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The present study is to use Taguchi methodology to develop an optimal ultrasound-mediated phycoerythrin extraction (UMPEE) condition from Anabaenasp. BTA 903. For improved PE extraction, Taguchi methodology (TM) was used to optimize five process parameters such as solid-to-liquid ratio (SLR), duty cycle (DC), electrical acoustic intensity (EAI), pH, and calcium chloride. The optimum condition necessary to achieve a higher PE yield, the average performance of individual parameters, and corresponding interactive effects were computed using the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistically significant parameters and their contribution. Duty cycle had the greatest impact (28.36%) on phycoerythrin (PE) extraction. Electrical acoustic intensity had the second-highest impact (23.65%) on PE extraction, followed by calcium chloride (22.14%), solid–liquid ratio (13.33%), and pH (10.11%) on PE extraction. When PE extraction was carried out, the optimal conditions for SLR, EAI, DC, pH, and calcium chloride were 0.25 g/ml, 16.99 w/cm2, 75%, 7, and 0.01 g/ml, respectively. The S/N ratio of PE extraction yield was improved from 30.42 to 33.95. Anabaenasp. BTA 903 might be considered a possible candidate for PE feedstock because the maximum 50.24 mg/g of PE was recovered experimentally utilising optimum conditions predicted by the model. The batch extraction was found to be second-order, and the rate constant was computed as 3.2 × 10−4Lmg−1min−1for extraction of PE. The aforementioned kinetic data will aid in the development of an extractor for large-scale PE extraction from Anabaenasp. BTA 903.

In this paper, we study the Z/2action on complex Grassmann manifolds Gn(C2n)given by taking orthogonal complement. We completely compute the associated Z/2Fadell–Husseini index. Our study is parallel to the study of the index of real Grassmann manifolds Gn(R2n)by Baralić et al. [Forum Math., 30(2018), pp. 1539–1572].

The cyanobacterium BTA 903 isolated from Manipur state of India was identified as Anabaenasp. after phylogenetic analysis. BTA 903 contained ash (5.84% w/w), carbohydrate (42.36% w/w), protein (33.46% w/w), lipid (16.46% w/w), and moisture (1.88% w/w), respectively. BTA 903 required 0.3 M glycine and 5 mM sodium glutamate as supplements in BG 11 media in order to achieve the highest amount of cell growth along with C-phycoerythrin (PE) production. The light intensity of 6 k Lux, along with a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) was revealed to be optimal for increased productivity. The yields of C-phycoerythrin, C-phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, chlorophyll-a, and ammonia excretion after 30 days of incubation of Anabaena sp. were 49.96, 27.53, and 30.39, 6.9, and 31.2 mg per gram of biomass, respectively. The biomass productivity of Anabaenasp. BTA 903 was found to be 39 mgL−1day−1after 30 days of incubation. PE from Anabaenasp. was extracted using 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH-7). The deactivation process of PE was investigated using a first-order kinetic model. The rate constant (kd) was found to be in the range of 0–0.01 h−1when the deactivation study was carried out at pH 7 and temperatures ranging from 10 to 30 °C. The highest level of PE deactivation was found at 80 °C and pH 12 due to a higher kdvalue (0.671 h−1). At pH 7, the highest Gibb’s free energy for PE was found to be 103.70–115.69 kJ/mol. PE’s pH and thermal tolerances suggested that it could be used for industrial applications.

ABSTRACTThe trustworthiness of artificial intelligence (AI) has been challenged for quite some time. The AI results will be trustworthy and reliable if trust-related principles are built into the AI system along with effective AI governance and monitoring. Therefore, this study seeks to define a trustworthy AI system development maturity model to assist firms in understanding where they stand in terms of developing a trustworthy AI platform. Since trust is time-bound, it is difficult to regain once lost, and this maturity model helps to establish robust controls and governance mechanisms in AI systems from their inception to minimize risk and establish trust. Hence, this study starts by defining the trustworthy enhancing techniques (TET) to build a trustworthy AI system, then advances on to the Trustworthy AI system maturity model (TAS-MM). The study’s findings include a maturity model with four stages of trustworthy AI system growth and maturity progression.

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a technique of mitigating multi-radar interference in a photonic radar using a sliding window long short-term memory (SW-LSTM)-based recurrent neural network. For the proof-of-concept experimental demonstration, a photonics-based victim radar (VR) with an 8 GHz linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal is generated using optical injection in a semiconductor laser. This VR is used to detect two objects separated by 10 cm in the presence of multiple interference sources. To perform the analysis of mitigating interference in the multi-radar environment, we generated random interference LFM signals (IR-LFM) with diverse bandwidths (4 GHz to 10 GHz) and chirp rates (±1 GHz/μs to ±20 GHz/μs), both experimentally and synthetically. The generated IR-LFM signals consist of both coherent and non-coherent interferences and are added to the echo signal and trained using SW-LSTM. During the training stage, learning rate, stacked layers, nodes, batch size, and window size are optimized. In the test stage, we use signals with both coherent and non-coherent interferences, which are distinct from the interferences in the training stage. The proposed model is evaluated for one, four, and eight interference test scenarios, in which it successively achieves a mean ${{{\bm{R}}}^2}$ value of > 93% for all test scenarios, taken over ten trials in each test scenario. Furthermore, a mean error vector magnitude (${\bm{EVM}}$) of < 0.07 and a mean signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (${\bm{SINR}}$) of > 11 dB are obtained. These results indicate a strong similarity between the range profile calculated in the interference-free and the multi-interference environments with our proposed scheme of mitigating interference using SW-LSTM.

Diabetes is a lifestyle havoc of the present epoch and patients suffer from all co-morbid situations. Diabetic burn wound patients are mostly affected due to the high rate of infection-alluring co-morbidity. Our study focused on the use of a unique combination of Chitosan/Polyethylene oxide (CS/PEO) woven into fibers by electrospinning to relieve these critical health conditions. The anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and tissue-repairing virtue of chitosan along with the broad-spectrum antibacterial effect of polyethylene oxide were highlighted for the treatment of ectopic infection and re-epithelialization of tissue. Single-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model was developed to study the applicability of CS/PEO nanofiber as dressing material on burn wounds. The average nanofiber diameter was 165  nm mimicking the extracellular matrix with a significant degree (125%) of swelling and thermal stability. Studies of optical density on the bacterial species identified from the wound suggested more than 50% antibacterial activity. Planimetric assessment, Haematoxylin & Eosin staining (HE) and Masson’s Trichrome (MT) staining suggested a remarkable 94.7% (p< 0.01) wound contraction with the increasing trend of re-epithelialization and  a reduced rate of inflammation in diabetic mice over 20 days. So, CS/PEO nanofiber can be used as an excellent alternative dressing material to heal diabetic burn wounds by limiting inflammatory infiltration and microvessels along with antibacterial efficacy.

Bite registration procedures have been transformed by the digital revolution in dentistry, thus it is now necessary to compare the accuracy of digital or virtual techniques to conventional ones.

Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have significantly improved the overall performance, dependability and efficiency of the renewable energy system. Moreover, these can be easily integrated with the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems. Maintaining the power qualities of these MLIs is always marked as a major research concern which can be heavily impacted by the pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies. An improved voltage balancing discontinuous PWM (DPWM) scheme is suggested in this work for the single-phase grid-tied 5-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter, which can significantly mitigate the fluctuation of the dc-link capacitor voltages as well as the switching losses of the power IGBTs. The reduction in switching losses will give lower thermal stress to the power devices. The proposed DPWM scheme is compared with other existing DPWM schemes for proving its effectiveness. The simulation of the entire system is performed by using MATLAB Simulink and PLECS simulation platform. A lower scale prototype is also constructed in the laboratory.

Background The repair of certain types of complex congenital cardiac defects may require a right ventricle-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) conduit. Using the Ozaki Aortic valve neocuspidization (AVNeo)technique, a valved RV-PA conduit was constructed with an Ozaki valve inside a Dacron graft. This study aims to evaluate the short-term outcome of the Ozaki valved RV-PA conduit.Material/Method A total of 22 patients received the Ozaki valved RV-PA conduit from November 2019 until December 2023. The median age was 12 years (interquartile range [IQR], 5.5-21), median body weight was 35 kg (IQR, 15.8-48.5). The conduit was used in 16 patients (72.7%) under 18 years of age. Indications for conduit placement included: anatomic repair of corrected transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect/pulmonary stenosis, conduit replacement, pulmonary atresia with associated anomalies, pulmonary artery aneurysm with dysplastic pulmonary valve, tetralogy of Fallot with coronary artery crossing the right ventricular outflow tract, bioprosthetic pulmonary valve regurgitation, and rheumatic heart disease. Native pericardium was used for the Ozaki valve in 12 patients and bovine pericardium for 10 patients. Conduit sizes ranged from 18 mm to 30 mm.Result The median intensive care unit stay was 4 (IQR, 2-6) days and the median hospital stay was 9 (IQR, 5.5-13.5) days. There were two perioperative mortalities (9.1%) both unrelated to the conduit. The median follow-up was 12.3 (IQR, 4.43-21.2) months. There was no infective endocarditis of the conduit. The median peak gradient across the conduit was 22 mm Hg (range 0-44 mm), and all were competent with trivial regurgitation on follow up.Conclusion Creation of an Ozaki valved conduit is an attractive option due to low cost, reproducibility, and excellent hemodynamics. Longer-term studies are needed to confirm the durability.

Prospective cohort studies of kidney equity are limited by a focus on advanced rather than early disease and selective recruitment. Whole population studies frequently rely on area-level measures of deprivation as opposed to individual measures of social disadvantage. Here, we linked kidney health and individual census records in the North of Scotland (Grampian area), 2011-2021 (GLOMMS-CORE) and identified incident kidney presentations at thresholds of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) under 60 (mild/early), under 45 (moderate), under 30 ml/min/1.73m2(advanced), and acute kidney disease (AKD). Household and neighborhood socioeconomic measures, living circumstances, and long-term mortality were compared. Case-mix adjusted multivariable logistic regression (living circumstances), and Cox models (mortality) incorporating an interaction between the household and the neighborhood were used. Among census respondents, there were 48546, 29081, 16116, 28097 incident presentations of each respective eGFR cohort and AKD. Classifications of socioeconomic position by household and neighborhood were related but complex, and frequently did not match. Compared to households of professionals, people with early kidney disease in unskilled or unemployed households had increased mortality (adjusted hazard ratios: 95% confidence intervals) of (1.26: 1.19-1.32) and (1.77: 1.60-1.96), respectively with adjustment for neighborhood indices making little difference. Those within either a deprived household or deprived neighborhood experienced greater mortality, but those within both had the poorest outcomes. Unskilled and unemployed households frequently reported being limited by illness, adverse mental health, living alone, basic accommodation, lack of car ownership, language difficulties, and visual and hearing impairments. Thus, impacts of deprivation on kidney health are spread throughout society—complex, serious, and not confined to those living in deprived neighborhoods.

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Airway mucus plugs are frequently identified on CT scans of patients with COPD with a smoking history without mucus-related symptoms (ie, cough, phlegm [silent mucus plugs]).

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To design and plan effectively, understanding the engineering properties of rocks, such as the Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), is crucial. While direct laboratory testing is a common method for determining UCS, it is often time-consuming, costly, and challenging, especially for soft or highly fractured rocks. Numerous past studies have explored indirect methods using basic rock properties for UCS prediction, and many correlations have been established. This study introduces an innovative indirect approach using machine learning models, including Multiple Linear Regression, Support Vector Regression, Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory, and two hybrid models’ i.e., artificial neural networks with teaching learning-based optimization (ANN-TLBO) and particle size optimization (ANN-PSO) using Petrographic properties. This study utilized 54 rock samples from three different geological locations in India, with corresponding thin sections prepared and tested in the laboratory. The prediction of UCS was based on unit weight and petrographic analysis, specifically mineral compositions. Statistical analysis showed that the ANN-PSO model outperformed others, achieving R2and TIC values of 0.9911 and 0.0134 during training, and R2= 0.9868 and TIC = 0.0154 during testing. We conducted various statistical analyses, including a heatmap matrix, Taylor plot, REC curve and uncertainty analysis to evaluate the model performance. Our results indicate that machine learning models, particularly ANN-PSO, offer a reliable and efficient alternative to traditional methods for predicting UCS. Furthermore, Sensitivity analysis was investigated to check the importance of input parameters to the output parameters. Results identified quartz as the most significant parameter influencing UCS prediction.

The purpose of this research is to safeguard neighbouring reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in developing settings from seismic pounding, which can cause damage to such closely spaced buildings. The results of this study help to mitigate the pounding impact that occurs during earthquakes between nearby structures with varying floor numbers and provide valuable insights for constructing closely separated buildings in rapidly growing urban environments. Floor-to-floor pounding is the subject of this research, and the easiest and most efficient way to mitigate the damage caused by this pounding effect is to allow adequate space between the buildings. The study’s objective is to determine the minimum seismic gap between adjacent RC buildings with floors at the same level using three distinct analysis techniques: Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA), Non-Linear Modal Time-History Analysis (NLMTHA), and Direct Integration Time-History Analysis (DITHA) and finally recommend a safe seismic gap value from those three methods of analysis. The effect of the number of bays and storeys on the seismic gap value is also covered in this study. In order to provide suitable gap values, the research models 18 buildings with varying floor numbers and varying bay numbers in X and Y directions in SAP 2000 v 20 and a total of 153 building combinations were generated from those 18 models.

When treating orthopaedic damage or illness and accidental fracture, bone grafting remains the gold standard of treatment. In cases where this approach doesn't seem achievable, bone tissue engineering can offer scaffolding as a substitute. Defective and fractured bone tissue is extracted and substituted with porous scaffold structures to aid in the process of tissue regeneration. Three-dimensional bioprinting has demonstrated enormous promise in recent years for producing scaffold structures with the necessary capabilities. In order to create composite biomaterial inks for three-dimensional bioprinting, four different materials were combined such as silk fibroin, bone particles (B), synthetic biopolymer poly (ε-caprolactone), and Fenugreek (F). These biomaterials were mixed together in certain proportion to develop a silk fibroin + bovine bone + polycaprolactone + fenugreek powder composites biomaterial which was later three-dimensional bioprinted to fabricated composite bio-scaffold. The biomechanical, structural, and biological elements of the manufactured composite scaffolds were characterized in order to determine their suitability as a possible biomaterial for the production of bone tissue. The in vitro bioactivity of the composite scaffolds was assessed in the simulated body fluids, and the swelling and degradation characteristics of the two developed scaffolds were analyzed separately over time. The results showed that the mechanical durability of the composite scaffolds was enhanced by the bovine bone particles, up to a specific concentration in the silk fibroin matrix. Furthermore, the incorporation of bone particles improved the bioactive composite scaffolds’ capacity to generate hydroxyapatite in vitro. The combined findings show that the three-dimensional printed bio-composites scaffolds have the required mechanical strength and may be applied to regeneration of bone tissue and restoration, since they resemble the characteristics of native bone.

Recently, buffer molecules have been known to affect intermolecular protein–protein interactions at physiological pH. However, the roles of buffer molecules and different monolayer protein concentrations remain elusive in controlling the interaction of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with protein molecules. Herein, for the first time taking phenylalanine functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au-Phe NPs) and lysozyme (Lyz) protein as model systems, we report that buffer molecules of different charges (at a particular pH) play diverse roles in protein-Au NPs interaction, particularly in protein induced Au NPs aggregation. Among different buffers, negatively charged buffer (citrate and phosphate) induces aggregation of both Au-Phe NPs and Lyz protein, whereas zwitterionic and positive buffer (HEPES, MOPS, and Tris) only cause the Au NPs aggregation. Taking the diverse role of buffer into account, we propose multimodal models for stability and protein induced aggregation mechanism of NPs at different monolayer (sub-, near-, and excess) concentrations of Lyz in different medium.

A C,N-bidentate hybrid benzothiazolyl-NHC ligand (L) with a flexible −CH2– linker between the two moieties is devised. Classical deprotonation of the corresponding imidazolium bromide LHBr by M2O (M = Cu, Ag) affords the [(L)MBr] complexes 1(M = Cu) and 2(M = Ag), where the ligand L is monodentate by binding through the NHC only. A transmetalation with [Rh(COD)2]BF4from both gives the cationic Rh(I)complex [(L)Rh(COD)]BF4(3), which turns out to be a decent air-stable catalyst for olefin hydrosilylation giving anti-Markovnikov addition products under ambient benchtop conditions.

Herein, natural-synthetic hybrid dual-state luminescent conducting polymers (DLCPs/DLCP1–DLCP8) possessing significant optoelectrochemical properties are strategically developed by the polymerization of prop-2-enamide, cis-butenedioic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, and in situ-generated 2-(3-acrylamidopropanamido)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid alongside the grafting of gum tragacanth. The spectroscopic data of aliphatic DLCPs affirm DLCP7 as the most stable supramolecular assembly endowing optoelectronic properties. Computational calculations identified −C(═O)NH–, −C(═O)OH, −OH, and −SO3H as subluminophores. The absorption spectra, excitation wavelength-/solvent-polarity-/concentration-dependent luminescence, solid state luminescence, aggregation-induced enhanced luminescence, and time-correlated single photon count (TCSPC) studies confirm the occurrence of aggregation-mediated intramolecular through-space charge transfer (ITSCT) in the excited state of DLCP7. Mulliken charge, natural bond orbital, dipole moments, and electronic potential surface analyses confirm the charge donor–acceptor system in DLCP7. Furthermore, the selective optoelectronic response of DLCP7 toward Ca2+/Cu(II) at 438/574 nm is explored using ultraviolet–visible spectra, TCSPC analyses, a dynamic light scattering study, and computational investigations. The chelation-enhanced luminescence and ITSCT inhibition are responsible for turn-on and turn-off detections of Ca2+and Cu(II), respectively. Cu(II) → Cu(I) reduction in a DLCP7 solution is inferred from electrochemical and spectroscopic analyses. The conductivities of 9.65 × 10–5S cm–1(solid state) and 44.35 × 10–5S cm–1(solution) in DLCP7 are validated by current–voltage and electrochemical impedance measurements. Again, strong electronic conductivities of 43.89 × 10–5S cm–1(solid state)/53.34 × 10–5S cm–1(solution) and 45.42 × 10–5S cm–1(solid state)/64.81 × 10–5S cm–1(solution) are observed in Ca2+-DLCP7 and Cu(II)-DLCP7, respectively.

•In patients with IEI, improved EFS and higher donor chimerism may be achieved by targeting a cumulative busulfan AUC of 80 mg × h/L.•The data stress the importance of uniformly using a validated population pharmacokinetic model to estimate the busulfan cumulative exposure.

The article examines the risks of transition from the interim government to a democratically elected one, the effect on overall stability in Bangladesh, and implications for the region. Topics include the reinstatement ordered by the High Court Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh of a 30 percent quota system on June 5, 2024, reason that the 2024 quota reform protests culminated in a wider anti-government remonstration, and regional implications of the country's political instability.

This study presents the development of low-voltage ( $\le 2.0$ V) near-infrared (NIR) sensitive organic phototransistors (OPTs) using an economical unidirectional floating film transfer method (UFTM) technique to process the poly[2,5-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-5,5-(2,5-di(thien-2-yl) thieno[3,2-b]-thiophene)] (DPP-TTT) active layer. This layer exhibits strong red/NIR absorption within the 600–900 nm spectrum. The devices utilize an ion-conducting lithium alumina (Li-Al2O3) gate dielectric, applied via solution processing, and a semiconducting layer prepared through the FTM method, enabling the deposition of unidirectional organic polymers. The high areal capacitance (410 nf/cm $^{{2}}$ ) of the Li-Al2O3 thin film limits the OPTs’ operating voltage to 2 V. These devices demonstrate high NIR (830 nm) photosensitivity (215%) and photoresponsivity (28.16 A/W) in the accumulation mode. In darkness, the OPTs achieve a saturation mobility ( $\mu _{\max }$ ) of 0.21 cm2/V $\cdot $ s with an on/off ratio of $\sim 10^{{4}}$ , showcasing performance competitive with solution-based phototransistors. Additionally, the threshold voltage ( ${V}_{\text {th}}$ ) shifts from 1.80 to 1.10 V under NIR illumination of $730~\mu $ W/cm2, revealing a strong dependency of the device’s threshold voltage on NIR light intensity.

Renewable energy sources are becoming an increasingly viable alternative energy source for the near future due to increased environmental concerns and increasingly strict energy restrictions. Bioethanol and biodiesel are the most promising biofuel options. In the present study effects of spirulina microalgae biodiesel and diesel blends on compression ignition diesel engines at 1500 r/min utilizing various blends B20, B40, B60, B80, and B100, as well as B0(diesel), 23.5° before top dead centre and 18.5 compression ratio (CR) at 220 bar. The extreme peak pressures of the engine for B0, B20, B40, B60, B80, and B100were 103.13, 101.65, 100.25, 98.90, 96.74, and 94.83 bar, respectively. The percentage reduction in ignition delay duration for B20, B40, B60, B80, and B100was 2.57%, 4.17%, 5.28%, 6.60%, and 8.16% compared to pure diesel. B20proves to be the most promising biodiesel blend. Analysis of variance analysis was done for experimental data. The response surface method was used to optimize the engine performance and emission parameters for load, blend, and CR variations. Optimized input conditions were found as load 52.27, CR 18.5, and blend B20. The research dynamic analysis was carried out for the sustainability of biodiesel.

Neurological disorders pose a challenge for targeted therapy due to restricted access of therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS). Current methods are limited by procedure-related risks, invasiveness, and insufficient CNS biodistribution. A novel percutaneous transvenous technology, currently in clinical trials for communicating hydrocephalus, offers a minimally invasive approach by providing endovascular access to the cerebrospinal fluid-filled cerebellopontine angle (CPA) cistern. We hypothesized that drug delivery to the CPA cistern could yield widespread CNS distribution. Using an ovine model, we compared the biodistribution of scAAV9-CB-GFP following CPA cistern infusion with previously reported cisterna magna (CM) administration. Targeting both the CPA cistern and CM in sheep, we employed a lumbar spine-inserted microcatheter under fluoroscopy. CPA delivery of AAV9 demonstrated biodistribution and transduction in the cerebral cortices, striatum, thalamus, midbrain, cerebellum, and spinal cord, with minor liver distribution comparable to CM. The favorable safety profile in humans with hydrocephalus suggests that percutaneous endovascular injection into the CPA could offer a clinically safer and minimally invasive delivery system for CNS gene and cell-based therapies.

As fusion simulation codes increasingly account for the full geometric complexity of magnetically confined fusion systems, a need arose to provide tailored unstructured mesh technologies to address the specific needs of fusion plasma simulation codes and their coupling to other physics simulation codes. This paper presents a high level overview of a set of unstructured mesh developments that include; methods to effectively employ manufacturing CAD models in the construction of quality analysis model geometries, specialized mesh generation and adaptation tools; an infrastructure to support parallel particle-in-cell calculation on unstructured meshes; and an infrastructure for coupling of massively parallel mesh-based fusion codes.

Rise in population and industrialisation has significantly impacted the fossil fuel reserves at global scale which has given rise to alarming emission levels in the environment. To address these issues, hydrogen is a favourable alternative owing to its high calorific value, high flame speeds, shorter flame quenching distance and clean burning nature. The present review provides a comprehensive coverage of different hydrogen production methods, hydrogen storage techniques and application of hydrogen in CI engines. Comparative assessment studies illustrated that thermal based hydrogen production methods have higher environmental impact than all other methods but are commercially mature, cost competitive than other hydrogen production routes. Storage techniques of hydrogen includes compression, liquification, cryo-compression, physical and chemical based storage methods. Compression based technology for hydrogen storage offers the advantages of being commercially mature, faster filling and release compared to other technologies offering higher volumetric and gravimetric density than compression-based methods at impractical operating conditions. CI engine studies of hydrogen as dual fuel suggested better performance attributes (high BTE and lower BSFC), lower emissions (such as CO, CO2, HC, smoke with slight increment in NOxemissions) and improved combustion (high HRR, in-cylinder temperature & pressure) owing to high flame speed, wider flammability limits, small quenching zone and high diffusivity of hydrogen.

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Electronic Medical Records (E.M.Rs) comprise sensitive and private information of the patients in m-healthcare, and the passing of data across different medical institutions poses severe challenges. Leakage of information could destroy the privacy of the data, and the availability of the data at runtime may be disrupted by the DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) helps overcome the challenges of the trusted decentralized database. It is possible to validate all the stakeholders by a single-step authentication process using distributed ledger technology. In this research paper, the authors have proposed a distributed ledger technology architecture (DLTA) using an m-health digital locker (DL) system and presented the interaction of the different m-healthcare entities with the anticipated model. The authors have designed the mathematical model to enhance the security re-assurance of the DLTA-based m-health DL system. The security analysis of the proposed model is highlighted and compared the same with the non-distributed system architecture. The key factors considered for evaluating the proposed model are network congestion, throughput, average turnaround time, average response time, average waiting time, and network consumption.

We designed and successfully synthesized highly substituted electron-deficient nonplanar Ni(II) porphyrins and their derivatives (1–7) in moderate to good yields. These derivatives were comprehensively characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. SCXRD analysis confirmed the structures of compounds 2, 4, and 7, adopting saddle-shape geometry. These nonplanar porphyrins demonstrated significant bathochromic shifts in their absorption spectra compared to parent NiTPP, attributed to the influence of bulky β-substituents and/or peripheral fusion. π-Extended porphyrins 6and 7displayed panchromatic absorption spectra extending into the NIR region. Porphyrins 6and 7demonstrated a profound anodic shift (∼400 mV) in their first reduction peak potentials compared to precursor NiTPP(NO2)Br6. The experimental absorption spectral pattern matches the simulated absorption spectra obtained from TD-DFT studies. The femtosecond laser intensity-dependent third-order nonlinear optical studies revealed that NiDFP(VCN)2Br6(6) and NiDFP(VCN)2(PE)6(7) displayed giant optical nonlinearities compared to the other porphyrins. Among all, NiDFP(VCN)2Br6(6) possessed the highest two-photon absorption coefficient (β) and cross-section (σTPA) values in the range of 22–33 × 10–10m/W and 3.77–6.95 × 106GM, respectively. These findings suggest that the investigated nonplanar π-extended porphyrins are promising candidates for future optoelectronic applications.