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In the present paper, the primitive equations, which can be used to simulate the large-scale motion of the ocean and atmosphere, are considered in the three-dimensional domain bounded below by a fixed solid boundary and above by a free-moving boundary. The global existence and uniqueness of strong solutions are established, and the long-time convergence to the equilibrium state is shown to be either at an exponential rate for the horizontal periodic domain or at an algebraic rate for the horizontal whole space.

This work presents a novel high-performance and high-safe magnesium-sodium hybrid ion batteries (MSHBs) system that has a large potential for future energy storage applications.

Quantum interference is a natural consequence of wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics, and is widely observed at the atomic scale. One interesting manifestation of quantum interference is coherent population trapping (CPT), first proposed in three-level driven atomic systems and observed in quantum optical experiments. Here, we demonstrate CPT in a gate-defined semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD), with some unique twists as compared to the atomic systems. Specifically, we observe CPT in both driven and nondriven situations. We further show that CPT in a driven DQD could be used to generate adiabatic state transfer. Moreover, our experiment reveals a nontrivial modulation to the CPT caused by the longitudinal driving field, yielding an odd–even effect and a tunable CPT. Our results broaden the field of CPT, and open up the possibility of quantum simulation and quantum computation based on adiabatic passage in quantum dot systems.

For compliant nanopositioning stages, the closed-loop control can effectively reduce the trajectory tracking error caused by modeling uncertainties and unknown disturbances. However, pose sensing solutions with multiple degrees of freedom, high precision, and high sampling rate required for closed loops are difficult to find. In this article, rendering the closed-loop trajectory tracking as an image-guided problem, a visual servo scheme for trajectory tracking control of the CNPSs is presented. Specifically, by updating the planning trajectory parameters in the feedback image area, the closed-loop trajectory tracking problem is transformed into the problem of minimizing the errors of the regional dense photometric information. Subsequently, an image-guided trajectory tracking controller with submillisecond delay is designed based on iterative optimization technique, and its stability is analyzed using Lyapunov's first stability law. Simulation results show that when the size of the template is appropriate, the theoretical accuracy of translation-/rotation components can easily reach 0.1 pixel and 0.1$^{\circ }$, respectively, even under the interference of image noise. The experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully track complex trajectories, with the tracking error smaller than 50 nm. Comparison experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively reduce the tracking error caused by model uncertainties.

Objective: This study aimed to establish a neural cell injury model in vitroby stimulating PC12 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to examine the effects of astragaloside IV on key targets using high-throughput sequence technology and bioinformatics analyses. Methods: PC12 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were treated with LPS at final concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.25 mg/mL for 24 h. Cell morphology was evaluated, and cell survival rates were calculated. A neurocyte inflammatory model was established with LPS treatment, which reached a 50% cell survival rate. PC12 cells were treated with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 µmol/L astragaloside IV for 24 h. The concentration of astragaloside IV that did not affect the cell survival rate was selected as the treatment group for subsequent experiments. NOS activity was detected by colorimetry; the expression levels of ERCC2, XRCC4, XRCC2, TNF-α, IL-1β, TLR4, NOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the groups were screened using a second-generation sequence (fold change>2, P<0.05) with the following KEGG enrichment analysis, RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of DEGs related to the IL-17 pathway in different groups of PC12 cells. Results: The viability of PC12 cells was not altered by treatment with 0.01, 0.1, or 1 µmol/L astragaloside IV for 24 h (P>0.05). However, after treatment with 0.5, 0.75, 1, or 1.25 mg/mL LPS for 24 h, the viability steadily decreased (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of ERCC2, XRCC4, XRCC2, TNF-α, IL-1β, TLR4, NOS, and COX-2 were significantly increased after PC12 cells were treated with 1 mg/mL LPS for 24 h (P<0.01); however, these changes were reversed when PC12 cells were pretreated with 0.01, 0.1, or 1 µmol/L astragaloside IV in PC12 cells and then treated with 1 mg/mL LPS for 24 h (P<0.05). Second-generation sequencing revealed that 1026 genes were upregulated, while 1287 genes were downregulated. The DEGs were associated with autophagy, TNF-α, interleukin-17, MAPK, P53, Toll-like receptor, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Furthermore, PC12 cells treated with a 1 mg/mL LPS for 24 h exhibited increased mRNA and protein expression of CCL2, CCL11, CCL7, MMP3, and MMP10, which are associated with the IL-17 pathway. RT-qPCR and Western blotting analyses confirmed that the DEGs listed above corresponded to the sequence assay results. Conclusion: LPS can damage PC12 cells and cause inflammatory reactions in nerve cells and DNA damage. astragaloside IV plays an anti-inflammatory and DNA damage protective role and inhibits the IL-17 signaling pathway to exert a neuroprotective effect in vitro.

Rapid convergence and strong immunity of attitude control under the influence of internal and external disturbances are crucial for aerial manipulators in aerial work tasks. In this article, a practical finite-time fast adaptive backstepping (FAB) attitude control method based on variable coupling disturbance (VCD) compensation is proposed for aerial manipulators to achieve this goal. Unlike traditional coupling disturbance compensation, which only considers manipulator motion, a novel VCD feedforward compensator is proposed that considers motion of both manipulator and load on the end effector. In this way, accurate and timely compensation of strong VCD can be achieved in tasks such as aerial pick and place. In addition, a new fast command filtered adaptive law is proposed to achieve direct estimation and compensation for lumped disturbances stemming from unmodeled dynamics, uncertainties, and external factors. Moreover, the FAB controller and fast command filtered adaptive law are designed with practical finite-time Lyapunov stability, which ensures finite-time stability of system tracking and adaptive law estimation errors with convergence rate faster than exponential. Experimental results are presented and discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control strategy.

Polyhedral boranes have potential applications in medicine and material science due to their unique structure and stability. However, tedious and low-yield synthetic methods limited their application. Herein, we have developed a facile large-scale synthetic method for M2[B12H12] (M = Na, K) by the reaction of MBH4with N,N-dipropylaniline borane in diglyme at 120 or 140 °C in up to 88% yield. The mechanistic studies indicated that intermediates, such as [B3H8]−and [B9H14]−, were formed in the formation process of [B12H12]2–anion, similar to previously reported. The formation of B2H6from the N,N-dipropylaniline borane adducts is most important. The developed method avoided using toxic materials, with high yield, easily scaled up, raw materials are readily available. Additionally, the starting material, N,N-dipropylaniline, could be repeatedly used at least three times with similar yields, which is an economical way to facilitate industrial synthesis. It is believed that this method will support further application of Na2[B12H12] and K2[B12H12] as solid electrolytes for an all-solid-state batteries.

Combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) with chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has been proven to be a promising strategy to improve the treatment efficiency of cancer, because of the synergistic therapeutic effect arising between the two modalities. Herein, we report an inorganic nanoagent based on ternary NiCoTi-layered double hydroxide (NiCoTi-LDH) nanosheets to realize highly efficient photodynamic/chemodynamic synergistic therapy. The NiCoTi-LDH nanosheets exhibit oxygen vacancy-promoted electron-hole separation and photogenerated hole-induced O2-independent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under acidic circumstances, realizing in situpH-responsive PDT. Moreover, due to the effective conversion between Co3+and Co2+caused by photogenerated electrons, the NiCoTi-LDH nanosheets catalyze the release of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) from H2O2through Fenton reactions, resulting in CDT. Laser irradiation enhances the catalyzed ability of the NiCoTi-LDH nanosheets to promote the ROS generation, resulting in a better performance than TiO2nanoparticles at pH 6.5. In vitroand in vivoexperimental results show conclusively that NiCoTi-LDH nanosheets plus irradiation lead to efficient cell apoptosis and significant inhibition of tumor growth. This study reports a new pH-responsive inorganic nanoagent with oxygen vacancy-promoted photodynamic/chemodynamic synergistic performance, offering a potentially appealing clinical strategy for selective tumor elimination.

To assess the mortality and outcomes after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in patients with type B aortic dissection (TBAD) in mainland China, and to compare these outcomes with data from Western countries, while analyzing the potential reasons for differences among different countries.

Oxygen therapy cannot rescue local lung hypoxia in patients with severe respiratory failure. Here, an inhalable platform is reported for overcoming the aberrant hypoxia-induced immune changes and alveolar damage using camouflaged poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microparticles with macrophage apoptotic body membrane (cMAB). cMABs are preloaded with mitochondria-targeting superoxide dismutase/catalase nanocomplexes (NCs) and modified with pathology-responsive macrophage growth factor colony-stimulating factor (CSF) chains, which form a core–shell platform called C-cMAB/NC with efficient deposition in deeper alveoli and high affinity to alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) after CSF chains are cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase 9. Therefore, NCs can be effectively transported into mitochondria to inhibit inflammasome-mediated AECs damage in mouse models of hypoxic acute lung injury. Additionally, the at-site CSF release is sufficient to rescue circulating monocytes and macrophages and alter their phenotypes, maximizing synergetic effects of NCs on creating a pro-regenerative microenvironment that enables resolution of lung injury and inflammation. This inhalable platform may have applications to numerous inflammatory lung diseases.

The effect of varying strain amplitudes on the tensile properties and microstructure of aluminum alloy 2024 after a solution treatment (ST) of 495 °C for 1 h followed by cyclic strengthening at room temperature in the presence of various strain amplitudes is methodically investigated. Cyclic strain treatment substantially leads to the enhancement of the strength and plasticity of the alloy. Different strain amplitudes result in distinct strengthening mechanisms in the tested specimens. The specimens treated with low strain amplitudes (Δεt/2 = 0.1–0.4%) exhibit the least changes in the dislocation cell size and the dislocation density. The strengthening is mainly attributed to the precise adjustment of solute cluster precipitation. In specimens treated with high strain amplitudes (Δεt/2 = 0.5–1.1%), various strain amplitudes result in various dislocation configurations. The S-phase precipitation occurs selectively in the dislocation cell walls, forming solute cluster-composite dislocation loops within the dislocation cells, enhancing both the strength and plasticity of the alloy. The rational cyclic strain treatment not only yields the achievement of the precise control of precipitate phases, but also regulates the dislocation configurations. The obtained results reveal that the high-density cluster-composite dislocation loops are capable of resolving the conflict between increasing dislocation density and reducing dislocation pile-up, providing new insights into alloy strengthening.

In this study, two octa-nuclear lanthanide complexes consisting of a templated Ln8(Ln = Tb, Dy) cluster and a ″4 + 4″ type Schiff-base covalent organic macrocycle, named Ln8L4+4, were constructed successfully. The stepwise solution assembly process of Tb8L4+4from the initial organic subcomponents and metal templates was tracked as Tb1L1+2→ Tb2L1+2→ Tb3L1+2→ Tb3L2+2→ Tb4L2+2→ Tb4L3+2→ Tb5L3+2→ Tb6L3+2→ Tb8L4+4, through ESI-MS technology. Interestingly, Tb8L4+4can be used as a sensitive and selective fluorescence-sensing material to determine the level of dipicolinic acid (DPA), and Dy8L4+4has the characteristics of a single molecule magnet behavior.

Limited data are common in the problem of remaining life prediction (RUL) of rolling bearings, and the distribution of degradation data of rolling bearings under different working conditions is quite different, which makes it difficult to predict the RUL of rolling bearings with limited data. To address this issue, this study combines first prediction time identification (FPT) and time-series feature window (TSFW) for predicting the RUL of rolling bearings with limited data. Firstly, the proper first prediction time is identified by a novel FPT identification method considering root mean square and Kurtosis simultaneously. Subsequently, to accurately capture the sequential characteristics of bearing degradation data, the TSFW is constructed and then adaptively compressed considering degradation factor that is derived mathematically. Based on this, this study employs multi-step ahead rolling prediction strategy with degradation factor from FPT to reveal the future degradation trend and then predict the bearing RUL. Finally, the feasibility and generalization of the proposed method under limited data is validated by carrying out several rolling bearing experiments, and the prediction errors for two representative bearings are 14.46% and 8.06%.

The National Science Foundation (NSF) Artificial Intelligence (AI) Institute for Edge Computing Leveraging Next Generation Networks (Athena) seeks to foment a transformation in modern edge computing by advancing AI foundations, computing paradigms, networked computing systems, and edge services and applications from a completely new computing perspective. Led by Duke University, Athena leverages revolutionary developments in computer systems, machine learning, networked computing systems, cyber‐physical systems, and sensing. Members of Athena form a multidisciplinary team from eight universities. Athena organizes its research activities under four interrelated thrusts supporting edge computing: Foundational AI, Computer Systems, Networked Computing Systems, and Services and Applications, which constitute an ambitious and comprehensive research agenda. The research tasks of Athena will focus on developing AI‐driven next‐generation technologies for edge computing and new algorithmic and practical foundations of AI and evaluating the research outcomes through a combination of analytical, experimental, and empirical instruments, especially with target use‐inspired research. The researchers of Athena demonstrate a cohesive effort by synergistically integrating the research outcomes from the four thrusts into three pillars: Edge Computing AI Systems, Collaborative Extended Reality (XR), and Situational Awareness and Autonomy. Athena is committed to a robust and comprehensive suite of educational and workforce development endeavors alongside its domestic and international collaboration and knowledge transfer efforts with external stakeholders that include both industry and community partnerships.

This study aimed to fabricate composites with high thermal conductivity using diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA), incorporating carbon fiber cloth (CFC) and graphene as reinforcing agents. Notably, the dispersion of graphene within the DGEBA matrix was enhanced through surface modification via a silane coupling agent. The effects of CFC and graphene addition on the impact strength, thermal conductivity, and morphology of the composites were examined. The experimental results showed that the incorporation of 6 wt% CFC resulted in a substantial (16-fold) increase in impact strength. Furthermore, the introduction of 6 wt% CFCs along with 20 wt% graphene led to a remarkable enhancement in thermal conductivity to 5.7 W/(m K), which was approximately 22 and 4 times higher than the intrinsic thermal conductivities of pristine DGEBA and the CFC/DGEBA composite, respectively. The increased impact strength is ascribed to the incorporation of CFC and silane-modified graphene. Additionally, the gradual increase in thermal conductivity can be attributed to the enhanced interaction between the acidic silane-modified graphene and the basic epoxy–amine hardener within the system studied.

Chiroptical activities arising in nanoclusters (NCs) are emerging as one of the most dynamic areas of modern science. However, devising an overarching strategy that is capable of concurrently enhancing the photoluminescence (PL) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of metal NCs remains a formidable challenge. Herein, gold and silver nanoclusters (AuNCs, AgNCs) are endowed with CPL, for the first time, through a universal host–guest approach─centered around perturbing a chiral microenvironment within chiral hosts, simultaneously enhancing emissions. Remarkably, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of AuNCs has undergone an increase of over 200 times upon confinement, escalating from 0.05% to 12%, and demonstrates a CPL response. Moreover, a three-dimensional (3D) model termed “NCs@CMOF” featuring CPL activity is created using metal cluster-based assembly inks through the process of 3D printing. This work introduces a potentially straightforward and versatile approach for achieving both PL enhancement and CPL activities in metal clusters.

Due to the large computational and GPUs memory cost of semantic segmentation, some works focus on designing a lite weight model to achieve a good trade‐off between computational cost and accuracy. A common method is to combined CNN and vision transformer. However, these methods ignore the contextual information of multi receptive fields. And existing methods often fail to inject detailed information losses in the downsampling of multi‐scale feature. To fix these issues, we propose AG Self‐Attention, which is Enhanced Atrous Self‐Attention (EASA), and Gate Attention. AG Self‐Attention adds the contextual information of multi receptive fields into the global semantic feature. Specifically, the Enhanced Atrous Self‐Attention uses weight shared atrous convolution with different atrous rates to get the contextual information under the specific different receptive fields. Gate Attention introduces gating mechanism to inject detailed information into the global semantic feature and filter detailed information by producing “fusion” gate and “update” gate. In order to prove our insight. We conduct numerous experiments in common semantic segmentation datasets, consisting of ADE20 K, COCO‐stuff, PASCAL Context, Cityscapes, to show that our method achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance and achieve a good trade‐off between computational cost and accuracy. We propose AG Self‐Attention, Enhanced Atrous Self‐Attention, and Gate Attention to fix the ignore of multi fields context and inject detailed information.

In this article, we present a multidomain phase-field based compact model for Ferroelectric / Antiferroelectric / Dielectric (FE/AFE/DE) mixed phase capacitors. We have considered a random distribution of different phases in 2D to develop a SPICE-compatible model following Kittel’s two-sublattice theory. We demonstrate that with proper adjustment of the gradient energy coefficient, a 1D model can accurately reproduce the results more than 75 times faster than the 2D models. The developed model can capture the endurance effect in ferroelectric capacitors emerging from the change of phase composition during cycling. Besides, we also theoretically demonstrate that the presence of dielectric phase in ferroelectric samples can produce strong depolarization field and cause pinched hysteresis loop similar to that of antiferroelectrics.

ABSTRACTDiazotrophic microorganisms are free-living groups of organisms that can convert atmospheric nitrogen (N) into bioavailable nitrogen for plants, which increases crop development and production. The purpose of the current study was to ascertain how diazotrophic plant growth promoting (PGP) Pseudomonas strains (P. koreensis CY4 and P. entomophila CN11) enhanced nitrogen fixation, defense activity, and PGP attributes of sugarcane varieties; GT11 and G×B9. A 15N isotope-dilution study was conducted to confirm the sugarcane strains’ capacity to fix nitrogen, and the results indicated that between 21 to 35% of plant, nitrogen is fixed biologically by selected rhizobacteria. In comparison to the control, after 30, 60, and 90 days, both CY4 and CN11 strains significantly increased defense-related enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, superoxide dismutase, glucanase, and chitinase) and phytohormones (abscisic acid, ABA, cytokinin, etc.) in GT11 and GXB. Additionally, the expression of SuCHI, SuGLU, SuCAT, SuSOD, and SuPAL genes was found to be elevated in Pseudomonas strains inoculated plants using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Both bacterial strains increased all physiological parameters and chlorophyll content in sugarcane plants more than their control. The effects of P. koreensis CY4 and P. entomophila CN11 strains on sugarcane growth promotion and nitrogen fixation under greenhouse conditions are described here for the first time systematically. The results of confirmation studies demonstrated that P. koreensis CY4 and P. entomophila are PGP bacterial strains with the potential to be employed as a biofertilizer for sugarcane growth, nitrogen nutrient absorption, and reduced application of chemical nitrogenous fertilizers in agricultural fields.

Purpose: Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is a novel ultrasound technique, which can detect early subclinical myocardial dysfunction with high sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of speckle tracking echocardiography in the evaluation of subclinical myocardial injury in patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Methods: 35 patients with Cushing’s syndrome and 29 healthy controls matched for age, sex, BMI, and systolic blood pressure were included in the study. All subjects were assessed using both conventional Doppler echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography. Among patients, they were further divided into inactive group (n = 7) and active group (n = 28) based on cortisol levels. Trend analysis was used among patients in different disease activity. Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to explore influence factors related to subclinical myocardial dysfunction. Results: Left ventricular ejection fraction value showed no statistical difference between patients Cushing’s syndrome and control group. However, GLS and LVSD, show significant differences in Cushing’s syndrome group. Also, among active Cushing’s syndrome group, inactive Cushing’s syndrome group and control group, GLS (−15.4 ± 3.0 vs −18.1 ± 3.1 vs-19.4 ± 2.4, P < 0001) and LVSD (48.9 ± 21.5 vs 43.5 ± 17.9 vs 28.5 ± 8.3, P < 0001) changed significantly with the disease activity status. In addition, GLS and LVSD were both linearly corrected with 24-hour urinary cortisol level. Conclusion: GLS and LVSD are sensitive parameters in detecting and monitoring subclinical myocardial systolic dysfunction in patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Myocardial injury is linearly correlated with cortisol level, which can be partially reversed after the biochemical control of cortisol.

The development of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) faces significant constraints, primarily attributed to their fragile architectures and limited functionalization capabilities. To overcome these limitations, this work presents a new polymer-on-HOF strategy by covalently tethering armor-like polymers onto the surface of HOFs. The application of this approach not only bolsters the stability of HOFs, but also facilitates the customization of their functional expansion in radionuclide sequestration. The optimized HOF-polymer materials display extraordinary ability in radionuclide sequestration, achieving uptake of I−(0.699 g g−1), IO3−(0.285 g g−1) and ReO4−(1.616 g g−1, setting a world record), fast adsorption kinetics (~100% removal within 45 s), and exceptional regeneration capability (>30 cycles) under continuous flow conditions. These outstanding performances benefit from the internal porous channels and surface imidazolium polymer coatings of HOFs, as proved by density functional theory calculation and molecular dynamics simulations. This work paves the way for the rational design of HOF-based hybrid materials tailored to versatile applications.

Macrophage polarization is vital to mounting a host defense or repairing tissue in various liver diseases. Excessive activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is related to the orchestration of inflammation and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) pathology. Rab GTPases play critical roles in regulating vesicular transport. In this study we investigated the role of Rab11b in ALD, aiming to identify effective therapeutic targets. Here, we first demonstrated a decreased expression of Rab11b in macrophages from ALD mice. Knockdown of Rab11b by macrophage-specific adeno-associated virus can alleviate alcohol induced liver inflammation, injury and steatosis. We found that LPS and alcohol stimulation promoted Rab11b transferring from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) cells. Rab11b specifically activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in BMDMs and RAW264.7 cells to induce M1 macrophage polarization. Rab11b overexpression in BMDMs inhibited autophagic flux, leading to the suppression of LC3B-mediated NLRP3 degradation. We conclude that impaired Rab11b could alleviate alcohol-induced liver injury via autophagy-mediated NLRP3 degradation.

An adaptive event-triggered control strategy for non-strict feedback nonlinear cyber-physical systems with time delays against deception attacks and actuator faults is presented. The most prominent difficulty lies in after the system signals are damaged by malicious deception attacks, all the exact states in the system are unavailable. Another design difficulty is the common existence of unknown nonlinearities and time-varying time delays, which makes it difficult to get the desired controller. Thus, to stabilize the studied cyber-physical systems, an unusual coordinate transformation is presented, where the attack gains and the problem of unavailability of states are considered simultaneously. Furthermore, the effect of the malicious deception attacks on the studied system is tackled by using Nussbaum technology and designing the Lyapunov functions with the attack gains. The unknown nonlinear functions, the mismatch problem for the control input caused by the nonlinearities of time-varying time delays are processed by neural networks technology and Lyapunov-Krasovskii functions. As a result, a controller based on event-triggered mechanism is constructed to reduce the waste of communication resources. The presented control strategy can ensure the signals in the closed-loop system are bounded. Finally, the Matlab simulation experiments are showed to verify the effectiveness of the developed strategy. Note to Practitioners—This paper studies the adaptive event-triggered control strategy for non-strict feedback nonlinear cyber-physical systems with time delay under deception attacks and actuator faults. Cyber-physical systems are widely used in power system, aviation system and other practical systems. However, due to the openness of network communication channels, attackers are prone to transmitting incorrect data to controllers and actuators, resulting in unusable system states, which is a challenging problem to ensure system stability by only using the compromised system states. In addition, the safety control problem of cyber-physical systems with time delays and actuator faults is investigated simultaneously, which poses significant challenges to the design of an desired controller. Therefore, by constructing Lyapunov functions and designing adaptive laws, not only the system under deception attacks is stabilized, but also the control strategy studied is made more practical.

The Xianshuihe-Anninghe fault extends SE–S and constitutes the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. However, the Dadu River which is associated with the fault does not flow following the path, but makes a 90° turn within a distance of 1 km at Shimian, heading east, and joins the Yangtze River, finally flowing into the East China Sea. Adjacent to the abrupt turn, a low and wide pass near the Daqiao reservoir at Mianning separates the N–S course of the Dadu River from the headwater of the Anning River which then flows south into the Yunnan Province along the Anninghe fault. Therefore, many previous studies assumed southward flow of the paleo-Dadu River from the Shimian to the Anning River. However, evidences for the capture of the integrated N–S paleo-Dadu-Anning River, its timing, and causes are still insufficient. This study explored the paleo-drainage pattern of the Dadu and Anning Rivers based on bulk mineral and geochemical analyses of the large quantities of fluvial/lacustrine sediments along the trunk of the Dadu and Anning Rivers. Similar with sands in the modern Dadu River, the Xigeda sediments also exhibit a granitoid affinity with the bulk major mineral compositions of quartz (>50%), anorthite (about 10%), orthoclase (about 5%), muscovite (about 5%), and clinochlore (about 4%). Correspondingly, bulk major elements show high SiO2, with all samples >60%, and some of them >70%, low TiO2(⩽0.75%), P2O5(⩽0.55%), FeO* (⩽5%), and relatively high CaO (1.02%–8.51%), Na2O (1.60%–2.52%), and K2O (2.17%–2.71%), with a uniform REE patterns. Therefore, synthesizing all these results indicate that these lacustrine sediments have similar material sources, which are mainly derived from its course in the Songpan-Ganzi flysch block, implying that the paleo-Dadu originally flowed southward into the Anning River and provided materials to the Xigeda ancient lake. The rearrangement of the paleo-Dadu River appears to be closely related to the locally focused uplift driven by strong activities of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system.

This article presents a simulation method for complex meteorological target echoes in airborne dual-polarization weather radar based on the invariant imbedding T-matrix (IITM) method. The approach integrates IITM with the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. Initially, meteorological scenes are modeled and simulated using WRF. This is followed by the modeling of six meteorological targets: raindrops, snow, hail, graupel, ice crystals, and cloud droplets, taking into account their possible varying shapes and setting proportional distributions for these shapes in the simulation. Subsequently, the complex refractive indices of these meteorological targets are calculated using the Debye model, Polder-van Santern (P-S) equivalent medium model, and melting ratio model. These indices are then incorporated with IITM to compute the scattering amplitude matrices for targets of various shapes. The final stage involves calculating the reflectivity factors of the six types of meteorological targets under different shape ratios. These factors are then applied to the radar meteorological equation to determine the echo power. The covariance matrix, illustrating the pulse correlation within the echo signal, is formulated using meteorological target echo power and wind speed data. This matrix undergoes Cholesky decomposition to facilitate the simulation of echo signals from meteorological targets for airborne dual-polarization weather radar. The simulation results indicate that the method can accurately replicate meteorological features, with comparative analysis against actual measurement data further validating the method’s effectiveness and reliability.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as the primary energy source, plays vital roles in many cellular events. Developing an efficient assay is crucial to rapidly evaluate the level of cellular ATP. A portable and integrated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microsensor array based on a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) was presented. In the BPE unit, the ECL chemicals and oxidation/reduction were separated from the sensing chamber. The ATP aptamer was assembled with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the sensing chamber. ATP capture made the aptamer disassemble from the ssDNA and facilitated DNA-templated silver nanocluster (Ag NC) generation by the target-rolling circle amplification (RCA) reaction. The guanine-rich padlock sequence produced tandem periodic cytosine-rich sequences by the RCA, inducing Ag NC generation in the cytosine-rich region of the produced DNA strands through Ag+reduction. The in situAg NC generation enhanced the circuit conductivity of the BPE and promoted the ECL reaction of [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+/tripropylamine in the anodic reservoir. On this ECL microsensor, a good linear relationship of ATP was achieved ranging from 30 to 1000 nM. The ATP content in HepG2 cells was selectively and sensitively determined without complex pretreatment. The ATP amount of 25 cells could be successfully detected when a sub-microliter sample was loaded.

Recent advances in deep neural networks (DNNs) have enabled highly effective recommendation models for diverse web services. In such DNN-based recommendation models, the embedding layer comprises the majority of model parameters. As these models scale rapidly, the embedding layer's memory capacity and bandwidth requirements threaten to exceed the limits of current computing architectures. We observe the embedding layer's computational demands increase much more slowly than its storage needs, suggesting an opportunity to offload embeddings to storage hardware. In this work, we present NDRec, a near-data processing system to train large-scale recommendation models. NDRec offloads both the parameters and the computation of the embedding layer to computational storage devices (CSDs), using coherence interconnects (CXLs) for communication between GPUs and CSDs. By leveraging the statistical properties of embedding access patterns, we develop an optimized CSD memory hierarchy and caching strategy. A lookahead embedding scheme enables concurrent execution of embeddings and other operations, hiding latency and reducing memory bandwidth requirements. We evaluate NDRec using real-world and synthetic benchmarks. Results demonstrate NDRec achieves up to 4.33$\boldsymbol{\times}$× and 3.97$\boldsymbol{\times}$× speedups over heterogeneous CPU-GPU platforms and GPU caching, respectively. NDRec also reduces per-iteration energy consumption by up to 54.9%.

NARROW LEAF1(NAL1) exerts a multifaceted influence on leaf morphology and crop yield. Recent crystal study proposed that histidine 233 (H233) is part of the catalytic triad. Here we report that unlike suggested previously, H234 instead of H233 is a component of the catalytic triad alongside residues D291 and S385 in NAL1. Remarkably, residue 233 unexpectedly plays a pivotal role in regulating NAL1’s proteolytic activity. These findings establish a strong foundation for utilizing NAL1 in breeding programs aimed at improving crop yield.

Purpose: Despite the involvement of 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐biphosphatase3 (PFKFB3) in the proliferation and metastasis of diverse tumor types, its biological functions and related molecular mechanisms in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) remain largely unclear. Methods: Datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus, the Cancer Genome Atlas and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were employed to measure the expression level of PFKFB3 in ATC. A series of assays were performed to analyze the role of PFKFB3 and its inhibitor KAN0438757 in ATC cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, Western blotting (WB), IHC and luciferase reporter assay were conducted to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of PFKFB3 and KAN0438757 in ATC. Additionally, we established a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model in nude mice to evaluate the in vivo tumor growth. Results: PFKFB3 exhibited a significant increase in its expression level in ATC tissues. The overexpression of PFKFB3 resulted in the stimulation of ATC cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, this overexpression was associated with the elevated expression levels of p-AKT (ser473), p-GSK3α/β (ser21/9), nuclear β-catenin, fibronectin1 (FN1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and cyclin D1. It also promoted the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the transcription of downstream molecules. Conversely, contrasting results were observed with the downregulation or KAN0438757-mediated inhibition of PFKFB3 in ATC cells. The selective AKT inhibitor MK2206 was noted to reverse the increased expression of p-AKT (ser473) and p-GSK3α/β (ser21/9) induced by PFKFB3 overexpression. The level of lactate was increased in PFKFB3-overexpressing ATC cells, while the presence of KAN0438757 inhibited lactate production. Moreover, the simultaneous use of PFKFB3 downregulation and KAN0438757 was found to suppress subcutaneous tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion: PFKFB3 can enhance ATC cell proliferation and migration via the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and plays a crucial role in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis in ATC cells.

With the large demand for micro-vision systems with telecentric lenses in applications such as precision 3-D sensing, how to achieve fast and high-precision calibration of the vision system has become increasingly important. In this article, we propose a flexible telecentric calibration method that does not require additional $Z$ -axis information and can perform the whole calibration task using only one planar target. First, the main challenges in the planar-target-based calibration of the telecentric vision systems are analyzed in detail, including the noise-induced nonnormalization of rotation vectors and sign ambiguity caused by an affine imaging model. For the former challenge, a solution strategy that first uses the orthogonality and modulus equality of the rotation vectors to solve the parameters and then performs vector normalization is proposed. For the latter, according to the pinhole approximation characteristics of the actual telecentric lens, a scheme to determine the signs of the rotation parameters related to the telecentric lens by using the calibration results of the pinhole model is given. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed rotation parameter solution strategy and the sign determination scheme are both effective. In addition, the proposed method can effectively calibrate different telecentric vision systems with the reprojection errors at a subpixel level. Finally, the application of the calibrated structured micro-vision system on 3-D measurement shows that the achieved measurement accuracy can reach the micrometer level.

Enhancing the operational capabilities within a limited workspace for the assembly of microobjects with different shapes and dimensions is a prominent objective in microgripper development. In response to the challenge, this article develops a novel microgripper equipped with replaceable modular tools. The design process involves an integrated topology optimization method for compliant mechanisms and piezoelectric actuators to achieve high compactness. This method employs a geometric representation scheme incorporating explicit and implicit topology descriptions to drive the layout evolution of actuators and compliant mechanisms. The extended finite element method (XFEM) is utilized to capture the displacement field in the design domain to enhance the accuracy of the structural response and sensitivity analysis. Moreover, the output compliance and minimum length scale control are considered in the optimization model to ensure the manufacturability of the results. Furthermore, the microgripper is equipped with replaceable modular tools, enabling an expanded clamping range and adaptability to microobjects of varying shapes and feature dimensions. Numerical simulations and experiments validate the efficacy of the design method and demonstrate the high area efficiency and application potential of the proposed microgripper. Notably, the microgripper has proven successful in clamping objects with feature dimensions ranging from 25 $\mu$m to 3.8 mm and assembling micro silicon wafers and miniature planetary gears.

Accurate battery states estimation is critical to the safe and stable operation of Li-ion batteries, and it is one of the fundamental functions of a battery management system (BMS). This paper proposes a novel deep learning framework called multi-timescale dual feature-based state estimation network (MFN) using extremely limited charging data to estimate three critical states simultaneously end-to-end: maximum capacity, the capacity at the beginning of charging, and the capacity at the end of charging. The core of the framework is the dual feature extraction module (DFM) and the multi-timescale information extraction module (MTM). First, DFM extracts independent and coupling features of external signals (voltage, current, temperature) in the time dimension, respectively, and then merges them. Based on this, MTM explores the health features of the external signals on different time scales and merges them. Finally, the three internal states are estimated using the mined depth features. Experimental results in the Oxford battery data show that the root mean square error (RMSE) for three internal states is less than 9.71 mAh, corresponding to 1.31% of the nominal capacity.