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Health tourism refers to people seeking medical care in a country other than their own. The key goal of medical tourism is to provide 'cost-effective' private medical services for patients who need surgical and other types of specialized treatment in cooperation with the tourism industry.Several international and domestic tourists prefer Maharashtra, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Gujarat for medical services and tourism. The nature and importance of medical tourism in India are discussed in this paper. It also demonstrates the difficulties that health travelers in India face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things (IoT) is among the growing phenomena with opportunities for creating ventures with the use of technology.Research has shown that many IoT deployments has the potential to serveindustry, enhance innovation, build required infrastructure for smart cities and is capable in generating affordable and clean energy along with a responsible production and consumption.The concept of building smart cities is in progress in India and the government is actively concentrating in building these smart cities as part of digital India. This has opened a gateway of opportunities for small and medium firms engaged in technical and internet enterprises. It is important for the nation to encourage small and medium firms to grow and develop. This paper aims to identify the opportunities in IoT based technologies. The study is based on past research on entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of IoT. The focus is on emerging venture opportunities in IoT technologies in relation to smart cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using metrics to improve employee productivity, the world is shifting toward Evidence Based Decision Making in all fields. With the rapid advancement of information technology, businesses are increasingly turning to quantitative decision-making, including in areas such as human resources, which previously relied heavily on qualitative decision-making. A number of research studies indicate that metrics-based decision making is essential for successful workforce management. This paper presents the authors' experiences through a fascinating case study conducted in a medium-sized manufacturing enterprise (MSME) in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. This study uses qualitative approach. The owner, production manager and HR manager were interviewed and success factors were arrived. Then appropriate KPIs were identified. The focus of the study was to develop a handy metric model to help HR executives in their decision process. The model was arrived after a two-stage process. Initially, based on the literature backup and relevancy to the industry, a set of KPIs and appropriate HR metrics were identified. This article has thrown light on how evidence-based decision making by leveraging 'metrics' can be carried out for measuring workforce effectiveness and leads to take consistent human performance decisions. It also assists HR professionals in implementing and measuring the efficacy of HR roles in their organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is one of the essential aspects in any country's development, as it provides the major source of food, employment, for its importance in nation's revenue and international Trades. India is one such country which depends on agriculture for its economic growth. Indian agriculture sector accounts for 18% of the country's GDP and it provides employment for more than 50% of rural population. As many of the Indian farmers are still using the traditional technologies in farming which are integrated more with hard work than smart work, most of the youth in India are not interested towards the agriculture. As the technology is enhancing day by day, the agriculture sector will also certainly need to adopt new trends and technologies into it, so as to increase the productivity and profits. One such way is to transform our traditional agricultural practices into smart farming by introducing drones into the farming to not only drag the attention, interest among the young people towards the agriculture but also to increase the productivity and profits. We can make the efficient use of drones in monitoring overall crops health, while inputting the seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and in detecting the threats like weeds, pest, fungi quickly. This paper will discuss about the importance and advantages of usage of the drones in Indian agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction industry plays an important role in socio-economy development of any developing country. world over, transportation infrastructure projects face delays in commissioning and India is no exception. The time of construction is a benchmark for assessing the project performance. Some of the unexpected activities during project the led to delay in project completion duration. Construction projects delay was considered as the most common problems causing negative effects in the construction projects. In this project we identify the important delay causing factors in the commissioning of metro rail projects in India. In India, several metro rail construction projects experiencing more delays, due to that the initially fixed delivery duration and expenses also exceeded. "delay can be defined as the time overrun or the extension of time for finishing the project". This paper aims to find out the most significant factors causing delays in Indian metro rail projects through literature review and questionnaire survey. From the literature review 117 causes of delays categorized into 9 different groups, 27 effects were acknowledged and it also rankings given by each authors for the delaying factors aren't an equivalent to varying native and context. Further, the survey is conducted with the participants (contractors, client, consultants and others) of Indian construction. Calculation of relative importance index (rii) for the shortlisted factors yielded the ranking. The ranking by various categories of respondents was analyzed using importance index method (impi%) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bancassurance is preferred by consumers because of the relationship and trust that they developed with the bank, especially the local branch. Another important aspect that can really boost this system is digitization. Embracing new technology and digitization can help in easy availability for consumers and boosting up of sales of this productBancassurance is a strategic arrangement which includes insurance services offered to the customers along with the various other financial services. In this paper we discuss about Bancassurance implementation and its stakeholders such as banks, distribution channel, insurance services, financial services, service quality. After emergence Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation (LPG), financial sector as a whole seen a drastic change with regard to products and services. Modern banks are providing holistic financial services and are for away from mere deposit takers and financial vendors. The continuous onus to better service and market share resulted in the banks penetrating into other modes financial services. Distribution channel plays business Insurance is one such area where it employs 10 various channels of distribution but the contribution to the success of insurance penetration by each channel is very less and few channels such as agents and bancassurance have contributed significantly on the insurance penetration. Bancassurance has a better scope compared to other channels as it enjoys competitive advantage over them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was considered to be a move towards cashless economy and promotion of digital transactions. Is it possible in the case of India? Because India is one of the developing nation and many area requires development. From this view point, this research paper is an attempt to identify the attitude of people towards digital payment with special reference to card payment. The study was based on rural people consisting 150 respondents from Kerala. This research will helpful for policymakers and government to take decisions effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about COVID – 19's impact on student's literacy due to their Parents' unemployment. It describes the Unemployment rate in India, and describes the way people can manage to give educational impartment to their children. Since March of 1616, the Schools and Colleges have been closed as a precautionary measure to bridle the Corona virus. Because of that many schools and colleges have started the concept of E-Learning and it has become a part of the teaching. Though E-Learning is a good concept; multiple students in India can't afford it due to their poverty and lack of resources like Internet Connection and other electronic devices. The study's aim is to explore the concern of the parents' during the lockdown and their perspective on the concept of E-learning or Online learning. This study adopted Qualitative research design. For data collection, structured questionnaire was used, responses were collected from the head of the family [either with father or mother] [N=30]. Findings of the study describe; the new episodes of Corona virus had drastically affected all the sectors of people starting from the higher section to the lower ones. Closure of all the work area was made people to be unemployed for more than 3 months. Unemployment was made them stressful; get into depression and other psychological issues. The finding concerns about the future students and the parent's inability in paying the fees. Participants said that their income was reduced to half the amount due to the virus destruction, thus they can't manage the situation with one person's income in a family. Opportunities to find a better remedy for the participants were given in the suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton is one of the important cash crops and plays a good role in the agricultural economy of India and it provides livelihood to more than 6 million farmers. But one major disadvantage is that cotton crop is highly prone to pests and diseases and approximately 30-35% of the yield gets corrupted because of this. Therefore, early detection of diseases is necessary because detecting diseases at an advance stage leads to crop failure. Thus, utilising the advancement in computer vision and machine learning can be of great benefit to the agriculture sector. This paper focuses on application of Mask-RCNN object detection algorithm which is based on instance segmentation to identify the pests and diseases on cotton leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification and classification of plant diseases is a major field of study, as most people in India depend on agriculture for their main source of income and food. This is one of the reasons why the identification of plant diseases plays a significant role in agriculture. It is useful to detect plant disease through any automated technique as it eliminates a significant amount of monitoring work in large crop farms and detects the symptoms of diseases at a very early stage, i.e. when they appear on plant leaves. The framework mainly involves different concepts related to image processing, such as image acquisition, image pre-processing, and extraction of features, database formation, and artificial neural network classification. This paper covers research on various methodologies for the use of neural networks to detect plant leaf diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IT and ITeS industry has made significant contribution in the GDP of India. The number of software firms has been on the rise. The competitiveness of the firms however has been revolving around its various programs and strategies designed to not only retain the talents, but also contribute towards the organizational goals. The net impact has been a rise in the employee cost, offering a host of benefits to its associates in terms of training and incentives. Various firms have adopted the different talent retention, its quality improvement by following various methods and strategies of HR. The paper has analyzed the measures adopted by the software firms by using SPSS and other statistical tools. The study has found that the measures adopted by the firms have become much more mechanical and routine in nature. There is a need to rethink and re-structure the existing talent retention measures if the firms have to really be competitive and successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) which are more feasible and efficient to determine the uncertainty and impreciseness in various multicriteria decision making problems. This paper presents the new entropy proposed on Pythagorean fuzzy set. The various aspects of the proposed entropy are studied and presented in the given communication. Further, TOPSIS method has been used to solve the multicriteria decision making problems with new entropy, when information about the weights is completely unknown. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed entropy is significantly illustrated by an example based upon the national institutional ranking framework for the best academic institution in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, health management is a major concern all over the world. Particularly in India, due to population, the health issues are increasing rapidly. Diabetes has become a major issue that affects people all over India. With the advancement of Machine Learning approaches, many solutions have been developed to curb this serious issue. The goal of this paper is to design a model that can detect diabetes at preliminary stages with more accuracy. Therefore, various classification algorithms namely K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosting (GB) are used to solve this problem at earliest. Various performance metrics like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision and recall are used for evaluation of the model. Evaluations are performed on PIMA Indian diabetes database, which is pulled from the Machine Learning cache. Results procured manifest that Random Forest outplay with the highest precision of 85.06%. The results are appropriately authenticated through a bar graph representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical cluster analysis is commonly recommended as a practical method in identifying significant clusters within samples that can superficially appear homogeneous. The present paper provided a theoretical historical past to hierarchical clustering, specifically outlining the assessment of hierarchical clustering strategies with the aid of cophenetic correlation, figuring out the premiere number of clusters by way of elbow approach, silhouette and gap statistic and illustration of dissimilarity analysis. The empirical study is carried out through the use of grain yield and its component characteristics data of fifty maize genotypes in the North-West plain zone of India had been accrued from the annual maize progress report Kharif 2018, All India Coordinated Research Project on Maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radon is a carcinogenic gas that can cause lung cancer in humans. Radon comes at second number after the cigarette smoking in causing lung cancer to the humans. It is a naturally occurring radioactive gas along with another radioactive gas thoron that can be present indoor in high concentration without the knowledge of the occupants, leading to some health-related problems in them. To safe guard the humans from radon & thoron exposure some mitigation methods can be suggested. But before that, the firsthand knowledge of its concentration in the dwellings is the utmost important thing. The measurement of radon and thoron concentration in the dwellings can be done by many methods,however, passive measurement technique of using pin hole-based radon thoron dosimeters with solid state nuclear track detectors is preferred over other techniques. In this paper we have measured indoor radon & thoron concentration of around ten dwellings in the Gurugram district of Haryana. Annual effective dose rates due to radon and thoron were also calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advanced approach in recent times in the manufacturing industries has been trying to explore its way to survive in the present competitive market. Some of the factors which influence the industries are cost, production, availability of resources, employer's empowerment, to come back after the failure and loss in production, shortcomings in the labor and resource are some of the factors which have influenced more attention. The concept has been used by many industrial sectors. Total productive maintenance is based on 8 pillars. TPM can be successfully implemented only after having complete knowledge about the concept. In this research paper, the pillars of TPM will be ranked based on 4 parameters they are the quality-Q, cost-C, delivery in time-D, and productivity-P by utilizing AHP which is commonly known as the Analytic Hierarchy Process. AHP is the decision-making methodology that can be used for multiple purposes. In this research pairwise comparison was made with 8 pillars of TPM through AHP by taking into consideration the automobile industries in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now a day's agriculture plays an important role in all over country. Especially in India agriculture plays a vital role in improving the economic status. India is the second largest country, which is producing rice, wheat, dry fruits, etc., Water is the main source for agriculture and in India many places suffering from inadequate water supply. Also depending on the type of the soil the crops are chosen and the irrigation of the crops also varies accordingly. It's important to utilize the existing water resources and monitoring water irrigation. In this paper we proposed a smart irrigation system based on internet of things to monitor the irrigation system. The proposed system continuously monitoring the soil and crop condition and it has a communication link with the farmer. The system is embedded with microcontroller, sensors and WiFi module to transfer data to the farmer and to store the data in the cloud server for future requirement. The threshold values are fixed for the crops and soil and it is programmed in microcontroller. When the measured values exceed the preset values for a particular soil, the system automatically send message to the farmer using Wifi module and also the information are stored in the cloud server for future analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing power demand in day-to-day life paves way for more renewable energy-based resources in our life. Wind energy is one other most reliable energy in India and is expeditiously increasing in the recent years. Amidst the various wind turbines available for wind power extraction, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) has many advantages owing to its attractive concept. The past research on this machine have analysed the various techniques used for extracting utmost power from the available wind energy. This review paper analyses the best control techniques that are available for controlling the PMSG, Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods both stereotyped as well as smart techniques and charging control techniques in both balanced along with unbalanced load conditions for a standalone PMSG based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noise is the unsafe mechanical toxin that causes serious hearing misfortune in labors of each nation on the planet. The labors in enterprises like mining, development, printing, saw factories, smashers are in danger. They are presented to elevated levels of noise all through their lifetime of work, yet there are not very many NIHL concentrates in India to show its reality. The loud noises can be heard in the airports while the flight takes off, at construction sites and many other industries. These sounds may cause irritation, headaches, and other major health problems that may not allow the person to work in such conditions. This biomedical project includes the process of reduction of noises that are being prevailed during the working of the individual and will allow him to differentiate the types of noises around. In this paper we have introduced Hybrid algorithm which is combination of Sign-Sign LMS and MPNLMS to reduce the sparse noise with betterment of speech quality. The increase in SNR segmentation for SS-MPNLMS is around 1.45 dB to 4.07 dB and 35.71 % to 88.68 % of the MSE also 2.47% to 44.4% improvement of PSNR as compared to the algorithms available for different sounds with different SNR input levels. They will be able to enhance the speech quality during work, reduction of noises will be seen and his hearing ability will not get damaged with the help of the software that is being proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an intelligent crop prediction for farmland using real-time sensor data and machine learning. As an agricultural country, the majority of India's population and economy are dependent on agricultural yield growth, which is in turn reliant on soil variables as well as climate factors like temperature and precipitation. Crop production can be increased by technological advancements in agriculture like remote sensing systems and IoT. Further machine learning is used to also used in this project to predict the type of plant that is better suited to be cultivated by integrating sensors such as pH, moisture, rainfall, temperature, and humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Balanced nutrition is the main source of energy. It is necessary for healthy life of people. Healthy nutrients enable cells to perform their regular activities at pace. Deficiency of proper nutrition while birth causes various complications in further life. These complications include wasting, stunting, edema, mental illness, low immune system, ridged or spoon-shaped nails, brittle, dry hair, and underweight etc. Malnutrition is a condition that occurs when a person consumes a diet that is deficient in one or more major nutrients, or has too many of them. Marasmus, kwashiorkor and intermediate states of marasmus-kwashiorkor are included in the term Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) disorders. PEM is the cause of underweight (low weight for age), stunting (low height for age), and wasting (low weight for height). In India, stunting affects 48% of infants under five years age, wasting affects 20%, and underweight affects 43%. Most children suffering from undernutrition in mild to moderate forms are unnoticed in India, which affects their growth at early ages. Detecting malnutrition at early stage reduces further healthcare cost and improve health outcome. To alleviate the problem of malnutrition, this paper describes a decision tree model for classification of infants being between the ages of 0 and 59 months as normal, acute malnourished or severely malnourished for three categories: Stunting, Wasting and Underweight. In decision tree model, Gini index is adopted as an impurity measure. The accuracy obtained using decision tree for stunting is 82.22%, for wasting 72.23 % and underweight 78.35% using Gini index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, in the present paper, we introduce a new concept of T2-strong convergence of numerical sequences by generaliz- ing the concept of T -strong convergence, defined by Srivastava and Singh [S.K. Srivastava and U. Singh, On T-Strong Convergence of Numerical Sequences and Fourier Series. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. A Phys. Sci. 88, 571-576 (2018)]. We also give a relationship among T -strong convergence, T2-strong convergence and ordinary convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In past several years, due to technology advancements, the costs of variable speed drives have come down sharply allowing the widespread applications of variable speed devices in building air-conditioning systems. This article presents the case study on application level of variable speed drives to the components of the air-conditioning system (VAV system) installed in Vivekanand Lecture Theatre Complex (VLTC) at MNIT Jaipur, India. After incorporating the variable speed drives to the air conditioning system, the proposed case energy performance index has been compared with the standard energy performance indexes of Energy Conservation Building Codes 2017(ECBC, ECBC+ and Super ECBC), developed by the ministry of power and Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE), India. The study of Hartman research paper on variable speed chiller plants has been used to learn existing algorithm for developing new operating strategies. Simulations are performed on EnergyPlusV8.8.0 (an energy analysis simulation program) for more than dozens of cases by making the variable a single and multiple combinations of HVAC equipment (AHU, Cooling Tower, Chiller, Pumps). The results show that the application of variable speed drives improved the performance of the air conditioning system substantially. At an average, the energy consumption of all variable chiller plant decreased by 40-45% compared to a constant speed chiller plant. All-variable speed chiller plant operating strategies have been developed based on the tailored specific performance characteristics of variable speed chillers and the variable flow characteristics of condenser pumps and cooling towers. The specific component-wise energy performance improvement after the incorporation of variable drives and ECBC compliance check for the proposed case has been presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide in the 19th and 20th century, tea production and consumption became more commercialized and improved with the familiarization of temperance movement. The temperance movement was focused on reducing the consumption of alcohol and switching over to a new beverage. In India, the temperance movement was closely tied with the Indian independence movement. Nationally 5,66,660 hectares of land is extensively used for the cultivation of tea which produces an average of 1250 million tonnes/year of tea dust. From this, 0.015 million tonnes/year of tea waste is generated. Currently, the tea waste is being disposed along with the sewage waste which increases the soil acidity level. The widespread application of tea waste on soil leads to impairment of soil fertility. This paper attempts to use tea waste as feedstock for gasification, since combustion route requires a large quantum of waste which is not possible in the Indian context. The TGA study of tea waste proved that auto gasification is possible with tea waste. The auto gasification is a thermo-chemical process which converts solid combustible matter into combustible gaseous product with bio oxygen only. The bio oxygen content of tea waste is high. Hence auto gasification has been established. A detailed proximate and ultimate analyses of tea waste have been also carried out and reported in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students attendance is one of the primary and most vital things that is used in all the schools. Schools have numerous systems for taking attendance. Some of them use manual attendance, while some of them taking attendance by making use of the bar codes embedded in the student identity cards. Though various systems are been used still it needs ample development to make it more efficient with minimal time consumption. In this paper, we have proposed a model for taking the attendance of the students by making use of biometric attendance systems that are intended to make use of WFT (Wireless Fingerprint System). The system proposed in the paper makes use of the unique Aadhaar number that is given to all the citizens of India. The student biometric is matched with their respective Aadhaar number. By making use of the proposed system it is not only useful for attendance tracking but also useful for the government to provide scholarships or education fees waiver to the deserved students. The system makes use of local normalization, second stage enhancement and matching modules to make it more efficient when compared to other traditional attendance systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to research the potential of bamboo as building material for various structures especially in buildings. During the research, I tried to put up facts regarding properties of bamboo as building material and comparison with conventional building material based on literature from India and abroad. Building construction activities consumes a lot of resources in terms of material or monitory aspects to procure it. If we may able to use bamboo as main stream building material and cut short the construction bills in big way that will be an excellent situation for clients, farmers who produces bamboo etc. The most encouraging and important aspect is we can reduce ‘Carbon foot print’ of construction process, as bamboo is ‘Natural material with very low embodied energy’ to save our planet Earth from the menace of ‘Global Warming’ with reference to present concern of the whole world and individual ‘Climate change and Carbon emission’. Another objective of this paper is to spread awareness through academic platform amongst all stakeholders related to building construction and common man. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As per the studies involving automobile accidents, every year, an enormous number of fatalities occur on the roads of India because of road traffic crashes on account of driver’s slip-up. Distraction caused to the vehicle driver is a well-noticed reason for this error, though less reported. The prime source for such distractions can be an outcome of general ergonomics, vehicle design, distractions from in and out of the vehicle or other psychological factors. With the fast development of in-vehicle systems and infotainment gadgets, the burden associated with distracted driving is expected to increase. The objective of this paper is to review current researches in the field of driver behavior and other quirks that contribute driver distractions in Indian road conditions. The sources, influence and other contributing factors of driver distractions were analyzed and suggestions for engineering and administrative control strategies were discussed in the paper. This review also underlines the need for constant driver-vehicle interactions to avoid accidents. Further, the study justifies the focus on training strategies and technological involvements that would address the issue of driver distractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold formed steel sections are extensively used in developed countries for a wide range of applications like roofs in the form of deck sheeting and also as structural elements like beam and column. In a developing country like India, where use of conventional hot rolled steel sections itself is in developing stages, the use of cold formed steel is very less. But if cold formed built-up sections are developed efficiently, cold formed sections can be used for wide range of applications where spans are minimum and fewer loads are acting. Structural behaviour of cold formed sections based on the different type of fasteners was studied in this paper. Behaviour of cold formed sections mainly based on welding and bolts are compared and studied. Strength aspects of cold formed sections due to different types of fasteners along with their mode of connection was studied. Studies shows significant changes in behaviour of similar members were obtained by varying the type of fasteners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major problems in the environment is deforestation. In the last five years, the deforestation rate is about 10 Million hectares per year. The main reason for deforestation is the dominance of wood dependent industries. On the other hand, agricultural biomass is generated in huge amounts in India. Agricultural wastes are considered to be a promising and novel source for the preparation of Cellulose, a highly valued precursor for production of cellulose based bio-polymer, paper, textile products. Recently, enormous research is being performed in the utilization of agricultural biomass to various by-products. In the present work, extraction of alpha-cellulose from Rice husk waste as an alternative for the extraction of cellulose for application in various industries has been discussed.Rice husk is initially delignified using 12%(v/v) NaOH at 100⁰C for 60 min and bleached with 15%(v/v) Hydrogen peroxide for 20 min. The effect of temperature on the extraction of alpha-cellulose content from the rice husk has been carried out. The results revealed that at the temperature of 150℃, cellulose yield was high with alpha cellulose content of 86%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk adulteration becomes a great business in the dairy industry where its quality is compromised by adding certain chemicals or other substitutions. Milk is one of the most important nutritious food products that is consumed by humans irrespective of age from babies to older people. The consumption of adulterated milk can impair the functioning of various organs of the body, causing heart problems, cancer, and in extreme cases, even death. World Health Organization highlighted that if adulteration is not put to a stop, a lump of India's population would be suffering from serious and fatal diseases like cancer by the end of 2025. Hence there is a huge demand for a cutting-edge research to detect the adulterated milk. A comparative analysis of five machine learning algorithms i.e., Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, Support Vector machine and Gradient Boosting Machine are presented in this paper to classify the pure and adulterated milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current global scenario, safety of life and protection of the environment is equally, if not more important, than preservation of energy resources. Just as it is critical to ensure that natural resources are put into best use before it goes back to the environment, it is of paramount importance to ensure optimum utilization of these natural resources in a safe way so as to enrich and protect human life, property and environment. It is a pity that so much of efforts, hard work, money and time are invested in getting these natural resources to the surface and later, it is not utilized effectively because of lack of awareness among people. On these very lines, the Government of India had launched the Smart City project and all the major metropolitan cities were selected for this project, one of the essential criteria being the implementation of piped natural gas supply in these cities. The idea was to do away with LPG cylinders, thereby reducing casualties from related accidents, prevent pollution and reduce traffic congestion caused by cylinder-laden trucks moving around the cities. About a year ago, the Central Government of India had sanctioned a huge amount for the project of piped natural gas for the major cities, formed the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Body with their plans and regulations in place, but the completion of this project has been at a snail's pace in most cities. The problem discussed in this research paper is about the lack of public awareness regarding safety aspects and benefits of using piped natural gas as compared to the use of LPG cylinders, thereby resulting in the failure or delay in the implementation of the PNG system in most cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investment plays a significant role in economic development of any nation. It is the objective of every investment to get some positive return. Although there are numerous investment options but still people mostly invest in traditional investment avenues. The paper mainly focuses on investor perception about different investment avenues. The study sample consist of 200 respondents and convenient sampling technique was used. The study analyzed a relationship between Investment decision and the factors influencing such decisions like gender, age, earnings using multiple regression technique. The study found a positive correlation between selection of investment and gender, age and earnings. The study found that the majority of the people have shown interest to invest in bank deposits and followed by post office savings, Gold and share. The study suggested that it is necessary to educated people or investors about modern investments to get a better rate of return and improve the investments as well as to improve the economic growth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open waste dumping has many grave outcomes such as low soil quality, ground water contamination and spread of deadly diseases. With human population multiplying in thousands, it is critical to come up with safer disposal options. This paper studies the Pallavaram Dumping Site located in Pallavaram, Tamil Nadu, India. The aim of the paper is to characterize the solid waste collected from the site and find its impact on the leachate generated from the heaps of waste dumped. Ten samples each of solid waste and leachate are collected in the pre-monsoon and post monsoon periods to comprehend the seasonal variation effects on the wastes and leachate. This characterization of solid waste will assist in devising a better disposal plan that does not deteriorate the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the ongoing energy transition in India, ground mounted photovoltaic (GM-PV) plays a crucial role which becomes evident when looking at both governmental PV targets and recent developments. Despite cost-effectiveness speaking in favor of GM-PV, generally, a major drawback of GM-PV is the high land usage. One possibility to overcome conflicting interests of land use is agrivoltaics – a combined land-use for food and electricity production. This paper summarizes the findings of a feasibility study on a 50 MWp agrivoltaic project in Maharashtra conducted by Fraunhofer ISE in 2018/2019 focusing on social impact and economic viability. The analyses indicate that an agrivoltaic system appears economically feasible with expected levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of INR 2.02 (EUR 0.0243) already including cost on water management, rainwater harvesting, water storage, and irrigation. Depending on the institutional arrangement between the farming community and the investor, the social impact is expected to vary from high benefits to risk of severe poverty among affected farmers. Further findings indicate that the use of bifacial glass-glass PV modules raises electrical yield by 6.4% compared to mono facial modules. Regarding land use, the study suggests that the analyzed agrivoltaic system is likely to almost double average land use efficiency measured by the combined output of electricity and agriculture per unit of land (+94%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is a tropical country with vast climatic zones varying from region to region, and from a fast few years, the rate of urbanization also increased. The requirement of thermal comfort in buildings is one of the primary needs in residential buildings in the present scenario. The roof is one of the most critical parts of the building envelopes, and maximum heat gain entered through it. This paper presents the systematic review of cool roofs and its energy-saving opportunities in Indian residential buildings for different climatic zones, identifying the present scenario of cool roof technology in India. The majority of the research work performed in India's composite climate, so more research work based on the cool roofs strategies need to be performed in other climates. The energy-saving achieved using cool roofs vary from 8.4 to 30.4%, and indoor temperature varied from 2.0 to 7.0°C for different climatic zones of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes an approach that concentrate on optimizing the plant layout and assembly line. The simulation studies in the industries have helped through a wide range of applications. Wire harness is a set of cables grouped together leading towards little bit complexity in the assembly line at the plant. Discrete event simulation is a tool to model the complex and large manufacturing systems consisting of resources and products like robots, machines, operators, storage device, which are logically and physically linked. This study has been carried out at the small-scale electrical industry in tier-2 city Hubballi, Karnataka, India. The analysis was conducted using the simulation software and the attached results have been obtained from the simulation experiment. The bottlenecks and the loopholes were identified in the plant layout and the main aim was to improve the throughput and reduce the work in progress. These results were on the basis to propose a change in the existing plant layout and workstation station time reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is a country of diversity. The primary occupation of the country is agriculture. In our country there is perfect weather conditions. There are significant challenges due to climatic changes that effects multiple sectors, which includes agriculture. According to food and agriculture organisation (FAO), the food production has to be increased by 70% by 2050 to meet food requirement of the population. The answer to this challenge is by introducing the new technology in the sector. In detailed introduction of IOT, UAVs and many technologies. Precision agriculture's tasks like smart spraying and aerial crop monitoring etc. Use of software development kit (SDKs) in UAVs will connect it to the mobile phones which makes farmer's ease of use. Introducing GPS in the UAV's makes discrete time broadcasts of its global coordinates, which also makes UAVs to fly at same altitude, autopilot, auto home return. By using sensors like collision avoidance sensors (CAS), gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer, barometer, range finder, helps the UAVs for anti-collision, balancing, determining speed, range respectively. By using thermal imaging camera, farmers can see which part of the field was affected by pests. By using the cameras farmers can monitor their crops, they can even survey their field. In this paper, we introduce the AI technology in the UAVs to help the farmers. Finally, we outline UAV based solutions for the challenges in precision agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A performance analysis of a solar photo voltaic system based cascade refrigeration system is conducted in this paper using engineering equation solver simulation software. Solar-electric set up is considered for the analysis of the system. Different refrigerant pairs have been chosen for analyzing the cascade vapour compression refrigeration system. Coefficient of performance (COP) and refrigerating effect values are evaluated and characteristic curves are plotted with the variation in hourly global irradiance data of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. The effect of variation in hourly irradiance values in the month of April has been studied here. With the aim of lower environmental degradation, refrigerants with low GWP values are considered for this study. Also the evaporating temperature of the lower refrigerating unit on the COP has been varied and possible effects have been noted on the parameters. Highest COP was obtained by R744-R600 pair with a value of 0.6754 at 12pm, at -10°C as the evaporating temperature. The overall highest COP was obtained by R744-R600, when the evaporating temperature is 5°C. The result shows that proposed system is definitely a good alternate choice for fulfilling air conditioning expectations of human beings and for promoting healthy environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total energy consumption in India accounts for only 17.3 % from renewable energy resources. Hence, researchers are currently looking for options to reduce the dependencies on non-renewable resources. Although solar and wind energy are the most cost-effective and efficient renewable energy sources, they are unreliable due to the sporadic nature of their occurrence, if implemented as standalones. This research aims to design independent, sustainable hybrid street light that uses only solar and wind energy for its working. We studied different design parameters using dynamic meshing technique to design blades which are aerodynamically efficient. This paper also involves simulations from MATLAB and SOLIDWORKS to get a real-life power output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, there is a growing concern of the heart diseases and deaths due to heart failure. The severity of the problem can be minimised by efficient heart rate monitoring which can be used to provide before time caution to cater heart attack. Wearable sensor can be designed to sense the pulse. The sensor can be either placed near to heart or on the wrist to sense pulses and send pulse signals to the doctors. Such sensor should adhere to the skin for sufficiently long period without causing etching to the patient. It should also be bendable and stretchable like skin. This paper is a part of the research work carried out to develop patch type sensor, which is termed as Electronic Tattoo (ET). In pursuit for development of ET, we came across various designs and candidate materials which can be used for the ET. Thus, in this paper, we describe the process of selecting best suited method and material for the ET. It may also be noted that the sensor development is governed by the prevailing IEEE 802.15.6 standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amrita Awareness Ambassador Program is a substance-abuse prevention program that aims to empower local youth in rural India. The program empowers and promotes peer mentors from local schools to act as awareness ambassadors. The program is already active in 13 states. To adapt the program to new villages, substance abuse prevalence in the considered region has to be assessed first. One difficulty of such an initial assessment, especially in tribal areas, is that villagers often answer questions about substance abuse in an inconsistent and unreliable way when talking to outsiders. This paper reports on findings from a remote, tribal area in Chhattisgarh, where 132 adolescents and 11 awareness ambassadors were asked about the prevalence of abuse of alcohol and other substances. Four types of statistical consistency are considered in the analysis: internal, external, individual, and dimensionality consistency. Statements from the awareness ambassadors are found to be significantly more internally and externally consistent and reliable than statements from the village adolescents. In addition, statements from the awareness ambassadors also show high inter-rater and dimensionality consistency. As an implication of these findings, we conclude that while planning a substance abuse program, reliability of the information sources needs to be taken into explicit consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

K-12 science education in rural India is characterized by rote learning in teacher-centered classrooms with poor lab facilities. As a result, students often have poor attitudes toward science. To inculcate the joy of learning in rural students, we conducted three science camps in remote villages in North India. The camps emphasized hands-on learning using low-cost experiments from locally available materials. Videos, animations and simulations on mobile phones were used to supplement the physical experiments. The goal was not only to teach science, but to change the attitude of students towards science. This paper describes the results of daily assessments, pre, post, and six-month follow-up surveys. Findings include a significant improvement in attitude towards science, a particularly strong improvement for girls, and a positive effect of videos and simulations to learn abstract concepts. Also the academic marks of the students improved significantly after the camp in a longitudinal analysis. Additional insight was gained by clustering students by two simple dimensions: attitudes and learning styles. The change in attitude towards science was larger for students who prefer hands-on learning or concept learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper performs the Multiracial Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA) of fine resolution (0.25°x0.25°) daily gridded rainfall of Kerala Meteorological subdivision, India. First the MFDFA method is applied for long term rainfall datasets of different grid points for 1901-2013 period. The results show that rainfall time series of majority of the grid points (∼66 %) exhibits short term persistence with strong multifractal characteristics. Except at three locations, the asymmetry index of rainfall time series displays right skewed spectra indicating local high fluctuations and fine structured series. Further, MFDF analysis was performed after splitting the time series into two with respect to the global climatic shift of 1976/77. The results of pre and post climatic shift period shows that 34 grids (out of 65) exhibited an increase multifractal spectral width while 41 grids exhibited a increase in persistence after the shift. The study further showed that the persistence property changed from short to long term in 23 % grids, which also indicated a change in pattern of rainfall within the subdivision. The results showed that a strong correlation 0.994 exists between Hurst exponent and Holder exponent, reinforcing the universal association between the two multifractal exponents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently India is facing the problem of a power outage and its effects on food quality. Also, it damages the refrigerator compressor because of voltage fluctuation. This paper explores the performance improvement of the refrigeration system by using Nano-enhanced Phase Change Material (Nano-PCM). In this experimental work, an attempt has been made to reduce the temperature fluctuation occurred by a power cut OFF as well as because of frequently opening and closing the door of system. The main objective of this research is to improve the cooling performance by prolonging the cut OFF period of the compressor, and also maintain a constant temperature inside the system by using Nano-PCM, viz. (CuO + KCl and CuO + NaCl) by considering water as a base fluid. The usage of Nano-PCM enhances the heat transfer rate of the evaporator side thus improves the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the refrigeration system. The experiment shows that the evaporator temperature remains constant and is maintained between 3 to 9 °C for 5 to 7 hours after power cut OFF when Nano-PCM is used. While there is a continuous rise in evaporator outlet temperature up to 18 to 24 °C after a power cut off without using Nano-PCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental affecting wastages such as plastic wrappers, plastic bottles, and some foodstuffs are generated and disposed through the windows by the passengers during the journey. The average person generates 1.95 kilograms of waste per day. This should never let our environment to degrade day-by-day, the society should provide the solution which makes our India a waste-free zone, and this paper gives an extent impact on waste collection and its reduction during train travel, in which the waste collector set-up is planned to fix outside to the train window. In the waste collector, the hinged support collector is extended along the length of compartments on either side of the train, which is planned to make of aluminum alloys. The passenger can use the door mechanism to dispose their waste as in the dustbin, and thereby the wastages are easily collected with the help of screwing mechanism for further action. The outside implementation of the waste collector may chance to affect the aerodynamic performance of the train, so the aerodynamic study on the train with the waste collector is mandatory to ensure the train's dynamic stability. In order to study the aerodynamic performance of the train with waste collector, CFD simulation and experimental testing are carried out. In Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the reference component is modeled with the CATIA and simulations are carried out in the Ansys Workbench 16.2. The 1/45 scaled model of the train with and without waste collector is tested experimentally in a wind tunnel and the results are compared with numerical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design optimization of the vehicle has been an integral part of Vehicle Aerodynamics. The reason so much heed is given to this research area is due to the ever-growing concern of detrimental effects of fuel on the environment. This paper aims to optimize the shape of auto-rickshaw which is one of the most widely used vehicles in India. Being the developing nation, people use auto-rickshaw because it is economical which makes it essential to modify the design to reduce drag. This, in turn, improves the fuel efficiency of the auto-rickshaw. The impact of the addition of diffuser at the underbody along with varying slant angle at the rear side to provide boot area is studied. The modifications are done on CATIA V5 followed by investigating the coefficient of drag on ANSYS Fluent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic development in developing countries has led to huge increase in energy demand. In India the energy demand is increasing at a rate of 6.5% per annum. Bio diesel an eco-friendly and renewable fuel substitute for diesel has been getting the attention of researchers all over the world. This paper deals with to evaluate the engine performance and emission of VCR Diesel Engine using blend of pure lemon balm oil with diesel. in the present study shows the effect of engine performance terms of Brake specific fuel consumption and Brake thermal efficiency using taguchi based optimization. And the nano particle (MgO) is also used as a catalyst of the blends of bio fuel to enhance an optimal engine output values rate of various effective gases like NOx, CO and unburnt HC using Response curve Analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries across the globe are looking for some alternative sources of energy to cope up the depletion of fossil fuels. These alternative sources also help in minimizing the impact of climate change. To help the impact of climate change and to support the more renewable and electrical vehicle penetration, policies are designed. These policies encourage more renewable energy integration and promote electric vehicles. Net metering is a policy by the virtue of which unconsumed energy is fed into the distribution network and is utilized by the nearby consumers, connected to the same distribution network. It permits the renewable energy power producers of small scale to store or bank their electricity at the time of over-production and sent back to the grid. This paper throws some light on different net metering models available in the literature. Policy and regulatory barriers are investigated in the survey across all the states in the country. A review is presented on net metering policies across all states of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occurrence of extreme events such as dust storms are now very frequent and fatal causing significant loss to the mankind. Therefore, understanding the origin of a dust storm and its propagation has become pivotal. But its forecasting is quite challenging. However, space based remote sensing has been quite useful so far in monitoring such extreme events. With the recent addition of satellites such as INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR, which present very high spatiotemporal information, monitoring extreme events have been taken front foot in meteorology studies. In this paper, few cases of extreme dust storm events those occurred over India in pre-monsoon seasons of 2018 and 2019, which has been quite hazardous, are monitored using INSAT-3D/3DR sounders and imagers. The propagation and the impact of presence of dust are identified on different Infrared channels by analyzing the various observations present in the satellite data. Comprehensive sensitivity analysis also carried out to understand the response of satellite's remote sensing due to the influence of dust storms. Thus, this work can provide not only an insight to the impact of dust storms on meteorological parameters but also the scope and utility of such satellite meteorology in capturing signatures of extreme dust events. And therefore this study also weighs and highlights the potential of INSAT-3D/3DR in assisting the weather forecasting and now-casting programs of extreme events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bridges being built with shorter sections, which is popularly called as segmental bridges, are constructed in very few numbers in India. These bridges take a major play in connecting places which cover a long distance that cannot be reached as easy as other land masses or water bodies. The mattering much factor in the construction of segmental bridges is its method of construction involving cast-in-place or precast structures. The construction procedure is repetitive which makes it an easy and swift way of constructing a bridge. This paper proffers the design of a segmental bridge which is proposed to be constructed in India. The design outfit is also almost matching with the feasibility. It is approved that the dead load and live load is under the standards provided. So this types of bridges can be preferred for its strength aspects and its durability in longer run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]