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The purpose of this research is to determine the amount of fat that is present in white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisphorus) by assessing the amount of fat that is present in each 100 grams of the mushroom using the hot air oven and the tray drying method. During the process of drying the white button mushrooms, we placed them under a variety of conditions, including varying temperatures and periods. For the purpose of this study, the participants were split into two groups, each consisting of twenty samples. In one group, the drying process was carried out using a hot air oven, whereas in the other group, a novel tray drying strategy was utilized. Using the characteristics that were used to determine the amount of fat present, a total of forty samples were tested, twenty of which came from each of the groups. The white button mushrooms are dried in a tray drier and a hot air oven dryer at a temperature of forty degrees Celsius for five hours. This guarantees that the final product is of great quality and retains a good amount of nutrients. In order to determine the size of the sample, the g power calculation was performed with an alpha value of 0.05, a confidence level of 80%, and a confidence level of 95%. Results: When compared to drying in a hot air oven (0.03g/100g), the results obtained from T2 - 40°C for 5 hours were the most favorable for white button mushrooms. This occurred as a result of the innovative tray dryer having a fat level of 0.14g/100g. The two-tailed significance value of 0.002 (p<0.05) indicates that there is a statistically significant difference between the hot air oven drying and tray drying methods. This difference is based on substantial differences between the two procedures. Conclusion:The drying process that was investigated in this study discovered that the hot air oven drying method was less effective than the revolutionary tray drying process. The tray drying process resulted in a product that has a higher percentage of fat, a greater number of nutrients, and a more appealing appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the population grows, so the frequency of accidents occurs every minute. These accidents on the road remain unpredictable, often hindering timely reporting to nearby ambulances. This leads to instances where emergency services are unavailable, resulting in delays in providing vital first aid and services, potentially resulting in loss of life within crucial minutes. Consequently, there is a pressing need to establish a comprehensive system capable of addressing these challenges and effectively reducing the response time of medical vehicles. The objective of this project is to introduce an IoT-based framework designed to swiftly detect car accidents and promptly alert relevant parties. This can be accomplished by integrating intelligent sensors with a car's microcontroller, programmed to activate upon detecting an accident. Additionally, modules such as GPS and GSM are integrated into the system to pinpoint the accident's location coordinates and transmit them to registered numbers and nearby ambulances, facilitating immediate assistance. Furthermore, the system employs deep learning algorithms to analyze images and determine whether an accident has occurred. Upon detection, the Accident Detection System initiates an automated alert mechanism, notifying emergency services and relevant stakeholders of the incident's location and severity without delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a single-stage MOSFET inverter and a novel double-stage IGBT inverter incorporating a PV array as an alternative source of fossil fuel. Solid-state modulators are being used in an increasing number of pulsed power applications. Increased grid voltage synchronization, irregular power flow across the DC link capacitor, and AC flow will necessitate single and Double Stage IGBT based Inverter systems. The single stage of the inverter is made up of MOSFET switches, while the Double Stage IGBT based Inverter stage is made up of IGBTs. Comparative analysis is used to attain a reduced distortion factor. PV-powered grid connected systems with various types of DC-AC conversion are described, with 7 example values and a G power of 0.95 used to compute efficiency for each system. Considered parameters are alpha and CI. Based on SPSS analysis, the significance value is found to be 0.003 (p<0.05, statistically significant). This study addresses the performance requirements of the PV power framework under reduced distortion factor situations for existing and recommended grid-tied inverters. These changes include using a different climatic condition and keeping a stable voltage across the dc-link capacitor. Certain restrictions apply to activities made when resolving distortion rate in a single-stage design. As a result, the recommended framework is fit to overcome the limits of the current method while also being able to withstand the load. The average distortion factor noted in the proposed system is 1and the conventional system is 1.48. The proposed study effectively utilized the renewable rather than conventional method. For both generating and transmission, the suggested structure will be a more effective platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of the dielectric constant of liquids with traditional methods have a profound impact on physical, chemical, and electronic properties requiring physical presence for its determination. Conventionally measurement of physical parameters of the dielectric constant electronically requires an electric circuit at a specified frequency with the electronic circuit design involving an AC bridge, conventional bridge, and microcontroller base method. The present article attempts to design an internet-enabled system to measure dielectric constant operated at various frequencies of interest with good accuracy. Materials selected belong to the family of amines and nitrile compounds that tends to allow the interstitial position to be occupied during the formation of mixtures with uniformity. A frequency generator circuit constructed using the dielectric liquid-based capacitor is interfaced with the microcontroller. The interface is with implementing the program with the designed system, and the measured parameters are displayed on the display unit and extended to the Internet of Things (IoT). The designed system is validated for dielectric constant with traditional methods and proved an efficient smart system useful for technological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TiO2) were prepared by two-step anodization. The geometry of the nanotube arrays was controlled by varying the duration of anodization. The TiO2 nanotubes were annealed and subsequently spin-coated by Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). The AuNPs enhanced the visible light activity of TiO2 nanotubes by localized surface plasmon resonance. The AuNPs-coated TiO2 nanotubes were characterized using SEM, UV-Visible spectrophotometer, photoluminescence spectrophotometer and GIXRD. The photocatalytic activity of AuNPs-coated TiO2 nanotubes was studied using trinitrophenol degradation under sunlight. The nanotubes prepared for 600 s duration showed enhanced photocatalytic degradation of trinitrophenol dye after 180 minutes of duration under sunlight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the theoretical and experimental impact of ignition delay for electronically auto mixed diesel enginerunning on a B100 biodiesel blend. Diesel and combination of diesel and Jatropha oil methyl ester (JME) are the test fuels employed in this experiment (B100). In this operation due to help on electronic fuel mixer. To operate a CI engine with typical inoculation timing (SIT) and retarded injection timing, JME and diesel were mixed neat and in various amounts (RIT). When equated to diesel fuel, the ignition delay of biodiesel is longer. The engine's ability to complete combustion is impacted by a prolonged ignition delay. The fuel's cetane number has an inverse relationship with the fuel's ignition delay for CI engines. JME gasoline showed improvements in engine efficiency and emission characteristics. JME has greatly reduced smoke, CO, and HC emissions from diesel fuel, however it has marginally increased NOx emissions when combined with SIT. There is also a decrease in NOx emissions, which was accomplished with RIT with only a minimal impact on fuel consumption rates. We examined thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature after using RIT to minimize the max cylinder gas pressure and ignition delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current article, an attempt is made to examine experimental data in order to estimate and enhance the output parameters of the low capacity H-Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine. Also, the development of mathematical models of output power (P) and output torque (T) for wind turbines is discussed, as well as the optimization of output variables is presented in order to enhance the output of the wind turbine. It was determined that the independent variables in this study were the parameters related to the blade, wind turbine, fluid, airflow, and electrical properties of the wind turbine, which all affects the output of the wind turbine. The research effort has been focused on constructing the model through dimensional analysis techniques, followed by optimization and sensitivity analyses. By applying Buckingham's pi theorem, the variables are grouped into dimensionless pie terms according to their similar characteristics, allowing the mathematical model to be established. MS-solver is then used to optimize and determine the optimal values for these dimensionless patterns in order to maximize the output parameters of the wind turbine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypersonic vehicles and missiles drag force has a significant impact in the design process. in high-speed hypersonic and supersonic flows, blunt bodies encounter challenges such as pressure build-up, increaseddrag, and heating loads a numerical investigation of a drag reduction technique has been carried out for differentaerospike shapes namely, hemispherical aerospike, conical aerospike, blunt cone aerospike, flat shaped aerospike. the present study focuses mainly on varying the flat shaped aerospikes with flat shape with sharp edge, flat shape with straight edge and flat shape with chamfered edge. The numerical approach has been used to validated the results with the available experimental data and by performing a grid independence analysis. by diverting airflow and preventing direct contact with the forebody of the vehicle, the flat shape aerospike significantly reduces drag. the forward facing spike produces an oblique shock rather than a normal shock wave,which significantly reduces the pressure over the blunt body. among the flat shaped aerospike, the maximum drag reduction coefficient was found in flat shaped aerospike with chamfered edge of 0.66145. this drag reduction was occurred with a lengthto diameter ratio (l/d) of 0.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this document will look into the flow properties that of coaxial jets at dissimilar velocity ratios by keeping the secondary/minor jet exit Mach number constant and changing Mach number of the main jet departure. In this study, the near-field velocity streamlines and centerline total pressure distributions are analyzed. The study is carried out for LT2.65mm at a constant secondary jet leaving with a 0.6 Mach number. The primary jet exit Mach number stands for been varied in steps of 20% say as 0%(infinity, annular jet) 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% Considering that secondary jet depart Mach number for M0.6. The coaxial nozzle is been validated for 2.65 mm lip thickness using the experimental data that is currently available. The design of the coaxial nozzle in CATIA and the numerical study was completed using the computational solver programme Ansys Fluent. The findings demonstrate that at 0% (annular jet) there is an influential wake area formed in the middle of the secondary jets. By increasing the exit velocity of the primary jet, the wake region is decreased. The study also found that the primary jet exit velocity has no effect in the potential core of the primary/main jet till 80%. The primary/main jet potential core is found only at 100% velocity ratio. Reducing the primary/main jet exit velocity to 20% and 0% (annular jet) leads to a formation of three vortexes that is because of the result of the secondary jet. As the proportion of velocity is augmented, the main shear layer becomes predominant then the wake region diminishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to examine, through computational methods, how different turbulence models affect the potential core length in subsonic jets. The impact of these turbulent models on jet performance is investigated by analyzing potential core length, a crucial parameter in jet flow dynamics, at various axial locations. Numerical simulations have been run to determine the Potential core length for nozzles with various turbulence models. The study identifies clear trends in potential core length based on various turbulent models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical simulations were conducted on coaxial jets with thick (10mm) and thin (2mm) lip thickness and bypass ratio (BR). Total pressure measurements were compared with experimental data. In all cases, a single axisymmetric convergent nozzle generated Mach 1.0 primary flow, while Mach 0.9 secondary flow nozzles with widths of 5mm, 7.5mm, and 10mm were examined. A single free jet case (BR=0, secondary jet stopped) was also investigated to provide a basis for comparison with the coaxial setups. The analysis included comparisons of centerline jet total pressure decay, static pressure decay, and corresponding contours. The potential core lengths showed reasonably good agreement with experimental data. Notably, thin lip coaxial jets exhibited potential core lengthening with increasing co-flow nozzle width, whereas the reverse was observed for thick lip coaxial jets. Additionally, static pressure remained relatively constant along the centerline of the primary jet, but in the case of thick lip coaxial jets, variations of up to 12% below atmospheric and 9% above atmospheric were attributed to wake dominance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coaxial nozzle is one method to enhance the nozzle jet mixing. Enhancing the mixing can reduce the aircraft engine noise. Changing the exit Mach number(M) of the main jet, velocity of the coflow jet alters the potential core length (PCL) of the main jet. The impact of velocity ratio at diverse main nozzle exit Mach numbers in the range of subsonic conditions (M0.6 and M0.8) and correctly expanded sonic condition (M1), the main core length and the jet characteristics decay (CDR) has been studied numerically. Coaxial jets with a thick lip thickness 10.7mm with velocity ratios of VR0 (single jet), VR0.2, VR0.4, VR0.6, VR0.8 and VR1.0 on primary jet exit Mach numbers(M) of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 is analyzed. Design and mesh was done by using Gambit 2.6.4. Computational analysis was carried out in Fluent 6.12. A single jet (VR0) corresponding to main coaxial nozzle is examined for comparative study. Axial centerline total pressure (Pt) decay, jet range, centerline static pressure (Ps) variation, and velocity contours are examined in present study. The outcomes demonstrates that the mingling of high velocity ratio (HVR) coaxial jets are higher in comparison to low velocity ratio (VR) coaxial jet. The velocity ratios have an effective influence on the coaxial jet mixing. VR1.0 experiences an enhanced mixing than any other velocity ratios considered in the present study. The result also shows that as the velocity ratio increases the potential core length of the main jet reduces for the lip considered in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shockwave are defined as nonlinear pressure waves propagating at supersonic speeds. The first shock wave technology was developed in 1990s, which used explosives and electric current to generate shock. Modern shock generation methods include hypersonic shock tunnels and shock tubes, which are used extensively in the fields of medicine (treatment of kidney stones), biological sciences (bacterial transformation), agriculture (improved processing of crops), oil extraction (increasing yield), food industry (meat tenderization, juice extraction), material processing (property improvement in nano particles), and manufacturing. The objective of this paper is to conduct an overview of the applications of shockwaves specifically in three areas such as materials processing, nanotechnology, medicine, oil extraction and bioscience. Oil, nanoparticles, solid, liquids, grains, meats, agricultural products are few reviewed samples which are exposed to shock waves. Shock waves has an impact in physical, chemical, thermal, mechanical, electrical and thermodynamic properties. Using shock waves as a pre-treatment process was also analyzed. Shock waves also has an impact in varying the structure, texture, color, smell, solubility, morphology and molecular behavior of the organic and inorganic compounds. Techniques like ultrasound, UV spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, XRD, ORAC assay are used to study the Shockwave treated samples for obtaining the results. The results obtained are compared with the results obtained from the sample before shock application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein content (g/100 g) of dried figs (Ficus Carica) using new tray dryers and hot air oven dryers will be the focus of this analysis. Research Tools and Procedures: The fig fruit was tested in a controlled environment with respect to temperature and time. Twenty samples of the revolutionary tray drying method were distributed to group 1, and twenty samples of the oven drying method were sent to group 2 for this investigation. In order to find the protein content, 40 samples were tested at different times and temperatures. The G-power algorithm yielded an 80% sample size, a 95% confidence range, and a 0.05 alpha level. Overall, the results showed that the innovative tray drier performed better than hot air oven drying in terms of protein content (0.50 g/100 g vs. 0.40 g/100 g) when applied to fig fruit. Both the hot air oven and tray drying procedures show a statistically significant difference, with a two-tailed significance value of 0.002 (p < 0.05). Based on the improved product appearance and higher protein content, the innovative tray drying method outperforms the oven drying method, according to the study's conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the help of oven and microwave drying methods, the purpose of this investigation is to ascertain the refractive index and specific gravity of coconut oil that has been extracted from coconut kernels that have been processed. Components and Methods of Research: Our coconut kernels were cut into slices that were 1 cm3, 8 cm3, and 27 cm3 in size. One group dried their items using the microwave, whereas the other group dried their items using the oven. This study was performed on a total of forty different samples (Group 2). Every one of the two sets contains twenty samples in total. At the same time as the G power was kept at 80 percent, the size of each gathering was determined by using the findings of a prior concentrate on an online sample calculator. The novel drying processes were carried out at temperatures of 40 degrees Celsius, 50 degrees Celsius, and 60 degrees Celsius for a length of five, six, and seven minutes, respectively. Compute the specific gravity and refractive index of the oil that was extracted in order to determine the quality of the oil. Both drying in the oven for seven minutes at sixty degrees Celsius (0.93) and drying in the microwave for the same length of time gave the best possible results for specific gravity (0.66). When it comes to the refractive index, the best results were obtained by air drying in the oven (1.46), followed by drying in the microwave (1.46). (2.02). With specific gravity and refractive index having two-tailed significant values of p=0.003 and p=0.001, respectively (p<0.05), both groups exhibit a statistically significant difference. This difference is based on the numerical data. In conclusion, the findings demonstrated that microwave drying performed noticeably better than oven drying when it comes to the development of novel drying technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We will compare the carbohydrate content per 100 grammes of dried fig fruit (Ficus Carica) using a hot air oven and a special tray drier. What We Need and How It Works: Temperatures of 40, 50, and 60 degrees Celsius were among the conditions tested on fig fruit, along with durations of three, five, and seven hours. In this study, 20 samples from group 1 were given the revolutionary tray drying approach, while 20 samples from group 2 were given the oven drying method. Both teams are responsible for conducting the experiment. Fifty samples were tested utilising a wide range of time and temperature combinations in order to determine the carbohydrate content. Keeping the G-power at 80%, setting the alpha at 0.05, and setting the confidence interval at 95% allowed us to estimate the right size of the sample. Results: Compared to oven drying at T4-50 °C for three hours, the novel tray drier with 6.1 g/100 g of carbohydrates worked substantially better in fig fruit. When looking at the two oven drying techniques side by side, this was evident. The novel tray drying method is significantly different from the oven drying method, as shown by the two-tailed significance of p=0.002 (p<0.05). According to the study's findings, the novel tray drying technique outperforms the conventional oven drying method. This is due to the fact that the tray drying process produces a product with a higher carbohydrate content and an improved appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important purpose of this study is to ascertain the total sugar content (in grammes per one hundred grammes) of vacuum-packed dried fig fruit (Ficus carica) that is packaged with high density polyethylene and polypropylene. Materials and Methods of Procedure: Regarding the fig fruit, investigations were conducted into a number of aspects, including the conditions of storage, the temperature, and the amount of time. For the purpose of this experiment, the food samples were separated into two groups: one group was given high density polyethylene packaging (N=20), while the other group was given polypropylene packaging (N=20). It was determined that a total of forty samples, twenty from each of the groups, were evaluated using the circumstances that were utilised to determine the total sugar content. An alpha level of 0.05 was used to establish the sample size, and the G power was set at 80 percent. The confidence interval was set at 95 percent. It has been demonstrated through the findings that the optimal values for the polypropylene packing material were achieved by integrating a number of different elements. Following the use of the new method, the dried figs had a sugar level of 5 grammes per one hundred grammes. The two-tailed significance values of 0.002 (p<0.05) indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the polypropylene and high density polyethylene packing materials. This difference is demonstrated to be statistically significant. According to the findings of this research, high density polyethylene packaging materials are less effective than polypropylene packaging materials. This is because polypropylene packaging materials have a higher sugar content and a better appearance for the product. This conclusion is supported by the results of the innovative packaging approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to identify which of the two types of packaging materials, polypropylene and high density polyethylene, is superior for the packaging of dried fig fruit, the major purpose is to compare the total protein content (g/100 g) of the two types of materials (Ficus Carica). Methodologies and Instruments for Research: Researchers looked at the fig fruit and evaluated it under a variety of conditions, including different temperatures, periods, and storage conditions. This study utilised high density polyethylene packing for the control group, which consisted of twenty individuals, and polypropylene packaging was employed for the experimental group, which also consisted of twenty individuals respectively. Twenty samples from each group, for a grand total of forty, were submitted to the selected criteria in order to determine the total protein content in the selected food sample by utilising novel packaging techniques. This was done in order to determine their total protein content. In the process of defining the total size of the sample, the G power was established at 80 percent, the confidence interval was established at 95 percent, and the alpha was established at 0.05. When comparing dried figs packaged in high density polyethylene (0.5 g/100 g) and polypropylene (0.7 g/100 g) materials, the ideal value in the former was established by a combination of numerous features. This was the case when comparing the two types of materials under consideration. In the two-tailed significance test, the result of 0.002 (p<0.05) indicates that there is a statistically significant difference between the polypropylene and high density polyethylene packing materials. This suggests that the difference is statistically significant. According to the findings, polypropylene packaging is more successful than high density polyethylene packaging materials in terms of efficiency. This is mostly due to the fact that polypropylene packaging has a higher protein content and a more appealing appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparison of the drying methods of the tray and the hot air oven for avocado fruit (Lauraceae) in terms of the amount of protein present (g/100 g) is the objective of this study. Materials and Methods of Procedure: When we were analysing fresh avocado samples, we utilised the oven-dry method at 40 degrees Celsius for three hours, the tray-dry method at fifty degrees Celsius for five hours, and the microwave-dry method at sixty degrees Celsius for seven hours. Twenty samples were taken from each of the groups, bringing the total number of samples obtained to forty. Through the utilisation of Lowry's methodology, we were able to ascertain the amount of protein (g/100 g) that was present in the dried avocado samples. At a level of confidence of 80 percent, a level of confidence of 95 percent, and an alpha of 0.05, the g-power is utilised in the process of selecting the sample size. Results: As a result of the comparison between the revolutionary tray dryer (2.45 g/100 g) and oven drying (2.46 g/100 g) of avocado (T7=60 °C for three hours), the data regarding the protein content indicate that the later method produced the best values. A statistically significant difference was observed between the oven drying approach and the revolutionary tray drying technique, as evidenced by the two-tailed significant values. This difference was found to be statistically significant at the level of p=0.003 (p<0.05). It may be concluded that a tray dryer is superior to an oven dryer in terms of both speed and efficiency. It is more effective for food samples to preserve protein when they are dried in a tray. Because of this, tray drying is the method of choice for enhancing the flavour of foods that have been dried. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major objective of this research is to determine the dietary fibre content of dried white button mushrooms packed in different amounts of moisture using polypropylene and high density polyethylene. Procedures and Materials: A vacuum packing machine was utilised to seal the food samples, while a tray drier and a hot air oven dryer were employed for drying. The packaging materials used were high density polyethylene and polypropylene. Hdpe was distributed to Group 1, the control group, with a total of 20 participants. The mushrooms in Group 2, the experimental group with a total of 20 participants, were dried using a tray dryer and an oven. After drying, they were packed and stored in high density polyethylene and polypropylene containers with moisture contents of 0.25%, 0.56%, and 0.79%, respectively. The sample size for each group was determined with the following parameters: G power at 80%, alpha at 0.05, and certainty span at 95%. The results show that polypropylene significantly influences the retention of dietary fibre content compared to high density polyethylene (0.79% after 7 days of storage) and other materials. A statistically significant difference between HDPE and PP is indicated by the two-tailed significance value of 0.001 (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study found that compared to high density polyethylene, mushrooms packed with polypropylene material had a higher dietary fibre content, even if the moisture content was only 0.79 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processing and morphological examination of copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures under varied concentrations and processing temperatures were explored in this research. A two-step seed-assisted hydrothermal approach was used to fabricate CuO nanostructures embedded in the surface of plain-woven carbon fiber fabric (WCF), with seeding followed by growth treatments with controlled chemical precursors. Three major factors are taken in the experimentation such as seed cycles, growth solution, and hydrothermal duration. By adjusting the CuO molar concentrations and controlling the growth temperature in the hydrothermal processing for different set of durations, several nanostructure morphologies of CuO such as petal-like, cuboid-like, buds-like nanorods, and nanoflakes were formed. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra were used to evaluate diverse morphologies and their elemental compositions. It was discovered that the length of the growth treatment and the number of seeding treatments had a significant impact on the growth of nanostructures. The notion of growing CuO nanostructures directly onto WCF to increase the interfacial parameter of plain carbon fiber polymer composites was proposed in this study, which is a better strategy for secondary reinforcement than adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the matrix. For the construction of laminated hybrid composites using the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process (VARTM), Epoxy resin was utilized as the matrix material, which was reinforced with generated CuO nanostructures on WCF. The contact surface area between the molecules of the carbon fibers increases due to bonding of nanostructures at the interfaces thus, the load transmission will also increase. This may be responsible for the enhancement in the strength and delamination property of the resulting composite material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and application of electrical discharge machining (EDM) has shown to be a beneficial approach when handling sophisticated materials, including superalloys like Hastelloy, Inconel 718, and Ti6Al4V. An improved version of the EDM method called powder mixed EDM hasovercome several intrinsic drawbacks (PMEDM). A thorough understanding of PMEDM, including its process dynamics, the impact of added powders or particulates (based on their nature and properties), its potential as a surface modification technique, its limitations, and opportunities for future advancements, is still elusive, making the switch from EDM to PMEDM an ongoing exploration. The development and application of EDM are beneficial when handling sophisticated materials, including superalloys like Hastelloy, Inconel 718,and Ti6Al4V. An improved version of the EDM method called powder mixed EDM has overcome several intrinsic drawbacks (PMEDM). There is still much to learn about PMEDM, includingits process dynamics, the effects of added powders or particulates (based on their nature and properties), its potential as a surface modification technique, its limitations, and future development opportunities. As a result, the transition from EDM to PMEDM is still being investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A predictive mathematical model is presented to analyze whether the cases of lung cancer are increasing or decreasing after COVID-19. Further to investigate the age range in which it is more attacked by the disease and its modes of treatment. The relevant data collected from the previously published articles are utilized to obtain the simulation results for the mathematical model considered. The mathematical model considered for the present study is a result of the case study undertaken on the patient-specific data obtained from a deceased patient who was suffering from post-COVID fibrosis. The beginning and end of the first phase and the last phase of each phase pair's variability showed identical phase plots for each phase duo. Implementing control techniques to optimize each compartment had a big impact on every division. The graphical representations also provided evidence for the necessity of controlling the condition that causes post-COVID fibrosis. The mathematical model and the exploration of the results in terms of the orientation of different phases add novelty to the present research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high vacuum E-Beam vacuum coating apparatus used to deposit thin copper films with varying thicknesses (10, 30 and 70 nm). Utilising X-ray diffraction, SEM-EDS, AFM, and UV-visible spectroscopy, the structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of thin copper films are examined in relation to thickness. The film is amorphous at low thickness, according to the XRD diffractogram. With an increase in thickness, the crystallite size increases from 4.6 to 6.4, although the dislocation density and strain have opposing effects. There is good agreement between the Debye Scherrer formula and the Williamson-Hall technique for calculating crystallite size. Its lowers with increasing thickness show that there is less imperfection and no shifting of peaks. The negative strain values across all samples signify the imposition of compressive stress within the films. SEM-EDS spectra described about the pure copper thin film deposition without any impurities. AFM demonstrates that the surface roughness and RMS value is increases from 0.008 to 0.14nm as the thickness increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Magnetoresistance (MR) effects were as high as 60% at room temperature in a thin film of doped Magnanites with the perovskite structure. The complex perovskite manganite R1-x DxMno3 (R = La, Pr, Sm. etc and D = Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb) showing colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effect is one of the strongly correlated systems with firm interactions among the charge, spin, orbital and lattice degrees of freedom, like double exchange interaction, superexchange interaction, John-Taller distortion, Hund's coupling, leading to complex electronic, Magnetic and structural phase diagrams. The phase separation, charge ordering and half Metallicity cause it as one of the hottest topics in condensed matter physics and various sample equipment have been designed with the development of the preparation technology and scientific research. Here, after a concise introduction of magnetoresistance and colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR) Manganites, Our main efforts are devoted to the following aspects: CMR effects in single-phase Manganite related to the sensitive spin-charge interaction and phase separation; rectifying property and negative/positive Magnetoresistance effect in Maganite/Nb:STO p-n junctions related to the special interface electronic structure; Magnetoelectric coupling effect in Maganite/ferroelectric structure taking advantage of the strain, carrier density and magnetic field sensitive properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annually, there are more fatalities and cases of permanent impairment due to frequent motorbike accidents. The majority of fatalities result from the emergency patients' delayed treatment. The time immediately following a catastrophic injury is referred to as the "golden hour, "during which rendering immediate, life-saving medical and surgical care raises the likelihood of human lifesaving by an average of one-third. To make an attempt of increasing the likelihood of human life saving during bike accidents, this paper focuses to reduce the response time of emergency services by developing a solution in form of an instrumentation that aims to potentially saving lives and reducing the severity of injuries in a timely manner by providing the details about the location of the accidents to the emergency service providers. The developed instrumentation comprises of accelerometer (ADXL335), a GPS module, GSM module (SIM900D) and a microcontroller unit that is able to detect motor bike accident(s) by virtue of the threshold of acceleration measurements assigned to the algorithm, acquired after conducting several experimentations depicting the actual scenarios. Such that, if the acceleration measurements will exceed the assigned threshold limits, the developed algorithm will detect an accident and will send a text message to the emergency service providers having the lo cation coordinates of the place, where the accident has occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building nano-scale cementitious composites is made possible by the advancement of nano-materials, which is a priceless opportunity. One of the most important classifications of engineered nano-materials is that they are divided into three types: zero-dimensional nanoparticles, one-dimensional nano-fibers, and two-dimensional nano-sheets. Nanoparticles and 1D nano-fibers, such as nano-silica and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have been used in a variety of applications, according to the published literature. Only a small amount of attention has been paid to the discovery of graphene oxide (GO), a 2D nano-sheet that adds a new dimension to the interaction with cement and concrete matrix. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of recent research efforts in the creation of cement and concrete nano-composites. It is also discussed the impact of low-dose nanomaterial incorporation on the construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media is a famous person to person communication site. It is a most common internet based long reach casual correspondence benefit the enable client to share and pickup data. The client's character, connections, or different qualities can be investigated from the long-range interpersonal communication information. This article focuses on anticipating the client's capability to appreciate others on a profound level (EI) in light of information from person to person. As a fundamental feature of client's mental qualities. EI assumes a significant part on prosperity, relational connections, and by and large outcome in individuals' life. Most existing work on foreseeing individuals' EI depends on poll that might gather untrustworthy response or unconscientious reactions, in this way driving in possibly off base forecast results. In this article, we are persuaded to propose EI forecast models in light of the feeling examination of person to person communication information. The models are addressed by four aspects, including mindfulness, self-guideline, self-inspiration, and social connections. The EI of a client is then estimated by four mathematical qualities or the amount of them. In the tests, we foresee the EIs of north of a hundred thousand clients in view of one of the biggest informal communities of China, Weibo. The foreseeing results exhibit the viability of our models. The outcomes show that the dissemination of the four EI's components of clients is generally ordinary. The outcomes additionally demonstrate that EI scores of females are for the most part higher than guys' EI scores. This is reliable with past discoveries. Also, the four elements of EI are connected. We at last break down the benefits and the burdens of our models in foreseeing clients' EI with person-to-person communication information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single Sign-On (SSO) and application integration solutions like Okta have become increasingly popular among organizations as they offer a simple and secure way to access multiple applications and resources. This paper examines the benefits and features of SSO and application integration using cloud Okta, as well as its implementation and use cases. The benefits of SSO and application integration using Okta include improved user experience, increased productivity, and enhanced security. Okta provides a comprehensive set of features, including access management, user provisioning and deprovisioning, and multi-factor authentication. Okta can be easily integrated with a variety of cloud-based applications and resources, making it an ideal solution for organizations looking to streamline their workflows. Implementing Okta is straightforward and can be done quickly, with little to no disruption to an organization's existing infrastructure. Use cases for SSO and application integration using Okta include education, healthcare, and finance. In education, Okta can be used to provide secure access to learning management systems and online resources. In healthcare, Okta can be used to provide secure access to electronic health records and patient data. In finance, Okta can be used to provide secure access to financial data and customer information. In conclusion, SSO and application integration using cloud Okta is a powerful solution that can greatly improve the user experience and security of any organization. With its comprehensive set of features and easy implementation, Okta is an ideal solution for organizations looking to simplify their workflows and enhance their security posture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The local absorbing boundary conditions for the wave propagation in Maxwell type viscoelastic materials (VABC-M) proposed by Badry and Ramancharla (2018) are promising in absorbing the wave propagation magnitude when mass proportional damping was present in the medium. It was also specified that an approach is not suitable when damping proportional to response frequency (stiffness) is present in the medium. In this study, local absorbing boundary conditions for a viscoelastic medium are evaluated when only damping proportional to stiffness is present in the medium (VABC-S). Later, the study was extended to include both stiffness and mass proportional damping (VABC). 1D wave propagation analysis is presented which us carried out using explicit time integration, and the results are presented. From the results, it is observed that when damping with stiffness proportional is present in material, the reflections with VABC-M are higher than the standard absorbing boundary conditions, and when mass proportional damping is included in the material, the reflections with VABC-Sare higher than the standard absorbing boundary conditions. However, VABC performs excellently in absorbing the outwardly propagating wave energy. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to verify load frequencies against the design frequency. It is concluded that the VABC performs excellently for load frequencies higher than the design frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of industries leads to different types of pollution which affects both environment and human health. Of these, water pollution is considered as the most serious issue, which leads to the scarcity of potable water around the world. Among these pollutants, 70% of the effluents are from the dyeing process in the textile industries. In recent years the photocatalytic degradation of dye has got more attention since it is a greener way to tackle the problem. Dye degradation using photocatalyst can be improved by expanding the area of light absorption using conductive polymers and also by increasing the photogenerated electrons. In this aspect, we were able to successfully produce photocatalyst by the in-situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of TiO2 with ammonium peroxydisulfate as an oxidising agent. The successful formation of PANI-TiO2 nanocomposites was verified through the utilisation of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the degradation of the basic dye malachite green is studied in the presence of PANI-TiO2 nanocomposite which shows that almost complete degradation of 97% occurs under the tungsten lamp when 10−5 M concentration of dye was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fundamental unit of our guided wave propagation studies has been a bundle of metallic carbon nanotubes with limited or infinitely long tubes. Changing their low-energy band structures will not be taken into account when we examine electromagnetic interaction between carbon nanotube bundles. Our working hypothesis is that the conductivity of metallic carbon nanotubes is well represented by the electron gas model for the low frequency domain below optical inter-band transitions. Carbon nanotubes' conductivity is subsequently explained by this. An infinitely long bundle of metallic carbon nanotubes will be considered using an analogous multi-shell method in order to get the dispersion equations for guided wave propagation on the bundle. We shall implement the scattering theory on a finite-length bundle of carbon nanotubes. Our goal is to collect numerical data for the guided wave's parameters. Using integral equation methods originally designed for single-wall and planar arrays of carbon nanotubes, we will study the finite length effects in bundles of these materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Completely programmable devices are popular in today's fast-paced society. Everyday life, businesses, retail, the internet delivery system, and healthcare are all heavily reliant on robots. Internet businesses in India have been booming for a long time, and as the competition heated up, they came up with creative ways to attract online shoppers. One approach to stand out from the competition among all the promises is to provide faster delivery. 'Same Day Delivery' was even considered by a few of major entrances. Transport workers are an essential cog in the wheel of the online retail shop network. They celebrate all day long despite the fact that all of the promises made by businesses to attract or retain customers essentially rest on their shoulders. In addition to long hours and heavy loads of goods, delivery people often experience verbal abuse and physical violence. Finally, there's the other side of the coin, which concerns the final consumers who, all too often, encounter shocking situations that stem from the last phase of the delivery cycle. Delivery people have been known to follow female customers in many incidents. In most cases, the worst has been averted by the preparedness of clients and the optimal mediation of experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional approach of tracking blood sugar levels is invasive, uncomfortable, expensive, and time-consuming, and the number of people diagnosed with diabetes is steadily rising throughout the world. The need for frequent and continuous non-invasive glucose monitoring has been brought to light by complications caused by abnormal blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. Patients now undergoing blood glucose monitoring (BGM) have to go through the pain and risk of infection associated with finger pricks to get blood samples, making the process invasive. This study suggests a laser-based BGM to solve these problems. Our proposed approach makes use of 650 nm visible red laser light for BGM as this wavelength is more able to pass through human tissue. The medical kit also includes a number of other sensors that record vital indicators, such as monitors for blood pressure and pulse. Data is collected from several sensors and sent to the central processing unit (CPU) via the photodiode. The microprocessor board gathers data, which is shown on the LCD panel, before being forwarded to the IoT module. After the data is sent to the cloud using the IoT module, the primary care physician and the patient's legal guardians may evaluate it. Using the collected patient health data, it may be feasible to detect advanced health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The best method for diagnosing many diseases today is thought to be retinopathy detection and classification. Additionally, identifying veins in the retina is crucial for identifying diseases. This is done by isolating the retinal veins using background retinal image analysis. It provides valuable information about the retina that is essential for early detection of diseases caused by elevated glucose and blood pressure levels. This early identification of abnormalities in retinal vessels contributes to the timely recognition of diseases. This approach aids in providing early treatment for life-threatening diseases and prevents further complications due to diabetes and hypertension. Using retinal pictures, a novel hybrid framework dubbed Strawberry-based Convolution Neural Framework (SbCNF) is developed in this paper to identify and categorize retinopathy illnesses. The retinal veins are segmented using a variety of datasets. Particularly, the entire implementation procedure makes use of the DRIVE datasets. The study, which was carried out on the Python platform, demonstrates possible developments in retinopathy detection software. By comparing the implementation results to conventional classification models, measures like accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure were used for validation. The investigation shows that the suggested algorithm, because of its beneficial characteristics, including decreased computational cost, achieves greater accuracy in retinopathy identification. Additionally, this SPSS method takes into account potential variations in item scaling or variability. In this case, when considering standardized items, the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient slightly increases to.912, indicating even stronger internal consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's power scenario, the increasing power demand is a prevailing concern. The electrical power generated by non-renewable energy sources falls short in meeting this escalating demand. Utilizing renewable sources in conjunction with non-renewable energy becomes imperative. Among various renewable energy sources like wind, tidal, biomass, and solar, the latter is especially advantageous due to its widespread availability and environmentally friendly nature. However, the power generated by solar cells is influenced by atmospheric conditions, and its delivery hinges on connected loads. Achieving maximum solar cell power output is challenging due to atmospheric variations, necessitating the use of various Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods. This paper introduces the application of the Incremental Conductance (INC) method for MPPT, which, in comparison to the Perturb and Observe (P & O) method, is better suited for tackling oscillations arising from diverse atmospheric conditions. The selection of a DC-DC CUK converter holds significance for maximizing power, offering low ripple levels at both input and output stages. The paper comprehensively covers converter design, simulation outcomes for a battery-connected standalone PV system employing the INC MPPT method [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine the mechanical properties of hybrid nanocomposites manufactured through a hand layup process using natural fibers such as hemp and pineapple, synthetic fiber such as glass fiber as reinforcement, and LY556 epoxy with aluminum oxide as a nanofiller. The mechanical characteristics of composites are tested as per the ASTM. The study demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the composites were greatly enhanced by the inclusion of nanofillers. The Tensile, Flexural, and Impact strength were increased respectively, compared to the composites without nanofillers. Moreover, the composites exhibited a good balance of properties, including stiffness, strength, and toughness. According to the experimental study, it was suggested that the developed hybrid nanocomposites have great potential for various structural applications for automotive sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-harvest loss of agricultural products is a significant problem in many developing and expanding countries that are experiencing economic expansion. On the one hand, there is a lack of understanding regarding the sizeable amount of losses, and on the other, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the advantages of applying uncomplicated postharvest and conservation methods. A significant amount of agricultural productivity is lost in many nations. Using the right post harvest technology could help to cut down on food waste. Additionally, it helps to raise product quality, which raises market prices. The most typical way to preserve freshly obtained fruits(grapes) is by drying and storing them. The practice of drying goods outdoors in the sun dates back to ancient times, however there are drawbacks, including a heavy reliance on the weather, slow drying durations, the potential for contamination, etc. These problems may be overcome by using mechanical dryers, although they are energy intensive. Simple mechanical processes and solar-powered drying can lower the moisture content of grapes, enabling longer-term storage. Common methods of raisins processing are the open sun drying and natural air-drying shelter. Both of methods have been long production period, large area, the quality of grapes is low. Mainly traditional solar dryer for grape do not have heat system with lower efficiency. As a result, the drying air condition varies greatly and closely tracks changes in the ambient air condition. The drying process is discontinuous. According to incomplete statistics, the consuming time of grape drying is 15 days with traditional solar dryers. Therefore, the traditional solar dryer is not suitablefor industrial production. the paper mainly dealt with the sustainable self-made solar dryer and heat storage system with nichrome coil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study of Solar panel systems is widely acknowledged as environmentally friendly and sustainable energy sources. While solar panel systems emit little pollution over their useful lives, the environmental consequences of their creation and removal cannot be overlooked. Producing hazardous chemicals, contaminating water resources, discharging pollutants into the air during the production process, and the impact of Solar Panel deployments on land use are all significant environmental issues. Solar panel production has advanced significantly over the generations. Solar cells based on silicon were the first generation, with the bulk being manufactured on single crystal silicon wafers. Solar cell efficiency has increased as thin films, dye-sensitized solar cells, and organic solar cells have been developed. Most significant impediments to advancement are cost and productivity. It has a multitude of applications, including directly capturing the sun's energy and generating electricity or substantially absorbing the sun's heat. In the solar energy business, photovoltaic (PV) cells are widely used. Additionally, it includes three generations of improved photovoltaic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance and the life span of PV solar modules depends on many factors. Some of these factors are area specific and some factors are associated with the material and equipment being used in the PV solar system. Some of these factors are solar irradiance, temperature, humidity, clouds, fog, dust, wind speed etc. In this paper these parameters are discussed and analysis of significant effects of local environmental and weather conditions is also done. For the research the real weather data (from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2020) is taken from the observatory of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agriculture University Hisar. All the affecting environmental parameters are observed from real weather data and results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project aims to implement a real-time lane, object and pedestrian detection system using visual input froma camera mounted on the front of the vehicle. The project is developed using OpenCV based YOLO libraries and Tensorflow. Various objects that appear in the feed of the camera are identified, numbered and labelled so that the self-driving vehicle can maneuver accordingly. To ensure that proposed system is unique in its approach and performs better than existing methodologies, a novel approach was considered wherein the detection of each parameter is segmented, cascaded and simultaneously executed. This novel approach ensures that detection of each parameter remains independent of the other, and the performance and efficiency is at maximum making the system ideal for autonomous vehicles and semi autonomous vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]