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The main aim of this study is to identify the shape variation of lungs which are affected by COVID-19 with the help of Hough Transform and Radon transform features. The dataset is taken from the kaggle open source. A total of 200 image samples are obtained using G-Power, by fixing the parameters such as effect size (d) is given 0.57, standard error rate is given as 0.05 and power is given as 0.80 respectively. These segmented images are used in this analysis for differentiation of normal and COVID subjects using the Radon transform for the shape features extraction. By using SPSS software the significance of the best algorithm is obtained. Shape features which are extracted by Hough transform and Radon transform algorithms are classified by using KNN and SVM classifiers. From the obtained results, the feature values of Radon moments are observed to be statistically significant for M15,7 (p=0.03) compared to Hough transformed moments M10,8 (p=0.06). The mean and standard values of M15,7 for inter (normal and COVID) subjects are (0.51±0.24, 0.10±0.05) for Radon normalised features. The mean and standard deviation values of M10,8 for inter subjects are (0.21±0.04, 0.18±0.03) for Hough normalised features. From the above mentioned values, it is clear that the COVID subjects have loss in shape of lungs due to abnormality. The accuracy and F1 score values of Radon transform are 100 and 100 using KNN and SVM classifiers respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, from the above analysis it is clearly observed that Radon transform provides better classification between normal and COVID subjects when compared to Hough transform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this analysis is to estimate the texture deformation in lung CT images caused by COVID 19. For this analysis, a total of 176 sample sizes are obtained based on the given parameters. The input images are gathered from Github.org. This analysis comes in for the comparison between Local Binary Pattern and Gradient Descriptor Pattern and Gradient Local Ternary Pattern to analyze the textural changes in Computed Tomography (CT) lung Scans. To classify acquired characteristics, a K-NN and NN classifier are used. The feature values obtained using Gradient local ternary pattern are found to be statistically significant(p<0.05) compared to Local binary pattern and Gradient directional pattern. The significant values of Gradient local ternary pattern are GLTP86, GLTP70, GLTP82with mean values of normal (0.26, 0.19, 0.16) and COVID (0.12, 0.21, 0.13). GLTP acquired Area under curve(0.960), classification accuracy (0.838), F1-score(0.831), precision(0.848), and recall(0.838) are obtained using K-NN classifier. The most significant feature value of LBP and GDP are L11andG94which shows significant ability in differentiating normal(9.46) and COVID(0.38) of LBP and normal(10.80) and COVID(5.86) of GDP. As a result of the low LBP and GDP values, information in the CT images would be lost. The extracted textural features are consistent in demonstrating a substantial difference between normal and COVID CT scan images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this analysis is to analyze the quantity of textural variations of lung CT scan images and extraction of features despite incidents of COVID-19. Essential input images for this analysis are acquired from a public domain database called Github.org. In this analysis, the comparison between Local Directional Texture Pattern (LDTP) and Local Directional Number Pattern (LDNP) to analyze the texture deformation of CT lung scans is carried out. Classification of normal and COVID subjects is carried out using Logistic Regression classifier. In COVID subjects textural variation is more despite tissue annihilation and in normal subjects textural variation is less due to the gentle surface of the lung. Feature values acquired using LDN are observed to be statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to LDTP values. LDN has obtained precision (0.891), F1-score (0.871), Recall (0.876), AUC (0.933), Classification Accuracy (0.876) are calculated using logistic regression classifier. Higher values of LDN of normal indicates that in COVID subjects there will be structural and intensity information loss despite the presence of COVID. LDN is tough against illumination, noise, time lapse variations. The extracted textural features are able to confine the significant difference in the normal and COVID CT scan images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To estimate the texture deformation in lung CT images caused by COVID 19 using local binary pattern and Weber local descriptor Pattern in comparison with local gradient increasing pattern features. Materials and Methods: G-power tool is used to calculate the total number of samples required for the analysis. A total of 176 samples per group is obtained by fixing the standard error rate, effect size, and predefined power parameters in G power tool are set to 0.05, 0.3, and 0.80, respectively. Results: The feature values obtained using Local Gradient Increasing Pattern are found to exhibit the significance of 0.0001 (p<0.05) compared to local binary pattern and Weber Local Descriptor. Significant Local Gradient Increasing Patterns are LGIP11, LGIP19, LGIP23, with mean values of normal as 0.42, 0.48, and 0.45 respectively and COVID as 0.35, 0.39, and 0.41 respectively. Neural network classifier is found to achieve a high accuracy of 0.98 using LGIP features in differentiating normal and COVID subjects compared to logistic regression and K-NN classifier. Conclusion: Local gradient increasing patterns perform significantly better than the local binary pattern and Weber local descriptor in differentiating normal and COVID subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li1-xNixMgxFe2.5-xO4 ferrite system is synthesized from solid state reaction method (x = 0.00 to 0.25, each step is 0.05). The operational frequency is shifted to higher values with substituent concentration(x) in lithium ferrite. The natural resonance frequency has been observed to be enhanced 106 MHz to 1GHz for the concentration of x>0.10. Snoek product varies in proportion with Ms. Cation distribution is proposed from saturation magnetization and XRD studies, and verified from FTIR and electromagnetic properties. The variations of electromagnetic properties are explained by suggesting the transfer of Mg ions to tetrahedral site (x>0.10). The selected composition offered new possibilities in the solid state synthesis for enhancing the critical frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work is to study the wear characteristics of graphite reinforced Al-Si based functionally Graded materials (FGMs). FGM were fabricated through directional solidification (DS) technique. To achieve this graphite chill were incorporated at the end of the mold. The accomplished FGM are explored for microstructure and tribological properties to study the significance of end chill. The microstructure is analysed using optical microscope, showed that the number of silicon particles present at the top portion is more when compared to the bottom portion. The tribological studies showed that top portion of FGM exhibited highest wear resistance in compared to the bottom portion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the current work is to estimate the maximum resultant displacement and energy absorption capacity of fascia and body in white structure during crash. Any change in automobile design leads to decrement of passenger's compartment area. Therefore, another option available is to change the materials in automobile which can minimize the damages in accidents. The details of the Fascia and body in white structure are taken from Honda Accord Model. The crash tests are performed on fascia considering the Dual Phase 600 Steel, TI6AL4V alloy and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Plastic materials. The fascia crash test is performed as per United States New Car Assessment Program and Roof crush test is performed as per federal motor vehicle standards 216. Deformation and energy absorption capacity during crash have been analyzed by using finite element solver LS-DYNA. The results shows that, the energy absorption capacity of Dual Phase 600 Steel is greater than that of TI6AL4V alloy and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Plastic during the fascia crash test. In case of roof crush test, maximum resultant displacement of Dual Phase 600 steel is less compared to TI6AL4V Alloy. This analysis helps in selection of material which can minimizes the damage during vehicle accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparing the performance of triangular microstrip patch antennas on FR4 epoxy substrate with that of typical rectangular microstrip antennas while operating at 5.8 GHz is the goal of this research project. At a frequency of 5.8GHz, the HFSS tool was used to compare the gain and return loss of an innovative triangular microstrip patch antenna to that of a rectangular patch microstrip patch antenna on a FR4 epoxy substrate. This evaluation was carried out so that a conclusion could be drawn regarding which antenna configuration provided the better performance. Both antennas contributed a combined total of 32 samples that were gathered (i.eEach group has 16 samples). With the assistance of the G Power statistical programme, the size of the sample was determined with a degree of confidence equal to eighty percent. Both the gain (4.2525 dB) and the return loss (-14.5095 dB) of the innovative triangular microstrip patch antenna are superior than those of the standard rectangular microstrip patch antenna, which are, respectively, 3.8664 dB and-14.509 dB. (-15.7555 dB). The significance level reached by the use of SPSS is lower than 0.05. (0.035). Within the confines of this inquiry, the unique triangular microstrip patch antenna at 5.8GHz gives good gain (4.2525 dB) and return loss (1.1 dB) (-14.5095 dB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This effort is being done in order to build a square patch antenna operating at 5.8 GHz that has a higher gain than the traditional rectangular microstrip patch antennas that are manufactured on a substrate made of FR4 epoxy. A square patch antenna on a FR4 epoxy substrate was constructed for use at 5.8 GHz. This was done so that the antenna's gain may be increased in comparison to that of rectangular microstrip patch antennas. Both the Materials and the Methods: The consequences of Novel Ideas in terms of money On a FR4 epoxy substrate, the HFSS programme compared the performance of a square microstrip patch antenna to that of a rectangle patch antenna while both antennas were operating at 5.8GHz. The two antennas produced a total of 32 samples when combined (i.e Each group has 16 samples). The statistical tool known as G Power is used in order to make an estimate of the sample size using a confidence interval of 80 percent. When compared to its rectangular counterpart, the innovative square microstrip patch antenna has a gain of 5.2371 and a return loss of 15.3903 dB that is much lower (-15.7555 dB). The p-value of 0.035 that was calculated using SPSS is lower than the critical value required for statistical significance (0.05). According to the findings of this research, the square microstrip patch antenna has a greater gain (5.2371dB) and a smaller return loss than the rectangular patch antenna while operating at 5.8GHz (-15.3903dB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pt/MgO (100) interface electronic properties have been analyzed with first principles density functional theory plus nonequilibrium greenes function (NEGF) framework. We analysed n-type schottky barrier hight (SBH) of metal-insulator (Pt/MgO) interface for various biase voltage using two probe model. The applied bias voltage +0.5 V for left and right electrode of supercell, we found large n-SBH is 3.12 eV due to strong interface dipoles. Similarly, in the case of bias voltage -0.5 V for left and +0.5 V for right electrode the n-SBH is lower by 1.91 V. These large SBH values are useful in electronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromium doped Copper-Cobalt ferrite Nanoparticles were obtained by sol-gel auto-combustion method using citric acid as a fuel. The metal nitrates to citric acid ratio was taken as 1:1. The prepared powder of Cr3+ doped copper-cobalt ferrite nanoparticles is annealed at 600°C for 5 hrs and the same powder was used for characterization and investigations of structural properties. The phase composition, micro-structural, micro morphological and elemental analysis studies were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The FTIR spectra of these samples are recorded to ensure the presence of the metallic compounds. The average crystallite size obtained by Scherrer’s formula is of the order of 19.28 nm to 32.92 nm. The dielectric properties are investigated as a function of frequency at room temperature using LCR-Q meter. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of the Cr3+ substituted Cu-Co ferrite sintered at 1100°C lies in the range of 5.4136-28.9943 emu/g, the coercivity (Hc) dropped desperately from about 2091.3-778.53Oe as Cr3+ composition increases from 0.0 to 0.25. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Components working at elevated temperature like boiler tubes of coal and gas fired power generation plants, blades of gas and steam turbines etc. experience degradation owing to oxidation. Oxidation resistance of such components can be increased by developing protective coatings. In the present investigation NiCrAlY-WC-Co/Cenosphere coating is deposited on MDN 321 steel substrate using plasma spray coating. Thermo cyclic oxidation behavior of coating and substrate is studied in static air at 600 °C for 20 cycles. The thermo gravimetric technique is used to approximate the kinetics of oxidation. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray mapping techniques are used to characterize the oxidized samples. NiCrAlY-WC-Co/Cenosphere coating exhibited lower oxidation rate in comparison to MDN 321 steel substrate. The lower oxidation rate of coating is attributed to formation of Al2O3, Cr2O3, NiO and CoWO4 oxides on the outermost surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samarium substituted 0.8Ba0.2(Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3 (here after abbreviated as BTBKT-20) lead free ceramics with composition 0.8Ba0.2(Bi0.5(1-x)Sm0.5xK0.5)TiO3 (where x=0.01,0.03,0.05) lead free ceramics have been prepared by solid state reaction and followed by high energy ball milling process. The present paper focuses the impedance and ac conductivity studies of Sm substituted BTBKT-20 lead free ceramics. Impedance spectroscopic studies revealthat temperature dependent relaxation process. Single depressed semi circle was observed in Cole-Cole plots, indicates non-Debye kind of relaxation process. Maximum grain resistance was observed for x=0.03 Sm substituted BTBKT-20 sample. Frequency and temperature dependent AC conductivity was calculated and it found to obey the universal Jonscher's power law and the values of activation energies suggest that conduction is ionic in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

0.8BaTiO3-0.2(Bi0.5(1-x)Nd0.5xK0.5)TiO3 (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.06) lead free ceramic materials have been prepared by solid state reaction method and followed by high energy ball milling process. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the tetragonal structure of the materials at room temperature. Lattice parameters and density are decreasing with increase of Nd substitution. Microstructure studies were done by using Scanning electron microscope and it found that grain size is decreasing with increase of Nd substitution. Temperature and frequency dependent dielectric studies reveal relaxor behaviour of the materials. Dielectric constant, dielectric loss and Curie temperature are decreasing with Nd substitution. Maximum Curie temperature of 195°C was observed at 1MHz for x=0.01 Nd substituted sample. Degree of diffuseness was calculated from the modified Curie-Weiss law and it is increasing with Nd substitution. AC conductivity is increasing with increase of Nd substitution and observed maximum activation energy of 0.52 eV for x=0.02 Nd substituted sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac arrest occurs as the heart muscle fails to contract properly, resulting in a sudden loss of blood supply. The ECG signal is one of the techniques for detecting cardiac electrical activity and is used to investigate heart block. In this paper different standardized work for early detection of cardiac arrest is described. Stages of ECG signal pre-processing involves denoised using digital filtering algorithms and extracting different features from clean ECG predicting cardiac arrest in early stage. Several other body parameters were also considered for this purpose. In this work denoising validation parameters were compared for showing effectiveness of the filtering algorithm and several body parameters and its implication on cardiac arrest was described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the finite element model updating technique is evaluated for the estimation and modeling of material damping of composite material intended to be used in a high-speed rotor-bearing support system. An accurate estimation and modeling of material damping is required for the proper understanding of the dynamic behavior of composite material used in the high-speed rotor-bearing system. Due to the contrasting relevance of material damping as rotating internal damping and stationary external support damping in a high-speed rotor-bearing system, updating methodology is required to be varied. Hence to start with, the finite element numerical model updating of stationary damping of composite material is presented here using the test data extracted from the experimental free vibration and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tungsten carbide tool places in are coated by customized composition of Ti/TiCN/TiN/TiCN/TiN for multilayer and monolayer TiC-C using PVD assisted CAE technique. Quality physiognomies of coatings are evaluated using VDI3198 and Calo tests. Thickness of the coatings for Ti-multilayer and monolayer are found to be 1.837 and 1.198 µm respectively and adhesion quality of HF1 attained. Highly alloyed steel MDN431 is used as machining material to evaluate the performance of coatings. The coated tool insert performance has been evaluated at the machining parameters cutting speed in the range of 59-118 m/min, feed rate is 0.062-0.125 mm/rev and depth of cut is ap 0.2-0.4 mm during machining of MDN431 steel. Experiments are conducted based on L27 full factorial design. Cutting forces and surface roughness are analysed using regression analysis. Desirability approach as well as PSO technique is used to optimize the process parameters. Least cutting force and surface roughness are obtained at the condition of Vc-118 m/min, f-0.063 mm/rev, ap-0.2 mm and Vc-59 m/min, f0.063 mm/rev, ap-0.2 mm for Ti-multilayer and TiC-C coatings respectively. To augment the capability of predictive regression models and coefficients of determination (COD), ANN modelling has been adopted. Cutting forces and surface roughness are predicted using ANN and mathematical regression models, predicted data follows the experimental data with minimum absolute error. Tool wear was reduced by 65.7% in Ti-multilayer and TiC-C coated tools compared to uncoated tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiNiCo Shape memory alloy are most usable material in the field of biomedical, aerospace and robotics applications due to their unique class of properties. Super elasticity, shape memory effect and two phase transformation behaviour of these alloys make unique material. Machining of shape memory alloy is quite difficult through traditional machining process hence non-traditional machining of these materials is suitable. Ti50Ni40Co10 shape memory alloy was developed through Vacuum arc melting furnace for the present study. Wire electro discharge machining (A Nontraditional Machining) was used for machining of selected alloy. Moreover TOPSIS method implemented for the parametric optimization of WEDM. Pulse on time, wire speed, Servo voltage, Pulse off time and servo feed were considered as process parameters and productivity rate and surface quality (average roughness) were consider as output process parameters of WEDM. To see the effect of machining on the machined component EDX analysis has been carried out of optimal process parameters setting. 4.72 mm³/min productivity rate and 1.26 μm average roughness was found at optimal combination of process parameters of WEDM. Moreover, during the EDX analysis Cu, Zn, O and C were noticed on the machined surface including the parent material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber metal composites made up of alternative layers of metallic and composite are now widely used in Aircraft structures are result of one such effort which bring in the combined strengths of composites and metals. In a similar way, the use of metal fiber composites made up of composite material laminates sandwiched between metallic sheets firmly bonded with high quality adhesives can become an effective replacement of conventional metallic components in high speed machinery such as gas turbines. The benefits of this hybrid form of composite material has the potential of use in areas where fiber reinforced composite material cannot be directly exposed due to the harsh environment of gas turbines. In addition, the metallic surfaces can easily interface into their respective metallic assemblies. Such hybrid composite materials used in static structures can push some of the structural natural frequencies beyond the operating speeds. Composite material used in supporting structures can effectively dampen the excessive vibrations and to further improve the damping capacity the viscoelastic material can also be strategically inserted between the layers. In rotating systems hybrid composite material can be used for some of the long slender shafts to push the critical speeds away from the operating speeds. But unlike supporting structures the damping present in the composite material can induce rotor dynamic instability of rotor-bearing systems. Hence the right combination of metal and fiber reinforced composites can effectively avoid or place the resonances and drastically reduce the vibrating stresses to improve the overall fatigue life of rotating machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of cobalt based cladding on a titanium substrate using microwave cladding technique is benchmark in coating area. The developed cladding would serve the function of a corrosion resistant coating under high temperatures. Clads of thickness 500 µm have been developed by microwave hybrid heating. A microwave furnace of 2.45GHz frequency was used at a 900W power level for processing. Impact of processing time on melting and adhesion of clad has been discussed. The study also extended to static thermal analysis of simple parts with cladding using commercial Finite Element analysis (FEA) software. A comparative study is explored between four variants of the clad being developed. The analysis has been conducted using a square sample. Similar temperature gradient is also shown for a proposed multi-layer coating, which includes a thermal barrier coating yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) on top of the corrosion resistant clad. The YSZ coating would protect the corrosion resistant cladding and substrate from high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turbine forgings and other components are required to be high resistance to corrosion and oxidation because which they are highly alloyed with Ni and Cr. Midhani manufactures one of such material MDN431. It’s a hard-to-machine steel with high hardness and strength. PVD coated insert provide an answer to problem with its state of art technique on the WC tool. Machinability studies is carried out on MDN431 steel using uncoated and Ti-multilayer coated WC tool insert using Taguchi optimisation technique. During the present investigation, speed (398-625rpm), feed (0.093-0.175mm/rev), and depth of cut (0.2-0.4mm) varied according to Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, subsequently cutting forces and surface roughness (Ra) were measured. Optimizations of the obtained results are done using Taguchi technique for cutting forces and surface roughness. Using Taguchi technique linear fit model regression analysis carried out for the combination of each input variable. Experimented results are compared and found the developed model is adequate which supported by proof trials. Speed, feed and depth of cut are linearly dependent on the cutting force and surface roughness for uncoated insert whereas Speed and depth of cut feed is inversely dependent in coated insert for both cutting force and surface roughness. Machined surface for coated and uncoated inserts during machining of MDN431 is studied using optical profilometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper some of the important parameters that influence the effectiveness of composite material shaft of high speed rotor-bearing system on rotor dynamics are analyzed. The type of composite material composition, the number of layers along with their stacking sequences are evaluated as they play an important role in deciding the best configuration suitable for the high-speed application. In this work the lateral modal frequencies for five types of composite materials shaft of a high-speed power turbine rotor-bearing system and stresses due to operating torque are evaluated. The results are useful for the selection of right combination of material, number of layers and their stacking sequences. The numerical analysis is carried out using the ANSYS Rotor dynamic analysis features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good and clean water are basic necessities for human beings for food, drinking and washing purpose. Various methods are available for converting salty water into pure drinking water. Desalination is one of the most popular salty water purification technologies. In this technology the pure water is produced without salt content from the salty water. When comparing with the various energy storage materials such as Cotton Cloths, Jute and Rubber mates. The Jute and Rubber mates bed materials gives more yield than other heat absorbing materials. The best slope of glass cover is 450 and the water depth of still is 0.050 m The maximum day yield for salty water with pebbles and gravels bed materials was 7420 ml/m2/day without thermocol insulation and the maximum day yield for salty water from Jute and Rubber mates bed material was 7650 ml/m2/day with thermocol insulation. And the maximum yield efficiency of solar still is 58%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental affecting wastages such as plastic wrappers, plastic bottles, and some foodstuffs are generated and disposed through the windows by the passengers during the journey. The average person generates 1.95 kilograms of waste per day. This should never let our environment to degrade day-by-day, the society should provide the solution which makes our India a waste-free zone, and this paper gives an extent impact on waste collection and its reduction during train travel, in which the waste collector set-up is planned to fix outside to the train window. In the waste collector, the hinged support collector is extended along the length of compartments on either side of the train, which is planned to make of aluminum alloys. The passenger can use the door mechanism to dispose their waste as in the dustbin, and thereby the wastages are easily collected with the help of screwing mechanism for further action. The outside implementation of the waste collector may chance to affect the aerodynamic performance of the train, so the aerodynamic study on the train with the waste collector is mandatory to ensure the train's dynamic stability. In order to study the aerodynamic performance of the train with waste collector, CFD simulation and experimental testing are carried out. In Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the reference component is modeled with the CATIA and simulations are carried out in the Ansys Workbench 16.2. The 1/45 scaled model of the train with and without waste collector is tested experimentally in a wind tunnel and the results are compared with numerical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present studies deals with comparison of high velocity oxy fuel and flame spray coating process by developing CoMoCrSi (Tribaloy T400) coating on a titanium grade-15 substrate. Prior to coating, feedstock is processed to obtain higher fraction intermetallics through high energy ball milling technique under controlled atmosphere. Processed feedstock material is sprayed on a Ti-15 substrate through HVOF and Flame spray process. The coated specimens are subjected to metallurgical and mechanical characterization using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Vickers mico hardness tester and bond strength using pull off test method. HVOF sprayed coating exhibits superior properties compared to Flame sprayed coating in terms of surface roughness, porosity, micro hardness and adhesion strength. The detailed studies of two coating systems is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solgel gel derived bioglasses require stabilisation heat treatment to decompose nitrates and to improve mechanical stability. While decomposing nitrate phases especially in solgel derived 45S5 bioglass, it is difficult to avoid crystallisation of silicate crystalline phases (Na2CaSi2O6, Na2Ca2Si3O9) due to overlapping of nitrates decomposition and silicates crystallisation temperatures. Control of such crystallinity amount in bioglasses is at most important during stabilisation as it affects the dissolution rates of bioglassesin body fluids. Controlling and quantifying of this crystallinity helps in engineering bioglasses for specific period in application. In this work, synthesis of 45S5 bioglass through solgel method is presented. Here, temperature and time dependent crystallisation kinetics were estimated using a quality parameter derived from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of bioglass during stabilisation treatment. Quality parameter derived from XRD patterns is termed as IPB which is the ratio of integral area of peaks to the integral area of background. It is proposed that IPB can be used as quality parameter to assess crystallinity and to study crystallisation kinetics in bioglasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]