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[Display omitted] • Air pollution causes population outflow. • Air pollution widens the income gap. • Air pollution narrows income inequality via population outflow. • Air pollution reduces income inequality through the decrease in general employees. • Air pollution increases income inequality through decreasing the senior talents. This study aims to investigate the impacts of air quality and population migration on income inequality in China. It introduces a general equilibrium model that air pollution triggers population outflow. The findings reveal that both absolute and relative air pollution cause population outflow and exacerbate income inequality. Using panel data of 292 Chinese cities in 2001–2020, this study finds that deteriorations in air quality—both in absolute and relative terms—widen the income gap but can mitigate income inequality through population outflow. Robustness tests support these findings. This study also uses data from A-share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2020 to explore the nexus between air pollution, human capital, and income inequality. It finds that increased absolute and relative air pollution decrease human capital and increase income inequality. Furthermore, a decrease in employee human capital (non-talents outflow) reduces intra-company income gap. This decrease is caused by a decrease in senior executives' earnings compared to an increase in general employees' compensation. However, a reduction in the human capital of senior executives (talents outflow) increases income inequality by boosting the earnings of senior executives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MSMEs are the leading sector in Indonesia because they have contributed to many sectors of the economy. Therefore, the development of MSMEs is something that needs attention. Factors influencing the development of MSMEs include inflation, income inequality, and employment. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of inflation, income inequality, and employment on the development of MSMEs in Indonesia. This study is a quantitative study with primary data obtained from the publications of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analysis technique uses the Multiple Linear Regression method. The results of the analysis show that inflation has a negative but not significant effect on MSMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Internet-based educational technologies, platforms and applications are becoming increasingly popular among learners worldwide. Using them, students and learners are finding ways to make learning easier, more fun and more effective. However, the digitalization of education raises questions about the distribution of digital resources and who has access to education and who does not. This research attempts to answer the question of how economic inequalities become educational in the context of the use of online educational resources by drawing on Bourdieu's cultural capital theory. The article provides quantitative analysis on data from Eurostat's ICT usage in households and by individuals, analysed by using structural equation modelling to demonstrate how economic inequalities are mediated by the technologies into educational inequalities in two ways. First, the access to digital technology leads to increased digital skills, and second, the technology and digital skills lead to greater chances of using online educational resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of increasing globalization, income inequality becomes one of the severe problems in both advanced and developing economies. Meanwhile, public spending financed by public debt may be an appropriate instrument of fiscal policy to narrow this inequality in society. However, high public debt can lead to an economic crisis and social instability. Does public debt differently affect income inequality between advanced and developing economies? For the answer, the paper applies the two-step system GMM Arellano-Bond estimator and the PMG estimator to test the effect of public debt on income inequality for a group of 30 advanced economies and a group of 34 developing economies between 2002 and 2020. The paper notes some exciting results. First, public debt narrows income inequality in advanced economies but widens it in developing economies. Second, by contrast, economic growth increases income inequality in advanced economies but decreases it in developing economies. Third, unemployment in advanced economies and education in developing economies enhance income inequality. These findings suggest some policy implications for governments in developing economies in using appropriately spending financed by public debt to narrow income inequality in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution investigates the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on health service performance and considers the issue of income inequality. It provides empirical evidence that the development of ICT helps to mitigate the negative impact of income inequality on health and thereby providing support for the vigorous development of ICT. Specifically, by using the Driscoll-Kraay standard error estimation, Generalized Method of Moments, and a panel threshold model, a nonlinear relationship is detected, and the results show that: (1) ICT can significantly promote the performance of the health service sector. As income inequality increases, the effects of ICT on health care performance become larger. (2) With the increase from a lower to a higher income inequality level, the positive impact of ICT development on health service enables productivity to increase significantly. Finally, policy recommendations for promoting health service productivity, based on our theoretical contribution and empirical results, are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study focuses on how financial development (FD) affects wealth inequality (WI) in ten emerging countries from 1995 to 2020. These countries include Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, the Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, and Türkiye. We analyzed the impact of economic growth (EG) and trade openness (TO) on WI using the augmented mean group (AMG) estimator. Our research showed that FD leads to an increase in WI among panel groups, particularly in Brazil, China, Mexico, and the Philippines. Additionally, EG and TO have a positive effect on WI for panel samples. We also found a two-way causality relationship between FD and WI, EG and WI, and WI and TO. Our paper concludes with a policy recommendation that government intervention is crucial in ensuring that lower-income individuals have equal access to financial assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between market income inequality in the USA and the employment in the US industrial sector. The main idea of the paper is as follows: changes in the share of employment in industry is a key factor of market income inequality in the USA. A decrease in demand for industrial workers and, as a consequence, a decline in the level of employment in industry result in higher levels of market income inequality, as it is demonstrated by the regression analysis. Such a decline is, in its turn, caused by technological progress, trade liberalization, socio-economic and political features of the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is concerned with the question of whether an additional pillar dedicated to taxes should be added to the three pillars - environmental, social, governance - of the ESG framework. Reporting on tax matters, including environmental taxes (E), approach to tax (S) and tax strategy (G), can already be performed within the existing framework. However, the inclusion of a tax pillar can bring some distinct benefits. This is due to, first, the inadequacy of the current regulatory landscape on ESG reporting characterised by lack of standardisation and the peripheral role of tax, and second, the importance of taxes to achieve sustainable development. Corporate taxes are an important instrument for wealth redistribution and financing of public spending to support sustainability policies. Conversely, corporate tax avoidance is linked to wealth and income inequality both intra- and inter-nationally, with developing countries being more negatively impacted. A tax pillar will improve the uniformity in tax reporting and provide more clarity to all stakeholders. More importantly, it will reflect the expectation that companies should go beyond the tax law and encompass ethical aspects in their corporate tax behaviour. The article concludes with some observations on the intricacies of taxation that would need to be taken into account when designing this new pillar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates if the complexity of a country's productive structure can help explain variations in income inequality. We use country panel data on 126 countries from 1995 to 2018 and approximate a country's productive structure through the Economic Complexity Index and income inequality from the World Income Inequality Database. Our results found that the relationship between economic complexity and income inequality is not homogenous across countries and, that at the world level, is not linear. Instead, when the level of complexity of the economy is low, increases in complexity mainly lead to an increase in economic inequality. At higher levels of economic complexity, its effect on income inequality becomes negative. This means that economic complexity improves equality after certain thresholds, which seems to reflect the situation of high-income economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, after presenting development of an endogenous fertility model with endogenous education investment, examines determination of the shares of households which select public education, income growth, income inequality, and fertility. Results demonstrate that a child allowance raises the share of households selecting public education. Furthermore, an increase in a subsidy for private education investment is not always sufficient to raise aggregate human capital accumulation, even if the share of households selecting private education is large. Furthermore, this paper presents an examination of how government spending on subsidy policies is determined as a result of a voting system. Numerical examples verify the result obtained using the theoretical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to show the primary tendencies in second-hand goods trade, determine the significance of disposable income as an economic factor on second-hand goods sales, the income elasticity of their demand and the influence of income inequality on second-hand purchases in 21 selected European economies. The methods of content, comparative and correlational analysis have been applied and secondary sources of data from Eurostat are used, which allows for a national review, international comparisons and a study of the economic significance of second-hand goods trade for GDP to take place for each EU country. The results suggest that in the span of the 2010-2020 period, there is an uneven and mildly descending trend in second-hand goods commerce in the EU-21 which matches the instability of the business cycle in the entirety of the European and separate national economies and contributes, though slightly, to the creation of economic value added. The second-hand goods are normal, regardless of the initial hypothesis, they are inferior goods and their sales are moderately, positively correlated to the disposable income of the users. In fact, they are not underestimated as a source of utility and their preference is determined by a line of other factors outside the income limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on issues of the adjusted gender pay gap (AGPG) and problematises existing approaches to calculating this indicator, especially Eurostat's methodology. It analyses the different factors and variables with which Eurostat and other authors work, noting flaws in their measurement methods. The unadjusted gender pay gap (GPG) is typically divided into explained and unexplained parts, with the latter interpreted as the effect of unequal pay for equal work. This study demonstrates why the unexplained part might be considerably smaller than reported by existing studies (typically at 14%=15% and 17% in the case of Eurostat). What is key to determining the size of the explained part of the GPG is what productive characteristics and how many of them are included in statistical model. Existing analyses have artifi- cially increased the adjusted part of the GPG due to simplifications in their application. For example, as this study shows, substituting the category of total job experience with the category of age has a significant impact, along with several minor shifts in the statistical analysis. When combined, these shifts are responsible for the substantial overestimation of the adjusted GPG. This study aims to eliminate these flaws and provide a theoretical and descriptive account of the reasons behind the overestimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from two research projects with adult literacies practitioners based in Scotland are used to illustrate how policies underpinned by ideologies based on Human Capital Theory (HCT) lead to a narrow conceptualisation of the purpose of literacies education. It is argued that HCT ideology permeates international and national policies and thus influences practice. This results in a focus on the economy, rather than the individual, leading to narrow domains of skills-focused knowledge that become accepted as normal and are difficult to challenge. The paper outlines the changes experienced by practitioners, especially those focused on employability programs, but also shows how these changes have been resisted, particularly in relation to how the curriculum is negotiated, and outcomes are assessed with learners. Practitioners were able to maintain values-based approaches and protect democratic practice through interactions with colleagues that reinforced a collective understanding of fundamental principles for delivering social justice-based literacies programs. It is concluded that, while practitioners were critically reinterpreting aspects of the dominant discourse through building on learners' experience and valuing their perspectives, social justice requires that the impact of broader social and economic inequalities on participation in education is addressed through structural changes rather than individual effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores empirical evidence for a connection between income inequality and skill (advanced-level educated workers share) using panel data methods that take into account cross-section dependency and heterogeneity. To assess the income inequality associated with skill, we run a data set for 24 developed the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1995 to 2018. In order to determine the stationary characteristics of the variables, we employ the Cross-Sectionally Augmented Im, Pesaran and Shin (CIPS) test approach. Following this, we employ Westerlund (2007), and Gengenbach, Urbain, and Westerlund (2016) Panel Cointegration tests, and then the Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (PDOLS) estimator. Our empirical test results conclude that there is a relationship between inequality and skill in the long-run and the PDOLS estimator findings show that as the skill level in employment increases, inequality decreases. In addition, according to the findings, this negative relationship is more pronounced in the United States, whereas it is more moderate or not valid in European countries. The results obtained are primarily consistent with the framework presented by Acemoglu (2002, 2003). These findings constitute one of the main contributions of the study in terms of supporting Acemoglu’s (2003) thesis that the skill premium is more pronounced in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct a theoretical model based on the task-based approach to study how industrial intelligence affects the residents' income gap through employment substitution and creation effect on different skilled labor, compensation effect on industries and industrial structure upgrading effect on industrial sectors. Subsequently, we present the benchmark regression analysis elucidating the impact of industrial intelligence on income inequality among urban residents in China. We employ a comprehensive set of control variables including economic development indicators, financial metrics, trade openness measures, government intervention variables, and other relevant factors to ensure the robustness of our findings. Furthermore, we explore heterogeneous effects to uncover how industrial intelligence affects income inequality differently across various demographic groups and regions. Based on our empirical analysis, we discover several key findings. Firstly, the advancement of industrial intelligence has notably exacerbated the income disparity among urban residents in China. This conclusion remains true even after conducting robustness test and endogenous treatment. Secondly, the impact of industrial intelligence on income inequality operates through distinct mechanisms. While it widens the income gap through employment substitution and creation effect as well as industrial upgrading effects, it also narrows the gap via the compensation effect. Lastly, industrial intelligence disproportionately affects certain demographic groups and regions. Specifically, it exacerbates income inequality among middle-aged and elderly individuals and in areas with weaker employment protection measures in China. The insights derived from our research can inform policymakers about striking a balance between economic growth and the well-being of the population, ultimately guiding the formulation of effective and inclusive policies in response to technological advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Laundry List" from Caribbean Quarterly explores the complexities of relationships and communication between individuals. It delves into scenarios where expectations clash with reality, leading to misunderstandings and difficult decisions. The narrative highlights moments of vulnerability, self-reflection, and the challenges of navigating personal boundaries and societal norms within intimate connections. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"The War Against Boys" by Christina Hoff Sommers, reviewed in the Canadian Journal of Education, discusses the issue of boys' underachievement in education and its potential impact on the economy. The author argues that despite strides in education for women, male underachievement has worsened, emphasizing the need to address this reality. The review highlights how classroom strategies have shifted to favor girls, potentially contributing to boys' disengagement in education. The book challenges the notion of equal outcomes as a measure of equal opportunity, providing insights into gender disparities in education. [Extracted from the article]

Countries are facing interconnected and cascading crises, including COVID-19, climate change, wars and military conflicts, and disruptions in geopolitics. To address these global challenges, it is necessary to introduce eco-innovations, and implement renewable energy. The purpose of the article is to analyze the countries' eco-innovative development, determine the impact of factors on alternative energy sources consumption, and consider models for eco-innovation network management. The dynamics of the Global Innovation Index, the European Innovation Scoreboard, and the Eco-Innovation Index were analyzed. The research implements the analysis of 27 EU countries for the period 2013-2020 by indicators that influence the eco-innovations development. The model of the impact of countries' investment development and economic growth indicators (such as foreign direct investment; GDP per capita), management level and the willingness of the government to invest in eco-innovation (total tax and contribution rate; government effectiveness; control of corruption; rule of law; research and development expenditure), and the level of income inequality (income share held by highest 10%; Gini index) on the consumption of alternative energy sources, energy-efficient technologies, and waste management and recycling implementation was built. The linear and cybernetic models for eco-innovation network management were considered. The pace of eco-innovation is strongly influenced by the effectiveness of state eco-innovation policies, the availability of a comprehensive information base, and the mechanisms of interaction between the science and production sectors. Effective eco-innovation networking implies that between the participants there are different types of relationships, the main of which are economic; legal; administrative; technological; social; and informational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the implications of fiscal policy for labor income inequality through two causal channels. First, I estimate how fiscal policy reacts to negative income shocks happening at different points on the labor income distribution, to examine whether fiscal policy responds differently when there are changes in income for low-income earners, versus median-income earners or high-income earners. Secondly, I estimate the impact that various fiscal policies have on labor market income at the low, median, and high ends. I consider eight different fiscal policy variables, including four types of government transfer variables shown to be countercyclical, government consumption and government investment, and personal versus corporate tax revenue. Embedding each fiscal policy variable into a Bayesian structural vector autoregression, I estimate both the reaction of each fiscal policy variable to shocks to labor income at three points of the labor income distribution, and the impact of shocks to each fiscal policy variable on labor income along the same three points of the distribution. Impulse response functions show most fiscal policies are more responsive to shocks to the low end of the income distribution. The impulse response functions also show that it is often the median and upper-end of the income distribution that benefit most from fiscal expansions, leading to greater income inequality. The results also reveal that the fiscal policies most effective for boosting income at low income levels also lead to the largest increases in income inequality. Finally, I find that the fiscal policies most effective for stimulating labor income are also the least responsive to labor income shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy poverty remains a significant challenge in developing nations, as exemplified by the situation in Indonesia. The connection between energy poverty and insufficient financial resources to fulfill basic energy requirements is significant. Remittances hold the potential to address energy poverty. This study seeks to explore the contribution of remittances to alleviating multidimensional energy poverty among households in Indonesia. Data for this research are sourced from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) from 2007 to 2014. This study uses traditional migrant-sending districts as an instrumental variable to address endogeneity concerns arising from the reverse causality between remittances and energy poverty. The findings indicate that remittances from migrant workers can help alleviate multidimensional energy poverty in Indonesia, as demonstrated by the two-stage least-squares (2SLS) methodology. Households receiving assistance use the funds to increase their energy consumption and alleviate energy deprivation by directing resources toward electricity, appliances, and communication services. Additionally, the study highlights that economic disparities play a role in shaping the relationship between remittances and energy poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates sustainable household energy transitions including a reduction in kerosene lamp use and increases in solar home systems and solar lanterns. We use a large and detailed survey of around 9,000 households in northern India in 2015 and 2018. Our key analytical insights focus on inequality across economic and wealth distributions, including the lack of major distributional changes between the two survey waves. We find that a positive relationship between economic resources and solar home system use is driven by the upper end of economic distributions. Kerosene use is also substantially lower for the top of the economic distribution, especially in the 2018 survey. In contrast, economic resources have a weak relationship with solar lantern use. Future policies can be devised with reference to our results showing a more robust relationship between assets, rather than income, and household energy transitions. The stronger influence of assets is evident for a range of asset variables and for a composite wealth index which we construct. Detailed analysis of socio-economic distributions has value for informing policy attempts to target support to constrained households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main responsibility of our educational institutions is to develop competent readers and thus, a literate citizenry. Indeed, literacy is requisite to access valued opportunities our society offers, which leads to a worthwhile quality of life. Unfortunately, our educational institutions persist in a stalemate on how best to effect reading competence in our children. This impasse has left generations of children and adults behind. The literacy deficits resultant from these "reading wars" are magnified and exacerbated by other confounding factors such as increasing levels of poverty, social and economic inequalities, the COVID-19 pandemic, and more. Recently published reading data of fourth graders in the United States exhibit some of the most disparate performances to date, especially when contextualized by race or ethnicity. More and more, educational and political leaders are calling for the return to systematic and explicit phonics instruction, which has been empirically shown to improve reading ability. When taken together, it is clear that providing demonstrably effective reading instruction for children and youth with social and economic vulnerabilities is more than a political debate; it is an issue of social justice. The authors of this article illustrate how the foundations of behavioral principles can inform reading instructional practices that will bolster our fledgling literacy rates and ultimately frame what it means to provide socially just literacy education for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poverty rate in Malang Raya is decreasing, although this is a good thing, another problem is emerging, namely economic inequality. Economic inequality impacts many parties, both rich and poor. This problem started with the COVID-19 pandemic, with uncertain economic stability. With this reality, one of the factors that will have an impact on the current economy is MSMEs. Moreover, with the increasing economic inequality in Malang, MSMEs will have minimal income and if MSMEs do not run as they should, the country's economy will not be good. be good. This research aims to find a solution by creating a platform to unite MSMEs that are under the radar to improve their playing field, especially F&B MSMEs, with the main benefits being given to MSMEs. To understand this problem, this research uses a design thinking process, with interviews and questionnaires as the main research, as well as a literature review as the method for conducting this research. The result of this research is the development of a mobile app which can be a bridge for MSMEs to become better known to the public. With the publication of this research, it is hoped that it will be an inspiration for the public to find ways to overcome these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With its single parameter, the Lorenz-Rohde function lacks the necessary functional flexibility to adequately fit the asymmetric empirical Lorenz curve. This limitation is demonstrated by the empirical Lorenz curve constructed based on Ghana's total income employment data. Therefore, this study aimed to develop the Lorenz-Extended Rohde function that could effectively accommodate the asymmetry of the Lorenz curve. In order to achieve this goal, specific parameters were introduced to modify the Lorenz-Rohde function while ensuring its preservation. The results demonstrated that the proposed Lorenz-Extended Rohde function consists of two types: Lorenz-Extended Rohde Type 1 with three parameters and Lorenz-Extended Rohde Type 2 with two parameters. Both types exhibited notable improvements in fitting accuracy compared to the original Lorenz-Rohde function for the asymmetric Lorenz curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article examines historical trends in health inequalities over the 20th and 21st centuries. Drawing on studies from the United States, United Kingdom, Sweden, and Western Europe, it concludes that there is evidence of a u-shaped curve in (relative) health inequalities. These trends in health inequalities broadly parallel those identified by economists with regards to the u-shaped curve of income and wealth inequalities across the 20th and 21st centuries. The article argues that—as with income inequalities—health inequalities generally decreased across the twentieth century through to the early 1980s. They then started to increase and accelerated further from 2010, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. The article sets out four distinct policy periods that shaped the evolution of trends in health inequalities: the Interbellum Era, 1920–1950; the Trente Glorieuse, 1950–1980; Neoliberalism, 1980–2010; and the Crisis Age, 2010–present. The u-shaped curve of health inequalities over this period suggests that social policies, health care access, and political incorporation have driven changes over time. Taking this long view of changes in health inequalities emphasizes the importance of politics and policy for future health improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The main purpose of this paper is to examine the emerging dynamics of formal and informal employment in the context of Maharashtra. Using the unit-level records from the recently published Employment and Unemployment Surveys (EUS) of the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) in 2011–12 and various rounds of Periodical Labour Force Surveys (PLFSs), we examine the nature and patterns of formal and informal employment. Also, we investigate the role of personal, household, and labour market characteristics in shaping the dichotomy between formal and informal employment in Maharashtra. The findings of the paper suggest that the wage gap between formal and informal employment is greatly influenced by individual and employment characteristics such as gender, marital status, years of schooling, technical education, vocational training, work experience, and industry of work. In addition, the paper also finds evidence for the marginalisation of women from the labour market, the enormous size of women in unpaid domestic duties, the lack of adequate coverage of formal employment in the rural sector, wage disparity, and the burgeoning size of informal employment. From a policy perspective, the paper suggests fostering inclusive economic growth by facilitating greater participation of women in the labour market and increasing the coverage of formal employment, which is crucial for attaining a decent living standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies show that the low level of economic development in countries occasioned by high income inequality levels may be addressed by financial inclusion policies via providing increased access and availability of formal financial services to the financially excluded segment of the economy. This paper investigates the extent to which this is applicable in Nigeria using the Auto regressive distributed lag estimation technique on time series data for the period 1985 to 2019. The results, consistent with the special agent theory of financial inclusion, show that financial inclusion significantly reduce the income inequality gap in Nigeria. Furthermore, the results also suggest that education and economic growth lowers the gap while population widens the gap. Based on this, the study recommends that policy makers in Nigeria put in more efforts to achieve the set target rate of financial inclusion as well put in place population reducing polices to further reduce the gap while promoting policies that will actualise the potentials of the other indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing urban-rural income disparities is crucial for economic growth and sustainable development. Does combating environmental pollution contribute to reducing income inequality? Drawing on data gathered from 199 prefecture-level cities spanning 2011 to 2019, this study examines the impact of public environmental concern on urban-rural income gaps using a two-way fixed effects model and dynamic panel model. The study reveals that heightened public environmental awareness can impede the growth of farmers' income, exacerbating urban-rural income disparities with a delayed effect. This influence is more pronounced in densely populated areas, economically advanced regions, mid-regions, and low-pollution zones. Further investigations demonstrate that public environmental awareness can widen the economic divide between urban and rural areas by influencing environmental governance capabilities and deteriorating the employment landscape. These findings offer valuable insights for regions aiming to concurrently achieve shared prosperity and reduce carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prosperity of rural e-commerce is crucial for rural economic development and rural residents' well-being, it also offers a fresh perspective towards addressing the "Three Rural Issues" in China. Considering Taobao villages (rural e-commerce) as a quasi-natural experiment, this study explores the impact of Taobao villages on rural residents' per capita disposable income by applying a staggered difference-in-difference (DID) method within county data from 2010 to 2020. It also reveals the underlying mechanisms behind them along with enterprise microdata. The empirical findings show that, on average, Taobao villages contribute to an annual increase of RMB 1820 in rural residents' income, and this effect is more prominent in counties with a dominant tertiary sector, larger scale, and non-poor counties. Furthermore, three mechanisms of Taobao village income-raising effect exist: labor mobility across sectors, new business registration, and cost reduction in e-commerce firms. These findings provide compelling evidence for policymakers to promote rural e-commerce as a means to bolster rural residents' income and foster rural economic growth, it is also of great practical significance for China in narrowing the urban–rural income gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much effort has been devoted to exploring the consequences of inflation on income inequality. Little documented is the effect on wealth inequality, which is more important in determining economic opportunities and rewards and hence political power. To close the void, the paper empirically examines whether inflation affects wealth inequality proxied by top wealth shares, with special emphasis on potential nonlinearity as well as associated mechanisms. In a sample of developing and developed countries, we find that top wealth shares have a U process whereas bottom wealth shares follow a hump-shaped path when inflation increases. Wealth inequality first decreases and then increases with inflation and there exists an inflation threshold such that an increase or decrease in inflation will lead to a rise in wealth inequality. Similar results are reached when considering income shares. Pathway analyses highlight that entrepreneurship and asset prices are potential channels through which inflation impacts wealth inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years mental health disparity has been rising in Australia. The contributing factors to this rising disparity are not well understood. We investigated this by measuring and decomposing socioeconomic mental health inequality in Australia using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) panel survey datasets between 2009 and 2017 employing the longitudinal factor decomposition method. In this research, we decompose the Income-Related Health Mobility (IRHM) and the Health-Related Income Mobility (HRIM) index. The IRHM index reflects the effect of the relationship between relative health changes at a constant income level, and the HRIM index represents changes in income ranking or income mobility with a fixed health outcome over time. Our findings suggest that poorer individuals cannot procure private health insurance, experience more long-term health conditions and have larger exposure to life shocks than richer individuals. Thus, long-term health conditions, private health insurance coverage, and number of life disruptions are the primary factors that negatively impact the IRHM index, thereby contributing to an increase in socioeconomic inequality in mental health in Australia. Moreover, the HRIM index exhibits a more pronounced adverse impact from labour force status compared to the relatively weaker positive effects observed in the IRHM index, resulting in a net negative effect from labour force status in this period. To address this, Australian governments should focus on implementing cost-effective intervention policies targeting disadvantaged populations to maximise health system resources and minimise mental health disparity by addressing the socioeconomic determinants of mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Estudios Internacionales is the property of Instituto de Estudios Internacionales de la Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of economic and social inequalities on academic success and to test whether the cycle of inequality is active through education. This objective is accomplished using classical and Bayesian discrete choice models for the sample obtained from Türkiye. The results reveal that students' economic and social characteristics affect their academic success and that these characteristics are possible sources of inequality in education. According to the findings obtained from models employed in the study, income, private school education, parental education level, region of residence, neediness to work, and the level of happiness with the family were found to have statistically significant effects on student success in getting into the desired university department and university placement ranking. Additionally, the results are compatible with the studies that report that the Bayesian approach yields more stable and appropriate results with smaller standard errors and confidence intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on examining the impact of the public sector, specifically the tax system and expenditure structure, on income inequality in CEE countries from 1998 to 2021. A panel data estimation technique is used to analyse this relationship. The findings of the research indicate that the tax systems in the CEE countries, characterised by limited progressivity and low shares of income taxes in total tax revenues, do not contribute effectively to reducing income inequality (shares of personal income tax, direct taxes and VAT are positively connected with GINI). In contrast, social and education spending are negatively associated with income inequality. These results suggest that expenditure policies have a stronger impact than tax measures in addressing income inequality in CEE countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: Many societies are becoming more economically unequal, and some people tend to be in favor of higher levels of economic inequality than others do. Traditionally, agency has been associated with high-status and high-power groups. In this research, we examined whether participants' agency led them to think there should be higher levels of economic inequality. In Study 1 (N = 191), we used a correlational design and found that participants' agency is associated with higher levels of ideal economic inequality. In Study 2 (N = 204), using an experimental design, we revealed that priming agency (vs. communion) leads to higher levels of ideal economic inequality. These findings extend prior evidence on the psychological effects of agency and illustrate the connection between agency and the ideal levels of economic inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas is the property of Centro de Investigacao e Estudos de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of students from a historically black college, on the correlation between race and economic inequality for African Americans due to a lack of access to a quality education experience. Throughout history, minorities have faced systemic disadvantages and discrimination, which have had lasting effects on their economic opportunities. A lack of access to quality resources, such as education, can further perpetuate these disparities, making it harder for individuals to break the cycle of poverty. Limited education can hinder career advancement, and wage growth for minorities, widening the income gap. This lack of education can perpetuate economic hardship across generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic sociology is a vibrant interdisciplinary field that investigates the social and cultural dimensions of economic activity. This research article provides an overview of the key concepts, theories, and methodologies within economic sociology. It delves into the historical development of economic sociology, examines its core themes, and explores its contributions to understanding contemporary economic phenomena. Through a review of relevant literature and empirical studies, this article highlights the intricate relationship between economy and society and emphasizes the importance of sociological perspectives in comprehending economic processes and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pioneering work of John Barkley Rosser Jr. (1948-2023) in various subfields of economics emphasizes the fact that economic and social phenomena are inherently nonlinear and often discontinuous. From this standpoint, Barkley has contributed substantially to a paradigm shift in economic theory and modelling. Both his influential research work and his unceasing survey work on different approaches and schools of thought in economics and social science, carried out through the lens of complexity theory, have succeeded to develop a broader view on economic thinking and continue to inspire many researchers worldwide. The articles in this issue cover a number of research areas and themes that were central to Barkley's work, from technological progress to evolutionary competition between firms, from regional science to income inequality, from environmental economics to more general macroeconomic themes, such as bubbles and crashes, financial instabilities and policy issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]