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The duodenal injuries occur in the 3-5% of blunt abdominal traumas. The isolated intramural duodenal hematoma is a very rare lesion. An early diagnosis and an adequate therapy are crucial because a delay, beyond 24 hours, increases the mortality from the 11% to 40%. However, diagnosis is often hindered by a lack of specific symptoms. We report a case of a 21 years-old man with an intestinal obstruction from isolated intramural duodenal hematoma occurred after a blunt abdominal trauma in a sport competition. The patient was treated conservatively with total parenteral nutrition, gastric decompression and intravenous PPIs. The progressive spontaneous resolution of the hematoma was checked with periodical endoscopies. The discharge occurred after three weeks with no early complications. No late complications occurred at one-year follow-up. The endoscopy is a good and safe tool in the management of this intestinal obstructions with the possibility of conservative or interventional treatment.Il primo caso di ematoma duodenale fu pubblicato nel 1838 da McLaughlan che lo descrisse come una “fatale tumefazione pseudoaneurismatica”. Nei traumi chiusi dell’addome l’incidenza delle lesioni duodenali è approssimativamente del 3-5%. Il trauma duodenale isolato risulta essere un’evenienza molto rara. L’ematoma duodenale intramurale (IDH), una delle possibili lesioni duodenali, è solitamente complicanza di un trauma addominale chiuso in bambini o giovani adulti e si presenta solitamente con un quadro “insidioso” di occlusione intestinale alta insorgente circa 48 ore dopo un trauma. L’incidenza è maggiore nel sesso maschile con un rapporto M:F di 5:1. Dato lo stretto rapporto anatomico duodeno-pancreatico, una pancreatite ad eziologia traumatica è spesso associata all’IDH o ne può rappresentare una complicanza. Presentiamo un caso di occlusione intestinale alta da ematoma intramurale duodenale risoltosi con trattamento conservativo in assenza di complicanze tardive. La diagnosi di occlusione intestinale da ematoma duodenale intramurale è stata basata sulla storia clinica e sull’evidenza della lesione all’esame TC, confermata dall’ EGDS e dall’EUS. Il laboratorio more solito non era specifico. Le possibili strategie di trattamento includevano il trattamento conservativo, l’evacuazione chirurgica e il drenaggio percutaneo o endoscopico. Lo stretto controllo dell’evoluzione della lesione attraverso l’endoscopia tradizionale e l’ecoendoscopia ha permesso di non eseguire trattamenti operativi, che pur si era pensato di attuare. L’atteggiamento conservativo per IDH dovrebbe essere quello di scelta, riservando il trattamento operativo ai casi di persistenza del quadro occlusivo oltre le 3 settimane o ai casi di incremento volumetrico dell’ematoma. Il risultato del trattamento conservativo è buono, in termini di completa risoluzione dell’IDH generalmente entro 2-3 settimane, soprattutto nei casi diagnosticati precocemente.

The treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism consists almost exclusively in the parathyroidectomy. The preoperative imaging (ultrasonography, 99mTc sestamibi scan) can allow to localize the pathologic gland and perform minimally-invasive focused techniques, but in presence of ectopic or intrathyroidal glands, parathyroid hyperplasia or coexistent thyroid disease, the sensitivity of these imaging techniques worsens. The present study shows a new technique of preoperative scintigraphic imaging and describes the early applications of this technique investigating if it is useful in improving the localization of the pathologic parathyroid.Five female patients were enrolled in the study. In all cases, we performed a parathyroidectomy using a systematic recognition of the four parathyroid glands under intraoperative PTH monitoring, adding the use of the intraoperative gamma camera to usual surgical procedures. We evaluate the concordance of the results of the intraoperative gamma camera with the preoperative diagnosis, the intraoperative PTH monitoring and the intraoperative findings. Moreover, the results of the treatment one month after the surgical procedure were also considered.The results of intraoperative scintigraphy were always concordant with intraoperative findings. The intraoperative PTH monitoring and the results of the follow-up confirmed the completeness of the excision, at least in a short period of observation.The intraoperative gamma camera could help to improve the localization of a pathologic parathyroid gland. These results could be useful in improving the results of minimally invasive surgery as well as "difficult" situations.Il trattamento dell’iperparatiroidismo primario è quasi esclusivamente chirurgico e consiste nell’esplorazione sistematica delle quattro ghiandole con asportazione di quella( e) patologica(e). Le più moderne tecniche di diagnosi (ecotomografia, scintigrafia 99 mTc sestamibi), migliorando le possibilità di individuare la ghiandola responsabile della malattia, consentono l’esecuzione di tecniche miniinvasive quando vi è concordanza tra i risultati delle due tecniche, ma la sensibilità di tali indagini è inficiata dalle ectopie ghiandolari, da paratiroidi intratiroidee, da malattia multighiandolare o dalla contemporanea presenza di malattie tiroidee. Il presente studio illustra una nuova tecnica di imaging scintigrafico intraoperatorio ed indaga sulla sua possibilità di migliorare la localizzazione intraoperatoria della paratiroide patologica. A tal fine, 5 pazienti sono state sottoposte a tale metodica, tutte trattate con paratiroidectomia previa esplorazione completa delle quattro ghiandole con tecnica tradizionale, con monitoraggio intraoperatorio del paratormone. Alla tecnica convenzionale è stato aggiunto l’impiego della gamma camera intraoperatoria. Abbiamo valutato la concordanza dei risultati di tale esame con i dati dell’esplorazione chirurgica e con il dosaggio intraoperatorio del paratormone. In tutte e 5 le pazienti si è osservata una perfetta concordanza tra la localizzazione della ghiandola patologica con la scintigrafia intraoperatoria e l’esplorazione chirurgica, ed il dosaggio intraoperatorio del paratormone ha confermato i dati. Anche il follow-up ad un mese ha confermato l’eradicazione della malattia. La gamma camera intraoperatoria sembra quindi poter migliorare le possibilità di localizzazione della ghiandola responsabile dell’iperparati-roidismo primario, favorendo l’impiego di tecniche mini-invasive e migliorando i risultati dinanzi a casi “difficili”.

Liver hydatidosis is a focal benign parasitic disease that still cause high rate of morbidity particularly in the Mediterranean area. A retrospective study comparing conservative and radical techniques in a General and Urgent Surgery operative unit was carried out in order to find signs of its surgical treatment. A total of 50 patients, 24 men and 26 women, who experienced a surgical treatment from 2000 to 2011, participated, and through the Fisher's Exact Test characteristics of the cysts, post-operative complications and relapse were compared. As a result, 29 patients undertook conservative surgery, while 21 radical surgery. There was a relationship between characteristics of the cysts and the technique chosen, (p0.001). Likewise, whenever the diameter was smaller than 10cm or localized in the left lobe a radical technique was used. Conversely, a conservative technique was used when the diameter was bigger than 10 cm or they were localized in the right lobe or complicated by intra-biliary or intra-peritoneal rupture as well as in contiguity with major vascular and biliary structures. In this regard, while the post-operative morbidity was related to the conservative techniques (p0.004), the relapses tended to not be related to any techniques in our case (p0.14). In conclusion, in a non hepato-bilio-pancreatic center a radical surgery including liver resection is suggested for left lobe's cysts, while a conservative technique tends to be more effective for right lobe's cysts mainly if complex. Consequently, patients with complicated presentation could explain why conservative treatment causes higher rate of morbidity.

Cystic lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor commonly located in the head or neck. Approximately 100 adult cases have been reported in the literature. The etiopathogenesis is unclear, though trauma has been suggested as one of the possible causes.We report a case of recurrent cystic lymphangioma arising in an adult who had been successfully treated in our department, leading us to review the literature for a critical examination of our therapeutic choices and the pathological, clinical and therapeutic aspects. We performed a dissection of the cyst respecting anatomical structures.Three days after the surgery, the patient showed a recurrence under the previous site of the excision, We then decided to place a suction drainage under local anesthesia, The suction drainage was removed 25 days later.The post-operative course of the patient showed no signs of recurrence for twenty-four months.Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice in symptomatic patients. In our experience, postoperative suction drainage improved the outcome. Some authors have come out in favor of experimental, non-surgical methods, such as percutaneous sclerotherapy, which they claim offer the most promising results.In our experience, totally excision of the mass was the treatment of choice but, placing just one suction drainage for weeks for new recurrence resulted in a surprising outcome. In fact, recurrence usually appears within the first nine months in about 10-15% of patients.

The Authors outline the law problems and the practice implications of thyroid and parathyroid surgery from the point of view of the informed consensus of the patient, and expose the criteria they usually adopt in their clinical practice for such procedures. This problem is particularly important because is exceptionally needed in emergency; therefore the preoperative information must be completed as possible, illustrating the risks of the procedure and the possible solutions alternative to surgery.

The authors, after illustrating physiopathologic aspects of gastric MALTomas, examine the H.P. infections and the possible relations between this kind of bacterium and gastric MALTomas. They hypothesize that H.P. infection represents an important predisposition to gastric lymphoma, due to anatomopathological modifications over gastric mucosa. They conclude that a decreasing of gastric lymphoma could be correlatable an opportune eradication of H.P. despite of at moment it's impossible hypothesize a marked decreasing of lymphoma by an eradication of H.P.