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Marble dust is a construction waste material from the processing of marble producing rocks. In this work, the usability of waste marble dust as a reinforcement in the development of Aluminium Metal matrix alloy has been investigated for use in bearing application. The flexural strength and SIF kept onincreasing continuously with increase in reinforcement content up to 10 wt% marble dust while Compressive strength and impact strength showed improvement for the marble dust concentration. Engine bearings are used under increasingly severe temperature and loads. In various condition there isproblem of low fatigue resistance for this Aluminium Metal matrix alloy with the use of marble sludgein bearing production is defined. This paper presents the marble waste powder in various ranges, resulting in higher compressive power, tensile splitting strength and bending strength as specimens. As review, Stir Casting can be used to make this composite and can evaluate its mechanical properties, thermo-mechanical behavior by different methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The engineering of a new class of material known as metal-matrix composites involves the reinforcement of aluminum and its alloys with various reinforcing powders. The addition of ceramic particles is expected to increase the mechanical property-to-weight ratio of pure aluminum and its alloys, as well as their wear resistance and high specific hardness. However, due to an inadequate production technique and process conditions, the insertion of non-deformable ceramic reinforcements results in a considerable loss of ductility and toughness. Friction stir processing technique is the name of the fabrication method employed in this study. A solid state processing technique called FSP has been used to change microstructures. Using SEM, the microstructures of the composites were examined, and Otsu Image Thresholding Technique was used to forecast the grain sizes inside the microstructure. The segmented image's mean particle size for one-pass FSP was 2.69x103µm at an X155 magnification. The flow mechanism in the friction stir process is illustrated by the observation that 2.69x103µm particle size for two passes showed less spherical structures and more irregular structures. The three-pass sample yielded a mean particle size of 1.36x103µm, which indicates a more uniform distribution within the matrix and a considerable size reduction in comparison to those obtained from one pass and two passes. A finite element analysis tool called ABAQUS was utilized to predict how this heat would affect the quality of the composites. With less than 15°C separating the processing temperatures between the experimental and simulated data, the peak temperature increased as the tool rotated in accordance with the projected temperature history of FSP for the composites at various tool rotating speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to assess the removal rate of material in comparison to the removal rate of material in machining aluminum alloy AA7075 using high steel HSS M42 tools and coated tools of Chromium. The experiment was conducted for two different groups, Group 1 (HSS M42) and Group 2 (chromium nitride coated tools). The volume of the sample material is 20 mm in diameter and 15 mm in thickness. The alloy of aluminum AA7075 had the material composition used to cut. The material removal rate was compared with two different tools in regards to necessity and the readings obtained are documented. The statistical significance of the differences was determined using the SPSS statistical software. It was deduced from the outcomes that the removal rate of High speed steel HSS M42 and the novel tool coating with a chromium nitride coating on the tool are both calculated from the test data and compared. The value of significance obtained from the statistical analysis was 0.041, which is less than 0.05, thus the difference in significance was observed between the two groups. Within the range, it was observed that the material removal rate of the new tool's coating with CrN was superior to the High speed steel M42 tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum and its alloys are used to make a number of automotive components. It is due to aluminum's light weight, anti-corrosiveness, formability, and affordable price. However, numerous procedures have been carried out to boost its strength due to mechanical characteristics, one of which is artificial aging. The effects of aging on the fatigue life of aluminum 2024-T351 will be examined in this study. The technique of treating the solution involved heating it to 500 oC for an hour and then immediately cooling it to room temperature. By reheating the aluminum alloy to 180 oC and maintaining heat there for a variety of 2, 4, and 6 hours, the fake aging process was continued. The goal was to obtain various precipitation types in anticipation of an increase in the material's fatigue life. Then, a reversed bending test was carried out with loads of 1.0, 0.9, 0.7, 0.5, and 0.4 σu. The results of the study indicated that aging time had an influence on the fatigue life of aluminum alloy 2024-T351. Fatigue life lengthens with increasing aging time. The increase in fatigue life ranges from 13.3–63.3% compared to aluminum without heat treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most promising substance that offers the maximum mechanical strength in the world of hard machining materials is aluminium alloys. Because of its superior strength to weight ratio, it is widely used in the fabrication of aerospace and aeronautical products. Eco-friendly and cost-effective machining techniques have become increasingly necessary over time, and many researchers have expressed a strong interest in developing ever-more-advanced machining techniques. The proper selection of the machining technique and cooling circumstances are crucial since they have an impact on performance when working with aluminium alloy materials. This article provides a detailed study on the various researches carried out in last few years towards optimization of machinability studies involving optimization tools and techniques. It captures the methodology adopted by various researchers and their outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precipitation hardening is a heat treatment process to increase the strength of aluminum alloys with solution heat treatment, quenching and aging processes. This literature study aims to determine how aging from the precipitation hardening process affects aluminum zirconium alloy material on mechanical properties with varying temperature and aging time. The analysis was carried out using secondary data obtained from research published before in various journals. The research material is aluminum zirconium alloy with 0.1-0.4% zirconium composition and above 99.5% aluminum composition. The temperatures used in this study were 375°C, 400°C, and 425°C, and the aging time was up to 400 hours. Based on studies from various literature, it is found that the aging process gets an increase in the hardness value of aluminum alloy materials. The results of this study will be one of the references in further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stents are used in Angio-plasticity (to make the blood flow through it, as an alternative for veins). Reason for choosing material to be shape memory alloy (SMA) is that It should be flexible and resilient. Along with it, it should expand on heating and contract on cooling. A study like this will help to understand more about the behavior of the stent and provide designers with valuable information on how to improve the quality of the stent for different biological loading conditions using FEA. Research and development of new products in biomaterial can be made more cost-effective by implementing this technology. This paper with the help of this FE analysis, two cardiovascular stents made of Aluminum and Nitinol alloy have been thoroughly examined. Comparative results are validated for the different shape memory alloy (SMA) material to know their nonlinear behavior during excessive blood pressure conditions. The outcome of this paper is to determine the FOS and which material is reliable amongst the material. The total deformation of aluminum alloy obtained from the FEA analysis was 1.9174 mm, this total deformation value is greater than the nitinol material. Hence from the analysis its concluded that the nitinol is better than the aluminum alloy when designing a cardiovascular self-expanding stent with more life, less deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the data of optical microscopy of aluminum cast alloy ER4043 fabricated by wire-feed electron-beam additive manufacturing (WEBAM) and samples of composite material made by simultaneous double-wire feed EBAM with the introduction of 5% and 10% of the nickel alloy Udimet-500. The data obtained testify to the complex and heterogeneous structure organization in composite materials made of dissimilar metals with different melting temperatures and densities. The data indicate the presence of non-melting nickel alloy on one side and overheating of aluminum alloy on the other side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum alloys have seen substantial growth in application in the industrial industry in recent years. This is due, in large part, to its ability to integrate lightweight and sturdiness in a single material. Over some decades, Aluminum alloys have been made to develop aerospace applications like aircraft material structures due to their lightweight and higher strength. Aluminum is a less expensive and high-performance material with low manufacturing costs. In this context, understanding the properties of aluminum alloy applications is critical for providing industries and scientists with data that enables them to make the best choices for using this amazing metal. This study aims to give the most recent advances in Al-based alloys like the 2000 series, 7000 series, and Al-Li alloys that have been produced for an aviation sector and have excellent benefits. The characteristics and effectiveness of new advanced 2000, 7000 series Al- Li alloys and aluminum alloys are described and compared to currently available alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, Aluminum alloy 6061 (A6061) was modified by Micro arc Oxidation and incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles to improve its corrosion-resistant. The titanium sheet was utilized as a counter electrode, and an electrolyte solution of its components (10 g/L KH2PO4 + 2g/L NaOH) was used as an electrolyte solution, and a high variable AC voltage of 150 volts is applied, to keep the electrolyte temperature as stable as possible, the cell was immersed in an ice bath. While this electrolyte solution was mixed with the Zinc Oxide nanoparticle to incorporate in the A6061 surface. Micro arc Oxidation and incorporation with (ZnO) NPS were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology of the modified and incorporated surface were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Modified A6061 by Micro arc Oxidation and The addition of nanoparticles demonstrated high corrosion prevention effectiveness even at temperatures ranging from (298-328) K in a 3.5% NaCl medium. Where the corrosion current density increase with the increase in temperature. Pre-exponential factor (A), and activation energy (Ea), were calculated and discussed (kinetic parameters),The thermodynamic parameters ΔG* and ΔH* were also defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alloy of aluminium Al 7075 is a popular alloy with excellent mechanical qualities including hardness and weldability. It is widely utilised as in aircraft and automobile industries for a variety of functions. The effectiveness of Al2O3 nano cutting fluid in Turning operation on Al 7075 aluminium alloy with Minimum quantity lubrication cooling technology is the topic of this research. Cutting temperatures, surface finish, and tool wear was examined in relation to nano concentration, feed rate, and cut depth. The CNC lathe machine was computerized with a feed rate of 0.1 to 0.3 mm/rev and a depth of cut of 0.3 to 0.9 mm. The nozzle pressure on the MQL is kept fixed at 0.5 MPa. After that, the cutting performance of Al2O3 nano cutting fluid at 3 volume concentrations (0, 2, and 4%) was compared to MQL coolant, flood, and dry cooling techniques. Previously, Al2O3 was dissolved in a one-step process in a CNC conventional coolant base. The experimental task was designed utilising the response surface method (RSM) using Face Centered Design (FCD) and the variance analysis (ANOVA) to identify whether parameters are considered significant. Visual sedimentation and UV-Vis spectrometer are used to determine the stability of Al2O3 nano cutting fluid. When Al2O3 nano cutting fluid with a 4% volume concentration is used, the testing result gives the minimum cutting temperature of 28.9°C, the smallest value of surface roughness Ra of 0.547m, and tool wear of 0.0335 percent. The researchers came to the conclusion that the greater the Al2O3 nano cutting fluid volume percentage, the lesser the cutting temperature, the finer the surface roughness quality, and the longer the tool life. Future research should use a longer cutting duration, a quicker feed rate, and a deeper cut depth to achieve more meaningful results. When compared to dry cutting, flood machining, and MQL machining paired with conventional cutting fluid, the effectiveness of Al2O3 nano cutting fluid in respect of cutting temperature, surface finish, and tool life is found to be better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum alloys are used primarily to produce rings, structural components, automotive systems, and aerospace components. Fusion welds are difficult to perform on these alloys due to their poor joint efficiency, solidification cracking, and alloy segregation in aluminum joints. Thus, solid-state welding techniques are preferred for their higher performance with fewer defects, as well as their eco-friendliness. In the present study, solid-state friction stir welding (FSW) process is used for joining dissimilar aluminum alloys AA5083/AA6061. Weld specimens were fabricated for dimensions of 150 x 150 x 6 mm. The rotational speed, the transverse speed, and the tilt angle were set to 1000 rpm, 25 mm/min, and 2°, respectively. The welded specimens were evaluated for their microstructural and mechanical properties. The mode of failure was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result, the dissimilar joints showed a maximum tensile strength of 194.3 MPa and a maximum hardness of 86 Hv in the nugget zone. The maximum hardness was caused by recrystallizing grains in the nugget zone, and the rupture occurred at the heat-affected zone (HAZ) on the retreating side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the research results showing the positive effect of pressure on the formation of the structural properties of aluminum alloys. The processing modes have been established that create the most favourable conditions for the formation of equilibrium structures in aluminum alloys. On prototypes of aluminum alloy B95, having dimensions Ø80 × 60 mm, after processing according to the proposed technology, there are no defects in the cast structure in the entire section. A diagram of the isothermal decomposition of a supersaturated solid solution of alloying elements in aluminum is proposed, illustrating the possibility of quenching after pressing the melt under pressure and subsequent aging according to the selected mode. Using the proposed control and measuring system, the dependences of the change in the compressibility of the melt on pressure and time have been established. It is shown that obtaining high quality cast billets with a dense structure throughout the entire volume can be achieved provided that the process control is automated. A block diagram of a technological process control system has been developed, including a modern control and measuring system, automation and regulation means, which allows to control the main process parameters that have a direct impact on the formation of properties of the resulting blanks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano particles plays a significant role in enhancement of mechanical and tribological properties. The use of Nano particles in the composite fabrication is increased from past few years due to their competency. In this study two Nano particles titanium carbide and zirconium oxide have been considered. These two Nano particles were added in varying amount from 0 to 15 wt. percent in different aluminium alloys. A comparison table shows the changes in the properties by varying the amount of Nano particles in different aluminium based alloys. The impact of TiC nanoparticles and ZrO2 particles in improving the mechanical and tribological properties is studied. This paper provides a ready reference to the researchers working in the similar area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to develop the customized connecting rod based on NAB alloy. Later, the microstructure and morphology at different section of connecting rod mainly at large, medium and small were compared to cooling rate. By preparing NAB's alloy composition (based on ASTM B148 UNS C95800), the type and amount of degassing agent used, the microstructure behavior of NAB such as the effect of cooling rate to the grain size, DAS and SDAS of NAB alloy was also investigated. The experiment included optical microscope equipment for microstructure and SEM/ EDS observation to determine the grain size and distribution which may relate to its cooling rate. composition during melting stages as the variable parameters, investigation of its effect on microstructure was approached. Specimen was selected, cut, prepared and investigate by optical and scanning electron microscope. Based on the results, the alloy morphology is a dendritic structure. The fracture surface also reveals inter-granular fracture between the dendritic structure and its grain boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the design and optimisation of an upright assembly for a passenger vehicle were investigated by performing static analysis. Upright assembly is a critical mounting part of a suspension system because it connects all suspension, steering and braking components together to the chassis. Reduction in weight of this component translates to improved performance. The objective of this research was to optimise the upright to reduce the component's unsprung mass. Solidwork was used to create the model and the static analysis was then performed using the Ansys software, with mild steel as the initial material and the constraints as well as loads were calculated for various scenarios such as braking and cornering maneuvers. The design was optimized by topology optimisation method which considered the areas with low induced stress for material removal. The geometry was then redesigned based on the resulting topology and static analysis was repeated with using different aluminium alloys. The weight of the component was successfully reduced by 50% after the topology optimisation. The use of aluminium, which has a low material density than mild steel, allowed a further weight reduction of 30%. It was also revealed that in comparison to mild steel, the strength was retained with a 15% increase in factor of safety when using aluminium 7075-T6 alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminium alloys play a major role in synthesizing parts for the aerospace, automobile, and defence sectors because of their ease of production and modification. The addition of hard-ceramic particles to the aluminium matrix will improve the strength-to-weight ratio. Aluminium 7075 alloy is chosen as a workpiece because of its high strength and low weight. Metal matrix composites, particularly aluminium alloy matrix composites, are suitable choices for industrial applications because of their favourable technical features. In this work, the Aluminium 7075 metal matrix was strengthened with Graphite and Bagasse ash. It was formulated by the stir casting method. The reinforcement was added in three compositions. The machining characteristics are studied by testing its properties such as the microstructure of the specimen and properties of wear. The properties of these specimens are compared with the three compositions that we have produced and the best is chosen among them. The microstructure is analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to its unique weldability and flexibility to be extruded, polymer composites are frequently utilised in welding, extrusions, forging, and casting. By integrating hard-ceramic particles into the aluminium matrix, the strength- to-weight ratio will be enhanced. Because of its high strength and low weight, aluminium 6061 alloy is used as workpiece material. Because of their favourable technical features, metal matrix composites, particularly aluminium alloy matrix composites, are good choices for industrial applications. The metal matrix of Aluminum 6061 was strengthened with Ash and SiC in this project. The stir casting procedure helped to create it. Three different mixes of reinforcement were used. Testing such as the tensile test, hardness test, impact test and microstructure examination are used to investigate mechanical qualities. These specimens' qualities are compared to the three compositions we've created, and the best of them is picked. Scanning Electron Microscope is used to examine the microstructure (SEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composites of aluminium alloy have strength comparable to conventional metals. Copperas an alloying element results in improved strength of aluminium. Silicon carbide and graphite also yield better strength when reinforced to aluminium alloys. Graphite has additional advantage due to its solid lubricant characteristic. Effect of silicon carbide and graphite on tensile strength and hardness are studied by varying reinforcement of silicon carbide the percentage of which is based on design of experiments. Tensile strength along with hardnesshas increased with 0 – 8 % SiC reinforcement. These values are further improved upon additionof graphite as secondary reinforcement in the hybrid composites. This can be attributed to uniform distribution of reinforcements as reveled by Scanning Electron Microscope images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of reviews is a innovative developments in aluminium alloys with more attention for selecting proper composition, different processing techniques, reinforcements and different heat treatment methods to enhance the properties. Aluminium alloys are suitable for many applications due to its light weight and their properties are better compare to conventional alloys. Apart from the microstructural modification addition of reinforcements and coatings were also improves the properties of aluminium alloys. Due to the notable properties are added to the insertion of Lithium into the aluminium matrix, it is observed that there is no much suitable innovation on insertion of Li to Al-alloys has to be studied. The interest for inserting Lithium in aluminium alloy is given. A historical developments & usage of aluminium lithium alloys are studied for past few years. The first and second generation Al-Li alloy limitations are presented and remedies are discussed. Even there is research gap in utilization of third generation aluminium lithium alloys AA2195 has to be study. There is a research gap to improve excellent properties by latest developments taken place in aluminium lithium composites. The present work is focus on development of better economical method for the fabrication of the aluminium Lithium alloys and its composites is a very important factor for extending their application. The present interest in development aluminium lithium alloys and its nanocomposites because these alloys are having less density, more specific strength and more specific moduli. Medium Frequency Casting Method is used for preparation of aluminium alloys composites [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental research article focuses on determining tensile properties of Aluminum 5154 alloy reinforced with 5% weight fraction of Sic, 5 % weight fraction of TiB2 and 2.5% weight fraction each of SiC and TiB2, fabricated by stir casting method. The effect of the reinforcements on mechanical properties like tensile strength and tensile modulus are evaluated and compared with Al 6063 and Al7075 alloys. TiB2 reinforced composite exhibited superior tensile properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses some problems related to the automation of high-pressure casting machines in the production of parts of aluminum and its alloys. The possibilities for use of industrial robots in automation of the work of high-pressure casting machines are defined. A system for generalized assessment of the technical characteristics of industrial robots used for extraction of castings from high-pressure casting machines has been developed. Recommendations for using the created system are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this research is to optimize the drilling parameters of point angle influence along with, cutting speed, and feed rate on aluminium alloy. Surface roughness (Ra), Thrust Force (Fz), Material removal rate (MRR), are the output parameters. Experiments were carried out utilising two different point angle drill bits in accordance with the Taguchi experimental design, based an L-9 orthogonal array was employed for this investigation. To optimize the output parameters, grey relational analysis (GRA) is used. The objective function of output parameters are Surface roughness and thrust force are considered to be 'smaller the better,' whereas MRR is considered to be 'larger the better.' It was found that drill bit's point angle, which not only reduces torque and thrust force but also improves hole dimensional quality. The research sets the door for future applications to choose the right tool based on a set of factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser cladding is a growing technological method that utilizes a navigating high power laser for melting a small region of the substrate; it has a function of trapping and melting entering powder particles. Hence, the process leads to the development of a new stratum. Aluminum alloy Matrix composites afford properties suchlike high wear resistance, high tensile strength, lightweight; this composites is finding wide applications in automotive industry. This review presents a brief discussion on laser cladding for aluminum base alloys for automotive industry with emphasis on aluminum alloys matrix composite for automotive industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usage of aluminium as an alloy has great demands in the construction, aerospace/aircraft, especially in the automotive sector. Almost all frames and engine construction are made of aluminium alloy. The advantages of aluminium include its lightweight metal, corrosion resistance, good electrical conductor, easy integration with other metals, and machinability. Al-Si alloys in the automotive sector, such as conditional pistons are very suitable because of their wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and lightness properties. This study aimed to identify the effect of adding copper to the Al-Si alloy to obtain the Al-Si-Cu alloy, which was expected to provide mechanical strengthening and microstructure from the stir casting process. The mechanical toughness test results showed an increase in toughness at the addition of 1.5 wt% with a value of 0.0977 J/mm2. Simultaneously, the raw material had a value of 0.0707 J/mm2, gradually decreased with the addition that exceeded 1.5 wt%, namely 2.5 wt% addition resulted in a value of 0.0661 J/mm2, and the addition of 3.5 wt% with a value of 0.0578 J/mm2. The formed microstructure showed continuous smaller granules with increasing Cu percentage, while the dendrites had slender characteristics that increased with increasing Cu percentage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In now day's aluminum and aluminum alloys are widely used in airline industries. Modern Advanced materials which are structured is increased with the increased demands in the airline industries in which various efforts have been taken. Modern engines need to have higher power capacity accompanied by reduction in fuel consumption. Therefore, requires a specific recognized material where it must satisfy the requirement of advanced engine which are super and high strength alloys AA7175 with addition of nickel. The effect of nickel additions on the impact strength and strength hardness of AA7175 alloys was carried out. Recently, experiments, including a mechanical composition change for an AA7175 and Ni alloy and starting recently heat treatments, were made to further increment the mechanical properties of these alloys. With the change in the chemical composition of Ni as 0.2%,0.4% and 0.6% investigated impact strength and strength hardness of AA7175. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of deformation of aluminum and beryllium alloys under loading by weak shock waves (when the shock wave does not absorb the elastic precursor) are numerically studied on the basis of a relaxation model with dislocation kinetics of plastic shears. The structure of both nonstationary and stationary shock-wave profiles is modeled. Plastic flow is calculated behind the elastic precursor front directly in the front of a weak shock wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerical simulation method is widely used for a suppressed time, material, and cost purpose of the research area in the recent digitalization era. In casting process simulation, the parameters are needed as a real condition representative, determining metallurgical characteristics within a multiphase flow. The initial and essential step in determining it is that varying the control temperature is pre-heat (30°C, 200°C, and 400°C) and pouring temperature (675°C, 725°C, and 775°C). There are used so that the characteristic of casting design can be identified, and defects are avoided. In this study, an investigation will be carried out to control temperature towards mold filling and solidification process on aluminum base alloy piston through gravity permanent casting. As a result, this research revealed that variable changes influence the mold filling and solidification process. Even more, the presence of progressive solidification is detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of current variation in the anodizing process to aluminum oxide layer thickness and corrosion resistance. Aluminum with a purity of 97.34% is used in the anodizing process. The chemical composition of the test object is as follows: 97.34% Al, 0.034% Si, 0.46% Fe, 1.87% Mn, and 0.043% Cu. Work on early before anodizing process is the cleaning material mechanically with a brush and sandpaper, followed by chemical cleaning by dipping aluminum into the solution of nitric acid and hold for 10-20 seconds. After that, the process of etching (chemical milling) is conducted by using a soda (sodium hydroxide) to remove the natural luster on aluminum and then Desmutt process taken to eliminate smut or thin layers of gray to black from aluminum alloying elements that are not soluble in the cleaning and etching solution in aluminum. In this process the material is dipped into an acid solution florat 10-20 seconds. Anodizing process is performed by placing the aluminum to be anodized as an anode. Aluminum is immersed in an electrolyte solution of sulfuric acid 15%. Currents variation used for anodizing process are 1 Ampere, 2 Ampere and 3 Ampere, respectively, while, the voltage used is 30 Volt with immersion time of 40 minutes. To determine the thick oxide layer, observations is carried out on micro photograph specimens of anodizing results. From the observations, it can be concluded that the greater the current that is used, the larger the penetration of oxidation in specimens, and will increase layer of oxide thickness. Consequently corrosion resistant of aluminum is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) come under advanced materials that can be used for a wide range of industrial applications. MMCs contain a non-metallic reinforcement incorporated into a metallic matrix which can enhance properties over base metal alloys. Copper-Carbon fiber reinforced aluminium based hybrid composites were prepared by compo casting method. 4 weight % copper was used as alloying element with Al because of its precipitation hardened properties. Different weight compositions of composites were developed and characterized by mechanical testing. A significant improvement in tensile strength and micro hardness were found, before and after heat treatment of the composite. The SEM analysis of the fractured surfaces showed dispersed and embedded Carbon fibers within the network leading to the enhanced strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important characteristic of aluminum foam is compressive strength, which is reflected by its impact energy and Young's modulus. In the present research, optimization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content in the synthesized aluminum foam in order to obtain the highest compressive strength was carried out. The results of this study will be used to determine the CaCO3 content synthesis process parameter in pilot plant scale production of an aluminum foam. The experiment was performed by varying the concentration of calcium carbonate content, which was used as foaming agent, at constant alumina concentration (1.5 wt%), which was added as stabilizer, and temperature (725 °C). It was found that 4 wt% CaCO3 gave the lowest relative density, which was 0.15, and the highest porosity, which was 85.29%, and compressive strength of as high as 0.26 Mpa. The pore morphology of the obtained aluminum foam at such condition was as follow: the average pore diameter was 4.42 mm, the wall thickness minimum of the pore was 83.24mm, roundness of the pore was 0.91. Based on the fractal porosity, the compressive strength was inversely proportional to the porosity and huddled on a power law value of 2.91. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe base superalloy has a good mechanical strength to be used as component operating at high temperature with oxidative environment. Although, the oxidation rate can not be tolerated as it will be oxidized and form oxide scale of un-protective FeO. Coating is a proper solution that this alloy can be used at high temperature. In this research, pack aluminizing on sample was conducted with temperatures of 900 °C, 1000 °C and 1100 °C for 10 hours in inert (argon) environment and then an oxidation test was carried out at temperature of 650 °C by an isothermal method for 10 hours in air environment. It was carried out an analysis for characteristics of coating and oxide scale formed in Fe-Al-Cr super alloy resulted from pack aluminizing. From this experiment, it was indicated by XRD analysis that the coating formed on substrate was a layer of FeAl2 compound, other than coating it was found a diffused zone, where in this area it occurred movement of Fe and Cr atoms from substrate toward coating, while Al atoms moved from coating to substrate. The increase of temperature of pack aluminizing process will affect settling rate of Al and coating growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present work is a basic study of production, modelling and validation of sheet composites of AA6xxx-automotive alloy and IF-steel. In this context the influence of surface preparation, pre-heating temperature of aluminium and steel plate, and thickness reduction on the bond strength of the composites as well as on the formation of intermetallic interface layers is analysed by shear tests and metallographic evaluations of the interface. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]