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A challenge facing labor economists is to explain the existence of different wage-setting mechanisms. This paper investigates the relative efficiency of competitive wage, wage bargaining and wage posting. In a search-theoretical model with human capital investment we establish the conditions, which are associated to the cost structures of human capital investment and job vacancy creation, for one of them to prevail. The insight is that a mechanism generates the highest level of equilibrium welfare by achieving the best balance between aggregate output and aggregate cost. Under the Hosios condition and for a broad range of values of cost parameters, we obtain these results: if workers' matching contribution is sufficiently larger than their output contribution, then wage posting prevails; if their output contribution is sufficiently larger than their matching contribution, then wage bargaining prevails; if these two contributions are sufficiently close to each other, then competitive wage prevails. These findings justify in some sense the evidences reported by Hall and Krueger (2012) and Brenzel et al. (2014). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study comparatively analyses inequalities in educational outcomes as well as education effects on the occupational status of prime-age workers across 21 countries. Considering two distinct aspects of educational outcomes—credentials and measured worker skills—the study’s main role is to assess their partial effects on occupational placement, contingent on social origin. Overall, parental education effects on educational achievement in terms of both credentials and skills are large. Likewise, occupational status is strongly associated with educational certificate attained. Labor market placement based on worker skills is significant as well, but to a lesser extent. The individual-level path dependencies of origin-education and education-destination vary considerably across countries. In part, this variation is associated with a country’s skills formation system in terms of vocational specialization and the degree of economic coordination as measured by bargaining coordination. In line with prior research, vocational specificity relates to increased educational inequality. In addition, the study finds that economic coordination mitigates educational inequality as it reduces the intergenerational transmission of certificates and skills. In systems in which vocational specificity is accompanied by a high degree of coordination, the detrimental inequality effect of vocational specificity tends to level off. Moreover, economic coordination facilitates occupational placement based on worker skills. A concise discussion of the policy implications concludes this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of the current debate around the wage-price spiral as inflation surges rapidly, and it assesses empirically whether the prevalence of wage indexation arrangements and the balance of bargaining power between workers and firms can explain cross-country differences in the dynamics of the inflation spiral. To this end, we estimate an IPVAR model on a sample of 37 OECD and non-OECD economies over the period 1960Q1–2019Q4. The results indicate that wage indexation, trade union density, wage bargaining coverage and a high degree of coordination in the wage-setting process exacerbate the persistence of inflation following an initial price shock. Our findings then suggest that central banks should take the institutional features of the labour market and wage bargaining into consideration in the conduct of their monetary policy. • Analysis of whether features of wage bargaining are a driver of the inflation loop. • IPVAR model estimated on a sample of 37 countries over the period 1960Q1-2019Q4. • Union density and bargaining coverage drive the magnitude of the inflation loop. • Features of wage bargaining are important for the conduct of monetary policy. • Results have implications for portfolio management and investment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article talks about the waterfront lockout of 1951 in New Zealand, the lockout's supporting strikes, and the economic decision of strike-breaking. It is noted that the workers faced economic hardships due to the waterfront dispute and conflict regarding ways to fight it. Topics discussed are workers' disagreement over wages, employment of Māori workers, and body of oral histories.

Copyright of Iş, Güç: The Journal of Industrial Relations & Human Resources is the property of Is, Guc: The Journal of Industrial Relations & Human Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses research investigating the relationship between macroeconomic stabilisation and emergency liquidity assistance. Topics include the lender of last resort (LOLR) services of central banks, the dampening of macroeconomic and financial instability in the presence of adverse exogenous financial developments, the role of central bank opaqueness on improving macroeconomic and financial stability in relation to wages, and banks' trade openness and moral hazard behaviour.

This paper attempts to examine the link between financialisation and income inequality in advanced countries from a comparative perspective using data from 20 OECD countries over a period of 13 years (1995-2007). The initial regression results show an overall strong correlation between several of the financialisation indicators and income inequality net of conventional explanations including economic growth rate, unemployment, globalisation, left party power, social spending, union density, female participation in the labour market, and wage bargaining centralisation. The results also show that although financialisation has a positive association with income inequality in nations with strong as well as weak unions, the association is stronger in the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows a methodological approach and applicative potential of a forecast model of public administration labor cost. The econometric model affords a tool for analysis and forecasting for the dynamics shaping the future evolution of compensation of employees in Public Administration, at a highly disaggregated level. Applied to the National Health Service (NHS), the model captures the change in shape of distribution and identifies the causes of wage dynamics arising from decentralized wage bargaining, personnel seniority, promotions and professional qualifications changes: a share effect, based on the personnel qualifications structure (weighed with a given average national wage); a shift effect, based on average wages dynamic (weighed with observation-specific personnel qualifications structure). Thanks to the use of simple relationships, the model is designed for maximum flexibility in use and it is an efficient tool for applications and analyses at the political-institutional level. Description of the results of applications reveals some of the model's analysis potentialities, making particular reference to the ability to control wage dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article assesses the impact of European policies coordination on German industrial relations at national level and the possible consequences for supranational economic governability. It evaluates the effect of the modes of governance of the European Union (EU) economic policy on wage bargaining systems. It examines European labor market policies and factors that have brought changes and developments in industrial relations.

In applying Title VII, courts are often confronted with proposed religious accommodations that would negatively affect other employees and must decide whether such an accommodation amounts to an undue hardship on the employer. However, there is a conflict among circuit courts over the scope of an employer's duty to accommodate religious employees when doing so would negatively affect coworkers' scheduling preferences, outside the context of a collective bargaining agreement. The conflict turns on whether courts consider any negative impact on coworkers to amount to impermissible preferential treatment, or whether they require that the defendant demonstrate a more severe impact on coworkers' rights before finding that the accommodation would present an undue hardship. This Note argues that preferential treatment of the religious employee exists only when the proposed accommodation infringes on coworkers' contractually protected rights, creates an economic burden on the employer, or requires coworkers to take on additional, physically hazardous tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theoretical literature has argued that a centralized wage bargaining system may result in low regional wage differentiation and high regional unemployment differentials. The empirical literature has found that centralized wage bargaining leads to lower wage inequality for different skills, industries and population groups, but the evidence on its impact on regional wage differentiation is scant. Empirical evidence in this paper for European Union regions for the period 1980-2000 suggests that countries with more coordinated wage bargaining systems have lower regional wage differentials, after controlling for regional productivity and unemployment differentials. Estimates from wage curves for Germany and Italy based on panels of regions also suggest some links between the estimated elasticities and the level of coordination in wage bargaining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this article is to analyse the institutional framework of labour market function. Theoretical literature has created a set of institutional aspects such as employment protection legislation, structure of wage bargaining, taxation of labour, active labour market policies, the system of unemployment benefits. On the basis of these institutional aspects and their setting we can judge general labour market setting or we can determine the dimension of labour market flexibility. Attention is also paid to influence of these institutional aspects on employment or unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theoretical literature has argued that a centralized wage bargaining system may result in low regional wage differentiation and high regional unemployment differentials. The empirical literature has found that centralized wage bargaining leads to lower wage inequality for different skills, industries and population groups, but has not investigated its impact on regional wage differentiation. Empirical evidence in this paper for EU regions suggests that countries with more coordinated wage bargaining systems have lower regional wage differentials, after controlling for regional productivity and unemployment differentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines an economy with following properties. Attempts to restrain illegal immigration incur costs. Illegal workers can work only in the competitive sector. Workers and employers bargain over wages in the unionized sector and lobby the government for immigration policy and workers' bargaining power. The main findings are as follows. If the government can determine legal immigration, then it expropriates rents from labor unions. In that case, neither workers nor employers are worse off, if legal immigration is increased by an international agreement. High per worker public spending involves border enforcement and the protection of union power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologie is the property of Amsterdam University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyses the interaction between inter-industry wage differentials and the gender wage gap in six European countries using a unique harmonised matched employer-employee data set, the 1995 European Structure of Earnings Survey. Findings show the existence of significant inter-industry wage differentials in all countries for both sexes. While their structure is quite similar for men and women and across countries, their dispersion is significantly larger in countries with decentralised bargaining. Further results indicate that industry effects on the gender wage gap fluctuate sharply across European countries. In particular, our results show that combined industry effects explain 29 per cent of the gender wage gap in Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue L'Annee Sociale is the property of Institut de Sociologie de l'Universite Libre de Bruxelles and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the debate over the relationship between wages and productivity and their effect on commodity prices and the competitiveness of international trade goods. The classic economic argument that rising wages would have a positive effect on labor productivity under certain circumstances is assessed. The view that foreign trade policy that insists on wage regulation based on the cost of living is compared to the ‘economy of the low wage,’ which posits that increased wages reduce the incentive to work and leads to decreased productivity.

Reports on the collective agreement between Abitibi–Consolidated Inc. and communications, Energy and Paperworks Union of Canada. Terms of the agreement; Percentage of the wage increases.