933 results on '"Smith, Kevin"'
Search Results
2. Heartwood and Heart Rot, Part II: Heart Rot – Is It Serious?
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LULEY, CHRISTOPHER J. and SMITH, KEVIN T.
- Abstract
Heart rot, which is the decay of wood in the center of a tree, is a common condition in both young and older street and landscape trees. However, it usually does not threaten the stability or longevity of the tree. While heart rot can result in tree failures and affect pruning and removal operations, most urban trees can survive many years with heart rot and are more likely to succumb to other factors. Arborists should be aware that some decay fungi can invade and decay healthy sapwood, which can have a greater impact on tree stability. The spread of heart rot fungi primarily occurs through spores and mycelial fragments, and arborists can reduce heartwood exposure by using proper pruning techniques. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
3. Synthesis and Regioselective Functionalization of Tetrafluorobenzo-[α]-Fused BOPYPY Dyes.
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Oloo, Sebastian O., Zhang, Guanyu, Bobadova-Parvanova, Petia, Al Horani, Seleen, Al Horani, Masa, Fronczek, Frank R., Smith, Kevin M., and Vicente, Maria da Graça H.
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- 2024
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4. Nosocomial Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
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Marty, Daisy, Sorum, Kirsten, Smith, Kevin, Nicoski, Pamela, Al-Sayyed, Ban, and Amin, Sachin
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- 2024
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5. Synthesis and Regioselective Functionalization of Tetrafluorobenzo-[α]-Fused BOPYPY Dyes
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Oloo, Sebastian O., Zhang, Guanyu, Bobadova-Parvanova, Petia, Al Horani, Seleen, Al Horani, Masa, Fronczek, Frank R., Smith, Kevin M., and Vicente, Maria da Graça H.
- Abstract
The synthesis of a new bis-BF2tetrafluorobenzo-[α]-fused BOPYPY dye from 4,5,6,7-tetrafluoroisoindole and 2-hydrazinopyrazine is reported. The regioselectivity of nucleophilic substitution reactions at the periphery of the tetrafluorinated BOPYPY and its α-bromo derivative were investigated using N-, O-, S-, and C-based nucleophiles. Among the aromatic fluorine atoms, the F2atom is consistently regioselectively substituted, except when the α-position contains a thiophenol group; in this case, F4is substituted instead due to stabilizing π–π-stacking between the two aromatic groups. The α-bromo BOPYPY derivative also reacts under Stille cross-coupling reaction conditions to produce the corresponding α-substituted product. The spectroscopic properties of these new fluorinated BOPYPYs were investigated and compared with nonfluorinated analogs.
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- 2024
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6. Registration of CDL‐111 and CDL‐167 oat germplasm lines with pyramided adult plant crown rust resistance
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Nazareno, Eric S., Caspers, Roger, Caffe, Melanie, Smith, Kevin, Rines, Howard W., and Kianian, Shahryar F.
- Abstract
Oat (Avena sativaL.) production worldwide is constrained by crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronataf. sp. avenae), which can cause significant yield losses. The disease is often controlled by spraying fungicides or planting resistant cultivars. Developing host resistance, however, is a challenge due to the high genetic variability of the pathogen. Race‐specific resistance usually succumbs to new races in just a few years. As such, the USDA‐ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory developed mapping populations to identify adult plant resistance (APR) loci from Avena sativadonors. Resistant lines from the mapping populations were selected and crossed with buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticaL.) nursery selection lines BT1020‐1‐1 and BT1021‐1‐1, which possess a different gene for crown rust resistance derived from Avena strigosa. From the crosses, CDL‐111 (Reg. no. GP‐122, PI 702639) and CDL‐167 (Reg. no. GP‐123, PI 702640), both containing three APR quantitative trait loci, were selected as germplasm for resistance breeding. High‐throughput markers for selection were developed and implemented in pyramiding the APR loci. Oat crown rust is a devastating disease worldwide.Breeding for host resistance is economical and environmentally friendly.Race‐specific crown rust resistance is short lived in the field.Pyramiding APR loci may provide durable resistance to crown rust.
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- 2024
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7. Genotype × environment interactions of organic winter naked barley for agronomic, disease, and grain quality traits
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Kunze, Karl H., Meints, Brigid, Massman, Chris, Gutiérrez, Lucia, Hayes, Patrick M., Smith, Kevin P., and Sorrells, Mark E.
- Abstract
The modeling of genotype × environment interactions (GEI) is important to understand how new crops perform in different environments and management systems. Naked barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) is a type of barley where the hull threshes freely from the grain and can be used for multiple end uses, including food, malt, and animal feed. We examined the performance of a winter naked barley trial grown in organic conditions across three regions and 3 years in northern latitude regions of the United States. We recorded yield, test weight, heading date, plant height, threshability, winter survival, barley stripe rust (Puccinia striiformisf. sp. hordeiWestend), barley scald (Rhynchosporium communeZaffarano, McDonald and Linde sp. nov), and spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus, anamorph Bipolaris sorokiniana(S. Ito & Kurib.). Barley stripe rust, plant height, heading date, preharvest sprouting, and threshability had high heritability and low GEI. Grain yield, test weight, scald, and winter survival had high GEI and were analyzed using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, genotype plus GEI biplot (GGE), and Finlay–Wilkinson (FW) stability analysis. The environmental patterns explained by the AMMI and GGE models indicated that selection for high GEI traits should occur within target environments and across multiple years within the target environments. Environmental groups were separated by Oregon as the first group and Wisconsin and New York as the second group. Barley stripe rust, plant height, heading date, preharvest sprouting, and threshability had high heritability and low genotype × environment interactions.Grain yield, test weight, scald, and winter survival had high genotype × environment interaction effects.Environmental groupings were separated into OR as the first group and NY and WI as the second group.
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- 2024
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8. Two-Step Bio-Oil Upgrading Using Carbon-Supported Mo2C Catalysts.
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Wang, Haiyan, Liu, Shida, Dai, Yiling, Kim, Chang Soo, and Smith, Kevin J.
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- 2024
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9. Dual Seminorms, Ergodic Coefficients and Semicontraction Theory
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De Pasquale, Giulia, Smith, Kevin D., Bullo, Francesco, and Valcher, Maria Elena
- Abstract
Dynamical systems that are contracting on a subspace are said to be semicontracting. Semicontraction theory is a useful tool in the study of consensus algorithms and dynamical flow systems such as Markov chains. To develop a comprehensive theory of semicontracting systems, we investigate seminorms on vector spaces and define two canonical notions: Projection and distance seminorms. We show that the well-known
ergodic coefficients are induced matrix seminorms and play a central role in stability problems. In particular, we formulate a duality theorem that explains why the Markov–Dobrushin coefficient is the rate of contraction for both averaging and conservation flows in discrete time. Moreover, we obtain parallel results for induced matrix logarithmic seminorms. Finally, we propose comprehensive theorems for strong semicontractivity of linear and nonlinear time-varying dynamical systems with invariance and conservation properties both in discrete and continuous time.$\ell _{p}$ - Published
- 2024
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10. All that glitters isn’t calcite: a research update on crystalline artifacts from the Middle Cumberland Region
- Author
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Moore, Michael C., Smith, Kevin E., Deter-Wolf, Aaron, Beahm, Emily L., and Bow, Sierra M.
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ABSTRACTThis report offers updated information from crystalline artifact research results initially presented in 2014 by Michael C. Moore and colleagues. At that time, worked and raw crystal items from four Mississippian sites in the Middle Cumberland Region of Tennessee were assessed by the Tennessee Geological Survey as calcite through visual techniques. Subsequent analysis using Fiber Optic Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) has determined these specimens are, in fact, fluorite. The known sample of six worked crystal artifacts in 2014 has also increased by 50% through the recent discovery of two earplugs and one bead from three Mississippian period sites. FORS analysis determined these three artifacts to be fluorite as well.
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- 2024
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11. Piriform Rim Asymmetry in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients Before Orthognathic Surgery.
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Ritto, Fabio G., Mealy, Tyler, Canellas, João Vitor, Padwa, Bonnie L., and Smith, Kevin S.
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Complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) creates a continuity defect on the nasal floor, which contributes to nasal asymmetry. Traditionally, piriform rim symmetry has been evaluated by comparing cleft and noncleft sides. No study has compared the magnitude of perinasal asymmetry in UCLP patients with a control group of patients without clefts. To address the following question: In UCLP patients, whose alveolar clefts are reconstructed with alveolar bone grafts (ABGs), is the magnitude of remaining piriform rim asymmetry similar to that of patients without UCLP? This is a retrospective cohort study that used the cone beam computed tomography of UCLP and non-UCLP patients to evaluate the piriform rim symmetry. The sample was derived from patients who presented for orthognathic surgery between January 2015 and December 2022. To be included, patients had to have a maxillary deficiency. The cleft group had ABG performed with symphyseal bone harvest and bone morphogenetic protein application. Patients were excluded from the control group if they had clinical asymmetry and nasal septum deviation. Patients from the UCLP group were excluded if they failed the first attempt of ABG or had a syndrome. Preorthognathic cone beam computed tomography was used to measure the distance from the inferior and lateral aspects of the piriform rim to reference lines. UCLP status grouped as present or absent (control). The magnitude of piriform rim asymmetry defined as the millimetric distance from the inferior and lateral aspects of the piriform rim to reference lines. The covariates were age, sex, tissue thickness at the level of the alar base, and turbinate size. Welch's two-sample t-test was utilized to compare means. A level of significance of 5% (P <.05) was used for all analyses. To analyze the reliability of the measurements intraexaminer and interexaminer errors were tested using the Weir method. A total of 60 patients were included, 30 in each group. The mean age of UCLP patients was 16.76 (range 13 to 25), and the control group was 17 (range 13 to 25), P =.71. The UCLP group had 12 girls, and the control had 18 girls (P =.12). In the UCLP group, the mean discrepancy between affected and unaffected sides at the inferior aspect of the piriform rim was 3.9 mm (range 0.9 to 7 mm, P <.01), and in the control group the discrepancy between right and left sides was 0.1 mm (0-2.1 mm, P =.87). The mean discrepancy between affected and unaffected sides at the lateral aspect of the piriform rim was 3.6 mm (range 0.7 to 7.6 mm, P <.01) in the UCLP group, and in the control group the discrepancy between right and left sides was 0.1 mm (range 0.1 to 5.8 mm, P =.78) in the control group. The mean alar base soft tissue thickness discrepancy was 3.1 mm (range 0.9 to 7.9 mm, P <.01) in the UCLP group and 0 mm (range −1.8 to 1.9 mm, P =.97) in the control group. The mean difference in the turbinate area in the UCLP group was 314 mm
2 (range 797 to 2,898) and in the control group 35 mm2 (range 702 to 2,302) (P =.19). ABG with symphyseal bone and bone morphogenetic protein was not able to provide the same level of piriform symmetry observed in patients without a cleft. Alar base tissue was thicker on the cleft side, and the turbinate size demonstrated greater variability in the UCLP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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12. Grasping the nettle: the central–local constraints on local government funding in England
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Muldoon-Smith, Kevin and Sandford, Mark
- Abstract
ABSTRACTIn England, the traditional method of central government redistribution and equalization between locations has been replaced with a greater emphasis on self-sufficiency and entrepreneurism. English local government now faces existential funding questions – a situation that is repeated around the world as the public sector manages the fallout from the Covid-19 pandemic. Financialization has figured large in the study of entrepreneurial behaviour. However, in England, legal and procedural constraints have driven authorities to seek revenue funding from other sources, principally seeking additional property-related revenues. In response, this article presents a novel typology of local government funding sources and offers an original analysis of their implications for local authorities’ role. The empirical findings show that the buoyancy and quantum of many funding sources are constrained by prior evolution of location and central–local relations: they are not automatic routes to financialization. Conceptually, these findings reveal that methods of financialization, and the local government funding system within which they typically sit, are as likely to be constrained by the evolution and techniques of governance as they are accelerated by it. International debates around financialization, and wider concerns of how locations develop, would benefit from this account of the often-hidden nature and agency of local government funding systems.
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- 2023
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13. On Exponential Utility and Conditional Value-at-Risk as Risk-Averse Performance Criteria
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Smith, Kevin M. and Chapman, Margaret P.
- Abstract
The standard approach to risk-averse control is to use the exponential utility (EU) functional, which has been studied for several decades. Like other risk-averse utility functionals, EU encodes risk aversion through an increasing convex mapping
$\varphi $ $y$ $Y$ $\varphi (y)$ $\varphi (Y)$ $\varphi (y) = \exp (({-\theta }/{2})y)$ $\varphi ^{-1}(E(\varphi (Y)))$ $Y$ $Y$ $Y$ $E(|Y|)$ $Y$ $\alpha $ $Y$ $\alpha \cdot 100\%$ - Published
- 2023
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14. The indoor environmental quality and energy savings potential of room ventilation units compared to exhaust-only ventilation systems in France
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Filis, Vasileios, Smith, Kevin Michael, Kolarik, Jakub, Kuznik, Frédéric, and Merlier, Lucie
- Abstract
AbstractHumidity-controlled mechanical exhaust ventilation (RH-MEV) has been widely used in France for over 35 years, demonstrating high durability and robustness. This exhaust-only ventilation strategy is widely used as an energy-saving measure, replacing constant mechanical exhaust ventilation (Constant-MEV) systems in residential buildings. It demonstrates energy savings due to the restricted airflows, but as a downside, the building’s indoor air quality (IAQ) often deteriorates. Moreover, it is impossible to recover heat with exhaust-only ventilation systems, which means that energy consumption for space heating is still quite significant and cold supply air temperatures are frequently introduced to the heated spaces. Room ventilation units (RVUs) with heat recovery represent an alternative ventilation solution allowing simple installation through the façade and providing fresh outdoor air and exhaust ventilation to each room. This study investigates these units’ energy saving potential and indoor environmental quality performance as an alternative solution to centralized exhaust-only ventilation systems. The dynamic simulations were performed for a reference residential building under various French climatic conditions for a heating season. The three ventilation strategies investigated were Constant-MEV, RH-MEV and room-based ventilation with RVUs. The results demonstrated 61–85% savings in space heating demand with the RVUs, compared to Constant-MEV under all climatic conditions. Compared to RH-MEV, the RVUs saved 44–75% energy for space heating while the CO2concentration and relative humidity levels were decreased due to RVUs’ constant air exchange rate. In all cases, RVUs provided considerably higher supply air temperatures due to the implemented heat recovery, which can potentially improve indoor thermal comfort.
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- 2023
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15. Effect of interproximal home oral hygiene on clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers in patients receiving periodontal maintenance.
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Moore, Grace C., Smith, Kevin T., Christiansen, Mary M., Anderson, Laura, Moravec, Lisa J., Okano, David K., Samson, Kaeli K., Ramer‐Tait, Amanda, Beede, Kristin, Reinhardt, Richard A., and Killeen, Amy C.
- Abstract
Background: The purpose of this 6‐week, single‐blinded, randomized clinical trial was to determine if the use of an interproximal brush, with or without a tracking device, is more effective than an oral irrigator in improving interproximal probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and inflammatory markers. Methods: Seventy‐six patients with Stages III–IV, Grade B periodontitis and a 5–7 mm posterior interproximal PD with BOP were randomized: (1) interproximal brush alone (IB; n = 26), (2) interproximal brush with tracking device (TD; n = 23), (3) oral irrigator (OI; n = 27). Participants used devices once daily for 6 weeks. Clinical measurements (PD, CAL, PI, BOP, GI) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected at baseline and 6 weeks. Results: All groups showed a significant reduction in PD and CAL (≥1.1 mm, p < 0.0001) and improvement in BOP (≥56%, p < 0.0001) and GI (≥82%, p < 0.001) at the experimental site with no differences among groups. The IB and IB+TD groups showed a significant reduction in PI (≥0.9, p ≤ 0.01). Interleukin (IL)‐1β was reduced in all groups (p = 0.006), but IB+TB more than OI (p ≤ 0.05). IL‐10 was reduced among all groups (p = 0.01), while interferon‐gamma significantly increased (p = 0.01) in all groups. Conclusions: IB and OI improved clinical parameters of PD and CAL and reduced inflammatory markers (BOP, GI, GCF IL‐1β). IB had better interproximal plaque reduction. Tracking did not significantly improve clinical parameters compared with the IB and OI groups, suggesting future modifications are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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16. Engineering Morphology and Ni Substitution of NixCo3–xO4 Spinel Oxides to Promote Catalytic Combustion of Ethane: Elucidating the Influence of Oxygen Defects.
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Liu, Shida, Wang, Haiyan, Wang, Shuang, Dai, Yiling, Liu, Bing, Liu, Yi, Dang, Feixiong, Smith, Kevin J., Nie, Xiaowa, Hou, Shuandi, and Guo, Xinwen
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- 2023
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17. Effect of interproximal home oral hygiene on clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers in patients receiving periodontal maintenance
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Moore, Grace C., Smith, Kevin T., Christiansen, Mary M., Anderson, Laura, Moravec, Lisa J., Okano, David K., Samson, Kaeli K., Ramer‐Tait, Amanda, Beede, Kristin, Reinhardt, Richard A., and Killeen, Amy C.
- Abstract
The purpose of this 6‐week, single‐blinded, randomized clinical trial was to determine if the use of an interproximal brush, with or without a tracking device, is more effective than an oral irrigator in improving interproximal probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and inflammatory markers. Seventy‐six patients with Stages III–IV, Grade B periodontitis and a 5–7 mm posterior interproximal PD with BOP were randomized: (1) interproximal brush alone (IB; n= 26), (2) interproximal brush with tracking device (TD; n= 23), (3) oral irrigator (OI; n= 27). Participants used devices once daily for 6 weeks. Clinical measurements (PD, CAL, PI, BOP, GI) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected at baseline and 6 weeks. All groups showed a significant reduction in PD and CAL (≥1.1 mm, p< 0.0001) and improvement in BOP (≥56%, p< 0.0001) and GI (≥82%, p< 0.001) at the experimental site with no differences among groups. The IB and IB+TD groups showed a significant reduction in PI (≥0.9, p≤ 0.01). Interleukin (IL)‐1β was reduced in all groups (p= 0.006), but IB+TB more than OI (p≤ 0.05). IL‐10 was reduced among all groups (p= 0.01), while interferon‐gamma significantly increased (p= 0.01) in all groups. IB and OI improved clinical parameters of PD and CAL and reduced inflammatory markers (BOP, GI, GCF IL‐1β). IB had better interproximal plaque reduction. Tracking did not significantly improve clinical parameters compared with the IB and OI groups, suggesting future modifications are needed.
- Published
- 2023
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18. Real-Space Infrared Spectroscopy of Ferroelectric Domain Walls in Multiferroic h‑(Lu,Sc)FeO3.
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Smith, Kevin A., Ramkumar, Sriram P., Du, Kai, Xu, Xianghan, Cheong, Sang-Wook, Gilbert Corder, Stephanie N., Bechtel, Hans A., Nowadnick, Elizabeth A., and Musfeldt, Janice L.
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- 2023
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19. Active Control of Plasmonic–Photonic Interactions in a Microbubble Cavity.
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Pan, Feng, Karlsson, Kristoffer, Nixon, Austin G., Hogan, Levi T., Ward, Jonathan M., Smith, Kevin C., Masiello, David J., Nic Chormaic, Síle, and Goldsmith, Randall H.
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- 2022
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20. Course-based undergraduate research experiences are a viable approach to increase access to research experiences in biology
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Smith, Kevin P.W., Waddell, Edward A., Dean, Annette N., Anandan, Shivanthi, Gurney, Susan, Kabnick, Karen, Little, Joy, McDonald, Matthew, Mohan, Jaya, Marenda, Daniel R., and Stanford, Jennifer S.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTCourse-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) have been described as a mechanism to allow more undergraduates to engage in research experiences. To understand whether CUREs are viable to scale-up undergraduate access to research experiences, it is essential to carefully evaluate whether CUREs promote comparable self-reported outcomes for students and are less resource intensive than undergraduate research internships. In comparing student outcomes from four distinct CUREs to outcomes from students engaged in a summer research programme in the biology department at one institution, we found that students in both experiences self-report comparable gains on all items studied using the Undergraduate Research Student Self-Assessment tool. CURE students report similar levels of satisfaction with aspects of research experiences, such as amount of time spent conducting research and working with a mentor, compared with students engaged in the summer research programme. The CUREs studied here are less resource intensive than the summer research programme, and still led to comparable self-reported outcomes. These courses increased the number of biology undergraduates able to engage in research experiences, suggesting that CUREs are a viable option to expand access to research experiences that promote expected learning outcomes in a more efficient way.
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- 2023
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21. Romanticism Strait: Coloniality and Liminality in Im Hwa's Maritime Poetry
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Smith, Kevin Michael
- Abstract
Abstract:This article examines the colonial-era poet and critic Im Hwa's (林和 1908–1953) maritime literary trope of Hyŏnhaet'an (玄海灘), the strait separating the Korean peninsula from the Japanese archipelago, as it encompasses Korea's contradictory peripheral location within the Japanese empire. Im Hwa's repeated invocations of this body of water served as a channel for navigating the escalating pressures of colonial censorship, in which the romanticized, masculinist figure of the valiant "youth" (ch'ŏngnyŏn) substituted for the former working-class protagonist from Im's esteemed "short narrative poems" (tanp'yŏn sŏsasi) during the heyday of the proletarian literary movement. Further, Im's fixation on the vicissitudes of the seafaring journey across the strait can be said to articulate the precarious position occupied by Korean colonial subjects of the Japanese emperor, neither permitted full assimilation nor capable of enduring perpetual subjugation as second-class citizens. The article concludes by exploring how the liminality of passage across Hyŏnhaet'an exemplifies both the tensions between nationalism and social class in the revised geopolitical contours of Im's anti-colonial, oceanic imagination, what he eloquently referred to as a "new map of the peninsula" (pando ŭi sae chido).
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- 2023
22. Heartwood and Heart Rot, Part 1: Are they Important to Arborists?
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SMITH, KEVIN T., LULEY, CHRISTOPHER J., and DRAVES, THOMAS
- Published
- 2023
23. Technology development of a solid state 266 nm laser for NASA’s Dragonfly mission
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Clarkson, W. Andrew, Shori, Ramesh K., Mullin, Matthew W., Coyle, D. Barry, Stysley, Paul R., Trainer, Melissa G., Hersh, Michael J., James, Bryan L., Frese, Erich A., Ramu, Guruthisvaran, Washington, Kristen A., Thomes, W. Joe, Lyness, Eric I., Lander, Juan R., Ersahin, M. Akif, Mule, Pete D., Bae, Daniel G., Barfknecht, Peter W., Smith, Kevin A., Matyseck, Marc J., Petry, Timothy A., Kaur, Amandeep, Halaburda, William J., Bartel, Jackie I., Kienzle, Keith A., Rodriguez Perez, Alejandro, Lauenstein, Jean-Marie, and Chuska, Richard F.
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- 2023
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24. Heart Rate Variability Analysis May Identify Individuals With Williams-Beuren Syndrome at Risk of Sudden Death
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Levin, Mark D., Cathey, Brianna M., Smith, Kevin, Osgood, Sharon, Raja, Neelam, Fu, Yi-Ping, and Kozel, Beth A.
- Abstract
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #194050) is a rare genetic multisystem disorder resulting from a chromosomal microdeletion at 7q11.23. The condition is characterized by distinct facies, intellectual disability, and supravalvar aortic stenosis. Those with WBS have an increased risk of sudden death, but mechanisms underlying this phenotype are incompletely understood.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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25. Romanticism Strait: Coloniality and Liminality in Im Hwa’s Maritime Poetry
- Author
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Smith, Kevin Michael
- Abstract
This article examines the colonial-era poet and critic Im Hwa’s (林和 1908–1953) maritime literary trope of Hyŏnhaet’an (玄海灘), the strait separating the Korean peninsula from the Japanese archipelago, as it encompasses Korea’s contradictory peripheral location within the Japanese empire. Im Hwa’s repeated invocations of this body of water served as a channel for navigating the escalating pressures of colonial censorship, in which the romanticized, masculinist figure of the valiant “youth” (ch’ŏngnyŏn) substituted for the former working-class protagonist from Im’s esteemed “short narrative poems” (tanp’yŏn sŏsasi) during the heyday of the proletarian literary movement. Further, Im’s fixation on the vicissitudes of the seafaring journey across the strait can be said to articulate the precarious position occupied by Korean colonial subjects of the Japanese emperor, neither permitted full assimilation nor capable of enduring perpetual subjugation as second-class citizens. The article concludes by exploring how the liminality of passage across Hyŏnhaet’an exemplifies both the tensions between nationalism and social class in the revised geopolitical contours of Im’s anti-colonial, oceanic imagination, what he eloquently referred to as a “new map of the peninsula” (pando ŭi sae chido).
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Genomic prediction of threshability in naked barley
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Massman, Chris, Meints, Brigid, Hernandez, Javier, Kunze, Karl, Smith, Kevin P., Sorrells, Mark E., Hayes, Patrick M., and Gutierrez, Lucia
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Threshability, defined here as the propensity of grains to lose their hull after harvest, is a key trait in naked barley (Hordeum vulgareL.). While threshability is a defining characteristic of naked grains and has been found to be associated with grain size and shape, its genetic architecture is poorly described. The goals of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci associated with threshability and evaluate their utility as covariates in genomic prediction models. A genome‐wide association study identified two loci on chromosomes 2H and 3H associated with threshability. The locus on chromosome 2H accounted for 9.9% of the phenotypic variance explained (PVE). The locus on chromosomes 3H accounted for 7.8% of the PVE. With effects on threshability of 0.18 and 0.29 for each marker, respectively, these markers could have a limited impact when implemented in marker‐assisted selection. Predictive ability for threshability was 0.842 using a structured genomic best linear unbiased prediction model. Incorporation of the markers with significant associations as covariates in the model did not improve predictive ability. Predictive ability was improved by the use of a multi‐trait model including grain test weight. The high predictive ability for threshability overall indicate that genomic selection would be useful in selection for threshability in naked barley. Two markers were identified with significant associations to threshability.Predictive ability for threshability was 0.842 using a structured gBLUP model.Predictive ability was not increased by inclusion of identified QTL as covariates.Predictive ability was increased using a multi‐trait prediction model.
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- 2023
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27. PO-04-006 THE ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH ON OUTCOMES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA.
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Karolcik, Brock, Calcaterra, Michael, Smith, Kevin, Schiff, Mary, Ragavan, Maya, Alsaied, Tarek, Follansbee, Christopher W., Beerman, Lee B., and Arora, Gaurav
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- 2024
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28. Elucidating the Role of Ni(Pd) in Ni(Pd)-Mo2C/Carbon Catalysts for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Dibenzofuran and Bio-Oil.
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Wang, Haiyan, Liu, Shida, Schmiβ, Mark, Kim, Chang Soo, and Smith, Kevin J.
- Published
- 2022
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29. QAPI 136 - Improving Bone Marrow Transplant Patient Outcomes by Implementing a Clostridioides Difficile Screening Protocol.
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Smith, Kevin and Dolon, Christine
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- 2024
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30. Real-Space Infrared Spectroscopy of Ferroelectric Domain Walls in Multiferroic h-(Lu,Sc)FeO3
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Smith, Kevin A., Ramkumar, Sriram P., Du, Kai, Xu, Xianghan, Cheong, Sang-Wook, Gilbert Corder, Stephanie N., Bechtel, Hans A., Nowadnick, Elizabeth A., and Musfeldt, Janice L.
- Abstract
We employ synchrotron-based near-field infrared spectroscopy to image the phononic properties of ferroelectric domain walls in hexagonal (h) Lu0.6Sc0.4FeO3, and we compare our findings with a detailed symmetry analysis, lattice dynamics calculations, and prior models of domain-wall structure. Rather than metallic and atomically thin as observed in the rare-earth manganites, ferroelectric walls in h-Lu0.6Sc0.4FeO3are broad and semiconducting, a finding that we attribute to the presence of an A-site substitution-induced intermediate phase that reduces strain and renders the interior of the domain wall nonpolar. Mixed Lu/Sc occupation on the Asite also provides compositional heterogeneity over micron-sized length scales, and we leverage the fact that Lu and Sc cluster in different ratios to demonstrate that the spectral characteristics at the wall are robust even in different compositional regimes. This work opens the door to broadband imaging of physical and chemical heterogeneity in ferroics and represents an important step toward revealing the rich properties of these flexible defect states.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Convex Optimization of the Basic Reproduction Number
- Author
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Smith, Kevin D. and Bullo, Francesco
- Abstract
The basic reproduction number
is a fundamental quantity in epidemiological modeling, reflecting the typical number of secondary infections that arise from a single infected individual. While$R_{0}$ is widely known to scientists, policymakers, and the general public, it has received comparatively little attention in the controls community. This note provides two novel characterizations of$R_{0}$ : a stability characterization and a geometric program characterization. The geometric program characterization allows us to write$R_{0}$ -constrained and budget-constrained optimal resource allocation problems as geometric programs, which are easily transformed into convex optimization problems. We apply these programs to allocating vaccines and antidotes in numerical examples, finding that targeting$R_{0}$ instead of the spectral abscissa of the Jacobian matrix (a common target in the controls literature) leads to qualitatively different solutions.$R_{0}$ - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. On Optimizing the Conditional Value-at-Risk of a Maximum Cost for Risk-Averse Safety Analysis
- Author
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Chapman, Margaret P., Faus, Michael, and Smith, Kevin M.
- Abstract
The popularity of Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR), a risk functional from finance, has been growing in the control systems community due to its intuitive interpretation and axiomatic foundation. We consider a nonstandard optimal control problem in which the goal is to minimize the CVaR of a maximum random cost subject to a Borel-space Markov decision process. The objective represents the maximum departure from a desired operating region averaged over a given fraction of the worst cases. This problem provides a safety criterion for a stochastic system that is informed by both the probability and severity of the potential consequences of the system’s behavior. In contrast, existing safety analysis frameworks apply stagewise risk constraints or assess the probability of constraint violation without quantifying the potential severity of the violation. To the best of our knowledge, the problem of interest has not been solved. To solve the problem, we propose and study a family of stochastic dynamic programs on an augmented state space. We prove that the optimal CVaR of a maximum random cost enjoys an equivalent representation in terms of the solutions to these dynamic programs under appropriate assumptions. For each dynamic program, we show the existence of an optimal policy that depends on the dynamics of an augmented state under the assumptions. In a numerical example, we illustrate how our safety analysis framework is useful for assessing the severity of combined sewer overflows under precipitation uncertainty.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Active Bayesian Deep Learning With Vector Sensor for Passive Sonar Sensing of the Ocean
- Author
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Fischer, John, Orescanin, Marko, Leary, Paul, and Smith, Kevin B.
- Abstract
Multiple studies have explored and reported on using passive sonar scalar pressure fields for both biological and man-made target classification. Here, inclusion of the vector field is considered and evaluated as an input feature in the classification of ship noises. We find that the inclusion of vector field information can significantly improve the understanding of the classification model performance. Based on an analysis of the epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties of probabilistic classification models, using vector field information as additional inputs leads to an
score of 0.8 in classification, comparable to scalar pressure field inputs only, but with 39% lower epistemic uncertainty in favor of utilizing the vector field component. Moreover, we verify that a similar conclusion applies to the active learning scenario, where we demonstrate the ability to utilize vector field information and epistemic uncertainty estimates to train a model that achieves an$F_{1}$ score of 0.8 while using only 23% of the overall data. The ability to decompose uncertainty into an aleatoric and epistemic component leads to additional model explainability.$F_{1}$ - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Risk-Sensitive Safety Analysis Using Conditional Value-at-Risk
- Author
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Chapman, Margaret P., Bonalli, Riccardo, Smith, Kevin M., Yang, Insoon, Pavone, Marco, and Tomlin, Claire J.
- Abstract
This article develops a safetyanalysis method for stochastic systems that is sensitive to the possibility and severity of rare harmful outcomes. We define risk-sensitive safe sets as sublevel sets of the solution to a nonstandard optimal control problem, where a random maximum cost is assessed via Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR). The objective function represents the maximum extent of constraint violation of the state trajectory, averaged over a given percentage of worst cases. This problem is well-motivated but difficult to solve tractably because the temporal decomposition for CVaR is history-dependent. Our primary theoretical contribution is to derive computationally tractable underapproximations to risk-sensitive safe sets. Our method provides a novel, theoretically guaranteed, parameter-dependent upper bound to the CVaR of a maximum cost without the need to augment the state space. For a fixed parameter value, the solution to only one Markov decision process problem is required to obtain the underapproximations for any family of risk-sensitivity levels. In addition, we propose a second definition for risk-sensitive safe sets and provide a tractable method for their estimation without using a parameter-dependent upper bound. The second definition is expressed in terms of a new coherent risk functional, which is inspired by CVaR. We demonstrate our primary theoretical contribution via numerical examples.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Metal Site Substitution and Role of the Dimer on Symmetry Breaking in FePS3 and CrPS4 under Pressure.
- Author
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Harms, Nathan C., Smith, Kevin A., Haglund, Amanda V., Mandrus, David G., Liu, Zhenxian, Kim, Heung-Sik, and Musfeldt, Janice L.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Elucidating the Role of Ni(Pd) in Ni(Pd)-Mo2C/Carbon Catalysts for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Dibenzofuran and Bio-Oil
- Author
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Wang, Haiyan, Liu, Shida, Schmiβ, Mark, Kim, Chang Soo, and Smith, Kevin J.
- Abstract
Mo2C catalysts (10 wt %) promoted with Ni or Pd (1 wt %) and supported on activated biochar were synthesized by carbothermal hydrogen reduction and assessed for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of dibenzofuran (DBF) as a model bio-oil reactant. Ni and Pd improved the activity of the Mo2C/ABC catalyst and shifted selectivity from direct deoxygenation products to hydrogenated products. The results correlated with an increased hydrogenation of O species adsorbed on the passivated catalysts at low temperature, indicative of a decrease in oxidation of the Mo2C and confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature programmed oxidation–reduction analysis. Density functional theory calculations showed the increased horizontal adsorption of DBF and a reduced energy barrier for dissociative H2adsorption on the Ni(Pd)-promoted Mo2C surface. The high hydrogenation activity of the Ni- and Pd-Mo2C catalysts was also apparent during the HDO of an esterified bio-oil, significantly decreasing coke yield together with the phenol and ester content and the O/C ratio of the hydrotreated bio-oil.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Accurate predictions of barley phenotypes using genomewide markers and environmental covariates
- Author
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Neyhart, Jeffrey L., Silverstein, Kevin A. T., and Smith, Kevin P.
- Abstract
Predicting the performance of new plant genotypes under new environmental conditions could accelerate the development of locally adapted and climate resilient cultivars. Enabling these predictions may rely on extending the genomewide prediction framework to include environmental covariates (EC), but such models have generally been tested under limited, less breeding‐realistic contexts. Using a barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) multi‐environment dataset, our objectives were to compare multi‐environment prediction models and scenarios that target genotypes from different breeding generations, use different levels and timescales of ECs, and are applied to different agronomic and quality traits. When predicting the phenotypes of previously tested genotypes in untested environments, models that included the interaction of genomewide markers and pre‐selected in‐season ECs resulted in more accurate predictions (rMGor rMP) within (rMG= 0.56–0.94) and across (rMP= 0.63–0.87) environments; similar accuracy was achieved within (rMP = 0.46–0.89) and across (rMP = 0.87–0.95) locations when using only ECs from realistically available historical climate data. Shifting the prediction target to a distinct, untested offspring population slightly reduced model performance within environments or locations, but rMPacross environments (rMP = 0.60–0.86) or locations (rMP = 0.87–0.94) remained very high. Though we achieved moderately high rMPfor most traits in the challenging scenario of predicting the offspring population in holdout environments, the similarity between training and target environments, like that between populations, will be a limiting factor for enabling accurate predictions of new genotypes under new growing conditions. Genomewide prediction with select environmental covariates led to accurate whole‐phenotype predictions.Historical climate data enabled a more breeding‐realistic framework for predicting phenotypes in new locations.Predictive ability was improved for both tested genotypes and untested offspring across new environments.Genetic and environmental similarity may have limited accuracy of untested offspring in holdout environments.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Exome and genome sequencing in a heterogeneous population of patients with rare disease: Identifying predictors of a diagnosis
- Author
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Pucel, Jenna, Briere, Lauren C., Reuter, Chloe, Gochyyev, Perman, Acosta, Maria T., Adams, David R., Alvarez, Raquel L., Alvey, Justin, Allworth, Aimee, Andrews, Ashley, Ashley, Euan A., Bacino, Carlos A., Bademci, Guney, Balasubramanyam, Ashok, Baldridge, Dustin, Bale, Jim, Bamshad, Michael, Barbouth, Deborah, Bayrak-Toydemir, Pinar, Beck, Anita, Beggs, Alan H., Behrens, Edward, Bejerano, Gill, Bellen, Hugo J., Bennett, Jimmy, Bernstein, Jonathan A., Berry, Gerard T., Bican, Anna, Bivona, Stephanie, Blue, Elizabeth, Bohnsack, John, Bonner, Devon, Botto, Lorenzo, Briere, Lauren C., Brown, Gabrielle, Burke, Elizabeth A., Burrage, Lindsay C., Butte, Manish J., Byers, Peter, Byrd, William E., Carey, John, Carrasquillo, Olveen, Cassini, Thomas, Peter Chang, Ta Chen, Chanprasert, Sirisak, Chao, Hsiao-Tuan, Chinn, Ivan, Clark, Gary D., Coakley, Terra R., Cobban, Laurel A., Cogan, Joy D., Coggins, Matthew, Cole, F. Sessions, Colley, Heather A., Cope, Heidi, Corona, Rosario, Craigen, William J., Crouse, Andrew B., Cunningham, Michael, D’Souza, Precilla, Dai, Hongzheng, Dasari, Surendra, Davis, Joie, Dayal, Jyoti G., Dell'Angelica, Esteban C., Dipple, Katrina, Doherty, Daniel, Dorrani, Naghmeh, Doss, Argenia L., Douine, Emilie D., Earl, Dawn, Eckstein, David J., Emrick, Lisa T., Eng, Christine M., Falk, Marni, Fieg, Elizabeth L., Fisher, Paul G., Fogel, Brent L., Forghani, Irman, Gahl, William A., Glass, Ian, Gochuico, Bernadette, Goddard, Page C., Godfrey, Rena A., Grajewski, Alana, Hadley, Don, Halley, Meghan C., Hamid, Rizwan, Hassey, Kelly, Hayes, Nichole, High, Frances, Hing, Anne, Hisama, Fuki M., Holm, Ingrid A., Hom, Jason, Horike-Pyne, Martha, Huang, Alden, Hutchison, Sarah, Introne, Wendy, Isasi, Rosario, Izumi, Kosuke, Jarvik, Gail P., Jarvik, Jeffrey, Jayadev, Suman, Jean-Marie, Orpa, Jobanputra, Vaidehi, Kaitryn, Emerald, Ketkar, Shamika, Kiley, Dana, Kilich, Gonench, Kobren, Shilpa N., Kohane, Isaac S., Kohler, Jennefer N., Korrick, Susan, Krakow, Deborah, Krasnewich, Donna M., Kravets, Elijah, Lalani, Seema R., Lam, Byron, Lam, Christina, Lanpher, Brendan C., Lanza, Ian R., LeBlanc, Kimberly, Lee, Brendan H., Levitt, Roy, Lewis, Richard A., Liu, Pengfei, Liu, Xue Zhong, Longo, Nicola, Loo, Sandra K., Loscalzo, Joseph, Maas, Richard L., Macnamara, Ellen F., MacRae, Calum A., Maduro, Valerie V., Maghiro, AudreyStephannie, Mahoney, Rachel, Malicdan, May Christine V., Mamounas, Laura A., Manolio, Teri A., Mao, Rong, Marom, Ronit, Marth, Gabor, Martin, Beth A., Martin, Martin G., Martínez-Agosto, Julian A., Marwaha, Shruti, McCauley, Jacob, McConkie-Rosell, Allyn, McCray, Alexa T., McGee, Elisabeth, Might, Matthew, Miller, Danny, Mirzaa, Ghayda, Morava, Eva, Moretti, Paolo, Mulvihill, John J., Nakano-Okuno, Mariko, Nelson, Stanley F., Nieves-Rodriguez, Shirley, Novacic, Donna, Oglesbee, Devin, Orengo, James P., Pace, Laura, Pak, Stephen, Pallais, J. Carl, Palmer, Christina G.S., Papp, Jeanette C., Parker, Neil H., Phillips, John A., Posey, Jennifer E., Potocki, Lorraine, Pusey Swerdzewski, Barbara N., Quinlan, Aaron, Rao, Deepak A., Raper, Anna, Raskind, Wendy, Renteria, Genecee, Reuter, Chloe M., Rives, Lynette, Robertson, Amy K., Rodan, Lance H., Rosenfeld, Jill A., Rosenthal, Elizabeth, Rossignol, Francis, Ruzhnikov, Maura, Sacco, Ralph, Sampson, Jacinda B., Saporta, Mario, Schaechter, Judy, Schedl, Timothy, Schoch, Kelly, Scott, Daryl A., Seto, Elaine, Shashi, Vandana, Shelkowitz, Emily, Sheppeard, Sam, Shin, Jimann, Silverman, Edwin K., Sinsheimer, Janet S., Sisco, Kathy, Smith, Edward C., Smith, Kevin S., Solnica-Krezel, Lilianna, Solomon, Ben, Spillmann, Rebecca C., Stergachis, Andrew, Stoler, Joan M., Sullivan, Kathleen, Sullivan, Jennifer A., Sutton, Shirley, Sweetser, David A., Sybert, Virginia, Tabor, Holly K., Tan, Queenie K.-G., Tan, Amelia L.M., Tarakad, Arjun, Tekin, Mustafa, Telischi, Fred, Thorson, Willa, Tifft, Cynthia J., Toro, Camilo, Tran, Alyssa A., Ungar, Rachel A., Urv, Tiina K., Vanderver, Adeline, Velinder, Matt, Viskochil, Dave, Vogel, Tiphanie P., Wahl, Colleen E., Walker, Melissa, Walley, Nicole M., Wambach, Jennifer, Wan, Jijun, Wang, Lee-kai, Wangler, Michael F., Ward, Patricia A., Wegner, Daniel, Hubshman, Monika Weisz, Wener, Mark, Wenger, Tara, Westerfield, Monte, Wheeler, Matthew T., Whitlock, Jordan, Wolfe, Lynne A., Worley, Kim, Xiao, Changrui, Yamamoto, Shinya, Yang, John, Zhang, Zhe, Zuchner, Stephan, and LeBlanc, Kimberly
- Abstract
Exome (ES) and genome sequencing (GS) are increasingly being utilized for individuals with rare and undiagnosed diseases; however, guidelines on their use remain limited. This study aimed to identify factors associated with diagnosis by ES and/or GS in a heterogeneous population of patients with rare and undiagnosed diseases.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. MP26-15 ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THIAZIDE DOSAGE AND URINARY CALCIUM CHANGE WITH SUBSEQUENT KIDNEY STONE EVENTS.
- Author
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Hsi, Ryan, Yan, Phyllis, Smith, Kevin, Best, Sara, Asplin, John, Crivelli, Joseph, Maalouf, Naim, Shahinian, Vahakn, and Hollingsworth, John
- Subjects
KIDNEY stones ,CALCIUM ,EMERGENCY room visits ,CALCIUM oxalate - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. MP26-11 ADHERENCE TO POTASSIUM CITRATE AND CHANGES IN 24-HOUR URINE STONE RISK PARAMETERS.
- Author
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Crivelli, Joseph J., Oerline, Mary K., Maalouf, Naim M., Hsi, Ryan S., Krampe, Noah, Smith, Kevin B., Best, Sara L., Denton, Brian T., Asplin, John R., Shahinian, Vahakn B., and Hollingsworth, John M.
- Subjects
CITRATES ,POTASSIUM ,URINE ,URINARY calculi ,PATIENT compliance - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Assessing phenotypic diversity in silflower (Silphium integrifoliumMichx.) to identify traits of interest for domestication selection
- Author
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Price, John H., Van Tassel, David L., Picasso, Valentin D., and Smith, Kevin P.
- Abstract
Silflower (Silphium integrifoliumMichx.) has been identified as a candidate for domestication as a perennial oilseed crop. In order to successfully domesticate silflower it will be necessary to identify traits that should be targeted for selection. We have conducted the first multilocation trial of replicated silflower genotypes at six sites across four states. By observing architectural, phenological, and yield traits in a diversity panel of silflower breeding material, we were able to estimate the heritability of these traits, as well as patterns of correlation across years and environments. We found that this population expressed heritable variation for many, but not all, traits of interest, and that targeted introgression of diversity may be beneficial for some traits. In addition, we used regression analysis to identify several traits, particularly height, number of stalks per plant, and stalk diameter as important contributors to determining levels of yield and levels of lodging. These results will help to guide future silflower domestication efforts and have already shaped the direction of our breeding program. Silflower is being domesticated as a perennial oilseed crop to provide ecological benefits. It is unclear which traits are highest priority for improvement. A diversity panel was evaluated at six sites for several architectural, phenological, and yield traits. Estimates of heritability, variation between locations and year, and trait correlations will inform selection.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A novel DPH5-related diphthamide-deficiency syndrome causing embryonic lethality or profound neurodevelopmental disorder
- Author
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Shankar, Suma P., Grimsrud, Kristin, Lanoue, Louise, Egense, Alena, Willis, Brandon, Hörberg, Johanna, AlAbdi, Lama, Mayer, Klaus, Ütkür, Koray, Monaghan, Kristin G., Krier, Joel, Stoler, Joan, Alnemer, Maha, Shankar, Prabhu R., Schaffrath, Raffael, Alkuraya, Fowzan S., Brinkmann, Ulrich, Eriksson, Leif A., Lloyd, Kent, Rauen, Katherine A., Acosta, Maria T., Adam, Margaret, Adams, David R., Alvey, Justin, Amendola, Laura, Andrews, Ashley, Ashley, Euan A., Azamian, Mahshid S., Bacino, Carlos A., Bademci, Guney, Balasubramanyam, Ashok, Baldridge, Dustin, Bale, Jim, Bamshad, Michael, Barbouth, Deborah, Bayrak-Toydemir, Pinar, Beck, Anita, Beggs, Alan H., Behrens, Edward, Bejerano, Gill, Bennet, Jimmy, Berg-Rood, Beverly, Bernstein, Jonathan A., Berry, Gerard T., Bican, Anna, Bivona, Stephanie, Blue, Elizabeth, Bohnsack, John, Bonner, Devon, Botto, Lorenzo, Boyd, Brenna, Briere, Lauren C., Brokamp, Elly, Brown, Gabrielle, Burke, Elizabeth A., Burrage, Lindsay C., Butte, Manish J., Byers, Peter, Byrd, William E., Carey, John, Carrasquillo, Olveen, Cassini, Thomas, Peter Chang, Ta Chen, Chanprasert, Sirisak, Chao, Hsiao-Tuan, Clark, Gary D., Coakley, Terra R., Cobban, Laurel A., Cogan, Joy D., Coggins, Matthew, Cole, F. Sessions, Colley, Heather A., Cooper, Cynthia M., Cope, Heidi, Craigen, William J., Crouse, Andrew B., Cunningham, Michael, D'Souza, Precilla, Dai, Hongzheng, Dasari, Surendra, Davis, Joie, Dayal, Jyoti G., Deardorff, Matthew, Dell'Angelica, Esteban C., Dipple, Katrina, Doherty, Daniel, Dorrani, Naghmeh, Doss, Argenia L., Douine, Emilie D., Duncan, Laura, Earl, Dawn, Eckstein, David J., Emrick, Lisa T., Eng, Christine M., Esteves, Cecilia, Falk, Marni, Fernandez, Liliana, Fieg, Elizabeth L., Fisher, Paul G., Fogel, Brent L., Forghani, Irman, Gahl, William A., Glass, Ian, Gochuico, Bernadette, Godfrey, Rena A., Golden-Grant, Katie, Goldrich, Madison P., Grajewski, Alana, Gutierrez, Irma, Hadley, Don, Hahn, Sihoun, Hamid, Rizwan, Hassey, Kelly, Hayes, Nichole, High, Frances, Hing, Anne, Hisama, Fuki M., Holm, Ingrid A., Hom, Jason, Horike-Pyne, Martha, Huang, Alden, Huang, Yong, Introne, Wendy, Isasi, Rosario, Izumi, Kosuke, Jamal, Fariha, Jarvik, Gail P., Jarvik, Jeffrey, Jayadev, Suman, Jean-Marie, Orpa, Jobanputra, Vaidehi, Karaviti, Lefkothea, Kennedy, Jennifer, Ketkar, Shamika, Kiley, Dana, Kilich, Gonench, Kobren, Shilpa N., Kohane, Isaac S., Kohler, Jennefer N., Krakow, Deborah, Krasnewich, Donna M., Kravets, Elijah, Korrick, Susan, Koziura, Mary, Lalani, Seema R., Lam, Byron, Lam, Christina, LaMoure, Grace L., Lanpher, Brendan C., Lanza, Ian R., LeBlanc, Kimberly, Lee, Brendan H., Levitt, Roy, Lewis, Richard A., Liu, Pengfei, Liu, Xue Zhong, Longo, Nicola, Loo, Sandra K., Loscalzo, Joseph, Maas, Richard L., Macnamara, Ellen F., MacRae, Calum A., Maduro, Valerie V., Mak, Bryan C., Malicdan, May Christine V., Mamounas, Laura A., Manolio, Teri A., Mao, Rong, Maravilla, Kenneth, Marom, Ronit, Marth, Gabor, Martin, Beth A., Martin, Martin G., Martínez-Agosto, Julian A., Marwaha, Shruti, McCauley, Jacob, McConkie-Rosell, Allyn, McCray, Alexa T., McGee, Elisabeth, Mefford, Heather, Merritt, J. Lawrence, Might, Matthew, Mirzaa, Ghayda, Morava, Eva, Moretti, Paolo M., Nakano-Okuno, Mariko, Nelson, Stan F., Newman, John H., Nicholas, Sarah K., Nickerson, Deborah, Nieves-Rodriguez, Shirley, Novacic, Donna, Oglesbee, Devin, Orengo, James P., Pace, Laura, Pak, Stephen, Pallais, J. Carl, Palmer, Christina G.S., Papp, Jeanette C., Parker, Neil H., Phillips, John A., Posey, Jennifer E., Potocki, Lorraine, Pusey, Barbara N., Quinlan, Aaron, Raskind, Wendy, Raja, Archana N., Rao, Deepak A., Raper, Anna, Renteria, Genecee, Reuter, Chloe M., Rives, Lynette, Robertson, Amy K., Rodan, Lance H., Rosenfeld, Jill A., Rosenwasser, Natalie, Rossignol, Francis, Ruzhnikov, Maura, Sacco, Ralph, Sampson, Jacinda B., Saporta, Mario, Scott, C. Ron, Schaechter, Judy, Schedl, Timothy, Schoch, Kelly, Scott, Daryl A., Shashi, Vandana, Shin, Jimann, Silverman, Edwin K., Sinsheimer, Janet S., Sisco, Kathy, Smith, Edward C., Smith, Kevin S., Solem, Emily, Solnica-Krezel, Lilianna, Solomon, Ben, Spillmann, Rebecca C., Stoler, Joan M., Sullivan, Jennifer A., Sullivan, Kathleen, Sun, Angela, Sutton, Shirley, Sweetser, David A., Sybert, Virginia, Tabor, Holly K., Tan, Amelia L.M., Queenie, K.-G., Tan, Tekin, Mustafa, Telischi, Fred, Thorson, Willa, Tifft, Cynthia J., Toro, Camilo, Tran, Alyssa A., Tucker, Brianna M., Urv, Tiina K., Vanderver, Adeline, Velinder, Matt, Viskochil, Dave, Vogel, Tiphanie P., Wahl, Colleen E., Wallace, Stephanie, Walley, Nicole M., Walker, Melissa, Wambach, Jennifer, Wan, Jijun, Wang, Lee-kai, Wangler, Michael F., Ward, Patricia A., Wegner, Daniel, Weisz-Hubshman, Monika, Wener, Mark, Wenger, Tara, Perry, Katherine Wesseling, Westerfield, Monte, Wheeler, Matthew T., Whitlock, Jordan, Wolfe, Lynne A., Worley, Kim, Xiao, Changrui, Yamamoto, Shinya, Yang, John, Zastrow, Diane B., Zhang, Zhe, Zhao, Chunli, Zuchner, Stephan, Bellen, Hugo, and Mahoney, Rachel
- Abstract
Diphthamide is a post-translationally modified histidine essential for messenger RNA translation and ribosomal protein synthesis. We present evidence for DPH5as a novel cause of embryonic lethality and profound neurodevelopmental delays (NDDs).
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Training Methods in the Sport of Surfing: A Scoping Review
- Author
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Donaldson, Terry, Scantlebury, Malcolm, Furness, James, Kemp-Smith, Kevin, Newcomer, Sean, and Climstein, Mike
- Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.Surfing has grown significantly in the past decade as highlighted by its inclusion in the 2020 Olympic Games. This growth substantiates a need for training methods that improve surfing performance. The purpose of this review is to (a) identify training methods available to competitive and recreational surfers in peer-reviewed literature, (b) evaluate the effectiveness of these methods, and (c) highlight any limitations and potential areas for future research. Five electronic databases were searched, and 8 papers were identified that met the eligibility criteria. Five of these studies used a quasiexperimental design, and 1 used a case study. The remaining 2 studies used field-based outcome measures specific to paddling; however, no study demonstrated improvement in wave-riding performance. The main training methods identified were (a) resistance training, (b) unstable surface training, and (c) cardiovascular training. Maximal strength training of the upper-body and high-intensity and sprint-interval paddling demonstrated effectiveness for improving paddling performance; however, unstable surface training was ineffective. Although all interventions improved laboratory-based outcomes, there were no objective measures of wave-riding performance. The findings of this scoping review demonstrate a paucity and low level of evidence in peer-reviewed literature relating training methods to surfing performance.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Syntheses and Investigations of Conformationally Restricted, Linker-Free α‑Amino Acid–BODIPYs via Boron Functionalization.
- Author
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Wang, Maodie, Zhang, Guanyu, Bobadova-Parvanova, Petia, Smith, Kevin M., and Vicente, M. Graça H.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Methanol Adsorption on Vanadium Oxide Surfaces Observed by Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.
- Author
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Goodacre, Dana, Blum, Monika, Buechner, Christin, Jovic, Vedran, Franklin, Joseph B., Kittiwatanakul, Salinporn, Söhnel, Tilo, Bluhm, Hendrik, and Smith, Kevin E.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Guaiacol Hydrogenation in Methanesulfonic Acid Using a Stirred Slurry Electrocatalytic Reactor: Mass Transport and Reaction Kinetics Aspects.
- Author
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Wijaya, Yanuar Philip, Putra, Robertus D. D., Smith, Kevin J., Kim, Chang Soo, and Gyenge, Elöd L.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The Effects of a 2-hour Surfing Session on the Hydration Status of Male Recreational Surfers.
- Author
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O'NEILL, BYRON, LEON, ERIC, FURNESS, JAMES, SCHRAM, BEN, and KEMP-SMITH, KEVIN
- Subjects
SURFING ,SURFERS ,HYDRATION ,AQUATIC sports ,CLOTHING & dress - Abstract
Surfing is a popular sport globally which is performed in varied environmental conditions. With limited research in the field exploring hydration, monitoring the effect of surfing on subject hydration is warranted. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between surfing intensity and hydration status. A total of ten recreational male surfers were recruited for this study where hydration status was assessed pre-and post-surf session by measures of body mass (BM) and urine specific gravity (USG). Intensity of the surf session was quantified by Global Positioning Systems and Heart Rate monitoring. Subjects surfed for two hours and covered an average distance of 4974.18 ± 542.62 m, with an average speed of 2.48 ± 0.27 km/h and peak speed of 31.86 ± 3.51 km/h. A statistically significant decrease in absolute and relative BM was observed (0.70 ± 0.4 kg, p < 0.05 & 0.86 ± 0.54%, p < 0.001, respectively). No statistically significant correlation was found between variables (total distance paddled and relative BM, r = 0.432, p = 0.245; average HR and relative BM change, r = -.246, p = 0.595). Total distance paddled combined with average HR significantly predicted relative body mass change (F(2,3) = 29.362, p = 0.011, adjusted R2 = 95.1%). The results demonstrate that a 2-hour recreational surfing session, in temperate environmental conditions, without neoprene garments resulted in minimal BM changes and no changes in USG. Surfers who paddle a greater distance at a higher average HR sustained greater BM changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
48. Effect of Stand-Up Paddle Boarding on Hydration Status in Recreational and Competitive Individuals.
- Author
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McARTHUR, ROBYN, DUQUE-ANNE, JASMINE, FURNESS, JAMES, KEMP-SMITH, KEVIN, SIMAS, VINI, and CLIMSTEIN, MIKE
- Subjects
PADDLEBALL ,HYDRATION ,AQUATIC sports ,DEHYDRATION ,TELEMETRY - Abstract
Stand up paddle (SUP) boarding is a popular water-based aquatic sport and recreational activity that continues to grow in popularity, however, little is known about its effect upon hydration status in recreational and elite level participants. The aim of this study was to examine the hydration status in SUP by investigating fluid loss through measurement of nude body mass. Thirty participants successfully completed the study. Hydration status was assessed by measurements of nude body mass taken pre and post SUP session. Intensity of the session was monitored throughout each session using a telemetry heart rate (HR) monitor; both mean and maximum HRs were assessed. Environmental conditions were recorded prior to each session and participants rated perceived hydration pre and post activity. SUP sessions average duration was 68 ± 13 mins (mean HR: 135 ± 20 bpm, peak HR: 167.1 ± 12 bpm). The average mass lost in a SUP session was 0.82 ± 0.4 kg (absolute), 0.03 ± 1 (relative BMI), 0.43 ± 0.2 (relative BSA) and the overall percentage of loss was 1.2 ± 0.6 % (p < 0.01, d = 0.47). Key predictors (p < 0.05) of fluid loss included ambient air temperature, gender (males), mean HR and SUP session duration. Results from this study suggest that SUP participants may require fluid loss monitoring to allow for effective rehydration strategies. Pre-hydration strategies are also recommended to avoid dehydration which is associated with decreased performance (aerobic and strength), increased core temperature, heart rate and may lead to detrimental health outcomes such as renal failure and heat illness in extreme circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
49. Physiological, Musculoskeletal & Anthropometric Characteristics & Performance Between Competitive & Recreational Surfers: A Scoping Review.
- Author
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STONE, HARRISON, DOUGLAS, LUCY, FURNESS, JAMES, SMITH, KEVIN KEMP, CLIMSTEIN, MIKE, and NEWCOMER, SEAN
- Subjects
SURFERS ,SURFING ,AEROBIC exercises ,DORSIFLEXION - Abstract
Surfing is the ability to ride a surfboard along the unbroken section, wall or face of a wave, as it moves closer towards the shore. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the physiological, musculoskeletal and anthropometric characteristics that can differentiate between paddling and wave riding performance in competitive and recreational surfing populations. The eligibility criteria for this scoping review included articles that distinguished between multiple surfing ability groups, identified physiological, musculoskeletal or anthropometric characteristics, were peer reviewed, and directly related to the sport of surfing. The databases used to search for relevant literature included PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar. All relevant articles were screened and assessed for full text eligibility. This resulted in 28 full text articles to be synthesized and included in this review. A range of significant physiological, musculoskeletal, and anthropometric characteristics were able to differentiate between surfing abilities. The most common differentiating physiological characteristics seen in competitive surfers were faster sprint paddling velocity, greater anaerobic power, higher VO2 peak, and greater lower limb power. The most common differentiating musculoskeletal and anthropometric characteristics seen in competitive surfers were increased postural control, increased ankle dorsiflexion, higher lean mass ratio, shorter stature, and greater arm span, respectively. Knowledge of these characteristics could lead to development of talent identification protocols as well as tailor programs to target specific characteristics the athlete is lacking in order to minimize the risk of these attributes inhibiting optimal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
50. Writing Transfer, Integration, and the Need for the Long Vie.
- Author
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Smith, Kevin G., Girdharry, Kristi, and Gallagher, Chris W.
- Subjects
AUTHORSHIP ,KNOWLEDGE transfer ,COLLEGE students ,AUTHORS ,INTEGRATION (Theory of knowledge) ,RHETORIC education - Abstract
Drawing on a five-year study of 20 student writers, this study advances a concept related to but distinct from writing transfer. Integration contextualizes and complicates transfer episodes and encourages us to take a long view of writing development. Like transfer, integration can be facilitated by connections and disconnections writers perceive between writing contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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