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In the present study, the kinematics of Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles based working electrode were studied as an effect of sacrificial agent in electrolyte. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) reveals the hexagonal morphology of CdS NPs with average particle size measured of 12.04±2.79 nm. The improvement in electrochemical behavior of CdS NPs deposited on Ni foam as an effect of sacrificial agent is investigated using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). On the addition of 0.1 M Na2S as a sacrificial agent in 0.5M Na2SO4 electrolyte solution, enhancement in the current density and lowering of onset potentials for electrochemical cycle has been observed. Also, decrease in series and charge transfer resistance has been observed, thus depicting the improvement in electrode and electrolyte interface kinematics as a result of addition of sacrificial agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized via an eco-friendly and cost-effective method, utilizing Myrtle leaves extract. The green synthesis approach is deemed one of the safest methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR, AFM, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, XRD, and FESEM with EDX. The impact of various concentrations of CdS nanoparticles on the antibacterial activity of two types of bacteria, Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli "E. Coli," was investigated, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conducting polymers have many applications because of their unique structural, optical and electrical properties. Supercapacitors and solar cells benefit from polythiophene and its derivatives shows excellent capacitive energy density and low material cost respectively. FTIR Spectrum indicates the presence of Cd-S, C=C & CH2 groups in prepared samples. The CdS and P3HT materials were blended as seen in the FESEM images to increase both the conductivity and size of the porous grains. XRD pattern reveals the structural modification in the P3HT-CdS compared to P3HT pattern. The fabricated supercapacitor using P3HT based material exhibits specific capacitance 510 F/g to 240 F/g over 2500 GCD cycles with 47% of capacitance retention. This study demonstrates clearly that P3HT-CdS is a promising material for energy-related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compounds cadmium sulfide CdS, magnesium Mg, and cobalt CO were prepared in liquid form at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 0.5 mM, respectively. where all the films were prepared (CdS, CdS:Mg, CdS:CO Mg, and cobalt CO were prepared in liquid form at their respective concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 0.5 mM. where all the films were prepared (CdS, CdS:Mg, CdS:CO, and CdS:Mg:CO) using the spray pyrolysis thermochemical technique. Solutions were deposited on glass bases at a fixed settling temperature of 350 °C and at a fixed spray rate of 15 sprays within 15 minutes. The thickness of the films that were prepared was 100 nm. The morphology of the prepared film surfaces was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and measurements. The results revealed that all of the prepared films were free of defects and cracks that can occur during the preparation of a film and had a high surface homogeneity. In addition, the results showed that the addition of cobalt and magnesium to the cadmium sulfide compound leads to an increase in the particle size, which indicates an improvement in the morphological properties of the prepared membrane surfaces. The basic elements included in the composition of all the prepared films were confirmed using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements for a range of energies from (0–20) Kev, and the results showed that the prepared films consist of cadmium sulfide, cobalt, and magnesium, and this result is expected to be obtained because it depends on the chemicals used in preparing the membranes. The optical properties were investigated, with the transmittance spectrum as a function of wavelength measured and the reflectivity calculated. The results showed that the addition of cobalt and magnesium to the cadmium sulfide compound leads to a decrease in the transmittance and reflectivity values. The antibacterial activity of all prepared films was tested against two types of common bacteria, S. aureus (Staphylococcus) and E. coli (Escherichia coli) (both Gram-negative), and the results revealed a strong antibacterial effect, with negative bacteria having the highest activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CdS nanoparticles were prepared successfully using chemical precipitation technique. CdCl2 and Na2S were utilized as precursors for Cd ions and sulfide ions in aqueous media, respectively. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time and PH values on the growth process of CdS particles were investigated realizing that 30 oC. 6 hours and PH of 11 are the best conditions for producing CdS nanoparticles. Structural features showed that CdS particles have a nearly spherical shape and the XDR measurement confirmed the presence of both cadmium and sulfur atoms in as-prepared particles. The bandgap energy was calculated from the Uv-Visible spectrum ∼2.66 eV, which is high compared to 2.42 eV (Eg of bulk CdS). XRD pattern showed that the zinc blend phase is dominated and the particle size was estimated at around 3.2 nm using the Scherrer formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diamond simulators with specified spectral-kinetic characteristics, modeled by luminophores based on zinc and cadmium chalcogenides, have been developed. It is shown that the luminophores FK-110, R-530, FK-1, FK-2, E-515-115, FL-530 have values of spectral and kinetic characteristics that lie in the region of positive diagnostics (detection) at the used separator settings when using dynamic mode. The use of simulators with specified spectral-kinetic characteristics provides experimental verification and selection of modes for preparing diamonds for the X-ray luminescent separation process. Studies carried out on the «Polyus-M» separator using composite and plastic simulators in dynamic mode showed that the spectral-kinetic characteristics closest to natural diamonds are zinc and cadmium sulfides activated by copper and silver ions. The use of simulators using E-515-115 and FK-110 provides a stable reproduction of the spectral and kinetic characteristics of various types of natural diamonds and allows you to select additional recovery modes in existing X-ray luminescent separation of diamond-containing material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent and highly conductive magnesium oxide doped by Cadmium sulphide has been deposited on glass substrates at 400°C by spray pyrolysis technique. UV–visible and atomic force microscopy were used to investigate the optical properties and surface morphology of Mg1-xCdSx nanostructured thin films. The transmittance, reflection, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and real & imaginary part of dielectric constant of Mg1-xCdSx thin films were also investigated in the wavelength range (300 -1100 nm).according to the (UV-Vis) measurements, the films have a high transmittance nearly 90 %, The transition type was direct and with increasing CdS doping ratio, the band gap of the Mg1-xCdSx films decreased from 3.175 eV to 2.204 eV. The particles size for pure MgO showed a decrease from 10.70 nm to 6.076 nm on doping, whereas the average of roughness and RMS decreasing with the increase in the doping ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the effect of the explosion current on the structural and optical properties of nanoparticles prepared from cadmium sulfide as a thin film by drip casting method and then annealing of the films at 473 K. X-ray diffraction revealed that the thin films have a crystalline structure. The SEM showed that when the current increased while stabilizing the wire cross section, the particles got smaller. The optical constsnts demonstrate that the relationship is positive between the light energy gap and the average size of the nanoparticles. The remaining optical properties of the thin films were also calculated, the extinction factor and the dielectric constant were calculated in its real and imaginary parts. So we say that the current has an effect on the optical and dielectric properties of the cadmium sulfide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method to Synthesis Methylammonium lead chloride MAPbCl2I Perovskite by mixing between one and two steps methods. The descriptions of perovskite samples included structural, morphological, and optical properties. The intensity and orientation in X-ray diffraction patterns appear clearly. FE-SEM images of the perovskite films appeared as a rough surface due to. Shifting was due to iodine's existence in constructing the photodetector parameters for perovskites covered by Cadmium sulfide CdS nanocrystal, prepared on the FTO glass dissolved by Isopropanol and DMF where the responsivity Rλ= 0.000117 and quantum efficiency QE=0.0316% under λ nm =450 nm and Vbias=0V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The injection photodiode based on n+CdS-nCdS-nSi and n+CdS-nCdS-pSi structures was created and the distribution of chemical elements of these structures was studied. It was shown that when a cadmium sulfide film is deposited on the silicon surface, an intermediate layer is formed between the silicon and cadmium sulfide, which helps smooth out the difference between the crystal lattice constants of silicon and cadmium sulfide. It was proved by electron Auger spectroscopy that all obtained cadmium sulfide films have n-type conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present work explains about optical and biological activity of silver doped cadmium sulfide nanoparticle. Material has prepared using wet chemical method on the basis of mole ratio of compounds. Elemental mass ratio plays crucial role in synthesis. Compare with various composition of silver doped cadmium sulfide, silver nanoparticles have shown different results in IR, SEM, TEM and XRD. EDAX image shows the crystalline arrangement of nanoparticles. Microbial activity produces good result, and the volume of inhibition zone greater while increases molar ratio of a reactant. Optical activity was determined by Tauc's equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) has been synthesized via sonochemical green synthetic protocol with Delonix elata leaves water extract act as a capping and stabilizing agents. The phase, crystalline nature, structural arrangement, optical absorbance and electrical responses of the CdS QDs were studied using XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, UV-Vis analysis. The corrosion inhibition performance of CdS QDs corrosion inhibitor was tested in the presence of electrolyte mediums namely 1M HCl, 6M KOH, and 3.5% NaCl. The Tafel polarization curve shows that the corrosion rate of the zinc (Zn) plate is reduced when the plate were coated with CdS QDs under all aqueous electrolytes, particularly at a 3.5% NaCl medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe recent efforts to improve our predictive modeling of rate-dependent behavior at, or near, a phase transition using molecular dynamics simulations. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is a well-studied material that undergoes a solid-solid phase transition from wurtzite to rock salt structures between 3 and 9 GPa. Atomistic simulations are used to investigate the dominant transition mechanisms as a function of orientation, size and rate. We found that the final rock salt orientations were determined relative to the initial wurtzite orientation, and that these orientations were different for the two orientations and two pressure regimes studied. The CdS solid-solid phase transition is studied, for both a bulk single crystal and for polymer-encapsulated spherical nanoparticles of various sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present work, we learn about the impact of molecular weights (MWs=150, 600, 4000) of capping agent (polyethylene glycols (PEGs)) on thin film of cadmium sulfide (CdS) layered by chemical bath deposition (CBD). The sample was inspected using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis absorption, photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface wettability and DC electrical conductivity studies. XRD pattern revealed that the higher order of PEG orients hexagonal phase structure. A topographical image appears surface modification was enhanced by increasing MW of capping agent. Optical studies confirm that the capping agent has significantly influenced films. Surface wettability analysis exposed that an angle of contact increased in the range of 44-149°. The DC electrical characterization illustrates PEG performs a major role in activation energy and electrical conductivity of thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photocatalytic activity of Tin Cadmium Sulfide was investigated under the visible light irradiation for the production of hydrogen by means of water splitting. Synthesis of nanocomposite was carried out hydrothermal method. The nanocomposite was characterized for investigating the physico-chemical properties. An instrumental analysis confirmed the formation of nanocomposite with the uniform size and having a relatively low band gap 2.86 eV. The morphology shows spherical shape with aggregated as a nanocluster. The nanocomposite as demonstrated the photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production around 265ml. The composite have shown great promising potential for the production of hydrogen by water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles was widely studied in the field of optical devices for their potential usage. These semi conductor nanoparticles are doped with transition metal(TM) ions have wide attention due to the outstanding luminescent properties. The pure cadmium sulphide (CdS) and the transition metal Cu2+ ion doped with the nanoparticles (CdS: Cu2+) are synthesised by the microwave enhanced solvothermal method. The cadmium acetate was used as cadmium source, thioacetamide as the sulphide source, and the ethylene glycol was used as the solvent for the synthesis of Cds: Cu2+. XRD pattern of Pure CdS shows cubic structure. The prepared nanocrystals were characterized by power XRD, SEM, EDAX, FTIR and UV-VIS of the samples were recorded and discussed briefly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report fabrication of high quality visible light photo-detector based on nano-crystalline cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin film deposited on glass substrate using spray pyrolysis technique. Structural, morphological and chemical analysis of the film confirms uniform coating of sulfur deficient nano-crystalline CdS thin film with∼30 nm crystallites. Finger electrodes were made on the film using Ag paste. Photo-detection property of nano-crystalline CdS thin films was tested under visible light illumination and the response of incident light in terms of photo-current was monitored when exposed at various light intensities ranging from 5 to 320 mW/cm2. The fabricated device showed highly sensitive and repeatable photo-detection at 10 V for low power 5 mW/cm2 light. Time response measurements at different wavelength show ultra-fast response (0.67 ms) and decay (0.86 ms) time and high photo sensitivity at low bias voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin layers are electrodeposited from an aqueous bath with cadmium sulphate (CdSO4) and sodium thiousulphate (Na2S2O3). Complexing agent NH4Cl played an important role to alter the properties of CdS layers. CdS samples were deposited using three-electrode electrodeposition technique at -1.2 V, optimized with cyclic voltammetry measurements. The structural, optical, morphological and compositional properties of as-deposited and heat-treated samples are thoroughly. The variation in the energy band gap for different concentrations of NH4Cl is proposed to be associated with particle size. It was observed that the lower concentration of NH4Cl, i.e. 9 mMis suitable to produce polycrystalline, compact and stoichiometric CdS thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present article, we report the fabrication and characterization of 2 wt% cadmium sulfide (CdS) doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) film grown on the glass substrate. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Raman Spectra fabricated undoped and CdS doped TiO2 films were characterized and its microstructural properties are reported. It is found from the analysis of XRD and AFM that CdS doping drastically reduces the crystallite size, grain size, and roughness parameter. It is observed percentage change in crystallite size and grain size with CdS contents (2 wt%) is 17.4 and 26.7. Raman spectra demonstrated that with 2 wt% CdS contents, Raman peaks are shifted to higher wavenumber and results from a redshift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticulate powders were synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal synthesis route. The structures, as well as phase of the nanoparticles, were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and compositional details of the CdS nanopowders were confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, respectively. The optical properties were investigated by UVVisible diffused reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The average crystallite size of the nanoparticles was estimated to be 9.89 nm. From optical reflectance data, an energy gap equal to 2.35 eV was found. The strong luminescence peak observed around 449 nm implies its application as blue phosphor. The electrical conductivity of the CdS nanoparticles under illumination was also probed. The conductivity observed puts forward the efficacy of CdS nanoparticles as an energy harvesting material in solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important things about clean electric power at present is the use of alternative sources that are harmful to nature. Solar cells are one of the most important sources of clean energy for electricity production, and the issue of increasing the efficiency of the requirements governing the manufacture of solar cells. The perovskite cells like methyl-ammonium lead tri iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) of the promising cells and the process of technological development to manufacture these cells are urgent priorities. Development includes window materials used Electron Transport Layer (ETL). Cadmium sulfide CdS in wurtzoid instead of wurtzite structure has been used as windows for perovskite solar cell. CdS in wurtzoid structure as a window was produced by pulse laser deposition (PLD) on a Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) substrate as a first step to perform perovskite solar cell; (FTO/Compact Wurtzoid - CdS/CH3NH3PbI3 / PEDOT: PSS / Cu), where Poly ethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) was used as the hole transport layer (HTL). Composition and crystal structure of the thin films and powder preparation samples were studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), beside calculations of lattice constants, crystallite size, dislocation density and micro strain. Light I-V Measurement Test Reports were recorded by manual photovoltaic measurements system. Optical properties such as the absorption, the energy gap and transmittance of the film coated are investigated by UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometer. Results of efficiency were shown that the new solar cell has excellent stability and good performance with efficiency reaches 19.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wurtzite CdS nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by a facile polyol method at 220 °C without extra surfactant were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential techniques. XRD data confirms hexagonal crystal structure with P63mc space group and no impurity peaks. Presence of two distinct Raman modes further confirms their stoichiometric formation. Dispersion medium-dependent stability of the NPs studied using zeta potential (ξ) data in the pH range from 3 to 10.5 reveals that these NPs are highly stable above pH 6.49 in basic medium with highest ξ of -39.32 mV at pH 10.28 in de-ionized water (DIW), but unstable in toluene and ethanol as dispersing medium. HD distribution curve shows that the particles agglomerate more rapidly in toluene and ethanol in comparison with that in DIW. This information is expected to be useful for many applications like ceramics, batteries, biological labeling, as a pigment in paints, as photocatalyst in degradation of organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important engineering material with tremendous utilities, polycarbonate (PC) and its composites are contributing a major role among highly useful materials. Preparing ultrafine fibers with defect free surface morphology is a challenge in the field of nanotechnology. In the present work ultrafine bead free PC fibers with average diameter very close to 100 nm were prepared by optimizing various spinning parameters during electrospinning fiber fabricating technology. At the same spinning conditions PC nanocomposite fibers were prepared by incorporat ing surface modified cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles with prominent optical properties. The prepared PC-CdS nanocomposite fibers have excellent absorption and emission properties and also exhibit semi-crystalline nature. By increasing the nanoparticle concentration there was remarkable improvement in the thermal stability of the PC nanocomposite fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Zinc oxide (ZnO) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanostructures and ZnO/CdS nanocomposite were prepared by a solvothermal method using acetate precursors using 1:1 volume mixture of water and ethanol as solvent. The structural characterization of the synthesized samples was carried by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and the results showed hexagonal and cubic phases for ZnO and CdS, respectively. The surface morphology and elemental compositions were analyzed using FESEM and EDX spectroscopy. The optical absorption and photoluminescence properties were characterized by UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectrometer (PL), respectively. ZnO/CdS nanocomposite shows an enhanced optical absorption with respect to the ZnO and CdS nanostructures. ZnO nanostructures show an intense band edge luminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) thin films were equipped by thermal evaporation at thickness t (500±30) nm then doped with Silver (Ag) with ratios (X=0.0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05). The Substrates were used glass and single crystal silicon substrate with the direction (111) of the (p-type) to study the (structural, optical and photoelectric) properties. The ratios of alloy studied by EDS and the thin films structure deliberate by X-ray diffraction were a polycrystalline cubic phase. Direct band gap values with rang (2.4 eV -2.25 eV) were gotten from optical absorption measurements. The photo detector is shown height responsivity and touched at (0.43 A/W) with the bias voltages of (4V) and the detectivity of the fabricated CdS: Ag/Si UV detector at a wavelength of 551 nm is found to be 2.58244x1011cm Hz 1/2 W−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we report the photocatalysis degradation of tetracycline (TC) using reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) in composite form. We have synthesized the RGO - CdS composite through one pot single step solvothermal technique. The as-prepared composite was characterized structurally, morphologically and optically by XRD, TEM, UV-VIS and PL spectroscopy. The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) was confirmed by XPS and Raman spectroscopy. The RGO-CdS nanocomposite shows a notable photocatalytic performance towards the degradation of TC in compared to CdS nanorod under solar light irradiation. In the composite, RGO plays a decisive role towards efficient photo induced charge separation from the CdS, which subsequently decreases the electron-hole recombination possibility, and improves the Photocatalytic activity of the RGO-CdS composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium sulfide zinc phosphate (CdS-Zn3(PO4)2) nanocomposite is synthesized by effective hydrothermal method. Hydrothermal technique produces highly homogeneous crystalline product and controls particle morphology at low reaction temperatures. The prepared powder samples are characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Diffusion reflectance spectrophotometer (DRS), Scanning electron microscope (SEM). From XRD technique the average crystal size of prepared CdSZn3( Po4)2 nanocomposite is in the range of 12 nm. Strain and dislocation density are calculated from XRD studies. Surface morphology of the samples are analyzed by SEM. Bandgap energies are calculated from Kubelka-Munk model by Diffusion electron spectrophotometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, the influence of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% Ag doping on the photoluminescence property of CdSe-PVA nanocomposite have been studied. Obtained results confirm that with increasing Ag concentration photoluminescence intensity decreases. Photoluminescence quenching mechanism has been explored through Stern-Volmer equation and Langmuir binding isotherm. Stern-Volmer plot exhibits linear relation only upto 0.2%Ag doped CdSe-PVA nanocomposite, afterwards it shows downward curvature. This indicates the surface covering of luminescent CdSe nanoparticles by Ag ions. The calculated value of Stern-Volmer quenching constant is 1.61×104 M−1. Langmuir binding isotherm results reveal the binding of more than one Ag ion to the surface of CdSe nanoparticles with increasing Ag concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we have studied the preparation of composites of polycarbonate composite by incorporating Cadmium Sulphide(CdS) particles with different concentration. The prepared samples were characterized by the different techniques used like X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and UV-visspectroscopy(UV-Vis). The X-Ray diffraction technique gives the information on Crystallinity of the Sample, InterplanerDistance (d) and Crystallite Size (D). When the doping concentration is increased the crystallinity of the sample is increases and Crystallite size(D) is also increases. The UV-Vis spectroscopy technique gives information of Optical Band Gap. The energy band gap of pure polycarbonate is 4.437 eVand as we increase the concentration of cadmium sulphide the energy band gap decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium zinc sulphide (Cd1-xZnxS), a typical ternary II-VI semiconductor material, has considerable interest owing to their use in the fabrication of heterojunction solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. This work presents the influence of different solvent ratios of Cd and Zn on optical, structural and morphological properties of the prepared Cd1- xZnxS thin films by a simple cost effective chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique on glass substrate. Nanocrystalline thin films of Cd1-xZnxS were prepared in an alkaline medium with the molarity of 0.25M at 343K for 90 minutes with varying Cd and Zn solvent ratios. The as deposited films were characterized by UV- Visible spectra, XRD and SEM. The direct optical band gap energies of the as deposited films for different solvent ratios were found in the range of 3.2-4.1 eV. An increase in transmittance and band gap value was found with the increasing Zn concentration into CdS thin films. The XRD studies showed the both hexagonal and cubic phase structure of Cd1-xZnxS thin films and the estimated grain size was 6.63nm. SEM micrographs reveal nearly uniform and homogeneous Cd1-xZnxS films without any pin holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium Zinc Sulphide (Cd: Zn)S thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition method for different molar concentrations of Cd under the same conditions of temperature, pH and deposition time. Structural, optical and morphological properties of the films were investigated. All the films showed nanocrystallinity with hexagonal structure and the average grain size was found to decrease with increase in Cd concentration. Tunable band gap has been observed with controllable concentration of Cd atoms in to ZnS lattice. The photoluminescence spectra showed broad and asymmetric emission due to the combination of near band edge emission and emission from intrinsic point defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The undeformed hexagonal CdS and CdSe crystals (symmetry C6v) manifest “weak” gyrotropy. A strong gyrotropic effect is measured in crystals of CdS and CdSe deformed by torsional moment directed along the optical axis. The standard system Polarizer-Crystal-Analyzer (P-C-A) is used. The system (P–C-A) with crossed P and A, and undeformed CdS or CdSe crystal does not transmit light. The torsion reduces the crystal symmetry to C6 and the crystal receives gyrotropic properties. The system (P-C-A) with deformed CdS or CdSe crystal begins to miss light. Our investigations show that for large values of the torsional moments the intensity of the light, which passed through the system (P–C-A) with deformed CdS or CdSe crystal, is 85-90% from the incident light intensity. The induced gyrotropy can be considered as giant on the basis of this experimental fact [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substitutional solid solutions in the CdS–PbS system were obtained by holding a chemically deposited cadmium sulfide thin film in a lead acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2 aqueous solution. The effect of solid-state diffusion on the morphology, composition, and optical properties of the CdS films was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently we developed a modified quantum dot dyes sensitized solar cell (QD-DSSC) having catalysis zone extension for hydrogen production. The DSSC section comprised of CdS sensitized highly order Titanium dioxidenanotube (CdS-HOTN) immobilized on Ti plate, Na2S/S containing electrolyte, and Pt covered SnO-F (fluorine doped tin oxide) glass plate (hence Pt/SnO-F/Glass). While the catalysis zone comprised of an extension of Ti support, as cathode, and the respected counter electrode was an extension of SnO-F glass, which was covered by BiVO4 film, both from respected DSSC section. In this presentation, we will focus on the role of the BiVO4 in our newly developed system. The bismuth vanadate was prepared by co-precipitation method with ammonia and calcination to obtain a fine powder. The BiVO4 fine powder were then deposited onto SnO-F glass plate and characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy, SEM and X-ray diffraction. The characterization results revealed that the BiVO4 film, typically, has a band gap of 2.35 eV, characteristic of IR peaks represent the -V-O-, and -Bi-O-V- bonds, having a crystal phase as BiVO4 monoclinic scheelite with a typically crystallite size of 74.06 nm. The photo-electro-chemical properties of the BiVO4 film photo-anode was investigated by a linear sweep voltammetry and multi pulse amperometry, which revealed that the current response under the visible light was 0.03 mA/cm². Further investigation when the BiVO4 film was incorporated into the modified QD-DSSC, the system (catalysis zone section), under solely visible light, was able to split the water into hydrogen and molecular oxygen. A brief discussion of the newly developed modified QD-DSSC, especially on the role of BiVO4 counter electrode in the catalysis zone will be presented, to gain a better insight in our new type artificial photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional nanoparticles with fluorescent CdS quantum dots shell and magnetic NiZnFe2O4core has been synthesized by combination of wet chemical method and sol-gel technique respectively. The prepared core, shell and (core)shell structures have been characterized for structural and photoluminescence properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the synthesis of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles (CdS NPs), reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and reduced graphene oxide/cadmium sulphide nanocomposite (RGO/CdS) samples using a pulsed laser ablation in liquid technique. Photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of the synthesized materials were examined through degradation of Methyl Blue (MB) dye. RGOxCdS nanocomposites of various RGO weight ratios (x=1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11) were prepared to investigate how the weight loading of RGO in CdS affects its photocatalytic efficiency. The best photocatalytic efficiency of 77 % was obtained with a weight loading of 5% RGO in the RGO/CdS nanocomposite, which is 2.65 times superior to pure CdS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CdS is one of the most important compounds in the II-VI group of semiconductor. There are numerous applications of CdS in the form of nanoparticles and nanocrystalline. Semiconductors nanoparticles (also known as quantum dots), belong to state of matter in the transition region between molecules and solids, have attracted a great deal of attention because of their unique electrical and optical properties, compared to bulk materials. In the field of optoelectronic, nanocrystalline form utilizes mostly in the field of catalysis and fluid technology. Considering these observations, presented work had been carried out, i.e. based on the nanocrystalline material preparation. In the present work CdS nano-crystalline powder was synthesized by a simple and cost effective chemical technique to grow cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles at 200 °C with different concentrations of cadmium. The synthesis parameters were optimized. The synthesized powder was structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction and particle size analyzer. In the XRD analysis, Micro-structural parameters such as lattice strain, dislocation density and crystallite size were analysed. The broadened diffraction peaks indicated nanocrystalline particles of the film material. In addition to that the size of the prepared particles was analyzed by particle size analyzer. The results show the average size of CdS particles ranging from 80 to 100 nm. The overall conclusion of the work can be very useful in the synthesis of nanocrystalline CdS powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives an insight on the synthesis and crystalline properties of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) (host matrix) composites impregnated with Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) using Dimethyl formamide (DMF) as the base, prepared by the well known solvent casting technique. The effect of doping concentration of CdS in to the PVDF matrix was studied using X-ray diffraction technique. The structural properties like crystallinity Cr, interplanar distance d, average size of the crystalline region (D), and average inter crystalline separation (R) have been estimated for the developed composite. The crystallinity index, crystallite size and inter crystalline separation is increasing with increase in the concentration of CdS in to the PVDF matrix while the interplanar distance d is decreasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductor nanoparticles have received considerable interest due to their size-dependent optical properties. CdS is an important semiconductor material widely used in low cost photovoltaic devices, light-emitting diodes and biological imaging. The nanoparticles of CdS were prepared by a simple chemical precipitation method in aqueous medium. The reaction was carried out at room temperature. The cadmium sulphide nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The lattice strain, crystallite size and dislocation density were calculated using the Williamson-Hall (W-H) method. The band gap was obtained from the UV-Visible spectra of CdS nanoparticles. The band gap of CdS nanoparticles is around 2.68 eV and the crystallite size is around 5.8 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass by hydrothermal method were modified with cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) as an electron transport layer (ETL) in order to enhance the photovoltaic performance of inverted organic solar cell (IOSC). In present study, CdS QDs were deposited on ZNRs using a Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction method (SILAR) method. In typical procedures, IOSCs were fabricated by spin-coating the P3HT:PC61BM photoactive layer onto the as-prepared ZNRs/CdS QDs. The results of current-voltage (I-V) measurement under illumination shows that the FTO/ZNRs/CdS QDs/P3HT:PC61BM/PEDOT: PSS/Ag IOSC achieved a higher power conversion efficiency (4.06 %) in comparison to FTO/ZNRs/P3HT:PC61BM/PEDOT: PSS/Ag (3.6 %). Our findings suggest that the improved open circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current density (Jsc) of ZNRs/CdS QDs devices could be attributed to enhanced electron selectivity and reduced interfacial charge carrier recombination between ZNRs and P3HT:PC61BM after the deposition of CdS QDs. The CdS QDs sensitized ZNRs reported herein exhibit great potential for advanced optoelectronic application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CdS and ZnS nanoparticles are luminescent semiconductors with great properties to be used in biosensors. Both semiconducting nanoparticles were synthesized in distilled water by using the simple colloidal method. Thioglycolic acid (TGA) was used as a stabilizer and Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used as a surface modifier. The chemical composition and optical properties of the CdS and ZnS nanoparticles were investigated using Ultra Violet (UV) lamp, UV Spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL) Spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthesis of Cadmium Sulphide (CdS-S) nanoparticles is of considerable interest due to its biocompatible and nontoxicity. Here, we present a biomolecule stimulated chemical method was adopted for the successful synthesis of CdS-S nanoparticles using starch as a capping agent. The CdS-S nanoparticles were characterized by various analytical techniques. The CdS-S nanoparicles exhibit photocatalytic activity against methyl orange (MO) at pH 9 in Visible light and the reaction follows pseudo first-order kinetics. The comparative photocatalytic activity revealed that CdS-S nanoparticles remarkably enhanced activities as compared to the commercial TiO2 nanoparticles. The outcome of these studies offers valuable for planning CdS-S nanoparticles having photocatalytic activities helpful for the formulation of waste water remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films have been deposited on conducting glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. The effect of precursor concentration on the structural, morphological, compositional, and optical properties of the CdS films has been studied. Crystal structure of these CdS films is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and it reveals polycrystalline structure with mixture of cubic and wurtzite phases with grain size decreasing as precursor concentration is increased. Optical studies reveal that the CdS thin films have high transmittance in visible spectral region reaching 90% and the films possess direct optical band gap that decreases from 2.46 to 2.39 eV with decreasing bath concentration. Our study suggests that growth is nucleation controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) thin films have been grown via simple and low cost dip coating technique. The prepared films are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopic (AFM) and UV-VIS spectrophotometer techniques to reveal their structural, morphological and optical properties. XRD shows that both samples grown have zinc blende structure. The grain size is calculated as 6.2 and 8 nm using Scherrer's formula. The band gap value of CdS and CdZnS film is estimated to be 2.58 and 2.69 eV respectively by UV-vis spectroscopy. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) investigations are carried out using cell configuration as n- CdZnS/(1M NaOH + 1M Na2S + 1M S)/C. The photovoltaic output characteristic is used to calculate fill-factor (FF) and solar conversion efficiency (ɳ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CdS quantum dots (QDs) were deposited on ZnO layer by chemical bath deposition method to absorb light in the shorter wavelength region and used as photoanode in the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSCs) with natural dye extracted from Noni leaves. Microstructures of CdS-ZnO from various dipping time were characterized by XRD, FESEM and EDX. The results showed that the CdS is hexagonal structure and the amount of CdS increases when the dipping time increases. The maximal conversion efficiency of 0.292% was achieved by the DSSCs based on CdS QDssensitized ZnO film obtained from 9 min-dipping time. Furthermore, the stability of DSSCs was improved by using polymeric electrolyte. Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) and Polyacrylamide (PAM) were introduced to CdS QDs-sensitized ZnO film from 9 min-dipping time. Each polymeric electrolyte was prepared by swelling from 0.1-2.0%w in H2O. The maximal conversion efficiency of 0.207% was achieved for DSSCs based on CdS QDs-sensitized ZnO film with PAM 1.0% and the conversion efficiency was decreased 25% when it was left for1 hr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the photocatalytic activity of reduced graphene oxide cadmium sulfide (RGO-CdS) composite towards the degradation of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) under simulated solar light illumination. The solution processable RGO-CdS composite was synthesized by one pot single step low cost solvothermal process, where the reduction of graphene oxide (GO), synthesis and attachment of CdS onto RGO sheets were done simultaneously. The structural and morphological characterization of the RGO-CdS composite and the reduction of GO was confirmed by X-ray diffractometry, TEM imaging and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy respectively. The photocatalytic efficiency of RGO-CdS composite is 2.6 times higher in compare to controlled CdS. In RGO-CdS composite the photo induced electrons transfer from CdS nanorod to RGO sheets, which reduces the recombination probability of photo generated electron-hole in the CdS. These well separated photoinduced charges enhanced the photocatalytic activity of the RGO-CdS composite. Our study establishes the RGO-CdS composite as a potential photocatalyst for the degradation of organic water pollutant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, CdS thin films deposited by thermal evaporation on the ITO coated glass substrate have been annealed at 450°C for constant times of 30 minutes at varied excitation powers in order to study the effects on the optical characteristics of CdS thin films. Raman and Photoluminescence measurements were made at room temperatures for the annealed samples and a comparison was carried out with as grown sample at different laser powers. Results indicate an improved crystalline quality for the annealed films as compared to the as grown samples. Further a shift in the band gap was observed for annealed films with decreased excitation powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin Doped Cadmium sulphide CdS:Sn thin films were prepared by growth solution technique on commercial glass. The films were annealed in air, at 300δC, for 45 minutes. The effects of Sn doping on the structural and optical properties of CdS thin films were investigated. The resistivity decreased to order of 102Ω-cm in Sn doped film. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the doped films have a preferred orientation along (111) plane. It was found to have a better transmission of light in doped films than undoped one. Consequently, the results indicate that Sn doped CdS is a suitable material in window layer of CdTe and CIGS solar cell application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, CdS and In doped CdS films were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique and were annealed at 450 °C in an air atmoshpere. The optical constants (n and k) and thicknesses of the films were determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Transmission and absorbance spectra were taken by UV spectrophotometer. Optical method was used to determine the band gap value of the films. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images were taken to see the effect of annealing time on surface topography and roughness of the films. Electrical resistivities of the films were analyzed by four probe technique. As a result, the application potential of annealed CdS:In films for photovoltaic solar cells and optoelectronic applications were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films of different thicknesses were deposited on corning glass by closed space sublimation (CSS) technique in a vacuum. Structural, electrical, optical, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) with Raman spectrometric properties were investigated. X-rays diffraction used to identify the preferred orientation of CdS thin films as well as crystalline size, dislocation density and strain vs thickness was estimated. The electrical properties like resistivity, mobility vs thickness was calculated at room temperature. Optical properties were investigated from UV-VIS-NIR ranges which were used to calculate band gap, thickness of the films, also samples were placed at different angles in spectrophotometer to investigate the effect of angles variation on %T and band gap. Raman spectroscopy for identification of vibration modes in thin films by varying thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]