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Healthcare is the crucial area of research in today's era. Rapid change in technology and its advancement is one of the reasons for such increase in research. The substantial amount of data that is generated becomes difficult for humans to analyse on their own and therefore needs technology to assist them. Data mining is one such field of significant importance that is used for prognosis and better understanding of disease and related information. Machine learning algorithms has the potential for detecting various health hazards and provide information on minor ailments as well. This reveals how algorithms can be used in analysing the input parameters i.e the symptoms to get the predicted disease. Such detection can be considered as assistance to patients as well as doctors. It is implemented using the Flask which is framework of Python and an interface for presenting the results. The proposed system utilizes artificial intelligence to predict the top three possible diseases based on a set of given symptoms, along with the probability of acquiring each disease. The system is designed to predict Fungal-infections, Bacterial, Air-borne, Water-borne, and Hormonal Diseases. The system uses a dataset of 132 symptoms as input for the supervised learning model for disease prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Route optimization for solid waste collection is an important way to minimize the operating costs of municipalities. Khulna ranks third among Bangladesh's metropolitan cities. This city produces 1000 tons of waste every day, and 80% of the waste is collected. Khulna's existing system for collecting and transporting solid waste lacks route planning and relies only on the truck drivers' experience. Hence, this study aimed to optimize the existing travel routes and compare their feasibility with the existing ones. Secondary datasets like a list of vehicles, financial information, and a list of secondary disposal points (SDPs) have been collected from Khulna City Corporation (KCC). A field survey was conducted to verify the locations of SDPs. Multiple GPS devices have been installed for monitoring the routes, stops, and travel time of 25 waste collector trucks of Khulna City Corporation (KCC). Network analysis in ArcGIS Pro has been used for route optimization and reduced fuel consumption. This operation of ArcGIS Pro uses Dijkstra's algorithm, which is an algorithm for finding the shortest paths between nodes. The result reveals that the route and fuel were optimized at 11.11% and 0.71%, respectively. By implementing the findings of this study, KCC will be benefited financially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic congestion is one of the most severe problems in the modern transportation system. To solve this problem effectively intelligent urban transportation system was introduced. It is essential to ensure the secure exchange of information in transport systems, such as safe data transmission between cars, infrastructure, and service providers. Many methods have been implemented to address the urban transportation system's security issues. Blockchain can improve the security and privacy of Smart Transport Systems and prevent data from being altered for the wrong reasons by offering a secure and decentralized platform for data interchange and storage. Despite these advantages and enormous potential, blockchain technology presents challenges and drawbacks, such as scalability and high processing power needs. This paper presents a comparative analysis of urban transportation systems concerning different parameters. The comparative study shows that all the techniques lag in at least one parameter, reflecting the future work scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical properties calculations give an insight into the material's strength, stress, strain, flexibility, elastic nature etc. Hexagonal Gallium nitride is a wide-band-gap semiconductor material known for its applications in various electronic, optical, and spintronic devices. This current research work investigates the mechanical properties of hexagonal GaN and armchair GaN (8,8) single-walled nanotube (SWNT) using the universal force field by density functional theory approach. The universal force field-UFF is utilized for computational parameters of the interatomic molecular force field and is applied to all elements of the periodic tables. Using the Density functional theory, here various elastic parameters of hexagonal GaN and armchair GaN SWNT like Young's modulus-Y, bulk modulus-B, compressibility-K, Poisson's ratio-σ, shear modulus-G computed and analyzed for further applications. Important structural and elastic behavior of the material with 3D visualization of the Y, σ, linear compressibility and G are processed by the elastic stiffness constants Cij 6×6 matrix in an elastic tensor analysis (ELATE) software. Also, the hardness, brittle or ductile, malleable, isotropic or anisotropic characters etc., of hexagonal GaN and armchair GaN (8,8) SWNT are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of energy transfer between the donor (D) and acceptor (A) is a function of the Förster distance (R₀) in addition to other parameters, which can be determined experimentally at the cost of time and money. Can we have an intelligent approach that can estimate R₀ with a high degree of accuracy while costing minimal time and money without using a laboratory or experimental facility? For this purpose, we considered two well-established dyes, Rhodamine-6G (Rh-6G) and Rhodamine-B (Rh-B), as acceptors with other dyes as donors, and their related host (D/A)-guest (solvent/any solid) properties from the literature for predicting R₀ using the Machine Learning Regression (MLR) technique. For estimating R₀, we employed seven models, such as Linear Regression (LR), Decision tree regression (DTR), Random Forest Regression (RFR), AdaBoost regression (ABR), Extra Tree Regression (ETR), Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR), and XGBoost regression (XGBR). Out of seven, DTR outperformed other models in all four evaluation parameters: Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and the coefficient of determination (R²) values of 11.34, 130.52, 11.42, and 0.92, respectively. This 92% accuracy achieved with a small data set is the strength of the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel Carbon nanocorals (CNCs) are synthesized on copper strips by thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition technique with acetylene as precursor and argon as carrier gas. Microstructural analysis is performed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and RAMAN spectroscopy is used to analyze the graphitic carbon content. CNCs exhibit an average size of 2 µm on surface, possibly arising from the stacking and rolling of graphene sheets, resembling naturally occurring coral reefs, where star and grooved brain coral like structures are exclusively seen. The characteristic G and D peaks in Raman spectrum confirms the presence of sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbon respectively. CNCs, synthesized in a rapid thermal process furnace highlighting the absence of use of hydrogen gas, augment the characteristic structural properties of carbon based nanomaterials for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, inorganic quantum dots (QDs) have shown promising potentials in various optoelectronic applications, such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and photodetectors. Among them, CdS and CdSe QDs showed excellent efficiency and stability in optoelectronic applications. Hot injection synthesized QDs are highly stable in ambient conditions as they are capped with stable organic ligands. In this work, we synthesized CdS and CdSe QDs using the hot injection method and characterized them with X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis, and Fluorescence spectroscopy. We also performed a theoretical investigation of the bulk CdS and CdSe band structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) has been rising since 2009 when ImageNet was introduced. With this rise in ML, a stronger relationship has been established between the two branches, i.e., Computer Programming and Artificial Intelligence. But this has increased certain concerns with the application of ML or DL. In this paper, a comprehensive system overview of ML applications in software engineering has been elaborated by considering latest 12 years. Here, 1444 articles have been shortlisted related to the applications in ML or DL in the field of Software Engineering. The main purpose of this paper is to enrich the generalization and the application of ML or DL algorithms with related to Software Engineering. In our analysis, different impacts of ML or DL algorithms have been analyzed in the field of Software Engineering. Also, different solutions are proposed for handling intricated problems in the SE domain. Moreover, the paper has explained the deeper insights into the agglomeration of three domains which are Computer Programming, AI, and exploration which can lead to future prospective research problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double perovskite La2NiMnO6 (LNMO) and holmium (Ho) doped LNMO were synthesized via solid state route. The existence of a monoclinic crystal structure belonging to the P21/n space group was confirmed by the attained PXRD patterns. It is found via temperature-dependent and frequency-dependent dielectric studies that, the introduction of holmium as a dopant brought about a decline in both the dielectric constant and dielectric loss compared to pure LNMO. This phenomenon was ascribed to variations in the Ni and Mn ions' charge states resulting from the inclusion of holmium into the lattice. Impedance analysis showed a drop in conductivity upon Ho incorporation, indicating the influence of holmium on electrical conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment involved a novel sol-gel process to demonstrate the formation of Al doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) thin films and investigated the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of AZO thin films using the z-scan technique. For doped thin films, the hexagonal wurtzite structures are confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation. The crystallite size ranges from 15 to 30 nm. The images were captured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data reveals that the films possess predominantly uniform structures, comprising numerous clusters resembling flowers with nano-sized petals. The current research results have shown that adding Al to ZnO significantly alters the third-order nonlinear susceptibility. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the third harmonic generation is also affected by treatment with 370 fs laser pulses at 1030 nm. High second order nonlinear refractive index (n2) with switching in nonlinear refractive index is observed for different doping concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report nanosecond laser texturing of crystalline silicon with subsequent superhydrophilic and heat resistive properties. The samples are laser processed in ambient conditions in normal atmospheric pressure. Micro structures with micro/nano channels are evolved after processing which contributes to the wettability change of the silicon surface. The samples are characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDX and Raman spectroscopy. The contact angles are measured using an indigenously built contact angle goniometer. The samples show superhydrophilic nature after laser processing. Interestingly, the samples retain their inherent properties and super-wettability even after annealing at 200 °C for 8 hours. Such architectures could find applications in devices working in high temperature environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal composite semiconductor nanomaterials have gained significant attention in gas sensing applications owing to their distinct crystal structure, tunable optical and electronic properties, stability, and surface reactivity. Acetone gas sensing with high sensitivity, low limit of detection, and operating at ambient temperature, pressure, and real time detection has become increasingly appealing because of its wide range of applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, healthcare diagnostics, and industrial process control. This research herein proposes a fiber optic sensor for detecting acetone gas based on semiconductor composite nanomaterial coatings. The composite compounds can influence sensing properties. We used a simple chemical approach to prepare Co3O4@rGO nanocomposites (NCs). The prepared nanocomposite was characterized for structural and optical properties using techniques such as XRD and UV-Vis spectroscopy and used as a coating material on a small portion of unclad glass fiber to design a nanocomposite coated optical fiber sensor (NCOFS). It is found that the addition of rGO to Co3O4 improves the limit of detection (LOD) by 0.15 ppm. Further, the sensitivity of detection and response time of the sensor are found to be 0.002 µA/ppb and 60 seconds, respectively. The specificity of the sensor is also investigated for interfering volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as ethanol, methanol and isopropanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, increasing research interest has focused on the aromatic polymers such as polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene etc. due to their conductive nature and good environmental stability which offer wide potential applications including electrocatalyst, energy storage, electrochromic display, antistatic and anticorrosive materials, sensors. In this regard, one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure morphologies like nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanoneedles and nanobelts are found to be highly desirable owing to their tunable morphology, higher surface area, fast chemical kinetics and rapid doping-dedoping capability. In comparison to monoamine polymers, aromatic diamine polymers offer unique multifunctionality because of one free amino group per repetitive unit on the polymers. In this work, we synthesized 1D polymer nanostructure from poly (para-phenylenediamine), which is an aromatic diamine polymer. Potassium persulfate (K2S2O8, KPS) was used as oxidant and methyl orange as structure-directing template. These 1D fiber-like polymer nanostructures exhibit rectangular opening and partial crystallinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor power quality is a major concern in power system, which can lead to equipment damage, power interruptions, and safety hazards. In modern days, due to non-linear loads like UPS, inverters, converters, etc., the supply current takes on a non-sinusoidal shape. Multilevel inverters are widely used in power systems to improve power quality in higher voltage levels with fewer switches and by reducing harmonic distortion which improves the overall efficiency of the system. Several optimization techniques can be used to design and control multilevel inverters for improved power quality performance. The important object of this review paper is to identify various optimization techniques while taking various power quality-related challenges into account. Thus, the current study analyses different power quality issues and their improvement with multilevel inverters. The paper also discusses overviews of various technical and common issues presented in the literature, all carried out in a comprehensive manner. Finally, this paper offers a scenario of the current state of power quality improvement along with different optimization techniques which discovers research gaps along with suggestions for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On-going electric vehicle adoption in India is based on the reduction in carbon emissions, improvement in the air quality in urban areas and reduction in oil imports. The government of India is working towards shifting to electric vehicles by the year 2030. Nowadays fast charging of Electric vehicles (EVs) also grabbed attention it allows drivers who can't charge at work or at home to own an EV, and it allows extending the EV range for EV drivers on the go and thus it could save a lot of time. This paper presents different charging converter topologies for electric vehicles. schematic and Simulink models, with the simulation results of different converter topologies, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilevel inverters have gained popularity over conventional two-level inverters in various power applications due to their ability to generate high-quality output with low total harmonic distortion and high efficiency. The widespread use of heavy electrical machinery and equipment in industries has increased the demand for nonlinear loads, leading to the presence of harmonics and a decline in power quality. To improve power quality, it is essential to eliminate these undesirable harmonics from the system. In this study, the pulse width modulation (PWM) technique was employed to eliminate unwanted harmonics from the inverter's output. Using MATLAB/Simulink, 15-level inverters were designed with two different switching techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wire arc additive manufacturing is a DED method used to fabricate 3D components by depositing material layer-upon- layer. It is an emerging cost-effective 3D printing technology that supports green manufacturing with higher material usage efficiency. The major challenge involves thermal management while depositing material, a decisive factor for grain morphology and mechanical performance. The study provides a comprehensive experimental investigation to fabricate a cylindrical thin-wall steel structure using the GMAW-based WAAM process. The average hardness of 196.48HV and 198.15HV along the building and deposition direction was detected. The hardness profile gradually decreases along the building direction. The average frictional coefficient of 0.34, 0.32, and 0.30 were found along the top, middle, and bottom regions of the built structure. The overall investigation discovered a better mechanical and tribological performance for the WAAM-built structure compared to the wrought counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of medical image classification has seen tremendous growth, attracting specialists from many fields such as computer sciences, applied mathematics, engineering, statistics, physics, biology, and medicine. In clinical practice, computer-aided diagnostic processing is already extensively used. The usage of many imaging modalities and the quickening pace of technological innovation led to further challenges. Processing and evaluating a large number of images to provide high-quality data for illness diagnosis and therapy is one such challenge. The purpose of this course is to spark students' interest in further research and study in the subject of medical image classification while introducing them to the basic concepts and techniques of the discipline. Numerous treatments and the rapid growth of medical science have benefited mankind as well as society as a whole. Recent advancements in imaging technology have made it possible for computer vision researchers to address the open research subject of automatically identifying medical pictures. Several prediction models from deep learning and machine learning are utilized to categorize diagnostic pictures from datasets. Predictive model analysis may be assessed using performance indicators such as accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-Score. Nonetheless, it is often more beneficial to examine how various learning model function. Research found that categorization accuracy increases by up to 96%. Based on the evaluation, we can use the deep learning concept and the feature transform technique to enhance the accuracy of medical picture classification and enable correct diagnosis. The development of computer and image technology has significantly impacted the medical imaging sector. Medical image classification has gained popularity since diagnostic accuracy is influenced by medical imaging quality. A simple method for storing such detailed images is required for clinical applications that want to preserve and retrieve images for later use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the world of computers and data, keeping information safe is incredibly important. Imagine having a strong lock on a treasure chest! Just like that, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) act as guards to protect data and computer systems. They use a special tool called data mining to find any signs of trouble in big networks of data. It's like having a detective who can spot both normal and strange behaviors. Sometimes, bad guys try to break into computer networks, which is not good. This is where a powerful intrusion detection system comes in. In this study, we talk about a smart IDS that uses a clever method called the genetic K-Media Algorithm (IGKM) to figure out what kind of problem is happening. We also look at different tools like support vector machines, genetic algorithms, neural networks, and more, which all help make intrusion detection even stronger in data mining We also focused on Anamoly IDS algorithms, and signature based IDS algorithms used in Data mining methods. Each algorithms has its strengths and weaknesses, and this paper comprehensive study of different IDS algorithms with there advantages and limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the notion of dislocated quasi modular metric spaces and non-Archimedean dislocated quasi modular metric spaces is presented, along with some of its properties and examples. Some common fixed point theorems are developed using C-class and A-class functions, and some examples are provided to confirm the results. The stability of the Jungck type iteration process on dislocated quasi modular metric spaces is further investigated. Moreover, an application to an integral equation is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we will investigate at isotropic and flat FRW universe which contains pressure less cold dark matter (CDM) with Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE). For getting the exact solutions to the Einstein field equation, we use the hybrid expansion law (HEL), which is a result of merging the power and exponential laws. The physical as well as geometrical properties including jerk, snap and lerk parameters are discussed here. We find that the parameters obtained are physical and hence, conclude that our characterized model can satisfactorily enlighten the universe's cosmic expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compact unmanned aerial vehicle system is a vehicle that will fly in the air. The performance of the vehicle is controlled by the control unit. All the components are placed in the minimum system. The aim of the present study is to design and fabricate the components of the unmanned aerial vehicle system. The unmanned system contains a flight controller, electronic speed controller, motor, transmitter, receiver, folding propeller, power supply unit, and also a camera for visual mapping. A PPK module is also added to this vehicle as a payload. The designed values for the flight controller, electronic speed controller, motor, transmitter-receiver, and propeller are 1km range and 200m altitude, 22.5amp capacity ESC, 360 kV motor, transmitter range is 1km, 381mm diameter of propellers, and thrust to weight ratio 3.1, respectively. Finally, the four propellers are fixed in four different directions to the arms of the frame. The propeller has been made from carbon fibre. In addition to this, the stress analysis and deformation test at maximum thrust have been studied. The maximum stress and deformation for this analysis are 19.2 x 106 N/m2, and the deformation is 11.2mm. The performance of the compact unmanned aerial vehicle has been studied in the field to obtain surveying data with the help of a camera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drones have gained significant popularity in various industries, and developing a tailored drone solution to meet specific requirements is becoming increasingly essential. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the design and fabrication process of a customized drone, focusing on the integration of multidisciplinary knowledge and techniques. The paper begins by discussing the key considerations in drone design, including payload capacity, flight endurance, maneuverability, and stability. It examines the integration of electrical and electronic systems, including flight controllers, motors, and communication modules, with mechanical structures to ensure seamless functionality. Additionally, considerations for aerodynamics, structural integrity, and power distribution are addressed to optimize the drone's performance [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India plays a key role in the global arena of climate change due to its fast-growing urban footprint and climate responsive strategies. Such strategies work best if the top-down approach complements the bottom-up one along with indigenous local knowledge (ILK). Smart Cities Mission and Climate-smart Cities Assessment Framework (CSCAF) fall in the first group. Later the bottom-up approach of Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) was launched with Vedic origin and ILK enrichment. It pledges long-term behavioral changes of individuals but requires infrastructure support from the local authorities. Taking the one of the common themes of energy efficiency, this paper explores the commentary role of CSCAF and LiFE with a case study of Rajarhat Newtown to find that the result can go beyond the energy efficiency to quality of life. The elicited knowledge is helpful for the decision makers to focus their efforts further and can also be helpful for other smart cities or planned townships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the gasification of blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) biomass is carried out in a 10 kW downdraft gasifier system (power plant) to generate electric power. Further, the potential capability of different biomass for energy production and the trend of electricity demand in India are highlighted in order to frame the significance of biomass resources to fulfill the energy demand, especially in developing countries. The main portion of the work includes an economic analysis of biomass gasification-based power generation plants for various capacities (10 kW, 500 kW, and 1000 kW) under the present scenario of India. It has been revealed that the capital cost per kW diminishes as we increase the capacity of the plant. The electricity production costs of 10 kW, 500 kW, and 1000 kW are estimated as Rs.9.57/kWh (0.120 USD/kWh), Rs.4.65/kWh (0.058 USD/kWh) and Rs.4.34/kWh (0.055 USD/kWh), respectively. Although the electricity production cost for small capacity power plants is high with respect to the current grid supply, it is economically sustainable compared to the diesel power plant that has an electricity production cost of Rs.14.44/kWh (0.181 USD/kWh). The minimum payback period is found as 3.12 years for 1000 kW capacity power. The outcomes of this research will be helpful in conveying the viability, selection, and installation of a biomass-based power plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the current topic is to examine how semi-ellipse irregularity affects torsional surface waves in an initially stressed anisotropic porous medium that is positioned between two anisotropic heterogeneous semi-infinite media. The upper and lower semi-infinite spaces are considered to exhibit exponential and hyperbolic variation in the directional rigidities, density, and initial stress, respectively and the irregularity appears as a semi-ellipse at the interface where the layer and the lower semi-infinite medium are separated. A closed form for the torsional wave dispersion equation has been developed. In the event of no irregularity, the velocity equation is also obtained. As the study shows, the torsional wave propagation is significantly impacted by irregularity, initial stress, porosity, heterogeneity and anisotropy factor. It has also been noted that the velocity equation simplifies to the Love wave's standard equation for a uniform media. Researchers and scientists studying seismology, geophysicists and structural and earthquake engineers are all very interested in the findings of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents a highly efficient bidirectional full bridge GaN based DC-DC buck converter. The devices are used for their several advantages, such as size, weight, and efficiency over silicon device. The power devices allow to upsurges the switching frequency and also helps in attaining high efficiency. This enhanced speed of GaN device switching is employed to accomplish very improved conversion efficiency. In this article design considerations of different types of losses, converter design and applications of this converters is also highlighted. The efficiency measurements of power converter are tested at different frequency and 98% efficiency has been obtained. The converter has been simulated in MATLAB and the results are validated using "OPAL-RT." Capitalizing on the potential of GaN technology, this DC-DC converter offers a significant step forward in achieving more sustainable and energy-efficient power conversion solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monolayer Cr film deposited in-situ on Ag(001) demonstrates two-dimensional, long range, commensurate antiferromagneticphase. The magnetic ordering was traced out by c(2x2) 'fractional-order' spots in low energy electron diffraction pattern. Photoemission studies reveal the morphology as well as electronic structure of this transition metal film. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy results distinguish between various growth modes of Cr monolayer at different temperatures. Angle resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy probes the valence electronic structures along with their dispersion towards various symmetry directions which is compatible to the c(2x2) magnetic superstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work Bi (∼50nm)/Se (∼50nm) thin films were deposited successively on the Silicon substrate by e-beam evaporation method under 2×10−5 mbar pressure at room temperature. The Bi/Se bilayers were irradiated with ion beams of 100 MeV Ag+7 and fluence 1.5×1013 ions/cm2. The ion beam processing is one of the unique ways of fabrication of thin films and has been used recently for thermoelectric thin films. These ion beam synthesized thermoelectric films were shown to be nanostructured having higher Seebeck coefficient. Binary Bi2Se3 thin film belongs to group V-VI find applications in photosensitivity, photoconductivity and thermoelectric power. It is a narrow band gap semiconductor. Due to its appealing thermoelectric and Hall effect applications, it has attracted a lot of attention. The samples were then characterised by XRD, SEM and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). Electrical measurements like Hall effect, Seebeck coefficient and resistivity were also carried out and pristine structural and electrical results were compared with irradiated sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study involved the sequential deposition of Bi (∼50nm)/Se (∼50nm) thin films onto a Silicon substrate using the e-beam evaporation method. The process was carried out at room temperature and under a pressure of 2×10−5 mbar. The Bi/Se bilayers were irradiated with ion beams of 350 KeV Kr+1. Ion beam processing is one of the distinctive approaches to create thin films and it has recently been employed to create thermoelectric thin films. It was demonstrated that these thermoelectric films made with an ion beam were nanostructured and had a higher Seebeck coefficient. Applications for binary Bi2Se3 thin films, which are part of group V-VI, include photoconductivity, photosensitivity, and thermoelectric power. It is a semiconductor with a small band gap. It has drawn a lot of interest because of its alluring thermoelectric and Hall effect uses. The samples were then characterised by XRD, SEM and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). Since the irradiated sample offered very high resistance its electrical measurements were not carried out. Electrical measurements like Hall effect, Seebeck coefficient and resistivity were carried out for pristine sample and pristine structural results were compared with irradiated sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles have now hit the road worldwide and are slowly growing in numbers. The system makes use of a solar panel, battery, transformer, regulator circuitry, copper coils, AC to DC converter, Atmega controller and LCD display to develop the system. The system demonstrates how electric vehicles can be charged while moving on road, eliminating the need to stop for charging. The solar panel is used to power the battery through a charge controller. The battery is charged and stores dc power. The DC power now needs to be converted to AC for transmission. The power is converted to AC and its regulated using regulator circuitry. This power is now used to power the copper coils that are used for wireless energy transmission. A copper coil is also mounted underneath the electric vehicle. When the vehicle is driven over the coils energy is transmitted from the transmitter coil to EV coil. Please note the energy is still DC current that is induced into this coil. Now we convert this to DC again so that it can be used to charge the EV battery. We use AC to DC conversion circuitry to convert it back to DC current. Now we also measure the input voltage using an Atmega microcontroller and display this on an LCD display. Thus the system demonstrates a solar powered wireless charging system for electric vehicle that can be integrated in the road. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ti-6Al-4V is frequently employed metallic alloy in manufacturing many different industrial components due to its outstanding mechanical as well as physical properties. These characteristics cause to generate greater forces and temperature in machining activities, causing the machinability of this alloy to decline and it to find a position in hard to cut metals. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have recently been employed to create Ti pieces with intricate shapes. Despite their near-net shape, these AMed parts entail finish machining because to deprived surface quality. This paper includes a brief comparison of machinability capability of wrought and additively manufactured (AMed) Ti-6Al-4V alloy for turning, milling and drilling process. Additionally, tool wear and surface finish obtained in turning Ti-6Al-4V alloy was discussed. Based on this brief assessment, it is possible to infer that the available machining research on AMed Ti-6Al-4V alloy was extremely limited. The majority of work was reported on the use of dry, wet/flood, and cryogenic cooling in the machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. There is a lot of scope for research into the machinability of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under MQL, nanofluid MQL, solid lubricant, and hybrid cooling conditions. Future studies may also include an examination of machinability characteristics such as cutting power, cutting temperature, and residual stress while machining Ti-alloys. In addition, future studies could look into the sustainability analysis in machining AMed Ti-alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]