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Rice husk waste from Purwakarta, West Java, Indonesia, has been utilized to prepare silica (SiO2). Acid pretreatment using two different acids, i.e., hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4), was used to leach the rice husk. Their effects in the resulting silica were compared. The rice husk was first ground and sieved before being pretreated with two different acids. Temperature of 700°C was selected to pyrolyze the pretreated and non-pretreated rice husk. The resulting silica powder was characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for the functional groups and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to analyze surface morphology and composition. Results showed that acid pretreatment reduced trace elements in rice husk, increasing the purity of the silica obtained, with silica yield for the non-pretreated, HCl pretreated, and H2SO4 pretreated rice husk were 22.02, 20.66, and 21.67%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new WiFi standard called WiFi 6E ranges from 5925 MHz to 7125 MHz. A conventional microstrip antenna cannot be used at this frequency due to its narrowband characteristics. This study proposes implementing a rectangular slot in the ground plane combined with an edge feed as a feeding line to get a wider bandwidth. The slot is applied by etching some copper parts of the ground plane into a shape of rectangular. The designed antenna used an FR4 epoxy substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The antenna has a dimension of 19 × 24 × 1.67 mm, while the slot in the ground plane has a dimension of 15 mm × 9 mm. The simulation results show the antenna has a minimum return loss of -21.78 dB in the frequency range 5658.4 – 7347.1 MHz with a fractional bandwidth of 25.97%. The simulated antenna has a directional radiation pattern with a maximum gain of 2.941 dBi. The proposed antenna can work in the WiFi 6E frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a bioceramic that has good biocompatibility properties that can be used to fill, supplement, and repair damaged bone tissue, and be used as a metal implant coating. HA can be obtained by utilizing organic materials such as cow bones, goat bones, and fish bones. This research uses pleco fish because the utilization of this fish is not maximized. This research was conducted by conducting a combination process between the grinding process with a ball mill and a gradual heating process to reach a temperature of 900°C. the ball mill process was carried out at a speed of 200 rpm for 1 hour before and after gradual heating. Characterization of pleco fish bone powder using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Image J software, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Based on the research conducted, the Ca/P ratio was 1.65 with an average powder size of 1.84 and irregular powder shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomaterials are needed for human survival. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a biomaterial that has biocompatibility properties suitable for use in the human body. HA can be found in natural materials such as fish bones, cow bones, pig bones, clam shells, eggshells and others. There are various methods to synthesize HA. The calcination method is used because it is simpler and low-cost. Calcination temperature can affect the Ca/P ratio of the natural sources used. This paper reviews several journals related to HA sources using different fish bones. Differences in calcination temperature and trace elements can affect the Ca and P ratio in fish bone powder. Choosing the right temperature and fish source will produce Ca and P that are in compliance with the HA standard of 1.67. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4/V/C (LFMP/V/C) composites from various iron phosphate precursors and used it as lithium-ion battery cathode has been carried out. Iron phosphate was firstly prepared via wet chemical route by mixing C6H8O7 and FeSO4.7H2O in H3PO4 and NH4H2PO4 under different conditions. Characterization showed that the iron phosphate synthesized under different conditions resulted in different morphology and structure. Iron phosphate synthesized with no hydrothermal treatment resulted in aggregated particles, whereas the one subjected to ultrasonic treatment formed an octahedral-like morphology. Different pH conditions also affected the morphology and crystal structure of the iron phosphate. The morphology of the iron phosphate obtained in acidic condition was mixed between round and octahedral, in neutral condition was rectangular, and in basic condition was in flower-like shaped. The crystal in acidic condition favored lipscombite structure, while in the neutral and basic conditions favored phosphate iron salt structure. The LFMP/V/C composites were further obtained by mixing the prepared iron phosphate with LiOH, MnSO4.H2O, and NH4VO3, and conductive carbon through a solid-state reaction method. The best conductivity of 5.6870 × 10−5 S.cm−1 and working voltage of 4.7 V was obtained from LFMP/V/C fabricated from the precursor synthesized under basic atmosphere followed by hydrothermal and ultrasonic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livestock production is a source of animal protein for human survival. The development of the livestock sector needs to be done to increase people's nutritional consumption and create economic growth. Efforts can be made to improve the livestock subsector, especially livestock productivity, by clustering regions. This study aims to group sub-districts in Brebes Regency based on the amount of livestock production. In this study, the data were checked for outliers and outliers were handled using several imputations. The method used is agglomerative clustering analysis consisting of single linkage, complete linkage, average linkage, ward, and centroid. The best method will be selected from the five methods using cophenetic correlation. Then the best method of the agglomerative clustering algorithm is compared with the K-medoids method using the silhouette index. Based on the results of the analysis, the best method used for clustering is the average linkage method on livestock production data with outliers imputed on average with a sillhoute index of 0.663 and the number of clusters is 2 clusters, where cluster 1 contains 10 sub-districts and cluster 2 contains 7 sub-districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bonus-malus system determines the premium value based on the claim history of each policyholder. The bonus is a decrease in premium value in the next period for policyholders who do not submit claims in the previous period. Conversely, malus is an increase in premium value for policyholders who submit claims. This article discusses the classic and optimal bonus-malus systems in vehicle insurance. The classic bonus-malus system sets premium value based on the frequency of claims, while the optimal bonus-malus system sets premium values based on both frequency and severity of claims. In premium calculation, the Bayes method was used which can describe the expectation value of a datum within a period based on historical data. The results obtained in this paper are classic and optimal bonus-malus premium tables. The tables are, essentially, in a form of a product which can be offered to prospective customers by insurance companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its superior mix of high energy and power density, lithium-ion batteries are the preferred technology for portable gadgets, power equipment, and hybrid and completely electric cars. Lithium-ion batteries are therefore highly sought after by business and government in order to complete the energy transition to net-zero emissions. Materials containing nickel, manganese, and cobalt oxide as cathodes are predicted to hold the largest market share for battery components. The metal ratio can be changed because each metal adds different properties to the final product, which allows for changes to the NMC. So, this study has evaluated the electrical performance of the NMC-721 was synthesized by co-precipitation method. Two variables were conducted, namely stirring times of 30 min and 60 min, to produce Li-NMC721 materials. The synthesized materials were tested by using EIS and CV to examine the electrochemical performance, and the result shows that longer stirring times result in lower transfer resistance values but increased ionic conductivity based on the EIS test. The longer stirring time also increases transportation during the redox reaction based on the CV test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil erosion is a significant concern in many watersheds worldwide, leading to land degradation, loss of soil fertility, and water quality problems. Identifying and prioritizing areas most at risk of erosion is crucial to managing soil erosion effectively. Morphometric analysis is a powerful tool to prioritize sub-watersheds for soil erosion control by assessing their physical characteristics and susceptibility to erosion. Remote sensing and GIS are essential tools in morphological analysis, providing large-scale, accurate, and cost-effective data to study the landscape's evolution. Swethanadhi is one of the major tributaries of the Vellar river. Swethanadhi watershed covers a total area of 1024.51 km2. This study prioritized sub-watersheds of swethanadhi by Compound parameter. The sub-watershed prioritization of the Swethanadhi watershed, based on compound parameter analysis, reveals that sub-watersheds 1, 3, 4, and 5 are categorized as low risk, sub-watersheds 2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 15, 19, 21, and 22 as moderate risk, and sub-watersheds 8, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, and 20 as high risk, indicating varying levels of concern for potential challenges and guiding the need for tailored management strategies in the respective areas. Prioritization of sub-basins for soil erosion control through morphometric analysis can play an essential role in promoting sustainable land use practices and mitigating the negative impacts of soil erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-strength concrete is widely recognized for its impressive compressive strength; however, it is notably susceptible to cracks and brittleness under tensile stress, typically borne by steel reinforcement bars. The traditional approach of introducing fibers as reinforcements to high-strength concrete offers a significant avenue for enhancing its tensile properties. This integration of fibers not only improves the mechanical characteristics of the concrete but also serves as a protective barrier against structural cracks and brittle failures, effectively minimizing crack width and augmenting resistance to crack propagation. This study investigates the synergistic effects of Abaca Fibre (AF) and Polypropylene Fibre (PPF) on the tensile strength improvement and crack mitigation in such concrete. The research explores the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of AF & PPF high-strength concrete with varying fibre aspect ratios (100, 200, 300, and 400) and proportions of abaca and PPE fibre (0.5, 0.1, 1.5, and 2.0). The optimal combination of 1.5% fibre dosage and an aspect ratio of 200 is identified based on the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian construction sector is a crucial part of the country's economy and growth. It is a prominent player in the development of the country's infrastructure. Project management requires effective construction document management. Creating Construction documentation (including specifications) in accordance with a consistent approach is beneficial to owners, architects, engineers, and contractors. Each phase of a construction project needs a high level of communication and information exchange among all parties involved in the project. The data can be shared in several formats Which include typical text documents such as letters, forms, and fax messages, as well as graphical documents such as building plans, maps, drawings, pictures, and film data format. A variety of issues are occurring in the construction organization due to inefficient document management. As a result, this research is concerned with identifying the major factors that influence document management as well as developing new strategies for improved document management technology. A questionnaire survey was distributed to various experts in the construction industry to determine the elements that affect document management. An effective strategy for document management was advised after data was evaluated using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the social science) statistical software, also Cronbach's alpha reliability test is used to ensure the reliability of the questionnaire responses. The observed outcome shows that a significant improvement was achieved not only as a consequence of automation but also as a result of the way the document is linked to the related operations. The document management approach integrates documents into the project schedule by utilizing management software, which helps to decrease the difficulties caused by improper document management. This research suggested that better document management technology is intended to meet the construction industry's future demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scope of sociolinguistic study has recently broadened to embrace a variety of issues, including the function of language in identity building, the use of language in social interactions, and the influence of globalization on language development. These unique study paths have resulted in some key findings concerning the interaction of language and society. The current study uses a bibliometric analysis to assess the body of sociolinguistic literature published in the decade from 2013 to 2023. A total of 242 sociolinguistic publications were identified. The annual growth rate was found to be 7.63% and each publication received an average of five citations. The United States proved to be the most productive country, contributing 52 articles. The study also used concept cooccurrence analysis to set research priorities in the field of sociolinguistics. The United States and the United Kingdom are the most frequent collaborators in writing studies. This study highlights the significance of sociolinguistics, which pertains to the examination of language within the context of society. The study of the intricate correlation between language and society has the potential to offer solutions to significant contemporary social issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SilkBot - This groundbreaking project endeavors to revolutionize silk production by employing a comprehensive approach that intricately addresses four pivotal components. First, a nuanced strategy involves the segregation of cocoons based on gender, optimizing the silk production process. Second, an innovative technique for the identification of diseased cocoons is implemented, curbing the spread of diseases and concurrently amplifying yield. Third, meticulous attention is dedicated to maintaining ideal temperature conditions, fostering accelerated cocoon growth. Lastly, a tailored approach to cocoon feeding is established, ensuring optimal conditions that cater specifically to the growth and requirements of the cocoons. This comprehensive initiative, spearheaded by a distinguished professor with a doctorate and numerous prestigious designations, seeks to elevate the quality of silk produced and set a new standard for silk production methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indium bismuthide is a well-explored group III-V semi-metallic compound for IR technology applications. Here we report mechanical properties of this low band gap crystals using Zone melting method. The crystals of InBi1-xTex (x=0.05, 0.1, 0.15) were grown using Zone-melting method with 0.3cm/hr growth speed and 10 alternate zone passes. In the present work the microhardness of these crystals with the above said composition range has been investigated. The hardness has been studied with respect to applied load as well as of the composition of the crystal, at room temperature. InBi1-xTex (x=0.05, 0.1, 0.15) crystals exhibit impurity hardening as compared to the pure InBi crystal. Hardness tests were also performed on as-cleaved, cold-worked and annealed crystals. The impact of crystal perfection on microhardness has been studied and the detail results are reported. With increasing Te content, the hardness shows increasing trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Speech controlled automated Dustbin (SCAD) is a robot trash can that may be operated by way of the consumer issuing particular voice commands. The microphone hears the speech of the Android cell phone and is processed with the aid of the voice module. While the robotic is aware of the command, the speech module transmits a command message to the robotics microcontroller. The microcontroller translates the message and executes the essential commands. The dustbin's sensor detects waste, and while it does, it sends a command message to the dustbin's microcontroller. After analyzing the message, the microcontroller instructs the servo motor to -flow the dustbin's lid open. Designing a mobile trash can that can be operated with the aid of a phone is the main intention of this newsletter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Battery Technology is an Emerging area of research in the automotive sectors. Various types of battery chemistries such as Li-ion, LifePO4, cells etc. plays a crucial role in developing EV battery. Many cells come with different packaging such as Prismatic, cylindrical and pouch types in order to suit to different field conditions. The study includes the analysis of various battery packages and their effect on the battery performance. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the impact of temperature on the battery's performance and to determine the most suitable temperature range for maximum battery performance. The study will also look into the development of efficient BTM systems to maintain the battery temperature in a desired range. The study will also look into the development of efficient BTM systems to maintain the battery temperature in a desired range. The results of the study can provide valuable insights for the development of reliable and efficient EV batteries, and help to improve the overall performance and safety of these batteries in different field conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PT XYZ is a multinational company that produces processed chicken products for example nuggets, sausages, meatballs, etc. The nugget production process in the forming line uses a semi automation machine that runs continuously. Machine breakdowns often occur, causing a reduction in nugget production time. This study aims to identify factors that contribute to the OEE value of the six big losses, provide recommendations to reduce the causes of losses in production and increase machine effectiveness. The method in this research is SBL used to analyze the factors that cause low effectiveness value and FTA used to identify the root cause of the problem. According to the results of calculations in June 2022 - May 2023, the three biggest factors that caused the low value of machine effectiveness were idling & minor stoppages losses of 24.61%, yield losses of 24.37%, and reduced speed losses of 23.78%. The factors of idling & minor stoppages losses and reduced speed losses are then further analyzed using FTA. The improvement recommendations given are increased coordination with related stakeholders, rechecking before production runs, stocking roll packaging around the machine, operators collaborating with sanitation teams, synchronizing machines, implementing oil filtration processes properly and controlled, replacing machine components according to service life, cleaning crumbs regularly, installing rubber dampers, and replacing machine components before breakdowns occur. The other recommendations for improvement are scheduling the replacement of machine components according to their lifespan and procuring spare parts with a minimum number of one piece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson disease has more than 10 million cases worldwide, making it the second most prevalent neurological disorder overall. A decline in motor and cognitive function is the main characteristic of Parkinson's disease. No one test can be utilized to establish a diagnosis. Instead, health care providers must do a thorough clinical inquiry of the patient's medical history. But this diagnostic strategy is completely off. According to studies, only 53% of cases with early diagnosis—defined as five years or less of symptoms—are correct. Even if it's not much better than winging it, therapeutic success depends on early diagnosis. Although research is ongoing and medications or surgery can assist, as of right now, there is no known cure for Parkinson disease. Frequently result in notable improvements with motor symptoms. One of the deadliest illnesses is Parkinson's disease. Therefore, detecting it earlier could assist avoid or lessen the impacts. A person's Parkinson disease status can be determined by. A person's Parkinson disease status can be determined by: classification regarding machine learning methods are utilized. These algorithms include decision tree, logistic regression and other "Ensemble" learning techniques, which aim to increase accuracy by merging many models. The implementation of the machine learning model can greatly enhance the Parkinson disease diagnosing process. This study shows that, in comparison to other classification algorithms, the ensemble methods The high test accuracy percentage of 95.5 percent was attained with the Random Forest classification algorithm. As this project is related to health, we made sure that we selected the correct algorithm that gave the low false positive and False Negative values by using confusion matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a disease that plagues several people all over the world and is in most cases a terminal condition. Of the different types of cancer that exist such as Bladder, Colorectal, Kidney and many more, Cervical Cancer is one of the variants with a huge number of patients. Early diagnosis could increase the chances of curing patients of their disease and will help in increasing their impermanence. Using the knowledge of Machine and Deep Learning in the medical field is by no means a new approach. We plan to incorporate deep learning techniques to help with the early detection and prediction of cervical cancer. The dataset that we have chosen to use for the functioning of the models is widely used in the field. This allows for easier comparison between the various other results obtained by other researchers. Then, the trained models were compared based on various metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the variations of fossil traces in the limestone layers of the Selorejo Formation, as well as the level of rock porosity in the petroleum system. Field mapping, stratigraphic measurements, profiling outcrops, rock sampling, and porosity analysis were conducted to collect data. The results showed that the Selorejo Formation contained various types of fossil traces, such as Planolites, Helminthopsis, Thalassinoides, Conichnus, Chondrites, Macaronichnus, Bergauria, Ophiomorpha, Skolithos, Terebellina Asterosoma, and Palaeophycus. Moreover, rock layers containing trace fossils had lower porosity than those without them. The more trace fossils in the rock layer, the worse the porosity. This finding could be useful in petroleum exploration, as the porosity of rock layers with fossil traces needs to be taken into account when assessing oil and gas reservoir potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assure the continued existence of this ever-increasing and growing population, the agricultural sector is a crucial sector that has to be adapted to new technologies in order to boost productivity in a smaller area. This is necessary in order to secure the survival of the people. Adapting modern technology to the needs of small and medium farmers, who make up a significant portion of the farming population, is our major objective. This will, in the long run, result in a more widespread change concerning the agricultural industry. In order to do this, we came up with a new system that is not only secure and scalable, but also self-sufficient and easy to change in order to meet any future technological breakthroughs that may occur. Within this minute and minute detail, real-time parameters were monitored, managed, recorded, and graphically shown in order to enable the making of judgements that were both suitable and timely. In addition to the development of a decision-making system that is based on artificial intelligence, the installation of sensor nodes and control nodes that are self-sustaining and scalable was also carried out. Furthermore, a smart node that functions as a Bluetooth Low Energy gateway in order to ease connection with the cloud was also successfully implemented. For the purpose of bringing agricultural regions into conformity with contemporary technology, the use of intelligent equipment gives an expanded potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of this writing is to present excellent applications of the theory of matrices in various fields. We have given some illustrative examples of uses of matrix algebra in Cryptography, Vector mechanics, Linear dependence of functions and Chemical Sciences. It is fair to say that almost all branches of STEM(Science-Technology-Engineering-Mathematics) are widely using the matrix algebra tools. Hence in this article we(the authors) have made an attempt to bring them to the notice of young researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extension field is the most fundamental concept in Algebraic Number Theory. It plays a vital role while examining the roots of a polynomial equations through Galois Theory. Moreover field extensions are widely used in Algebraic Geometry. This article depicts FIELD EXTENSION THEORY and ALGEBRAIC EXTENSIONS in a recreational way. As this article is written in the current year 2023 and might be published in the year 2024 we have chosen those year's numbers 2023 and 2024 and made an attempt to demonstrate the central ideas and fundamental concepts of Galois Theory in an elegant apprach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research article we proposed some important applications of Matrix Algebra tools. Role of determinants in fitting a regression line has been the presented here. Moreover, how the matrices are useful in Information theory is also discussed. The importance of Modal Matrix in obtaining the general solution of first order SLDE is shown. Lastly the use of determinants in Analytical Geometry are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To produce halal, safe, and affordable food collagen are factors that need to be resolved in food processing industry. Collagen was made from milkfish scales and B. megaterium TR-10. Freeze drying method has been around for a long time and usually use in food processing, including collagen production. Freeze drying techniques need in this separation of protein and water as a solvent due addition of acetone and NaCl so that the protein has not to denaturation due to processing above 50ᵒC. Computational method to simulate heat and mass transfer freeze drying in the collagen formation at -60ᵒC with a pressure less than 10 Pa to obtain optimal efficiency. When compared to conventional dryers, hybrid freeze dryers excel in several key areas: drying efficiency, energy efficiency, moisture removal procedure, product quality, and nutrient or bioactive ingredient preservation. The simulation using a foam mat with variation 1mm, 3mm, and 5mm. Changing product into a foam to expand the surface area and mass transfer increase thus drying process take a short time. This simulation begins with designing use Ansys R21 and the next process is numerical calculations to analyze heat and mass transfer in freeze drying process to obtain optimal efficiency result. The optimal value is obtained because effectiveness heat and mass transfer process when the collagen converted into foam causing surface largen with thinnest layers. Drying time with hybrid technique is between 1/4 to 1/7 times faster compared non-foam drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sentimental analysis often known as opinion mining is the determined by using the Natural Language Processing (NLP). In recent years, opinion mining drawn a lot of curiosity from the developers. In this study, we have attempted to address the fundamental issue of sentimental analysis is known as sentiment polarity categorization. Using through process description, a general procedure of sentiment polarity categorization is suggested. Online product reviews taken from amazons website, facebook etc are the input of the data for this project. Promising results are obtained from experiments on categorization at both the sentence and review levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-ceramic powder from chicken egg shells has been made using a planetary ball mill with varied numbers and types of grinding balls and gradual heating. Chicken egg shells powder is used as a precursor for manufacturing Hydroxyapatite (HA) bio-ceramic material. HA is used as a scaffold, bone filler, and metal implant coating. The manufacture of HA powder with a fine size is very well used for making bone grafts. HA, which consists of calcium and phosphate, is the main component of bone. HA sourced from organic materials such as bovine bones, pig bones, fish bones, goat bones, clam shells, egg shells, snail shells, crab shells, and so on. The research was conducted using a ball mill with variations in the number and ball milling. The balls used are agate and stainless steel. Milling will be carried out in two stages in each variation, namely grinding without gradual heating and grinding followed by gradual heating to a temperature of 900°C. Milling was carried out at 200 rpm for 2 hours. Furthermore, the chicken egg shells powder was characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that milling using 45 balls effectively reduced powder size. The powder size decreased in the first stage by 175 µm in the second stage to 32 µm. The Stainless Steel grinding ball type is more effective in reducing powder size than the Agate ball type. The difference in powder size between the two types of balls in the first stage was 133 µm and in the second stage was 80 µm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of scientific literacy test instruments is still minimal and generally applicable, so a scientific literacy test instrument is needed with the type of test that applies to a small scope. The general objective of the research is to produce a scientific literacy test instrument, while the specific objective is to describe the test instrument, validity, reliability, discriminatory power and level of difficulty of the items. This study is a Research and Development (R & D) research with a procedural model from Borg and Gall, which was then analyzed based on the validity, reliability, discriminating power and level of difficulty of the items using the Aiken validity, classical theory test and Rasch model. Based on the Aiken validity analysis and the classical theory test results, 22 of the 40 items were declared valid and reliable with the different power of the questions accepted and having a difficulty level of 95.45% easy and 4.45% moderate. The final results of the research on 196 students using the Rasch model analysis, namely (1) On the validity of the test instrument there are 18 items declared valid; (2) Has a high degree of reliability; (3) Has four items with poor discriminating power; and (4) It has a difficulty level of 9.90% very difficult items, 40.90% difficult items, 45.45% easy items and 4.45% very easy items. This research concludes that the scientific literacy test instrument that is prepared has a fairly good quality and can be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is something that can be seen as something that will bring someone to a better future. However, the main problem in education is that not all residents in an area have access to education, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. One of the problems in the form of low physical facilities in the form of schools is quite a big influence on the inequality of education in Indonesia, including in Padang Cermin District. As a result of this, there is a pattern of distribution and affordability of school facilities that cannot be accessed by all residents in the area. The data in this study were obtained from school location points accompanied by administrative boundaries and road facilities, both main collector roads, arterial roads, local roads, and other roads. The method used in this analysis. The technique used in the process of processing school location data in this study is in the form of coordinates for the distribution of schools with the nearest neighbor analysis technique t (nearest neighbor analysis) and buffer analysis. The results of the analysis show that the distribution pattern of SD and SMA/SMK is clustered, while SMP has a random pattern. The affordability of SD is 91.6%, SMP is 33.3%, and SMA/SMK is 75%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effect of the PjBL (Project Based Learning) model with the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) approach on students' Computational Thinking abilities in physics lessons. The research method used is quantitative with a quasi experimental research type. Quantitative methods are used in the calculation process of the instruments being tested regarding Computational Thinking abilities. This research was conducted at SMAN 14 Bandar Lampung with class XI MIPA 2 students as an experimental class. The number of students in that class was 36 people. Based on the research that has been done, obtained data showing that there is an influence of the PjBL model with the STEAM approach on Computational Thinking abilities, this is indicated by a sig value of 0.033 which means sig<0.05 so that H1 is accepted. Based on these results, it is evident that the PjBL model with the STEAM approach has an effect on students' Computational Thinking abilities in physics lessons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has implemented a Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) in the Sunda Strait since July 1, 2020. The implementation of TSS will affect the frequency of ship collisions. Because of TSS, the fulfillment of shipping safety supporting facilities and infrastructures receives special treatment. When implementing the TSS over the next few years, it is critical to keep in mind the state of shipping traffic density, which is increasing yearly. Thus, in this study, an evaluation of the Sunda Strait TSS implementation in terms of shipping safety was performed. The frequency of ship collisions is calculated and forecasted for the next few years. The IWRAP is used to model it during the calculation process (IALA Waterway Risk Assessment Program). According to the findings, the frequency of ship collisions in the Sunda Strait is 1.55 x 10-3 accidents per year. The frequency of each scenario is as follows: head-on: 2.70 x 10-4, overtaking: 6.43 x 10-4, and crossing: 6.41 x 10-4 accidents per year. In the TSS area, there are 7.18 x 10-4 ship collisions per year, with an increase in ship traffic data forecasted until 2035, resulting in 1.44 x 10-3 accidents per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sports car is a car that has a speed above the average of a non-sports car. The maximum speed of a sports car is from 250 to 300 km/h and the time traveled from a distance of 0-100 km, ranges from 7 to 3 seconds. The power that can be issued by a sports car ranges from 150-300 HP. The resistance (drag coefficient) on sports cars is 0.25 to 0.35. This value is smaller than non-sport cars which have a value of 0.35 to 0.6. Aerodynamics is a change in the motion of an object due to air resistance when the object is traveling at high speed. Aerodynamic aspects have an important impact on the design of sports car vehicles. In addition to reducing drag, the aerodynamic aspect can serve to avoid the downforce that occurs when the car is traveling at high speed. The lift will cause the car to lift upwards. If this happens, the car will be difficult to control and risk having an accident. The purpose of this analysis is to find out how big the obstacles that occur in sports cars are. Sports cars are designed using Autodesk Inventor software and analyzed using Autodesk CFD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many disputes at the village level are not handled well in Aceh. These things cause dissatisfaction. The solution is to present a customary court. Nevertheless, the practice of customary justice differs in different regions, for example in Acehnese and Gayoness areas. There is no documentation for cases handled available. Therefore, it is not easy to replicate some good practices from the pass. This study aims to create a prototype for documentation of customary court. The socio legal method has been used to gain practice through observation, interviews, FGDs (Focus Group Discussion) and data validation in Aceh Besar and Aceh Tengah. A best information system model is found. The model connects the user with the customary justice, namely the Aceh Customary Council as the controller, the village apparatus as the implementer, and the gampong community as the user. Based on the model, a documentation system has been built based-on prototype approach. Testing was done in Aceh Besar, Gayo Lues and Aceh Barat Daya. The system now can be used by the community to register their cases. Then the Gampong apparatus under the direction of the Mukim and the Customary Council will investigate and find the best solution. All these activities now can be documented in SIPERDAT, the Customary Court Information System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of the Banda Aceh Wastewater Treatment Plant has been delayed due to the discovery of archaeological artifacts in the construction area. In an effort to protect the existence of archaeological artifacts, a survey using the magnetic method was carried out to identify the distribution of archaeological artifacts. Total magnetic field intensity data were measured using the Proton Precession Magnetometer (PPM) equipment. The measuring area is 38 m × 40 m with 1599 measurement points and the distance between the points is 1 m. Total magnetic field anomaly values were obtained through the diurnal and International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) corrections. The maximum values of the total magnetic field anomaly are 71.0 nT and the minimum values are -99.5 nT. The maximum and minimum values are close to where the artifacts have been exposed. To obtain the distribution of anomalies, analysis signal processes were performed. The results succeeded in showing the existence of archaeological artifacts based on elongated and closed anomalies. Elongated anomalies were identified as a fence structure called diwai in Acehnese culture and the closure anomalies were identified as gravestones. The existence of these archaeological artifacts and their historical values need to be preserved so that they will be educational facilities and historical tourism objects for the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to obtain the optimal effect of the combination of avocado leaves (Persea americana Miller) and tithonia leaves (Tithonia diversifolia), fermented by Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria to be used as a source of energy and protein in ruminants. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of T1 (80% avocado leaves + 20% fermented tithonia leaves), T2 (60% avocado leaves + 40% fermented tithonia leaves), T3 (40% avocado leaves + 60% fermented tithonia leaves), T4 (20% avocado leaves + 80% fermented tithonia leaves). The parameters measured were dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD). ANOVA analysis was used in this study, then Duncan's multiple distance test was used to test the differences in each mean. The results showed that the treatments had a very significant effect on DMD (p<0.01) and significantly affected OMD (p<0.05). The average DMD was between 62.73–69.14% and OMD was between 62.23–67.14%, while the effect of post-rumen treatment on DMD was very significant (p<0.01) and had no effect significantly (p>0.05) on OMD. The average DMD was between 54.31–62.22%, and OMD was between 53.50–56.40%. Increasing the fermented tithonia leaves can increase the DMD and OMD on rumen and post-rumen digestibility. It can be concluded that the T4 treatment (20% avocado leaves + 80% fermented tithonia leaves) increased DMD and OMD in the rumen and post-rumen digestibility and gave the best results. However, the post-rumen digestibility value was lower than rumen digestibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the needs of modern human life are inseparable from the use of electrical energy. The development of eco-friendly technology continues to emerge rapidly to help facilitate daily life, such as electric vehicles (EV), electric stoves, and other modern equipment. A variety of modern equipment will have a technical impact on the distribution of electric power. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) is a state-own company, as one of the electricity service providers, must serve consumers reliably and efficiently. The existence of modern loads on the consumers side must be addressed with modern electricity supply, such as the preparation of smart grid technology, communication technology between EV charging stations, disturbance management, and efficient asset management. All of that is a readiness index for PLN to serve modern consumers. PLN needs to prepare technology and knowledge in the transformation of industry 4.0. This research helps PLN to assess the readiness of industry 4.0, which we call INDIST 4.0 (Power distribution readiness Index I4.0). The results of this study contain 5 Pillars, 15 Fields as a reference. Assessment for all distribution work areas in Indonesia with a value of 1.9 out of 4, meaning PLN is a newcomer and learner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of phosphore using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry has been studied. The aims of this research were to get the optimum conditions for analysis phosphore, to obtain information on the best reductor, and to apply this method for analysis phosphore in vegetables that reach method validation parameters. This research begins with determination of optimum conditions of phosphorus analysis by forming a yellow complex compound. This compound was unstable so it needs to be reduced using SnCl2 and thiourea with various acid conditions to produce a stable blue complex. Furthermore, the phosphorus analysis method was validated based on the method validation parameters. Molybdenum blue reaction produced a heterophosphomolybdate complex compound which has a maximum wavelenght 689 - 729 nm. The method validation results of phosphomolybdate have linierity (R2) were 0.9983 and 0.9961 for SnCl2 and thiourea as reductors. The molar absorptivity were 2.093 x 105 L mol−1 cm−1 and 2.93 x 105 L mol−1 cm−1 for SnCl2 and thiourea. It had limit of detection and limit of quantification of 1.41 x 10−3 mg L−1 and 4.28 x 10−3 mg L−1 for SnCl2 and 5.62 x 10−4 mg L−1 and 1.7 x 10−3 mg L−1 for thiourea. The %RSD values in each sample ranged from 1.30 to 1.51%. %recovery obtained in each sample ranged from 93.02% - 110.52%. The phosphates contained in the vegetables samples did not pass the food quality standard according to the Indonesian Nutritionist Association (PERSAGI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze students' chemical literacy through implementing an Ethical Dilemma-STEAM teaching model in chemistry acid and base lessons. The model is designed to engage students in values-based learning through dilemma stories that pose environmental problems to be solved through the development of an interdisciplinary project. The study involved 40 grade 11 students from a high school in Jakarta, Indonesia, during the 2021/2022 academic year. A qualitative research method was employed to investigate students' learning experiences through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, reflective journals, and a chemical literacy test. The model engaged students through five steps of learning: value reflection, problem-solving and decision-making, content integration, STEAM integration, and transformation. In this study students were challenged to develop a jet-powered boat as a solution to an inter-island mobility dilemma. The study found that the Ethical Dilemma-STEAM teaching model supported students' chemical literacy development. The study demonstrated that students were encouraged to think critically by applying their conceptual understanding to practice. They were motivated to look closely at chemistry issues in everyday life, an indication that this model could be used as an alternative way to engage students to see the relevance of chemistry concepts and their application to the local environment. The paper also addresses the difficulties researchers faced in implementing an innovative approach to chemistry education during multiple COVID-19 outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]