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Wood is biomass made from lignocellulose, the main raw material for pulp production, both species of hardwood and softwood. Utilization of as much wood as possible, including less-known wood species, is widely open because the availability of good quality wood for industry raw materials is increasingly limited. In general, all wood species can be used for paper pulp. But the selection of types of lignocellulosic material with specific properties, such as physical, anatomical and chemical, play an important role in efficiently using wood as raw materials for pulp and paper. This research was carried out to examine wood properties (specific gravity, fiber quality and cellulose content) of four less-known hardwoods from natural tropical rainforest in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia and assessed their potential use for paper pulp. Those hardwood species comprised of cempedak (Artocarpus integer Merr.), jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus Hav.), saling-saling (Artocarpus teysmanii Miq.) and simpur (Dillenia serrata Thunb.). The specific gravity determined by the weight of oven dried wood and volume of air dried wood where the wood volume be measured by water immersion method, the fiber dimensions measured through maceration preparations which was made using the Franklin procedure, while TAPPI method used for chemical analysis. In condition to paper pulp raw material, the specific gravity (0.40 – 0.69) is categorized as moderate, the fiber quality is classified as good (class II), and cellulose content (40.12% - 52.47%) is categorized as moderate to high for all those less-known hardwoods. All four less-known hardwoods studied potentially use for paper pulp raw materials. But simpur has the most potential due to long fiber and higher specific gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the increase of online learning platforms, obtaining learning behavior data from students, are becoming easy. However, analyzing the data to extract meaningful information remains challenging due to the data volume and complexity. Here, we apply Self-organizing Maps (SOM) to visualize the learning characteristics of many elementary students over many online assignments in mathematics class. As a case study, this research used the data log of MONSAKUN, a digital learning environment that focuses on exercising arithmetic using story-based questions by using a problem-posing approach with the integration of mathematical sentences. Our primary objective is to give intuitive understanding to the teachers regarding the students' performance that subsequently allows the teachers to generate meaningful advices. Here, SOM generates a two-dimensional map that preserved the topological order of high-dimensional learning characteristics data, in which students with similar learning characteristics are located close to each other, while students with significantly different characteristics are distanced from each other. We are interested especially in locating low-performing students, as they are the most important to be given advice by the teachers. By locating the low-performing students and other students in their vicinity on the map, the teacher may be able to use other students as references for improving the low-performing students' performances. The idea is to mimic the learning characteristics of the students designated as references. Due to the learning characteristics similarity, the low-performing students do not need to make drastic changes in their learning styles. It can be expected that by iterating this process over many assignments, the students' performances will gradually be improved. In this paper, we utilized a digital learning platform MONSAKUN, for learning arithmetic used in Japan. In this paper, we present our preliminary results in the form a learning-visualization of characteristics students of analytical and advisory tools and described our future goals for building a more flexible and general tool that can be deployed in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance based design is believed to be the next important alternative design method for designing high rise building in Indonesia. This method can also be used to evaluate existing building in order to check the building's performance level. This paper will discuss HALIM High Speed Railway Station project, which is a train station consist of 3 stories with a 226,8 meters long railway on the third floor. Jakarta Building Authority/TABG (Tim Ahli Bangunan Gedung) considers HALIM Station also as a bridge infrastructure rather than just an ordinary building; and not to mention that HALIM Station is the first high-speed railway station in Indonesia. Therefore, in order to make sure the structural safety, TABG requested to do a Performance Based Design analysis to check the response modification factor (R) and its performance level. While there are several ways to perform performance based design, this paper will use non-linear static pushover analysis only. Pushover analysis will be applied on the model based on seismic parameters referred to Indonesian code SNI 1726:2012 and also SNI 1726:2019 even though HALIM Station have been designed before the SNI 1726:2019 is enforced thoroughly. The result shows that all the code methods used on pushover analysis give the same Immediate Occupancy (IO) performance level category. Furthermore, the response modification factor (R) obtained by pushover analysis is greater than the originally defined. Thus, the structural design using the original response modification factor of 8 is on the safe side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main problems faced in the property management industry especially in Indonesia is limited knowledge or even ignorance of the important role of information technology and information systems in supporting and developing their business. Whereas in a world that is currently heading towards the digital industry and the trend of industry 4.0 which is on the rise, IT and IS components are needed. This paper will explain the important role of IT and IS to help understand their use, and how they can help businesses to grow in the property management industry which is increasingly competitive. The research method used in compiling this paper is in the form of observation of problems in the field. The result of this research is an Information Technology Support Model in the use of information technology to support the property management business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the advancement of technology, Indonesia's focus has shifted to the enhancement and simplification of everyday transactions. This is highly common in the widespread use of e-wallets as a payment method for digital transactions involving multiple verification methods, including PIN, Password, Face Recognition and others. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 385 respondents from generation Z in Indonesia who utilized face recognition as a security verification method for digital transactions. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the security and efficacy of facial recognition in digital wallet payment verification applications as experienced by users. With the use of the TAM model's analysis, it is proved that all the variables used are significantly related, allowing one to conclude that the safety and efficacy that are possessed are adequate. This paper also supports the growth of trust factors and reasonings for the usage of face recognition in digital transaction self-verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Indonesia's National Guidelines on Green Buildings (Kemen PUPR No,21,2021) called Penilaian Kinerja Bangunan Gedung Hijau (BGH), green buildings are mandatory for new and existing buildings. As environmental concerns grow, the Government uses these ratings to control energy consumption. A government initiative aims to increase demand for environmentally friendly buildings. This paper evaluates BGH's green building rating system for project certification in two Indonesian cities, Jakarta and Padang Paser Utara. Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, the largest and one of the most populous urban city in Indonesia. Moreover, the new Indonesia capital city, Nusantara, will be built in Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan. Using the results of this research, recommendations and suggestions can be given related to the design of green buildings both in Jakarta and Penajam Paser Utara. Evaluations will be conducted on simple residential buildings. The results of these studies indicate that designers and architects may have difficulty incorporating this rating systems into their designs. An evaluation of BGH ratings and sustainability analysis can be performed with building information modeling and a conceptual framework is presented toward the end of this paper. A rating system's success depends heavily on discussion among all stakeholders, including architects, engineers, environmentalists, governments, and communities. Indonesian experts in the building sector should take part in and contribute to this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is based on the problem of microplastics found in water, where plastic packaging is now widely used in food and beverage packaging and raises social concerns about its health effects. The microplastics, small plastic particles with a size of 5 mm or less, found in the body can be toxic, cause hormonal imbalances, heart disease, infertility, and obesity. Research on methods for analyzing microplastics in water is still limited in Indonesia, this study identify and analyze the microplastic content in the drinking water and its saurce in Indonesia using raman spectroscopy method. The analysis of microplastics content was performed on various drinking water samples and their sources. The test included 7 water samples from different brands, water sources and different water bottle industries in Indonesia. Content analysis was performed in three stages, starting with the preparatory stage, the filtration process. The filtration process is performed using filter paper that matches the size of the sample to be inspected. In addition, various particles trapped in the filter paper were analyzed under a microscope to separate the microplastic particles. At last, a raman spectroscopy test was performed to determine the type of microplastics present in the contents of the water sample. Through the analysis and study of the content of various water samples carried out, the analyzed water content found various types of microplastics in the form of fragments, fibers, filaments, and films, most of which were PET (Polyethylene terephthalate). There are also found to be polypropylene and PVC (Polyvinyl chloride). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The steel industries account for 6% of the world's CO2 emissions. The number of emissions will continue to increase as the steel industry in Indonesia grows. Generally, steel production uses blast furnaces which can produce large CO2 emissions. The blast furnace process emissions called blast furnace gas (BFG) contain 20.7% mol of CO2. The high CO2 content also causes the calorific value of the gas to be low, so the gas must be purified to increase its calorific value to be used for power generation. In addition, the steel industry also produces steel slag as waste with a high CaO content (45.2%) but with low economic value. To increase its economic value, CaO content can be used to absorb CO2 from BFG to produce Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC). The use of PCC is very broad for various industrial needs, such as a filler in the paper industry which can increase paper brightness. Therefore, the "Precipitated Calcium Carbonate from Blast Furnace Gas and Steel Slag" plant is expected to be a solution to reduce CO2 emissions from the steel industry. BFG and steel slag as raw materials were obtained from PT. Krakatau Posco. The PCC production process consists of three main stages, namely: (1) Pre-Treatment Steel Slag; (2) Carbonation; and (3) Purification. In the pre-treatment stage, the pH-swing method was used to extract CaO with NH4Cl solvent using pH control. The use of NH4Cl solution is advantageous because it can be recycled. This process obtained a solution of CaCl2 and NH4OH, which was then reacted with CO2 from BFG in a bubble column reactor, resulting in a carbonation process. In the reactor, PCC (CaCO3) and several impurities are formed. The PCC solids formed will then be filtered, dried, and reduced in size so that the moisture content and size are under PCC specifications for the paper industry. Besides producing PCC, purified BFG will be recycled and used as fuel for power generation. The plant location is integrated with PT. Krakatau Posco in the industrial area, Cilegon, Banten, West Java, with a production capacity of 12,750 tons/year. From the results of the economic analysis, with the capital expenditure (capex) of about IDR 337 million and operational expenditure (OPEX) of about IDR 89 million: the payback period is about 6.35 years, and the break-even point (BEP) is 32.38%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for renewable energy is highly increasing worldwide to fulfil energy demand as well as reduce the impact of global warming. Indonesia as the most extensive archipelago face real challenge to power its remote areas with green electricity. This paper assesses economically the idea of hybrid power plant of solar and/or biomass to electrify Indonesian remote areas with green electricity. Furthermore, the carbon credit as an additional income of this project is estimated using CDM methodology. The project is proposed in Sakti, Batukandik, and Batumadeg villages in Nusa Penida Island, Bali; the ER are 7460.57, 2587.10, and 9044.84 tCO2e/year, accordingly. The IRR is analyzed under two scenarios: the initial electricity cost of USD 0.15/kWh and the reduced cost of USD 0.10/kWh including carbon credits and biochar sales. The sensitivity analysis is conducted to observe the effect of most tentative variables towards the IRR. Furthermore, determining the feasibility of this project by analyzing the ERR is assessed to be important, whether it is profitable for the community or not. For the ERR analysis, there are two results calculations. The ERR value with the application of carbon credits shows 32.66%. In comparison, the ERR value without the application of carbon credits shows 28.19%. These values are obtained from several parameter calculations in the ERR analysis in this study. It consists of a consumer surplus, which is computed from the benefits obtained by PLN. Then, the producer surplus and job increases are computed from the benefits obtained by the community if this project is executed. This paper result has essential role in contribution to social, economic, and environmental goal for sustainable development and supporting national economic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID 19 disease has spread worldwide, disrupting the economy, society, education, and health. It became crucial to understand the transmission curve and identify the best action in combating this highly transmissible epidemic. Epidemiological parameters of the deterministic Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model are widely used in explaining the characteristics and behavior of the disease spreading. Disease like COVID-19 is highly influenced by the uncontrolled factors of randomness, hence in this paper, the deterministic susceptible-infected-recovered-death (SIRD) model is extended to the stochastic SIRD (SSIRD) model. SSIRD model takes into consideration the noisy behavior of the process which explains the uncontrolled effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. The epidemiological parameter of the model changes throughout the epidemic due to external factors such as enforcement and public obedience to the control measures as well as the changes in healthcare facilities. These parameters need to be estimated. This paper estimates the epidemiological parameters of the SSIRD model using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method of the Metropolis Hasting algorithm. The COVID-19 data from Malaysia and Indonesia are used and the dynamical behavior of the COVID-19 outbreak in both countries is simulated. The results show the parameter changing due to the uncontrolled factors influencing the trend of the pandemic curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement (PPKM) during the Covid-19 pandemic reduced activities in the transportation sector. This paper presents the measurement of Carbon Monoxide (CO) concentrations during the PPKM in Makassar City, Indonesia. The samples were collected weekly from August to September 2021 from two traffic-heavy roads using Tedlar bags and a vacuum pump and then analyzed using the Non-Dispersive Infrared method (NDIR). Results showed that the average concentrations of CO on the first street in the morning, midday, and afternoon were 826.63±83.34 µg/m3, 685.65±57.43 µg/m3, 861.6±59.79 µg/m3, respectively; and on the second street were 875.46±77.80 µg/m3, 741.80±62.95 µg/m3, 833.04±44.80 µg/m3, respectively. These CO concentrations measured during the PPKM are lower than those measured before the PPKM on the same sites, reported in another paper. The concentrations are also much lower than those of the Air Quality Standard in Makassar, 30,000 µg/m3. This finding implies that similar policies to reduce traffic and pollution, such as car-free-day, should be enacted to improve air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban planners often have a good vision for the urban environment, but that vision is usually limited to visual aesthetics. The sound-based qualitative perspective of the urban environment, which includes sonic and ecological diversity in urban design, is generally ignored. The soundscape approach can be the most effective system for application in urban planning. This paper aims to apply the soundscape approach to urban planning and explore the impact of sound on the formation of urban open spaces through a case study of the Surakarta City parks Indonesia. A mixture of quantitative and qualitative research methods was used. The quantitative method was used to measure background noise using a sound level meter and visualize with a surfer mapping software. The qualitative method was used to observe behavior, the physical environment and perception through interviews. In this context, the paper concludes that the concept of the soundscape is a well-established theme in acoustic environments to identify acoustic data that is compared with the human perception of the environment. Human perceptions of the natural environment and elements of natural sounds, as physical factors, can shape human settlements into a better living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in technology are a double-edged sword in terms of nuclear safety and security. In recent years, the increased use of drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has created both opportunities and new threats to nuclear security. UAV intervention has a wide range of applications that could be a threat to nuclear facility, including aerial shooting, the possibility of stealth smuggling of prohibited substances and objects both to and from nuclear facility protected areas, or sabotage with potential damage to critical infrastructure elements, blackouts, and looting. As a result, nuclear facilities that lack effective means of detecting and combating UAV may be vulnerable to the spread of dangerous materials and terrorist sabotage attacks. Considering the various UAV threats, nuclear facilities must take practical measures to protect themselves at the facility level based on the established UAV threat criteria such as early detection and identification, appropriate response and disablement measures. The action taken to ensure that a nuclear facility is prepared to withstand UAV threat include ensuring that regulations exist as a legal basis and that a nuclear facility has a Physical Protection System (PPS) capable of carrying out detect, delay, and response functions. Many international governments have issued warnings to small UAV (drones) owners, urging them to obtain official licenses before flying their photography drones. The use of UAVs in Indonesia is governed by Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number PM 27 of 2021, PM 37 of 2020, PM 63 of 2021, and PM 34 of 2021. The purpose of this paper is to examine the readiness of PPS in Serpong Nuclear Facility, and the result of this paper will be used as a recommendation for developing the PPS and/or the nuclear security regulation in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of green building is believed to be a key factor in achieving sustainable development in the building sector. The Green Building Council Indonesia is responsible for the development and deployment of green buildings in Indonesia, and has released version 1.2 of the Greenship rating tools for evaluating new green buildings. The use of renewable energy sources in green buildings is highly encouraged, with one point awarded for every 0.5% of energy usage covered by renewable energy, up to a maximum of five points. The installation of rooftop PV systems is a popular choice for renewable energy in many governmental green-rated buildings, but it is important to determine the ideal capacity to prevent overpriced installation costs. This paper proposes a method where the focus is on gaining maximum points in renewable energy and minimizing investment costs, rather than maximizing installed capacity. This approach can reduce capacity by up to 68%. Another important consideration is choosing the optimum grid connectivity type, and the paper discusses the options of on-grid or zero export schemes. Zero export scheme is chosen for this case since the capacity of the PV system is much smaller than the grid power connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While cigarette use has been addressed as a global health problem, most smokers still find difficulties and barriers in accessing health facilities or finding a suitable method to quitting the habit. This paper will discuss the study exploring a self-help group on an online-based platform, namely Facebook, in Indonesia. This study adopted quasi-experimental, with pre and post-test using the control group as the previous ethical clearance. The respondents consisting of thirty-two smokers were recruited on non-probability sampling with the purposive sampling method. The data were collected by using a valid (r=0,666) and reliable (r=0,846) Richmond Test motivation questionnaire. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyse them further. The study revealed low participation on the online platform with discussion based on a self-help group. There was no significant motivation improvement among the experimental group after the intervention, as well as no significant difference in motivation improvement between the control and the experimental group upon pursuing the program (p>0,05, t=0,058). In terms of low involvement, an online platform was less effective in improving quit-smoking motivation among smokers. Further research is needed to develop more interactive and longer interventions to facilitate cost-effective smoking cessation through social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive utilization of firewood faced problems related to deforestation and harmful emissions. Indonesia experiences the fastest deforestation rate in the world (1000 km2/year). Household air pollution (HAP) resulting from the smoke of burning firewood causes premature deaths of around 165,000 to 68,000 each year in Indonesia. Liquified petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity are projected to be clean energy sources for households; however, switching to LPG fuel or electricity for remote rural households is constrained by their limited financial ability. Therefore, shifting the energy supply of rural communities from wood to fuel from agricultural waste can reduce the risk of deforestation, while reducing HAP is done by forming it into bio-briquettes. Manufacturing rice husk (RH) or carbonized rice husk (CRH) for bio-briquette fuels is intended to solve the problem of massive woody biomass and improve the combustion process to reduce the risk of HAP. This paper specifically investigates and compares the physical and chemical properties of RH and CRH as a first step to verifying their potential as bio-briquette materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper depicted the subsurface structure in geothermal prospective area in Mount Talang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Data were gathered from magnetic field yielded from Miligauss Meter at 144 sites surrounding Garara Hot Spring. Magnetic anomaly value was obtained from the raw data and was corrected by using IGRF and diurnal variation. Reduction to pole and upward continuation were applied to remove noise and separate local and regional anomalies. It was then sliced, and subsurface modeling showed that the incision consists of 4 types of layers. The topmost layer was identified as volcanic sedimentary rock dominated by clay. The second layer was rock formed from old pyroclastic deposits, young volcanic rocks, sediments, and lava located at a depth of 250 m to 1800 m. These two layers were assumed to be cap rock. The third layer was interpreted as old volcanic rock consisting of andesitic lava rock and clay alteration at a depth of 1200 to 3800 m. The fourth layer at a depth of more than 3800 m was composed of rhyolitic igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks. This layer was identified as a layer that was a source of heat or hot rock which has continuity with the magma of Mount Talang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longitudinal data consists of repeated observations made from time to time on each individual. The correlation between observations within the same unit in longitudinal data makes the Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) an appropriate method for the analysis of longitudinal data. GLMM will not have a good estimation if the data contains missing values. To solve this problem, the imputation method is used. This paper discusses two imputation methods, namely mean and median row. The missing value is filled with the average or median value of all the values in the subject. It is known that poverty cases in districts/cities in Eastern Indonesia contain the missing value. Thus, poverty cases in these areas can be used as case studies of the data used. The purpose of the study is to form a GLMM model longitudinal with the Poisson response variable on poverty data in Eastern Indonesia to obtain factors that positively and negatively affect poverty in eastern Indonesia and obtain the right method of median row and mean row in the imputation methods to handle missing values based on the AIC value of the resulting estimate using GLMM. A mean row method is recommended to impute the missing values in Longitudinal data of poverty cases in Eastern Indonesia's districts/cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to operational and safety reason the gas obtained from the oil production generally will be burned into gas flare. Furthermore, elimination of gas flaring is a significant and essential step toward ensuring that significant natural resources are not wasted and mitigating climate change. In 2015, a program called Zero Routine Flaring (ZRF) initiated by the World Bank is targeting by 2030. The ZRF program is managed by Global Gas Flaring Reduction (GGFR) and obligates oil corporations and governments to put an end to recurring flare-ups by 2030. Based on the volume of routine gas flaring, current state of flaring gas is 162 MMSCFD. With this number, Indonesia ranks 16th worldwide [1]. The objective of this paper is to review the Indonesian government's regulation of routine gas flares due to the World Bank's initiative about ZRF by 2030. The fact shows that the Indonesian government has issued regulations related to gas flare management through the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 17 year 2021 [2] and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 30 year 2021 [3]. A review of those regulations has been done. Along with the regulations, Oil and Gas companies in Indonesia are also making efforts to reduce routine gas flares, for example, by utilizing gas flares as boiler and gas turbine fuel. These actions successfully decreased Indonesian routine gas flares from 342 MMSCFD in 2012 to 162 MMSCFD in 2021. However, Indonesia's routine gas flares have not yet suited the criteria set by the Government of Indonesia. In conclusion, to achieve the ZRF targets by 2030, oil companies and the Governments, must assist each other in this journey. In addition, it is necessary to improve regulations and gas flare monitor programs and provide fines and incentives for companies that meet the gas flare criteria according to the regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has the largest geothermal potential in the world, recently Indonesia only utilizes 7% of their geothermal to generate electricity. To increase the electricity production, the development of new geothermal power plant is needed, also the optimization of existing geothermal power plant. There are several types of geothermal powerplant system, depends on steam condition and utilization. This paper aimed to analyze the heat loss occurred in geothermal powerplant system X, also compare the cooling system between direct contact condenser (DCC) and indirect contact condenser (ICC). The comparison study has been simulated by using ASPEN HYSIS software. The method used to analyze the heat loss was by calculating exergy in each stream, so that we can calculate the exergy destruction at each process equipment. The result shows that the turbine produced 60 MW of electricity and largest heat loss occur on cooling tower with percentage about 17.64% for ICC system and 18.41% for DCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lowering Covid-19 cases globally and nationally provides a positive indication of economic growth, especially in Batam City, Indonesia. This condition is also followed by increased electrical energy consumption, particularly in residential houses. This paper presents an electrical energy audit process of a residential house using the IKE (Energy Consumption Intensity) parameter. The audit was conducted in a home with a building area of 226 m2 and an electrical capacity of 4400 VA. The result shows that the total electricity consumption of such a house is 1,266.34 kWh per month, to which the air-conditioning system contributed the most prominent electricity consumption of the whole facilities in the house. Providentially, the score of IKE is less than 8.5, which means such a residential house is categorized as very efficient energy consumption. Furthermore, the self-evaluating checklist technique has carried out to find the main factor that affects the electricity consumption of the air-conditioning system. Regarding the highest rating score on the self-evaluating checklist of air conditioning systems, the ceiling has a score of 77.5%. This result means that the ceiling needs to be evaluated to reduce the heat load of the house, which in turn reduces the electrical energy consumption of the air conditioning system. Finally, this work can use as an initial audit framework for assessing electrical energy consumption in residential houses in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The palm oil industry plays a vital role in Indonesia's development. As the world's largest CPO producer and exporter, Indonesia earns substantial gains in foreign currencies from palm oil, and its derivative trades bring stability and security to Indonesia's economy. Despite those significant benefits, the sector has drawn both national and international criticism for its negative environmental and social impact. This paper aims to conduct a systematic LCA evaluation guided by the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC 2015) methodology to establish an ecological profile of CPO production. A GHG Audit was conducted by using activity data derived from the company's record data and from other available literature. Following the methodology prescribed by the ISCC, this study found that 0.64 KgCO2eq is emitted per KgCPO produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Padang is one of the metropolitan cities in Indonesia and the capital city of West Sumatra Province. As a metro city, traffic jams are one of the city's problems, especially at adjacent intersections. Isolated traffic management applied in the city has yet to successfully solve the problem. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of some intersections if traffic signal coordination is applied. In this simulation study, PTV Vissim software was used. The study's findings indicated that traffic signal coordination would improve the traffic performance of the intersection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction industry as one of the sectors that causes climate change must start paying attention to environmental impacts. Through the provision of numerous ecosystem services, Green infrastructure (GI) is one of the essential strategies for achieving sustainable development since it can effectively coordinate social, economic, and environmental growth. Thus, GI has been highlighted as a promising strategy to aid cities in adapting to climate change. 197 papers published between 2016 and 2021 were organized and classified using the 7th version of Publish or Perish software as part of this study's literature review methodology. Results show that there has been a significant growth in research on green infrastructure in recent years, with Sustainability Journal dominating the field. The initial top three cited journals that cover GI research are China Earth Sciences, Construction & Building Materials, and Cities. Another set of findings reveals that issues with water, materials, heat, air pollution, and policies-regulation & cost have been particularly focused on. Future research is needed and quite promising, such as: green materials, solutions to water & flood problems, urban heat, and GI regulation are topics that need further research, especially in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of the literature review study is how the development of research results on the Science, Technology, Engineer Mathematic (STEM) Approach in Physics Learning in a bibliometric way and Challenges trends in physics learning research that integrates STEM. An article search used the Scopus Base data conducted on June 19, 2023. Data was collected as metadata, retrieved from Scopus data with the keywords STEM AND physics AND learning from 2006-2023. The results of data collection obtained were 329 articles downloaded with their metadata stored in CVS forms, and the results were rechecked to determine whether all the articles matched the keywords. The data results are in the form of document types consisting of articles, book chapters, conference papers, and conference reviews. Visualization processing with R programming software is carried out with four visualizations consist of annual scientific production, Wordcloud, and Network visualization. The results of this analysis study show that the trend theme of the STEM Approach in physics learning is learning media and computer-aided instruction with a significant annual increase every year in 2020 there were 54 articles, in 2021 there were 94 articles, in 2022 there were 48 articles. Meanwhile, the three largest scientific production countries are the USA with 76 articles; Indonesia with 51 articles; and Thailand with 14 articles. Research trends in 2023 are learning media and your STEM Challenges can be seen from the less trending topic is the influence of STEM on the Creative thinking and critical thinking skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the development of a blended-based sustainable training model. The blended learning model is used to overcome participants' limited time constraints in ongoing training to increase the competency of tourism village community empowerment facilitators. The research method used is development research. The research subjects were community empowerment facilitators in tourist villages, DKI Jakarta, and West Java. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and literature review. Data analysis in this research was carried out using qualitative descriptions. The study results show that conceptually implementing a blended learning-based continuous training model increases facilitators' competence in empowering the Tourism Village community through the stages of input, process, and output analysis. In the input component, the training manager maps the competency of the facilitator's objective conditions; the training process component uses an andragogy approach where participants have self-concept practical experience and can overcome the problems they face; and the output component produces tourism village facilitators who master three competency elements, namely basic, core and special. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and experts have developed various techniques, models, and methods to predict the price movements of cryptocurrencies, especially Bitcoin. However, among the many techniques studied in the literature, there is still a lack of focus on mining, creating, and developing datasets with specific patterns for predicting the next cryptocurrency price movement. This is an exciting reason to conduct further research. A web-based Patterned Dataset Application and a Telegram bot were constructed to address this issue. These tools read the price position of each cryptocurrency and predict the next price direction based on the last position indicated by the Patterned Dataset Application. The experiment's results show that when the Patterned Dataset Application shows a diamond crash position, it is time to make a purchase; conversely, when it shows a diamond moon position, it is time to make a sale. It is hoped that by utilizing the Patterned Dataset Application, potential losses can be minimized, and there is more potential for profit in cryptocurrency trading. Even though the initial data source comes from Indonesia's most prominent digital cryptocurrency trading market, according to coinmarketcap, namely Indodax, the results of this patterned dataset application can often describe the same cryptocurrency conditions globally. The novelty of this research is to produce a new way of predicting the next cryptocurrency price movement using patterned datasets. At the end of this paper, it will be proven that hypothesis 1 and hypothesis 2 on the results of the patterned dataset are true. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is one of the requirements that must be owned by innovative learning. In its development, teachers are required to be able to choose the right learning strategies, not only in planning and assessment but also in the learning process. This paper explores the lesson plans made by teachers in developing learning that empowers HOTS on plant material in senior high school. The research approach is qualitative research with descriptive methods. The documents used in this study were taken from students taking curriculum and learning design courses. The samples used were eight lesson plans using plant themes. From the results obtained, there are four learning approaches developed, including the scientific, concepts, environmental, and STEM approaches. The learning models developed also vary, including Discovery Learning, Project Based Learning (PjBL), Problem-Based Learning (PBL), and Cooperative Learning. The development of these approaches and models is expected to be an inspiration for biology teachers to develop plant material learning in high school, especially in facing the new challenges of the implementation of a new curriculum in Indonesia called Kurikulum Merdeka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic animals have been long time as a source of nutrition. Because human population grows, the demand of aquatic food also grows. It results in wild stock of aquatic animals is depleted and becomes insufficient to supply people's demand. Due to this reason, aquaculture farms are developed and grow. The water of aquaculture pond must be unpolluted and sufficient concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO). Oxygen is available for free in the atmosphere, but it requires a tool, aerator, to dissolve oxygen in the atmosphere into water efficiently. In Indonesia, mechanical paddle wheel aerator is popularly used. A paddle wheel aerator requires electricity to turn the electric motor, then the blades. A lot of aquaculture farms are in remote areas where electricity grid is minimum or even unavailable. In this paper, a concept of individual net zero-energy paddle wheel aerator is proposed. It had been tested 800-Wp solar PV system is able to supply enough electricity to run the aerator with 0.75 HP AC motor. The concept of small package solar PV system for individual aerator makes the system simple and the user can develop the solar PV system for whole facilities gradually depending on the need and available capital. Since the supply of solar energy is intermittent, battery system is necessary to smooth the electricity supply and to provide reference voltage. The research also found that the aerator with 8 blades and 16 holes per blade results in effective DO enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study objective is to produce flipbook on integral topic for 11th grade student that are valid and practical. Based on this paper, hopefully teacher can know how to develop flipbook especially in integral topic. The type of the research is design research with development model used is Plomp model that consisting of two phases: (1) preliminary research, (2) prototyping phase. The subjects of this study were 11th grade students at Sekolah Menengah Atas Pembangunan Laboratorium Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang. The research instruments were interview guides, observation sheets, validity sheets, student practicality sheets, and teacher practicality sheets. This research has produced a very valid and very practical flipbook. Teachers and students gave a good response to this flipbook because it helps them in the learning process. Students said that learning to use flipbooks was more interesting and very useful in today's learning situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian government has taken several policies to break the chain of transmission of the COVID-19 virus infection since the spread of this virus variant was first discovered in March 2020 in Indonesia. One of them is to require everyone to get vaccinated. This national vaccination program has been started since early January 2021 until now and expected to be one of the solutions to control the spread of coronavirus in Indonesia. This paper presents robust k-means to show the cluster of the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia after the implementation of the vaccine policy for Indonesian citizens. The k-means algorithm is an unsupervised machine learning method. This method is well known in clustering. This is a partition clustering algorithm which is widely used in practice but in general, this method is sensitive to the presence of outliers. The variables considered in this study are the number of deaths, the number of recovered patients and the number of patients. Experimental comparisons are made with the basic k-means and robust k-means algorithm. It seems that for data on May, 2021, the cluster with k=3 in the robust case will provide closer risk levels of the provinces in Indonesia with their risk in reality, namely provinces with high, mid and low-level risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature review found that only a few studies in Indonesia have been applied to modeling peatlands fire occurrences. In our previous studies, various machine learning classification approaches are applied to predict forest fire occurrence in the peatlands area. Our previous empirical study found that the datasets of fire hotspot areas, especially for data from the South Kalimantan area, need to be more balanced. In this paper, we consider ADAptive SYNthetic (ADASYN) method for the sampling approach to balance the datasets. We found that by balancing the data, the performance of the classification method can improve about 2-4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as one of the biggest challenge faced by researchers, especially in public health system. Since the virus spread and mutates quickly, strategies are needed so that the public health system doesn't collapse due to overcapacity. Modeling and forecasting accurately the COVID-19 daily new cases is very important to understand and help carry out risk management for the outbreak control. To obtain the estimation of the Indonesian daily cases of COVID-19 based on daily confirmed cases, we present a comparative study between three deep learning methods in this paper: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (Conv-LSTM). The data used is daily confirmed cases from September 1st to September 7th, 2021. The result is Conv-LSTM model produces better performance than other methods. Here we also provide 7 day out-of-sample forecast for daily cases from September 1st to September 7th, 2021 using each model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines our efforts in foresight technology, utilizing the TASDA framework, with a specific focus on the utilization of scenario planning. Scenario planning is a valuable tool for aiding management in comprehending potential future scenarios and making well-informed decisions. In this context, we are applying it to the development of research topics concerning Indonesia's maritime industry. This research aims to enhance stakeholders' understanding of issues related to the growth of maritime research topics in Indonesia, encompassing aspects such as tourism, oceanography, fisheries, infrastructure, energy, and mineral resources. Moreover, the study investigates changes in the strategic environment, including socio-political and economic factors that influence the progression of maritime research in Indonesia. We employ scenario planning analysis to chart the strategic environment and its ramifications on maritime research topics in Indonesia. This includes an examination of both global and national trends. We formulate driving and uncertainty factors within the framework of scenario planning analysis, which are then crafted into strategic environmental scenarios. The outcome of this scenario planning exercise yields four distinct scenarios. This methodology is well-suited for establishing the trajectory of national development aimed at constructing a research-driven maritime industry by 2045. However, achieving these objectives necessitates substantial advancements in science and technology, as delineated in current national policies, rather than adhering to conventional, business-as-usual approaches. To further refine the roadmap for the national maritime research industry, strategic planning and technology road mapping become imperative to optimize progress towards technological confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the studies of peatlands fire occurrences in Indonesia are less studied before. In our previous study, the prediction of the peatlands fire occurrence was modeled using various machine learning classification approaches. It is found that using South Kalimantan Province data, in the empirical study we previously found that the datasets are unbalanced, i.e., the occurrence and the nonoccurrence of fire hotspots areas. In the study presented in this paper, to improve the classification performance, we consider Adaptive Neighbor Synthetic Majority Oversampling Technique (ANS-SMOTE) approach to balance the data. Using the considered empirical data, we found that this method did not always gives improvement in the classification results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, most coal mining systems are carried out using the open pit mining method. This method is considered cheaper and easier to apply in the field but has an impact on the creation of ex-coal mining pits (void). Recent regulation states that every mining company is obliged to carry out reclamation including environment management efforts for mining pits. However, not all mining business actors have complied with this effort, especially companies that do not have official permits. This ex-coal mining pit existence in the new capital city of Indonesia (IKN) delineation area become a crucial issue to be managed appropriately and wisely. The IKN Nusantara is the future capital city of Indonesia designed as a smart forest city, where 75% of the total area is maintained as a green space. This paper describes the management effort than can be carried out in ex-coal mining pit (void) within new capital city (IKN) Nusantara. All of the environmental management efforts for ex-coal mining pit (void) need to be aligned with detailed urban spatial plans in the future. There are several alternative efforts to utilize void that can be carried out, for example, as a source of clean water and raw materials, tourist destinations, sports areas, wildlife wetland habitats that are connected to the surrounding forest, landfills, agricultural reservoirs, and also water sources for forest fire mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 pandemic requires professional teachers to use digital technology, but some students experience obstacles in technology so that it has an impact on their low critical thinking abilities. This paper aims to analyze mathematical critical thinking abilities between students who carry out learning models eliciting activities assisted by Edmodo and conventionally assisted by WhatsApp based on prior knowledge of mathematics. The research method used a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The sample was selected through a homogeneity test from 4 parallel classes of one junior high school in Bandung Indonesia, two classes were selected, namely class VIII A as the experimental class and VIII D as the control class. The instrument uses an initial mathematical ability test and critical thinking abilities. Data analysis uses: Two-way ANOVA test. Findings: There is a difference in the improvement of mathematical critical thinking abilities between experimental class and control class students. There are differences in the achievement of mathematical critical thinking abilities based on prior knowledge of mathematics in the smart, medium and weak categories. Learning models eliciting activities assisted by Edmodo can facilitate the process of construction, interaction and reflection so as to improve students' critical thinking abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various limitation on the direct use of essential oil has stimulate encapsulation technology studies in the recent year. The study aimed to analyze the scope of essential oil encapsulation through a bibliometric analysis. This paper used Scopus database to collecting data about the subjects. VOSviewer was used for network visualization and map constructing. Started from 1988, a total of 1336 publications were collected for analysis. Over the last ten years, the number of articles published has increased significantly. Iran, China, and Brazil are most productive countries, while Indonesia published 26 articles in this topics. Based on VOSviewer visualization, the most influential topics are related to essential oil encapsulation method. However, overlay map showed new emerged author keywords related to the application of essential oil encapsulation for food packaging and microemulsion novel technique by pickering emulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the growth of MOOCs documents Worldwide and in Indonesia. This research method adopts the five-stage method: determine search keyword, initial research, refinement of search results, compile preliminary data statistic and data analysis. The initial search results using the MOOCs keyword getting 5,729 documents from scopus databased spread throughout the world, while the MOOCs keyword is limited in Indonesia only getting 56 documents, the data is specified based on the type of journal article document and obtained 2000 documents spread throughout the world and 27 documents in Indonesia, then journal article data was analyzed to determine the growth of MOOCs research every year, countries with the most MOOCs research, publishers who published the most MOOCs research and articles with the highest citations, then the data was also visualized into VOSViewer to analyze the keywords used, namely the keywords that were most frequently used, newly researched keywords, keyword cluster division and who are the prolific authors who write MOOC topics. From the results of this study it can be concluded that most of the MOOCs research is in the United States, while Indonesia occupies the 24th position out of 104 countries Worldwide, this shows that research on MOOCs in Indonesia is still very small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims for the Indonesian government to pass the Omnibus Law which contained various kinds of legislation. Including the environment which is also regulated in the Omnibus Law. On the one hand, this regulation provides hope for Indonesia's economic growth. However, on the other hand, this regulation has the potential to damage the environment and is not in line with the Indonesian Government's commitment to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which in it weakens instruments for environmental protection and management. The weakening of environmental instruments has the potential to increase greenhouse gas emissions through high carbon activities and investment in fossil energy. Therefore, this paper will critically analyze how the weakening of environmental instruments in the Omnibus Law and the Revision of the Mining Law hampers the fulfillment of Indonesia's greenhouse gas emission reduction targets in the era of restoring national economic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the national industry towards a better industry has a qualitative descriptive category using primary data to analyze the development of industrial waste treatment in Indonesia. This paper discusses the development of the national industry on the results of research showing that to realize industrial processing, a strong foundation is needed, and the transformation of the Indonesian economy in the field of industrial waste treatment through the use of natural resources that provide added value, preparation of additional costs to replace the use of other materials. The industrial structure needed by Indonesia is an industry with strong links with various industrial factories that are more environmentally friendly to the action of minimizing waste in Indonesia and the world. The industrial waste can be in the form of solid, liquid, or gas. Most of them have been processed before being disposed of. However, there are types of waste that are not managed properly, namely plastic waste that is not optimally processed. This can disrupt the environment, such as marine ecosystems. The reason people dispose of plastic waste directly is that the process of handling plastic waste is difficult and takes a long time. With such things, reduced costs in saving natural resources, and the substitution of more environmentally friendly production materials in industrial waste recycling to build a sustainable business and improve company performance when waste is no longer a problem, which can cause difficulties in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to determine the effect of industrial zones on road network performance. The research location is located in the North Malang industrial area which is in the center of Malang City, Indonesia. The first step is to study the existing conditions of industrial land use. The existing condition of the industrial area includes: type of industry, operational status and area of industrial companies. Furthermore, this study examines the characteristics of trips in the industrial area including trips of workers and goods of industrial companies. Analysis of road network performance using the CUBE tool. Evaluation of the influence of industrial areas on road performance is carried out by analyzing existing conditions and simulating conditions without industry. Based on the study of the existing characteristics of the industrial area, 43 industrial companies are still operating with the most influential type of industry is tobacco processing with a total building area of 21.65 Ha. The industrial zone accounts for 8594 worker and goods trips every day. 98% of industrial workers use motorcycles as a means of transportation. 55% of goods trips use light vehicles such as pick-ups / box cars and 40% use heavy vehicles. Based on the results of the analysis in conditions without industry, 7 road sections have a VCR>0.75 which indicates that the condition of the road traversed by industrial activities is in poor condition and requires handling. Various handling scenarios can be developed for further research including scenarios for relocating industrial areas involving ring roads and toll roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global crisis brought on by COVID-19 is unparalleled. Tourism is one of the many industries that have been made public by the recent COVID-19 epidemic. Indonesia itself was affected by the impact that caused a decrease in both foreign and domestic tourists. Smart tourism through the metaverse concept is one of the proposed solutions to deal with this problem, considering that metaverse has been booming lately, so it can attract the attention of tourists who cannot come directly to the tourist attractions. This paper aims to provide new insights regarding how to improve the Indonesian economy through tourism, so people realize the importance of the metaverse in the future. Moreover, we believe that the future of this metaverse will be very bright because the advantages of technology used in the metaverse are very beneficial for users (Blockchain, Crypto, Non-Fungible Token). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted various sectors in Indonesia. One sector that has a significant impact is the tourism industry, especially amusement parks and theme parks. Not much can be expected to attract visitors during a pandemic with just a regular touring video, even though the amusement park maintenance must still exist. This paper aims to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based Dino Park application with Unity and the SCRUM development method. This AR application was created aiming to increase user interest and experience to come to this place, such as virtual touring with AR features, providing a tourist sensation with 3D visuals because it can be moved according to the user's wishes and it is as if they have a virtual guide with information in the form of audio contained in each dinosaur fossil. The results of this study are Based on the results of the user acceptance test, an average of 83% user satisfaction levels with details (85% stated that the application is interactive to use, 83% stated the display is very attractive, 81% of the Dino Park application is very useful for people in in the field of theme park tourism, and 84% state they were satisfied with this application compared to similar applications in terms of features and appearance). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the influence between the business environment and operating strategies on its operational performance. Alignment between the business environment and operating strategy helps to understand how operating capabilities is requiredto achieve goals, particularly its operational performance. In this paper, 96 respondents are the owner and manager of Indonesia's manufacturing industry. Path analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to investigate the relationship between variables. The hypothesis testing results show that the business environment has a positive and significant influence on operation strategy. In contrast, the operating strategy has a positive and significant impact on the company's operational performance. Moreover, the business environment has a negative and insignificant effect on the operational performance of the company. Finally, it is found that the business environment has a positive and significant impact on the company's operating performance through the operation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As well known, Padang is a city with a high risk for earthquake motion. Due to its functionality, Reinforced Concrete (RC) shophouse buildings are commonly constructed in this city. The strong 2009 West Sumatra earthquake resulted in several buildings being damaged, collapsing, including the RC shophouse buildings, and causing fatalities. Almost thirteen years after the earthquake, many of these types of buildings have been constructed. Unfortunately, based on field investigation and analytical studies using pushover analysis have shown that the seismic performance of the existing buildings has not enough to anticipate the damage to the structure caused by the future earthquake. Most of them fall to Damage Control (DC) and Life Safety (LS) levels, indicating that the structure of these RC buildings may damage during a strong earthquake. In this paper, a seismic safe typical structural components of shophouse construction is proposed following the current building code in Indonesia. Evaluating the seismic performance using the ATC-40 standard shows that the proposed these components RC structure is categorized to the Immediate Occupancy (IO) level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in smartphone users as well as sales in Indonesia coupled with the smartphone's short life cycle has raised serious concerns for sustainability. Circular economy has recently becomes one of the important studies which addresses the limitation of natural resources as well as the landfills. Refurbishment and direct reuse are part of circular economy approaches; however, the existence of new low-end smartphones has started to erode the customers' interest in the reuse smartphones. This paper studies the hierarchy of reuse options in smartphones selection using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to identify the decision hierarchy. The AHP results show that both worker and student-alumni groups prioritize their choice on new low-end smartphones. On the other hand, refurbished and secondhand smartphones are part of circular economy activities, where the life of the end-of-use smartphones are extended rather than discarded. Furthermore, we propose several strategies to improve customer behavior to support circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid advancements in digital technology have resulted in a new industrial revolution phenomenon known as Industry 4.0. This revolution introduces modern technologies that enable the connectivity of all components within industries. This paper reviews the current status and progress in Indonesia heading to Industry 4.0. The Indonesia' government has been launched 'Making Indonesia 4.0's' roadmap in 2018 including the five priority industrial sectors namely food and beverages, chemicals, textile, automotive, and electronics and ten national priorities. Indonesia which is currently only in the stage of entering the industrial era 4.0 with few of challenges and opportunities by following the roadmap of "Making Indonesia 4.0". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is very important because its roles in enhancing the human resources and public welfare quality in Indonesia. One of the methods to upgrade education system is a development of Freedom Curricula with project-based learning concept. Freedom Curricula is a new flexible curricula policy option in the part of Freedom to Learn Program which is initiated by Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology since 2021 to mitigate learning loss from COVID-19 pandemic. In Freedom Curricula, schools can develop their own curricula and course materials, depending on their own consideration. The Freedom Curricula can be implemented in several or all subjects in the school. This paper describes the conceptualization of a Freedom Curricula and its implementation plan in several industrial chemistry subjects (Industrial Chemical Processes, Chemical Engineering Operations, and Industrial Chemical Process Equipment) with project-based learning concept for vocational high school level. The designed Freedom Curricula consists of teaching syllabus, teaching module, laboratory practical module, and project-based learning module, and the implementation plan. The advantage of this Freedom Curricula implementation is the application of integrated learning, especially in practical learning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or known as caustic soda is a type of caustic metallic base that is available in liquid or solid form. Many industries highly require caustic soda as the main raw material or supporting materials such as the paper and pulp industry, soap and detergent industry, oil and gas industry, alumina processing, etc. National demand for sodium hydroxide reaches 987 million tons in the last year. To encourage increased production of caustic soda to support the chemical industry in Indonesia, a techno-economic analysis is required for the production of caustic soda to fulfill the supply. Therefore, in this study, the design of the NaOH plant process will be studied according to the product specifications and its economic analysis. The design of the caustic soda plant process has been developed based on membrane technology with a capacity of 100000 tons of product per year using SNI industrial salt raw materials. The product specification from this plant is 50% NaOH solution and HClO solution as byproduct. With this capacity, the estimated investment for the caustic soda plant is around US$ 44.45 million and its operational cost is around US$ 67.93 million per year. Using the current price of raw materials and products, the net present value (NPV) is US$ 206.58 million, the internal rate of return (IRR) is 40.75%, and its payout time (POT) is 4 years and 7 months. Based on these parameters, the design of the developed caustic soda plant was technically and economically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]