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Multiplexed optical techniques with multichannel patterns provide powerful strategies for high-capacity anti-counterfeiting. However, it is still a big challenge to meet the demands of achieving high encryption levels, excellent readability, and simple preparation simultaneously. Herein, we use a multistep imprinting technique, leveraging surface work-hardening to massively produce multiplexed encrypted patterns with hierarchical structures. These patterns with coupled nano- and microstructures can be instantaneously decoded into different pieces of information at different view angles under white light illumination. By incorporating perpendicular nano- and microgratings, we achieve four-channel encoded patterns, enhancing anti-counterfeiting capacity. This versatile method works on various metal/polymer materials, offering high-density information storage, direct visibility, broad material compatibility, and low-cost mass production. Our high-performance anti-counterfeiting patterns show significant potential in real-world applications.

Aims/BackgroundHematospermia, characterized by blood in the ejaculate, is a common and distressing condition in urology. Identifying the underlying causes, including translucent membranes in the prostatic utricle, is crucial for effective management. Despite advancements in diagnostic techniques, reliable predictive tools are needed to enhance preoperative planning and patient outcomes. This study aimed to develop a novel nomogram to predict the presence of translucent membranes in the prostatic utricle of hematospermia patients.MethodsIn total, 284 patients were selected from The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei database based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The cohort was divided into a training set (198 patients) and a validation set (86 patients). To identify risk factors associated with the prostatic utricle translucent membrane, multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed. The identified risk factors were then used to construct a predictive nomogram model. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated using several statistical tools: receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess discriminative ability, calibration curves to evaluate prediction accuracy, and decision curve analysis (DCA) to determine clinical utility.ResultsThe findings revealed that age, duration of disease, history of seminal vesiculitis, and seminal vesicle dimensions (width, length, and thickness) were independent risk factors for the presence of a prostatic utricle translucent membrane in patients with hematospermia. Using these variables, a nomogram was developed. The nomogram demonstrated strong predictive capability, as evidenced by its performance in ROC and calibration curve analyses. Furthermore, the DCA indicated that the nomogram offered significant clinical net benefits in predicting the presence of a translucent membrane.ConclusionClinical use of the developed nomogram can assist clinicians in identifying patients with hematospermia who have translucent membrane in the prostatic utricle and in developing individualized treatment.

Neurological disorders exert significantly affect the quality of life for patients, necessitating effective strategies for nerve regeneration. Both traditional autologous nerve transplantation and emerging therapeutic approaches encounter scientific challenges due to the complex nature of the nervous system and the unsuitability of the surrounding environment for cell transplantation. Tissue engineering techniques offer a promising path for neurotherapy. Successful neural tissue engineering relies on modulating cell differentiation behavior and tissue repair by developing biomaterials that mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) and establish a three-dimensional microenvironment. Peptide-based hydrogels have emerged as a potent option among these biomaterials due to their ability to replicate the structure and complexity of the ECM.

Multi-scale structures are ubiquitous in biological systems. However, manufacturing man-made structures with controllable features spanning multiple length scales, particularly down to nanoscale features, is very challenging, which seriously impacts their collective properties. Here we introduce an aluminium-based three-dimensional lithography that combines sequential nano–micro–macro-imprinting and anodization of multi-scale anodic aluminium oxide templates to manufacture well-defined multi-scale structures, using various materials. The high-fidelity nano-patterns and micro-patterns were facilitated by the surface work hardening phenomenon, where the nano-patterns can be further fine-tailored by anodization to have high-aspect-ratio and tunable nano-holes. Based on the aluminium-based three-dimensional lithography, multi-scale materials across length scales of at least 107orders of magnitude were precisely fabricated, including carbon, semiconductors and metals. We integrated pressure sensors and biosensors with superior and customizable performances by tailoring the multi-scale carbon networks on different length scales from nanofibres and micropyramids to macrodome arrays. This work provides a versatile technique for prototyping on-demand multi-scale structures and materials to explore desirable mechanical and physical properties.

Ar–N2-O2ternary shielding gas is employed in dissimilar welding between high nitrogen steel and low alloy steel. The effect of O2and N2is investigated based on the systematical analysis of the metal transfer, nitrogen escape phenomenon, weld appearance, nondestructive detection, nitrogen content distribution, microstructure and mechanical properties. There are two nitrogen sources of the nitrogen in the weld: high nitrogen base material and shielding gas. The effect of shielding gas is mainly reflected in these two aspects. The change of the droplet transfer mode affects the fusion ratio, N2in the shielding gas can increase nitrogen content and promote the nitrogen uniform distribution. The addition of 2% O2to Ar matrix can change the metal transfer from globular transfer to spray transfer, high nitrogen base material is thereby dissolved more to the molten pool, making nitrogen content increase, ferrite decrease and the mechanical properties improve. When applying N2-containing shielding gas, arc stability becomes poor and short-circuiting transfer frequency increases due to the nitrogen escape from droplets and the molten pool. Performance of the joints is improved with N2increasing, but internal gas pores are easier to appear because of the poor capacity of low alloy steel to dissolve nitrogen, The generation of pores will greatly reduce the impact resistance. 4–8% N2content in shielding gas is recommended in this study considering the integrated properties of the dissimilar welded joint.

Extrinsic light excitation has much lower absorption coefficient compared to intrinsic light excitation, which can better utilize the “bulk” of semiconductor rather than a thin surface as the depth of light absorption is much larger, making it suitable for higher power applications. However, commercial technology computer aided design (TCAD) software has not developed a model for extrinsic light excitation. Therefore, we construct a model of Vanadium-compensated semi-insulating (VCSI) 6H-SiC photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) illuminated with sub-bandgap light, and realize the process of light absorption at V deep acceptor level in Silvaco TCAD simulation by modifying the electron emission rate. Then, we simulate the transient response of 6H-SiC triggered by a nanosecond light pulse and discuss the feasibility of this method.

Square concrete-filled tubular steel stub column (SCFTSSC) is of great mechanical performance, which has been broadly used in the construction of engineering structures. For the purpose of avoiding the buckling and bulging in the steel tubes and then making full use of the steel tubes to constrain the core concrete, in this paper, an experiment is conducted to study the effects of different preset gap modes on the mechanical performance of SCFTSSC, and a comparative study is carried out to investigate the failure mode, load–deformation response and load–strain results of two types of specimens, including ones with a gap on the top end and others with a middle gap. The obtained results indicated that the preset gap changes the force transmission mode, then enhances the mechanical performance of specimens, which shows better plasticity, and the failure mode can be observed as the tube has cracked along corners. The findings of the comparative study showed that the introduction of a gap on the top end can make the corresponding load–deformation curve show a form of a threefold line and accompanied by a relatively persistent strengthening stage; meanwhile, the existence of a middle gap also makes the vertical load cannot be transmitted by the tube, so that the horizontal strain will increase; further, the rectangular section of the specimen will be changed to a circular form, and finally, the cracks will emerge in corners.

To reduce safety issues of ginseng products caused by excessive pesticide levels, this paper systematically elucidates the transfer rules of pesticides during processing by calculating the transfer rates and processing factors (PFs). The common methods of ginseng processing (water extraction, alcohol extraction, concentration, water extraction and alcohol precipitation, vacuum drying, freeze drying, spray drying) and 30 pesticides frequently occurring in ginseng were used as research objects. The results indicate that the pesticide residues in alcohol extract are much higher than those in water extract. During water extraction and alcohol precipitation, 93.2% of pesticides are transferred to the upper ethanol solution. Besides, drying could reduce the total amount but increase the concentration of pesticide residues. Water extraction–concentration–spray drying (PF ranges from 0.01 to 0.36) and alcohol extraction–concentration–vacuum drying (PF ranges from 1.10 to 3.70) are the processing methods with the lowest and highest pesticide processing factors, respectively.

For the promotion of the protective performance of the protection armor under the impact of ammunition, this study conducts a blast resistance performance analysis of the protection armor with an I-core sandwich. According to the numerical study, it can be found that the protective structure with an I-core sandwich can resist the blast effectively; meanwhile, aiming at the different components of such structure, the front and back plates can be simplified as multi-span and single-span statically indeterminate structure, respectively, the force between them is transferred based on the rib. Then, the parameters studies are conducted, and the results indicate that the blast resistance performance of the structure is beneficial from increasing thicknesses of the front plate and rib, narrowed gap between the rib and the rib placement direction of the shorter side. Furthermore, the research also found that the stress and damage distribution in the rib shows an obvious difference. In this regard, we conduct the optimal design on the protective structure under the most adverse case to fully use its blast resistance performance, namely, to place the steel bars between each rib. It is found that the horizontal placement of the steel bars can improve the overall mechanical performance of rib, strengthen the stiffness, and contribute to the blast resistance ability.

Altered oceanic crust (AOC) is the largest contributor to the subducted sulfur (S) budget and its recycling modulates the redox evolution and S distribution in the mantle. However, the role of AOC in the deep cycling of S remains poorly constrained. Here we probe the primary S isotopes of Cenozoic intraplate basalts in eastern China by investigating sulfide inclusions in magmatic clinopyroxene megacrysts. These basalts were derived from the deep mantle metasomatized by melts derived from recycled AOC but show MORB‐like S isotopes (−0.9–0.9‰), suggesting that AOC‐derived melts transfer negligible sulfate and hardly change the δ34S and redox state of the deeper mantle. This contrasts with the generally high δ34S values of mantle wedge peridotites and primary arc magmas that reflect the slab addition of sulfate, indicating that S species and isotopes released from the subducted slab and associated fO2are not constant and vary with subduction depth. Subduction‐driven recycling of S plays a key role in the redox evolution of the mantle, the formation of ore deposits, and climatic impact through volcanic emission of SO2. Altered oceanic crust (AOC) is the largest contributor to the subducted S budget but the role of AOC in the deep cycling of S remains poorly constrained. Here we present high‐precision in‐situ S isotopes of sulfide inclusions in magmatic clinopyroxene megacrysts captured by Cenozoic intraplate basalts in eastern China, which were sourced from the deep mantle affected by melts derived from recycled AOC within the Pacific slab. The sulfide inclusions are not affected by magmatic differentiation or degassing and reveal the primary δ34S of intraplate basalts and their mantle sources. The mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORB)‐like δ34S values in deep mantle sources indicate that AOC‐derived melts are mainly sulfide‐saturated and could not modify the δ34S and redox state of the deep mantle significantly. This is in contrast to the high δ34S values of mantle wedge peridotites and primary arc magmas that require the addition of sulfate from the slab or sulfur disproportionation at sub‐arc depth, suggesting that S species and isotopic composition of materials released from the subducted slab vary with subduction depth. Sulfur isotopes of sulfide inclusions in clinopyroxene megacrysts reveal the primary δ34S of intraplate basaltsDeeply subducted oceanic crust hardly changes the δ34S and redox state of the mantleSulfur species and isotopes released from the subducted oceanic slab and associated fO2are not constant and vary with subduction depth Sulfur isotopes of sulfide inclusions in clinopyroxene megacrysts reveal the primary δ34S of intraplate basalts Deeply subducted oceanic crust hardly changes the δ34S and redox state of the mantle Sulfur species and isotopes released from the subducted oceanic slab and associated fO2are not constant and vary with subduction depth

Spatial light modulators (SLMs) that could control diverse optical properties are highly demanded by many optoelectronic systems. Recently, the integration of nonlinear χ(2)materials and metasurfaces has been recognized as a promising strategy for next-generation SLMs. However, their modulation efficiency still encounters challenges due to low quality factor and weak light–matter interaction. Here, we demonstrate an efficient SLM by manipulating the dual bound state in continuum (BIC) with the assistance of a binary-pore anodic alumina oxide template technique. The coexistence of symmetry-protected BIC and Fabry–Pérot BIC is obtained by a desirable sandwich configuration with a BIC metasurface and EO polymer, which efficiently restrain radiative loss and generate a strong quasi-BIC resonance. The assembled SLM with large absorption and Q-factor delivers a modulation depth of 77% and an f3 dBof nearly 100 MHz. This dual BIC metasurface provides potential for applications including switches, LIDAR, augmented and virtual reality, and so on.

Early sensory experiences interact with genes to shape precise neural circuits during development. This process is vital for proper brain function in adulthood. Neurological dysfunctions caused by environmental alterations and/or genetic mutation may share the same molecular or cellular mechanisms. Here, we show that early life bilateral whisker trimming (BWT) subsequently affects social discrimination in adult male mice. Enhanced activation of the hippocampal dorsal CA3 (dCA3) in BWT mice was observed during social preference tests. Optogenetic activation of dCA3 in naive mice impaired social discrimination, whereas chemogenetic silencing of dCA3 rescued social discrimination deficit in BWT mice. Hippocampal oxytocin (OXT) is reduced after whisker trimming. Neonatal intraventricular compensation of OXT relieved dCA3 over-activation and prevented social dysfunction. Neonatal knockdown of OXT receptor in dCA3 mimics the effects of BWT, and cannot be rescued by OXT treatment. Social behavior deficits in a fragile X syndrome mouse model (Fmr1 KO mice) could also be recovered by early life OXT treatment, through negating dCA3 over-activation. Here, a possible avenue to prevent social dysfunction is uncovered.

Previous studies on deep learning (DL) applications in pathology have focused on pathologist-versus-algorithm comparisons. However, DL will not replace the breadth and contextual knowledge of pathologists; rather, only through their combination may the benefits of DL be achieved. A fully crossed multireader multicase study was conducted to evaluate DL assistance with pathologists' diagnosis of gastric cancer. A total of 110 whole-slide images (WSI) (50 malignant and 60 benign) were interpreted by 16 board-certified pathologists with or without DL assistance, with a washout period between sessions. DL-assisted pathologists achieved a higher area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) (0.911 vs. 0.863, P= 0.003) than unassisted in interpreting the 110 WSIs. Pathologists with DL assistance demonstrated higher sensitivity in detection of gastric cancer than without (90.63% vs. 82.75%, P= 0.010). No significant difference was observed in specificity with or without deep learning assistance (78.23% vs. 79.90%, P= 0.468). The average review time per WSI was shortened with DL assistance than without (22.68 vs. 26.37 second, P= 0.033). Our results demonstrated that DL assistance indeed improved pathologists' accuracy and efficiency in gastric cancer diagnosis and further boosted the acceptance of this new technique.

Conventional micelles of amphiphilic block copolymers (BCPs) disassemble into individual polymer chains upon dilution to a critical concentration, which causes the premature release of the encapsulated drugs and reduces the drug’s bioavailability. Here, by integrating the emerging metal–organic cage (MOC) materials with BCPs, we introduce a new type of composite micellar nanoparticles, block co-polyMOC micelles (or BCPMMs), that are self-assembled in essence yet remarkably stable against dilution. BCPMMs are fabricated viaa stepwise assembly strategy that combines MOCs and BCPs in a well-defined, unimolecular core–shell structure. The synergistical interplay between the two components accounts for the particle stability: the MOC core holds BCPs firmly in place and the BCPs increase the MOC’s bioavailability. When used as nanocarriers for anticancer drugs, BCPMMs showed an extended blood circulation, a favorable biodistribution, and eventually an improved treatment efficacy in vivo. Given the versatility in designing MOCs and BCPs, we envision that BCPMMs can serve as a modular platform for robust, multifunctional, and tunable nanomedicine.

Previous studies on deep learning (DL) applications in pathology have focused on pathologist-versus-algorithm comparisons. However, DL will not replace the breadth and contextual knowledge of pathologists; rather, only through their combination may the benefits of DL be achieved. A fully crossed multireader multicase study was conducted to evaluate DL assistance with pathologists’ diagnosis of gastric cancer. A total of 110 whole-slide images (WSI) (50 malignant and 60 benign) were interpreted by 16 board-certified pathologists with or without DL assistance, with a washout period between sessions. DL-assisted pathologists achieved a higher area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) (0.911 vs. 0.863, P= 0.003) than unassisted in interpreting the 110 WSIs. Pathologists with DL assistance demonstrated higher sensitivity in detection of gastric cancer than without (90.63% vs. 82.75%, P= 0.010). No significant difference was observed in specificity with or without deep learning assistance (78.23% vs. 79.90%, P= 0.468). The average review time per WSI was shortened with DL assistance than without (22.68 vs. 26.37 second, P= 0.033). Our results demonstrated that DL assistance indeed improved pathologists’ accuracy and efficiency in gastric cancer diagnosis and further boosted the acceptance of this new technique.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted significant attention for their high specific capacity, non-toxic and harmless advantages. However, the shuttle effect limits their development. In this work, small-sized tin disulfide (SnS2) nanoparticles are embedded between interlayers of two-dimensional porous carbon nanosheets (PCNs), forming a multi-functional nanocomposite (PCN-SnS2) as a cathode carrier for Li-S batteries. The graphitized carbon nanosheets improve the overall conductivity of the electrode, and the abundant pores not only facilitate ion transfer and electrolyte permeation, but also buffer the volume change during the charge and discharge process to ensure the integrity of the electrode material. More importantly, the physical confinement of PCN, as well as the strong chemical adsorption and catalytic reaction of small SnS2nanoparticles, synergistically reduce the shuttle effect of polysulfides. The interaction between a porous layered structure and physical-chemical confinement gives the PCN-SnS2-S electrode high electrochemical performance. Even at a high rate of 2 C, a discharge capacity of 650 mA h g−1is maintained after 150 cycles, underscoring the positive results of SnS2based materials for Li S batteries. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique results further confirm that the PCN-SnS2-S electrode has a high Li+transmission rate, which reduces the activation barrier and improves the electrochemical reaction kinetics. This work provides strong evidence that reducing the size of SnS2nanostructures is beneficial for capturing and reacting with polysulfides to alleviate their shuttle effect in Li-S batteries.

Abstract:Deux héroïnes, Laure dans L'un vers l'autre par Louise M. Compain et Josanne dans La rebelle par Marcelle Tinayre, méritent une analyse particulière. Elles exhibent un certain conservatisme qu'observent Diana Holmes et Mélanie Collado, renonçant à une carrière professionnelle pour rentrer au foyer. Dans cette étude, j'affirme la valeur féministe de ces textes en soutenant que les héroïnes créent un ménage plus égalitaire. Je propose aussi une mise en lumière du nouveau modèle que représentent les deux romans. C'est un modèle qui privilégie un amour réciproque et l'autonomie de l'amant.

High nitrogen stainless steel with nitrogen content of 0.75% was welded by gas metal arc welding with Ar–N2-O2ternary shielding gas. The effect of the ternary shielding gas on the retention and improvement of nitrogen content in the weld was identified. Surfacing test was conducted first to compare the ability of O2and CO2in prompting nitrogen dissolution. The nitrogen content of the surfacing metal with O2is slightly higher than CO2. And then Ar–N2-O2shielding gas was applied to weld high nitrogen stainless steel. After using N2-containing shielding gas, the nitrogen content of the weld was improved by 0.1 wt%. As N2continued to increase, the increment of nitrogen content was not obvious, but the ferrite decreased from the top to the bottom. When the proportion of N2reached 20%, a full austenitic weld was obtained and the tensile strength was improved by 8.7%. Combined with the results of surfacing test and welding test, it is concluded that the main effect of N2is to inhibit the escape of nitrogen and suppress the nitrogen diffusion from bottom to the top in the molten pool.

Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a common congenital defect. It occurs when bowel colonization by neural crest‐derived enteric nervous system (ENS) precursors is incomplete during the first trimester of pregnancy. Several sources of candidate cells have been previously studied for their capacity to regenerate the ENS, including enteric neural crest stem cells (En‐NCSCs) derived from native intestine or those simulated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). However, it is not yet known whether the native NCSCs other than En‐NCSCs would have the potential of regenerating functional enteric neurons and producing neuron dependent motility under the intestinal environment. The present study was designed to determine whether premigratory NCSCs (pNCSCs), as a type of the nonenteric NCSCs, could form enteric neurons and mediate the motility. pNCSCs were firstly transplanted into the colon of adult mice, and were found to survive, migrate, differentiate into enteric neurons, and successfully integrate into the adult mouse colon. When the mixture of pNCSCs and human intestinal organoids was implanted into the subrenal capsule of nude mice and grown into the mature tissue‐engineered intestine (TEI), the pNCSCs‐derived neurons mediated neuron‐dependent peristalsis of TEI. These results show that the pNCSCs that were previously assumed to not be induced by intestinal environment or cues can innervate the intestine and establish neuron‐dependent motility. Future cell candidates for ENS regeneration may include nonenteric NCSCs. Schematic diagram for premigratory neural crest stem cells (pNCSCs) derivation, subrenal capsule implantation, and transplantation. pNCSCs emigrated from neural tube at E9.0 are harvested. To confirm the formation of enteric nervous system‐like neurons in natural intestine, pNCSCs are transplanted into mice colon for differentiation and electrophysiology analysis. To further study the mediation of neuron‐dependent motility, pNCSCs are implanted into tissue engineering intestine in subrenal capsule.

Adipose-derived stem cells are adult stem cells which are easy to obtain and multi-potent. Stem-cell therapy has become a promising new treatment for many diseases, and plays an increasingly important role in the field of tissue repair, regeneration and reconstruction. The physicochemical properties of the extracellular microenvironment contribute to the regulation of the fate of stem cells. Nanomaterials have stable particle size, large specific surface area and good biocompatibility, which has led them being recognized as having broad application prospects in the field of biomedicine. In this paper, we review recent developments of nanomaterials in adipose-derived stem cell research. Taken together, the current literature indicates that nanomaterials can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. However, the properties and regulatory effects of nanomaterials can vary widely depending on their composition. This review aims to provide a comprehensive guide for future stem-cell research on the use of nanomaterials.

Agriculture is expanding in tropical mountainous areas, yet its climatic effect is poorly understood. Here, we investigate how elevation regulates the biophysical climate impacts of deforestation over tropical mountainous areas by integrating satellite-observed forest cover changes into a high-resolution land–atmosphere coupled model. We show that recent forest conversion between 2000 and 2014 increased the regional warming by 0.022?±?0.002?°C in the Southeast Asian Massif, 0.010?±?0.007?°C in the Barisan Mountains (Maritime Southeast Asia), 0.042?±?0.010?°C in the Serra da Espinhaço (South America) and 0.047?±?0.008?°C in the Albertine Rift mountains (Africa) during the local dry season. The deforestation-driven local temperature anomaly can reach up to 2?°C where forest conversion is extensive. The warming from mountain deforestation depends on elevation, through the intertwined and opposing effects of increased albedo causing cooling and decreased evapotranspiration causing warming. As the elevation increases, the albedo effect increases in importance and the warming effect decreases, analogous to previously highlighted decreases of deforestation-induced warming with increasing latitude. As most new croplands are encroaching lands at low to moderate elevations, deforestation produces higher warming from suppressed evapotranspiration. Impacts of this additional warming on crop yields, land degradation and biodiversity of nearby intact ecosystems should be incorporated into future assessments.

Currently available strategies show limited effects in preventing morbidity and disability from chronic diabetic wounds. Ideal vascularization is indispensable for better restoration and prognosis of diabetic wounds. This study aims to investigate the role of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) in the process of angiogenesis during diabetic wound healing and the underlying mechanism. The in vitro results showed that tFNAs treatment enhanced the formation of a vessel-like structure that was inhibited by advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Positive variations were detected in aspects of cell viability, migratory ability, nitric oxide (NO) levels, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression. In addition, high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and gene expressions relevant to oxidative damage and inflammation in diabetic human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were attenuated by tFNAs. As for the underlying mechanism, the p-Akt/total Akt ratio, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels were higher in diabetic HUVECs treated with tFNAs. In vivo experiments showed that tFNAs facilitated diabetic wound healing by accelerating vascularization, epithelialization, collagen deposition, and collagen alignment. In conclusion, tFNAs could protect endothelial cell function, reduce inflammation, and impede oxidative damage through their antioxidant activity via the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. The application of tFNAs may pave the way for better healing of diabetic wounds.

Inverted CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) still suffer from substantially non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite interface, which limits the future advancement of CsPbI2Br perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaic cells. Interfacial defect passivation of perovskite films is an effective approach for enhancing the performance of PSCs. In this study, we introduce thiophene halide salts with different side groups on the surface of CsPbI2Br films to passivate the inorganic perovskite film and investigate their passivation effects. Our studies show that the 2-thiophenemethylammonium iodide (TM) passivator with –CH2NH3I side group effectively mitigates the trap density of the perovskite film by forming coordination bonding with Pb2+ions, thus significantly inhibiting the non-radiative recombination in the resulting PSC. In addition, after the TM treatment, the better energy-level alignment between the CsPbI2Br/[6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) interface is achieved, thus enhancing the charge extraction from perovskite to the charge transport layer. The resulting inverted CsPbI2Br device demonstrates a significantly enhanced champion efficiency of 15.07% with a Vocof 1.16 V, Jscof 16.42 mA/cm2, and FF of 79.11%, compared to the 11.19% efficiency of the control device, and maintains >97% of the initial efficiency after being stored for over 1700 h in N2atmosphere. This work confirms the importance of substituent groups on surface passivation molecules for effective passivation of defects and optimization of energy levels, particularly for Vocimprovement.

Plasmonic hot-electron-based photodetectors (HEB-PDs) have received widespread attention for their ability to realize effective carrier collection under sub-bandgap illumination. However, due to the low hot electron emission probability, most of the existing HEB-PDs exhibit poor responsivity, which significantly restricts their practical applications. Here, by employing the binary-pore anodic alumina oxide template technique, we proposed a compact plasmonic bound state in continuum metasurface–semiconductor–metal-based (BIC M–S–M) HEB-PD. The symmetry-protected BIC can manipulate a strong gap surface plasmon in the stacked M–S–M structure, which effectively enhances light–matter interactions and improves the photoresponse of the integrated device. Notably, the optimal M–S–M HEB-PD with near-unit absorption (∼90%) around 800 nm delivers a responsivity of 5.18 A/W and an IPCE of 824.23% under 780 nm normal incidence (1 V external bias). Moreover, the ultrathin feature of BIC M–S–M (∼150 nm) on the flexible substrate demonstrates excellent stability under a wide range of illumination angles from −40° to 40° and at the curvature surface from 0.05 to 0.13 mm–1. The proposed plasmonic BIC strategy is very promising for many other hot-electron-related fields, such as photocatalysis, biosensing, imaging, and so on.

All-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently received increasing attention due to their outstanding thermal stability. However, the performance of these devices, especially for the devices with a p–i–n structure, is still inferior to that of the typical organic–inorganic counterparts. In this study, we introduce phenylammonium iodides with different side groups on the surface of the CsPbI2Br perovskite film and investigate their passivation effects. Our studies indicate that the 4-trifluoromethyl phenylammonium iodide (CFPA) molecule with the –CF3side group effectively decreases the trap density of the perovskite film by forming interactions with the undercoordinated Pb2+ions and significantly inhibits the nonradiative recombination in the derived PSC, leading to an enhanced open-circuit voltage (Voc) from 0.96 to 1.10 V after passivation. Also, the CFPA post-treatment enables better energy-level alignment between the conduction band minimum of CsPbI2Br perovskite and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester, thereby enhancing the charge extraction from the perovskite to the charge transport layer. These combined benefits result in a significant enhancement of the power conversion efficiency from 11.22 to 14.37% for inverted CsPbI2Br PSCs. The device without encapsulation exhibits a degradation of only ≈4% after 1992 h in a N2glovebox.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging focal treatment modality for prostate cancer. However, the efficacy, safety, and functional outcomes of PDT are not clear. We performed a meta-analysis of available single-arm studies and control trials which used PDT for prostate cancer.

The load and corrosion caused by the harsh marine environment lead to the severe degradation of offshore equipment and to their compromised security and reliability. In the quantitative risk analysis, the failure models are difficult to establish through traditional statistical methods. Hence, the calculation of the occurrence probability of small sample events is often met with great uncertainty. In this study, the Bayesian statistical method is implemented to analyze the oil and gas leakages of FPSO internal turret, which is a typical small sample risk but could lead to severe losses. According to the corresponding failure mechanism, two Bayesian statistical models using the Weibull distribution and logarithmic normal distribution as the population distribution are established, and the posterior distribution of the corresponding parameters is calculated. The optimal Bayesian statistical model is determined according to the Bayesian information criterion and Akaike criterion. On the basis of the determined optimal model, the corresponding reliability index is solved to provide basic data for the subsequent risk assessments of FPSO systems.

Gas-washing and water injection are two commonly used methods in generating certain moisture content in gas flow stream, but the control accuracy of these methods remains uncertain. The purpose of the study is to investigate the characteristic of water vapor generation of the two methods. The temperature and humidity recorder and FTIR gas analyzer have been adopted to monitor the moisture content in tests. It has been revealed that, in gas-washing process, the moisture content in gas stream is well below saturation, and long time is required before moisture content stabilized after water bath temperature or carrier gas flow rate changed. Water injection pump could directly control the amount of water injected into gas stream. However, the moisture content generated in this way is not stable but oscillates in cycles, whose frequency and magnitude are closely related to water injection amount.

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) affect tumorigenesis and tumor development in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We constructed a novel predictive model for HNSCC based on immune-related genes (IRGs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal. After identifying the IRGs, a predictive model involving 13 IRGs with high stratification value of overall survival (OS) was constructed by multiple support vector machine recursive feature elimination and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. We explored the relationship between the risk score (RS) and clinical characteristics. The nomogram showed high concordance and good agreement in OS. Four TICs affected the OS and were in agreement with the abundance analysis of the RS levels. Furthermore, the low-risk HNSCC group showed higher expression of PD-1, CTLA4, and TIGIT, while the high-risk group showed higher expression of EGFR. The high-risk HNSCC showed high sensitivity to eight drugs.

Zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are developing rapidly, due to the merits of rich resources, superior security, high theoretical capacity, and attractively low price of zinc anodes. Nevertheless, the growth of zinc dendrite and hydrogen evolution leads to the unstable and poor cycling life in ZIB systems, thus impeding the development of ZIBs. Herein, a facile polymer coating approach is applied to establish an artificial solid–electrolyte interface to restrain the frenzied growth of zinc dendrites and hydrogen evolution. The –CO–N–CO– group in polyimide (PI) has strong interaction with Zn2+. Therefore, PI coating significantly improves the wettability between anode and electrolyte and realizes rapid Zn2+transfer kinetics. As a result, the PI‐Zn symmetrical battery not only reaches a stable cycling performance more than 900 h at 1 mA cm−2, but also owns a smaller overpotential than bare Zn. When integrating the PI‐Zn anode with a CaV8O20cathode, the PI‐Zn//CaV8O20battery maintains a capacity of 306.5 mA h g−1after 2000 cycles, which is much higher than that (198 mA h g−1) of a Zn//CaV8O20battery. This work provides a simple, yet effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of ZIBs. Polyimide coating can not only provide the –CO–N–CO– group effectively combined with Zn2+to form a zinc rich layer, which provides a path for the rapid transmission of Zn2+, but also inhibit the growth of zinc dendrite and hydrogen evolution reaction. Therefore, the PI‐Zn symmetrical (PI‐Zn//PI‐Zn) battery achieves steady plating/stripping above 900 h at 1 mA cm−2.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an ultrasensitive spectroscopic technique that can identify materials and chemicals based on their inelastic light-scattering properties. In general, SERS relies on sub-10 nm nanogaps to amplify the Raman signals and achieve ultralow-concentration identification of analytes. However, large-sized analytes, such as proteins and viruses, usually cannot enter these tiny nanogaps, limiting the practical applications of SERS. Herein, we demonstrate a universal SERS platform for the reliable and sensitive identification of a wide range of analytes. The key to this success is the prepared “slot-under-groove” nanoarchitecture arrays, which could realize a strongly coupled field enhancement with a large spatial mode distribution via the hybridization of gap-surface plasmons in the upper V-groove and localized surface plasmon resonance in the lower slot. Therefore, our slot-under-groove platform can simultaneously deliver high sensitivity for small-sized analytes and the identification of large-sized analytes with a large Raman gain.

Aegilops tauschiiAis a wild relative of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) and acts as an important resource of elite genes including genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. To improve the cadmium (Cd) tolerance of wheat varieties using A. tauschiiresources, we investigated the genetic variation of biomass-based Cd tolerance in 235 A. tauschiiaccessions treated with 0 (control) and 100μmolL−1CdCl2(as Cd stress). Simultaneously, we performed a genomewide association study (GWAS) using a single-nucleotide polymorphism chip containing 7185 markers. Six markers were found to be significantly associated with Cd tolerance by a general linear model and a mixed linear model. These markers were close to several candidate/flanking genes associated with Cd tolerance according to results in public databases, including pdil5-1, Acc-1, DME-5A, TaAP2-D, TaAP2-B, Vrn-B1, and FtsH-like proteingene. The A. tauschiiaccessions were classified as high, moderate, and low Cd-tolerant according to a secondary index, the synthetic index (SI), in proportions of 9%, 57%, and 34%, respectively. By the average SI, accessions from Afghanistan, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Iran showed relatively high Cd tolerance.