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This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and assessment of the synergistic effect of 2,2,6,6, tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO)-coated titanium dioxide nanorods (TiO 2 NRs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Firstly, TiO 2 NRs were synthesized by the sol–gel technique. Then, TEMPO was grafted on TiO 2 NRs with the aid of oxoammonium salts. Next, the final product was characterized by applying manifold characterization techniques. X-ray diffraction was used to perform crystallographic analysis; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to conduct morphological analysis; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra were recorded to perform molecular fingerprint analysis. Furthermore, experimental and empirical modeling was performed to confirm the suitability of as-prepared samples for PDT applications using (MCF-7 cell line) Human Breast Cancer cell line. Our results revealed that bare TiO 2 NRs did not exhibit a significant response for therapeutic applications compared to TEMPO-conjugated TiO 2 NRs in the dark; however, they exhibited a prominent response for the PDT application under UV-A light. Therefore, it is concluded that TEMPO-coated TiO 2 NRs shows the synergistic response for therapeutic approach under UV-A light irradiation. In addition, TEMPO capped TiO2 nanorods not only overcome the multidrug resistance (MDR) hindrance but also exhibit excellent response for cancer cell (MCF-7 cells) treatment only under UV light irradiation via PDT. It is expected that the proposed TiO 2 NRs + TEMPO nanocomposite, which is suitable for PDT treatment, may be essential for photodynamic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The worldwide increase in malignancy rates has caused an increase of research interest for compelling and safe materials used for cancer treatment. A standout amongst the most pervasive types of treatment for malignant growth is photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is viewed as an alternative to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. PDT utilizing metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) is anticipated to be a useful approach for the treatment of malignant tumors. In the present study, NiO NPs were synthesized via a chemical co-precipitation (CPT) technique and characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, UV–Visible spectroscopy, and EDX spectroscopy. The particle size was measured to be in the range of 90–120 nm using different characterization techniques. UV–visible spectroscopy showed the maximum absorption band was 340 nm, which confirmed the formation of the NiO NPs. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity of the NiO NPs was studied using a HeLa cancer cell line at various concentrations (10–180 μg/mL). An MTT assay was carried out and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated to determine the cell killing effects and their relationship with the loss of cell viability upon treatment with NiO alone or in the presence of light. Our results show that a light dose of 100 J/cm2 and NiO NPs concentration of 180 μg/mL exhibited an effective PDT outcome on cervical cancer cells. These key outcomes support the photokilling effect of NiO NPs as a potential treatment for cervical malignancy and their in-vivo application is inferred from their biocompatible properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the peristaltic phenomena in biological and biomedical engineering has recently sparked a significant interest. In the current study, the peristaltic pattern of Ellis fluid in a channel has been inspected following the propagation of wave train with infinite magnitude. The confined flow regime is assumed due to asymmetric channel. The chemical reaction features are also considered in the modelling. The flow modelling is followed with the small Reynolds number hypothesis while the long wavelength is premised. The influence of various emerging physical parameters in the obtained solutions is observed. The computed result is presented in graphical form and discussed. The streamlines for flow parameters are also presented and discussed under different flow situations. The significant results of the current studies are that, the fluid velocity declined with higher values of Ellis fluid parameters. The pressure gradient improves with the material parameters. The higher fluctuation in power-law index α improves the temperature profile. The concentration reduces with the Soret constant and Schmidt number. The more significant change in power-law index and material perimeter result in a progressive concentration profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peristaltic phenomenon has intended the researcher's attention due to its extensive applications in bio-mechanics, industries and biological sciences. The applications of peristaltic transport problems are observed in the transportation of cilia, food mixing in digestive tract, small blood vessels vasomtion, urine transportation etc. Following to such motivating applications in minds, this theoretical analysis presents the peristaltic flow of magnetized Jeffery fluid through accounted by curved channel in presence of heat transfer. The assumed flow is confined by different wave frames. The heat transfer inspection has been performed by utilizing the non-linear thermal radiation and joule heating features. The curvilinear coordinate system is used to model the two dimensional, laminar and incompressible Jeffrey fluid with peristaltic phenomenon. The partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations in view of appropriate quantities. The implementation of wave length with long magnitude and the assumptions of smaller Reynolds assumptions, the governing system of ordinary system is solved numerically by using shooting technique. The dynamic of involved quantities and physical variables is observed carefully. A declining observation in the temperature in all forms of waves has been noticed for increasing the viscoelastic parameter. The heat transfer coefficient for all waves enhanced for the radius of curvature. Moreover, the velocity of the fluid declines in the lower half of the channel and rises near upper wall of the curved channel due to magnetic parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work explores the fabrication of organic–inorganic nanohybrid based biopolymer composite systems for the cleaning of different contaminants from wastewater. This system involves the simultaneous radiation grafting techniques for sepiolite (SP) modification and the simple mixing of modified-SP with biopolymer matrix, chitosan (CS). The SP beads were chemically modified with amidoxime prior to its use in composite systems. The synthesized composite beads were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen physical adsorption (BET) investigations, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), atomic absorption and UV–visible spectroscopy. Hydrolytic stability of beads was also investigated in aqueous media, beads showed excellent stability in aqueous medium and in acidic environment. Here, the sorption profile of copper over amidoxime grafted SP-nanohybrid (MSP) incorporating CS-beads is reported. Furthermore, the key adsorptive variables, i.e. contact time, adsorbent dose, and concentration of adsorbate are discussed. Different isothermal (Langmuir and Freundlich) and kinetics model were also elaborated. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order models are proved to be the best fit models for Cu (II) removal in aqueous system. To explore the efficacy of the material towards organic pollutants, methylene blue (MB) was selected as model compound and adsorbed on nanohybrid beads. The results revealed that organic–inorganic nanohybrid incorporating CS beads are quite effective for contaminated water remediation, owing to their better adsorptive performance, high stability and easy application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak from Wuhan, Hubei province in China and spread out all over the World. In this work, a new mathematical model is proposed. The model consists the system of ODEs. The developed model describes the transmission pathways by employing non constant transmission rates with respect to the conditions of environment and epidemiology. There are many mathematical models purposed by many scientists. In this model, " α E " and " α I ", transmission coefficients of the exposed cases to susceptible and infectious cases to susceptible respectively, are included. " δ " as a governmental action and restriction against the spread of coronavirus is also introduced. The RK method of order four (RK4) is employed to solve the model equations. The results are presented for four countries i.e., Pakistan, Italy, Japan, and Spain etc. The parametric study is also performed to validate the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meteorite found in the Empty Quarter of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the largest meteorite found in the KSA and has the shape of an irregular ellipsoid with semi-axes of 0.65 m, 0.38 m, and 0.27 m; a density of 6400 kg/m3; and a mass of 2550 kg. It is a massive piece belonging to the category of iron–nickel meteorites, which is contained in only 5% of the total showers. The present report is on the Elemental composition and physical characteristics of the massive meteorite of the saudi empty quarter employing with laser-induced break down spectroscopy (LIBS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrophotometry (EDX). Present study has indicated that the meteorite is composed of about 5% Ni, 91% Fe, 1.51% P, 0.3% Co, and a host of other elements, most of them appeared as oxides. The measured density of the meteorite is 6400 kg/m3 and it is confirmed by the micro-hardness test that the meteorite is porous (approximately about 19%). Based on our investigation, it is very likely that this meteorite would have "escaped" from the belt around Mars and Jupiter and is unlikely from the moon or elsewhere. This could be the first such study, employing the advanced instruments mentioned above regarding massive Saudi meteorite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present study, we assessed the antitumor and antibacterial response of Zn 0.5 Co 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized usingsol-gel method. The toxicological mechanism of current smart materials is considered to be valuable keeping in view its many promising applications. The structure, morphology, and magnetic behavior of theZn x Co (1-x) Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles NPs were assessed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The cytotoxic and photo-cytotoxic responses of the magnetic NPs were examined in a hepatocellular HepG2 model in the dark and under an optimum laser fluence dose of 80 J/cm2 using a wavelength of 630 nm for a short exposure time. A percentage loss of 60% was observed in a 250 µg/mL NP solution according to the cell viability of the labeled HepG2 cell model. Empirical modeling analysis revealed the reflex duplicate response of the experimental results. Antibacterial studies were performed on different types of bacteria via in vitro optical density analysis. Presented vision with varying factors will be useful for biomedical applications of Zn 0.5 Co 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]