1. Effects of Unsweetened Preloads and Preloads Sweetened with Caloric or Low-/No-Calorie Sweeteners on Subsequent Energy Intakes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Human Intervention Studies
- Author
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Carolina Venditti, Kathy Musa-Veloso, Theresa Poon, Samer Hamamji, Han Youl Lee, Maia M. Jack, and Daniel Noori
- Subjects
ad libitum ,food intake ,Calorie ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,postprandial ,Review ,Beverages ,Eating ,AcademicSubjects/MED00060 ,Animal science ,Humans ,Medicine ,Meals ,Meal ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,caloric sweetener ,acute ,food and beverages ,Caloric theory ,noncaloric sweetener ,Sweetness ,Preload ,Postprandial ,Sweetening Agents ,Taste ,Meta-analysis ,preload ,short-term ,energy intake ,Energy intakes ,low-calorie sweetener ,business ,human activities ,Food Science - Abstract
Effects of isocaloric (sweetness differences but constant calories) preloads and isosweet (caloric differences but constant sweetness) preloads, as well as preloads that were neither isosweet nor isocaloric (sweetness and caloric differences) on subsequent ad libitum meal and total (preload + ad libitum) energy intakes were investigated. Thirty-five crossover studies were eligible for inclusion, representing 116 comparisons (41, isocaloric; 41, isosweet; and 34, neither isosweet nor isocaloric). References of existing reviews and literature from 4 databases were searched. The calculated raw mean differences in ad libitum and total energy intakes were pooled in meta-analyses using a random-effects model and the inverse of the variance as the weighting factor. Energy intakes at an ad libitum meal were significantly lower for low-/no-calorie sweetener (LNCS)–sweetened compared with unsweetened preloads in the isocaloric comparison (−55.5 kcal; 95% CI: −82.9, −28.0 kcal; P
- Published
- 2021