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Oral cavity and perioral area are constantly exposed to a variety of antigens, including food and additives, which have a potential role in the development of different oral mucosal and perioral cutaneous diseases since they can cause hypersensitivity reactions. Oral and perioral diseases mainly include angioedema, burning mouth syndrome, cheilitis, gingivostomatitis, oral lichenoid reactions, and perioral dermatitis. Previous studies were focused on delayed-type oral allergies by performing patch testing but did not include tests for immediate-type allergic reactions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine common nutritive and additive allergens in the prevalent oral and perioral diseases by using skin prick tests. Our study evaluated 230 participants, i.e. 180 patients with oral/perioral diseases (angioedema, burning mouth syndrome, cheilitis, gingivostomatitis, oral lichenoid reactions, and perioral dermatitis), and 50 healthy control subjects. The results of skin prick tests showed that immediate-type allergic reactions to food and additives were mostly seen in patients with burning mouth syndrome (40%) and cheilitis (33.3%), whereas allergies were least frequently observed in perioral dermatitis (10%) and gingivostomatitis (20%). Fruits, mushrooms, and vegetables were the most frequent causes of nutritive allergies in oral and perioral diseases. The most commonly identified additive allergens were glutaraldehyde, citric acid, and sodium glutamate. Study results suggest the possible association with nutritive and additive allergies be considered in cases of persistent oral mucosal or perioral skin disease accompanied by respective medical history., Usna šupljina i perioralna regija izložene su različitim antigenima, osobito hrani i aditivima, koji imaju potencijalnu ulogu u razvoju različitih bolesti oralne sluznice i perioralne kože s obzirom na to da mogu potaknuti reakcije preosjetljivosti. Oralne i perioralne bolesti najčešće se manifestiraju kao angioedem, sindrom pekućih usta, heilitis, gingivostomatitis,oralne lihenoidne reakcije ili perioralni dermatitis. Dosadašnje studije usmjerile su se na istraživanje kasne alergijske preosjetljivosti kod bolesti oralne sluznice koristeći samo epikutane (patch) testove. Stoga je cilj našeg istraživanja bio odrediti najčešće nutritivne i aditivne alergene u oralnim i perioralnim bolestima primjenom kožnog ubodnog (prick) testa. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno ukupno 230 ispitanika, tj. 180 bolesnika s oralnim/perioralnim bolestima (angioedem, sindrom pekućih usta, heilitis, gingivostomatitis, oralne lihenoidne reakcije i perioralni dermatitis) i 50 zdravih ispitanika. Rezultati kožnih ubodnih testova pokazali su da su alergijske reakcije rane preosjetljivosti na hranu i aditive najčešće uočene u bolesnika sa sindromom pekućih usta (40%) i heilitisom (33,3%), dok su najrjeđe opažene u bolesnika s gingivostomatitisom (20%) i perioralnim dermatitisom (10%). Najučestaliji uzrok nutritivnih alergijskih reakcija u oralnim i perioralnim bolestima bilo je različito voće, gljive i povrće, a najčešće identificirani aditivni alergeni bili su glutaraldehid, limunska kiselina i natrijev glutamat. Rezultati našeg istraživanja upućuju na to da kod ustrajnih bolesti oralne sluznice ili perioralne kože te značajnih povezanih anamnestičkih podataka treba razmotriti moguću povezanost s nutritivnim i aditivnim alergijama.

Oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) and numerous alterations of oral mucosa remain unsolved due to their complex etiopathogenesis. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), in particular, have been reported as the possible risk factors or cofactors. The aim of the study was to determine the association of different HPV types with oral premalignant lesions, and the potential role of smoking and alcohol use. Eighty patients (mean age ± SD, 52.45±5.56) of both genders, 19 (23.75%) male and 61 (76.25%) female, were enrolled in the study. Study group included 40 patients diagnosed with OPLs (leukoplakia, erythroplakia, actinic keratosis and lichen planus), while control group included another 40 patients with healthy oral mucosa. Genotyping of the HPV types was performed by qualitative real-time HPV typing polymerase chain reaction test. HPV DNA was detected in 30% (12/40) of study group patients and 2.5% (1/40) of control group patients. The results revealed the presence of HPV16 in 15% (6/40), HPV56 in 10% (4/40), and HPV18 in 5% (2/40) of study group cases, and HPV31 in 1 (2.5%) control group patient. Th e association of oral HPV positivity and smoking/alcohol use in the study group was not statistically signifi cant (p>0.05). In conclusion, high-risk HPV types are associated with oral premalignant disorders. However, it remains unknown whether HPV acts as an innocent bystander or it has a role in initiating development of premalignant lesions. Smoking and alcohol use were not associated with the existing oral HPV infection., Oralne premaligne lezije (OPL) kao i brojne promjene oralne sluznice ostaju neriješene zbog njihove složene etiopatogeneze. Humani papilomavirusi (HPV) osobito su naglašeni kao mogući čimbenici i su-čimbenici rizika. Cilj ove studije bio je utvrditi udruženost različitih tipova HPV s OPL kao i potencijalnu ulogu pušenja i alkohola. U studiju je bilo uključeno 80 pacijenata (srednja dob ± SD, 52,45±5,56 godina) obaju spolova: 19 (23,75%) muškaraca i 61 (76,25%) žena. Skupinu ispitanika s OPL činilo je 40 pacijenata s dijagnosticiranom OPL (leukoplakija, eritroplakija, aktinična keratoza i lihen planus), dok je kontrolnu skupinu činilo 40 pacijenata sa zdravom oralnom sluznicom. Genotipizacija tipova HPV provedena je kvalitativnim real-time PCR testom. HPV DNK je otkrivena u 30% (12/40) uzoraka ispitivane skupine pacijenata i 2,5% (1/40) uzoraka kontrolne skupine. Rezultati su pokazali prisutnost HPV16 kod 15% (6/40), HPV56 kod 10% (4/40) i HPV18 kod 5% (2/40) uzoraka skupine s OPL, a HPV31 u jednom (2,5%) uzorku kontrolne skupine. Udruženost pozitivnih nalaza za oralni HPV i navika pušenja/alkohola u ispitivanoj skupini nije bila statistički značajna. U zaključku, visoko rizični tipovi HPV udruženi su s OPL, međutim, ostaje nepoznato djeluje li HPV kao nevini suputnik ili možda ima ulogu u razvoju tih lezija. Pušenje i alkohol nisu povezani s postojećom oralnom HPV infekcijom.

Elderly people, especially those institutionalized in long-term care facilities, are at risk of various oral diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of hyposalivation and colonization/oral fungal infection of oral cavity with yeasts, as well as dental status in institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly. The study included 280 institutionalized and 61 non-institutionalized elderly people. Salivary flow rate, oral colonization with yeasts/oral infection and dental status were assessed and compared between the groups. The institutionalized elderly had a significantly lower salivary flow rate (p=0.035). Oral colonization with yeasts was more frequently found in institutionalized elderly (p, Osobe starije životne dobi podložnije su razvoju oralnih bolesti, a osobito su osjetljive osobe smještene u ustanove za starije i nemoćne. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi dentalni status, razinu lučenja sline i infekciju usne šupljine kvasnicama kod starijih osoba. Istraživanje je uključivalo 341 ispitanika, 280 osoba smještenih u ustanovi i 61 osobu koja živi samostalno. Između skupina uspoređivana je količina izlučene sline, kolonizacija odnosno oralna infekcija kvasnicama i dentalni status. Kod osoba smještenih u ustanovi za starije i nemoćne zabilježena je značajno niža razina lučenja sline (p=0,035) te češća kolonizacija i infekcija kvasnicama (p

Permanent immunosuppression is necessary to prevent rejection after kidney transplantation. However, it may predispose patients to different conditions and diseases including oral lesions. The most common benign oral lesions in kidney transplant recipients are gingival hyperplasia, oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia and saburral tongue. Oral form of Kaposi sarcoma, although rarely, can also be seen in kidney transplant patients. In this review, we present the incidence, etiology, clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment options for these lesions. For kidney transplant recipients, it is important to maintain good oral hygiene and care, as well as regular professional control by the dentist. This approach can reduce the number and severity of oral lesions., Nakon transplantacije bubrega bolesnici moraju biti na trajnoj imunosupresiji, što ih čini osjetljivima za različita stanja i bolesti uključujući oralne lezije. Najčešće dobroćudne oralne lezije kod bolesnika s transplantiranim bubregom su hiperplazija gingive, oralna kandidijaza, vlasasta leukoplakija i obloženi jezik. Oralna forma Kaposijevog sarkoma također se, iako rijetko, može vidjeti kod bolesnika s transplantiranim bubregom. Donosimo pregled incidencije, etiologije, kliničke slike, dijagnoze i liječenja ovih lezija. Kod bolesnika s transplantiranim bubregom važna je redovita skrb za oralno zdravlje uz održavanje oralne higijene te redovite posjete liječnicima dentalne medicine, što sve može smanjiti broj i ozbiljnost oralnih lezija.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid reaction (OLR) are clinically and histopathologically similar diseases. Whereas OLP is a consequence of T cell mediated autoinflammatory process to a still unknown antigen, OLR might be caused by drugs, dental restorative materials and dental plaque. Pubmed was searched and 24 publications published over the last three years regarding etiology, diagnosis and malignant alteration were included in this study. Patients with OLR who have amalgam fillings near lesions should have them replaced, i.e. when possible they should be referred to patch test, as well as when drug-induced OLR are suspected. OLR lesions induced by drugs should disappear when the offending drug has been discontinued. Histology finding in OLR consists of more eosinophils, plasma cells and granulocytes in comparison to OLP lesions. Furthermore, OLP lesions showed more p53, bcl-2 and COX-2 positivity when compared to OLR. OLP is characterized by infiltration, atrophic epithelium, rete pegs and Max Joseph spaces, while deep infiltration into connective tissue and hyperkeratosis were the criteria for making the diagnosis of OLR. The number of degranulated mastocytes in the reticular layer, as well as the number of capillaries was higher in OLR in comparison to OLP. It seems that OLR are more prone to malignant alteration in comparison to OLP., Oralni lihen planus (OLP) i oralna lihenoidna reakcija (OLR) su dvije klinički i patohistološki slične bolesti. OLP je posljedica autoimunog procesa koji je posredovan T limfocitima na još uvijek nepoznati antigen, a OLR može biti uzrokovana lijekovima, dentalnim materijalima i dentalnim plakom. Cilj je ovoga preglednog rada bio istražiti Pubmed te su uključena 24 rada koja su publicirana u posljednje tri godine, a s obzirom na etiologiju, dijagnostiku i malignu alteraciju ovih bolesti. Oboljeli od OLR koji u blizini lezija imaju amalgame trebaju ih zamijeniti kompozitnim ispunima, odnosno kad je moguće treba ih uputiti na patch test, kao i onda kada se sumnja da je OLR uzrokovana lijekovima. OLR uzrokovane lijekovima trebale bi se povući kada osoba prestane uzimati suspektni lijek. Patohistološki nalaz u OLR se sastoji od više eozinofila, plazma stanica i granulocita u usporedbi s lezijama kod OLP. Nadalje, lezije OLP imaju više pozitivnih nalaza p53, bcl-2 i COX-2 u usporedbi s lezijama OLR. OLP obilježava infiltracija, atrofični epitel, zupci pile i Max Josephovi prostori, dok OLR karakterizira dublja infiltracija u vezivno tkivo i hiperkeratoza. Broj degranuliranih mastocita u retikularnom sloju, kao i broj kapilara je veći u OLR u usporedbi s OLP. Čini se kako su OLR sklonije malignoj alteraciji u odnosu na OLP.