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Separation membranes with underliquid dual superlyophobicity have recently caused widespread concern due to their switchable separation of oil–water mixtures and emulsions. However, the fabrication of the reported underliquid dual superlyophobic membranes is difficult, and the design of the underliquid dual superlyophobic surface of these membranes is challenging because of their complex surface composition. Theoretically, underliquid dual superlyophobicity is an underliquid Cassie state attainable by the synergy of the underliquid dual lyophobic surface and the construction of a high-roughness surface. Herein, we fabricated an underliquid dual superlyophobic membrane by combining underliquid dual lyophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and TiO2nanowires. PVDF-modified TiO2nanowire membranes with underliquid dual superlyophobicity were prepared via a simple adsorption and filtration approach. PVDF was coated onto TiO2nanowires to form a PVDF layer with a thickness of 6 nm. The PVDF modification provided flexibility to the fragile TiO2nanowires membrane and changed its wettability from underwater superoleophobicity/underoil superhydrophilicity to underliquid dual superlyophobicity. The PVDF-modified TiO2nanowires membrane efficiently separated both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions. The binary cooperative effect between the TiO2nanowires and the coated PVDF layer was responsible for the underliquid dual superlyophobicity.

•Core-shell NH2-MIL-125@TAPB-PDA hybrids are synthesized by a seed growth method.•The COF shell acts like an appropriate light-harvest material to promote visible light absorption.•The strong covalent-bond connection promotes charge-carrier transfer and the efficiency of separation.•NH2-MIL-125@TAPB-PDA-3 shows high activity and stability in photooxidation of aromatic alcohols.

The heterostructure Ag@WO3–x(x=0.1 or 1) composites with high selectivity for breaking azo-bond were obtained by in situreduction of Ag2WO4. The crystal structure and morphology of Ag@WO3–xwere characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM). The residue solution of methyl orange(MO) after degradation was tested by gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GCMS) to analyze the exact components. The results indicate that the products after degradation are N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and sulfanilic acid. This is caused by specific breaking of azo-bond in MO. The azo-bond breaking of MO by Ag@WO3–xcould occur in dark without any light illumination. Therefore, we proposed a possible mechanism for this azo-bond breaking reaction based on the reaction condition and results.

The cubic phase WO3−xwith two-dimensional nanosheet structure is prepared at a relative low temperature through thermal decomposition method. The starting material and decomposition environment are the key factors to obtain the cubic phase WO3−x. The cubic crystal structure is stabilized by the large amounts of oxygen vacancies. The dark blue cubic WO3−xexhibits electrocatalysis performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic solution (an overpotential −294 mV at the current density of 10 mA/cm2). The cubic phase WO3−xshows good photothermal stability with eminent photothermal conversion effect (photothermal conversion efficiency is 48.7% at 808 nm).

Magnetic Fe3O4nanospheres with a average diameter of (201±0.5) nm were synthesized at 200 °C viaa solvothermal method. The as-synthesized Fe3O4nanospheres performed an efficiency in the Fenton degradation of xylenol orange with a degradation rate of 90%—95%. Additionally, the catalyst was easily recyclable and the recovery rate was greater than 90%. Moreover, the catalyst could be regenerated under an ultrasonic treatment, and the degradation performance remained essentially the same. More importantly, the degradation rate varied with respect to the amount of H2O2and the pH of the best reaction process. And the reaction efficiency was achieved with 1.5 mL of H2O2in an acidic environment.

•Photothermal distillation membrane with good performance was fabricated by treating Cu(OH)2Nanoarray with Na2S solution, whose photothermal conversion efficiency reached up to 81 %.•Superhydrophilic glass and superhydrophobic aluminum was obtained by simple modification.•A highly efficient solar distiller with 66% water collection efficiency was configured by the photothermal conversion membrane, superhydrophilic glass and superhydrophobic aluminum.

We report the successful construction of plasmonic core–satellite nanostructured assemblies on two-dimensional substrates, based on a strategy of combining DNA-functionalized plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) with the specific recognition ability toward target to enable satellite NPs to self-assemble around the core immobilized on substrates. A strongly coupled plasmonic resonance band was observed because of the close proximity between core and satellite NPs, which presented significant red-shift and enhanced extinction with respect to the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band of individual core NPs on the substrate. The functionality of this core–satellite nanostructured assembly as a biosensor was further explored, and the changes in extinction intensity and the peak shift of the plasmonic coupling resonance band arising from the probe-target DNA binding event all proved to be useful criteria for target DNA detection. Moreover, high selectivity down to single-base mismatched DNA was achieved using this strongly coupled plasmonic core–satellite nanostructured assembly on a substrate. Such substrate-based detection was advantageous, and its reusability and high cycle stability were demonstrated after five cycles of disassembly and reassembly. Our work demonstrates the biosensing capacity of this DNA-functionalized plasmonic nanoassembly model system on two-dimensional substrate, which is also applicable to the detection of numerous DNA-recognized biomolecules. Likewise, the presented construction method can be extended to fabricate other compositional core–satellite nanoassemblies.

A facile approach was developed to prepare highly dispersed TiO2nanoparticles with selected phase. The crystallization phase of the nanoparticles can be easily tuned from anatase to rutile by the dosage of hydrochloric acid in the reaction system. The crystallite size of the as-prepared anatase TiO2nanoparticles was ca. 3.2 nm with high dispersion. A transparent TiO2colloid was obtained by dispersing the as-prepared anatase TiO2nanoparticles in deionized water without any organic additives added. The concentration of TiO2-H2O colloid can be as high as 1600 g/L. The optical transmittance of TiO2-H2O colloid with a low concentration was nearly 100% in the visible region. Furthermore, anatase TiO2nanoparticles(TiO2-NPs) showed superior photocatalytic performance compared to rutile TiO2-NPs.

Two supramolecular compounds [Cu(imz)2][Cu(phen)(imz)]2{[Cu(phen)]2[PMo6VIMo6VV2IVO42]}(1) and [Co2(2,2′-bpy)4(C2O4)][Co(2,2′-bpy)3][PMo7VIMo5VV2IVO42](2,2′-bpy)0.5·H2O(2)(phen=1,10′-phenanthroline, imz= imidazole, 2,2′-bpy=2.2′-bipyridine) have been synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectrum, UV-Vis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), electron spin resonance(ESR) spectra, thermogravimetry analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that both the compounds represent the examples of compounds based on the bi-capped Keggin polyoxoanion {PMo12V2O42} and transition metal mixed-organic-ligand coordination complexes. Compound 1consists of bi-capped Keggin polyoxoanion [PMo12V2O42]5−supported copper coordination groups, which are further inter-connected with two types of copper complex fragments forming a 3D supramolecular framework via π⋯πstacking, C-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrothermal bonding interactions. Compound 2is a new hybrid consisted of polyoxoanion [PMo12V2O42]4−, [Co2(2,2′-bpy)4(C2O4)]2+and [Co(2,2′-bpy)3]2+. There are no direct interactions in compound 2, but the polyoxoanions together with two different cobalt complex groups construct a 3D supramolecular network through C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding interactions.

CuZn hydroxyl double salts (CuZn–HDS) were prepared using the same synthesis method of LHZS by adding a copper source. When tested as adsorbents for methyl orange (MO) removal, CuZn–HDS exhibited better performance than layered hydroxyl zinc salt (LHZS). CuZn-1 had a surface area of 33.8 m2g−1and displayed a maximum adsorption capacity of 847 mg g−1for MO, which made it a potentially attractive adsorbent in water purification. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption isotherm has been satisfactorily fitted using the Langmuir model. The adsorption mechanism for MO on CuZn-1 was also investigated.

The α‐arylation of ketones with aryl halides catalyzed by the easily prepared and air‐stable palladium complex (SIPr)Pd(Py)Cl2(3) is described. Complex 3displays high activity for a variety of aryl halides (activated, unactivated, and sterically hindered aryl halides) under mild conditions. Moreover, both aryl and alkyl ketones can be arylated. The α‐arylation of some alkyl ketones can even be run at room temperature. The mono‐ or diarylated products of the unhindered dialkyl ketone 3‐pentanone could be controlled by temperature and the ratio of ketones to aryl halides.

A novel CaNb2O6hierarchical micronanostructure was successfully fabricated under mild hydrothermal conditions in the absence of templates or organic additives. In this hierarchical micronanostructure, the nanosheets grow vertically on the surface of the onedimensional microneedles whose axial direction is along the caxis, and the single crystalline nanosheets are parallel to the 020 planes. A twostep nucleation–growth mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of the CaNb2O6hierarchical micronanostructure, based on the observation of a timedependent morphology evolution process. The hierarchically structured CaNb2O6exhibits a stronger enhancement of photocatalytic activity in the degradation of rhodamine B RhB than other morphological CaNb2O6samples, such as nanoparticles, nanoribbons, and microneedles. This simple hydrothermal method provides a new general approach for the synthesis of potentially useful niobates.

A series of ZnS nanostructures with controllable crystal phase and morphology were synthesized by a solvothermal method using Zn(NCS) 2(C 5H 5N) 2as a precursor. Nanospheres, microflowers, and microspheres assembled with hexagonal or cubic nanocrystals were obtained in different solvents. Phase evolution of ZnS in polyols was also discussed. Hexagonal ZnS is stable in polyols with neighboring hydroxyl, whereas cubic ZnS is stable in polyols without neighboring hydroxyl. The ligation of hydroxyl groups with Zn atoms on the surface of ZnS is responsible for the phase evolution of ZnS in polyols.

Two-dimensional ZnO nanostructures have been prepared with nanoparticles as building blocks either by a solvothermal method or a liquid transport process at room temperature. ZnO nanoparticles can agglomerate into particulate nanosheets with area size in the micrometer range by directly heating in n-hexane. A stack of ultrathin ZnO particulate nanosheets can be obtained via two-dimensional aggregation of nanoparticles when the vapor−liquid−solid interface acts as a template at room temperature. The products are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption isotherm, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The formation mechanism of ZnO nanostructures is discussed.

Cuprous oxide hollow nanospheres were prepared by heating a solution of copper acetate and hydrazine as a reductant in 2-propanol at reflux. The size distribution of the nanospheres is mainly in the range 100–200 nm. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM. The results indicated that the Cu2O hollow nanospheres aggregated from small nanoparticles with an average size of ca. 6.6 nm. The UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum indicated that the optical absorption edge of the hollow Cu2O nanospheres is redshifted relative to their solid counterparts. The influence of the reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature, reaction time, and the amount of water, on the formation of the nanospheres as well as their morphology were studied. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)

ZnO nanowires with diameters in the range of 10 to 30 nm and lengths of ca. several micrometers are prepared with the use of ZnO nanoparticles as building blocks. The length and diameter of the ZnO nanowires can be controlled by the variation of the concentration of the nanoparticles in the orientation attachment process. A plausible mechanism for the concentration-controlled orientation attachment process is suggested. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)

A novel complex oxide with V(IV, V) mixed valence, HxV2Zr2O9·H2O, has been hydrothermally synthesized in a V2O5–ZrO2–H2O system at 240°C for 5 days; NaF was used as a mineralizer. The product crystallizes in a monoclinic system with cell parametersa=0.940(4) nm,b=1.156(8) nm,c=0.636(3) nm, β=104.1(7)°, andV=0.671(2) nm3. The vanadium in the product appears in mixed valence IV and V, which was evidenced by electron paramagnetic resonance analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the product dehydrated and underwent phase transformations in air and N2in the temperature range 500∼600°C.

The prepared catalysts consisted of REY zeolite (15 wt.-%) and kaolin clay. The preparation was performed by hydrothermal hot pressing (HHP) at different temperatures, and the catalytic cracking and physicochemical properties of these samples have been investigated intensively. The catalytic conversion and selectivity for gasoline in the pentadecane and heavy oil cracking on these samples treated by HHP at different temperatures (25–220°C) varied significantly, in contrast to those on the sample without HHP treatment. In particular, the catalyst treated at 170°C exhibited high catalytic activity and selectivity for gasoline, low coke formation, and high compressive strength. These results suggest that HHP may be important for preparing cracking catalysts with high catalytic conversion and low price as a new route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that the REY zeolite in the catalysts was stable during the HHP at temperature from 25 to 170°C, and increasing the temperature to 220°C resulted in partial destruction of REY zeolite crystalline. Characterization of physicochemical properties showed that the density, compressive strength, and the most probable pore diameter of the various samples increased with the HHP temperature. The surface area of various samples basically remained the same at the HHP temperature of 25–170°C, and the surface area decreased remarkably by increasing the HHP temperature to 220°C. IR spectra of pyridine adsorbed on these showed that there were both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites, and the TPD-NH3 studies indicated that the acid strength increased. The relative difference in the catalytic performance for cracking reactions is discussed, and is assigned to the following possible factors: (A) the variation in the acid types such as Brønsted and Lewis sites, acid concentration, and acid strength; (B) the destruction of REY zeolite crystallites; (C) the change in some physicochemical properties.

Aryl halides bearing electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing groups can be used in combination with urotropin and CuCl or CuI.

A series of the title compounds (VI), precusors of N‐heterocyclic carbenes, is efficiently obtained under mild reaction conditions starting from L‐phenylalanine.

A monoligated Pd‐complex is shown to be an excellent precursor for a NHC catalyst to improve the C—S coupling of various aryl halides with thiophenol and benzyl mercaptan.

A series of the title compounds (III) is efficiently obtained via reaction of N‐arylimidazoles (I) with less expensive dialkyl chlorides.

The complex is catalytically highly active in the cross‐coupling reaction of phenyl halides (I) with phenylthiol.

The N‐heterocyclic carbene complex PAL displays high activity for activated, unactivated, and sterically hindered aryl chlorides and bromides in the reaction with aryl or alkyl ketones.

The title compounds are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of La(NO3)3, CrCl3, Fe(NO3)3, and KOH with various initial Fe/Cr ratios and KOH contents (autoclave, 513 K, 5 d) and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, and magnetization measurements.

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