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A novel proteobacterial strain designated SYSU H10001 T was isolated from a soil sample collected from plateau meadow in Hongyuan county, Sichuan province, south-western China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and phylogenetic analysis, strain SYSU H10001 T was most closely related to Lysobacter soli KCTC 22011 T (98.6%, sequence similarity) and Lysobacter panacisoli JCM 19212 T (98.2%). The prediction result of secondary metabolites based on genome shown that the strain SYSU H10001 T contained 3 clusters of bacteriocins, 1 cluster of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, 1 cluster of type 1 polyketide synthase and 1 cluster of arylpolyene. In addition, the major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8 and the major fatty acids were identified as iso-C 15:0 , iso-C 17:0 and Summed feature 9. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and three unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain SYSU H10001 T was 66.5% (genome). On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU H10001 T represents a novel species of the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter prati sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU H10001 T (= KCTC 72062 T  = CGMCC 1.16662 T ).

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated SYSU K12189 T , was isolated from a soil sample collected from a Karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, south-western China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were observed to be aerobic and Gram-stain positive. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and phylogenetic analysis, strain SYSU K12189 T is closely related to the type strains of the genus Microlunatus, Microlunatus parietis 12-Be-011 T (98.5% sequence similarity), Microlunatus nigridraconis CPCC 203993 T (98.4%) and Microlunatus cavernae YIM C01117 T (96.6%), and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Microlunatus. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain SYSU K12189 T and related type strains of the genus Microlunatus were < 70%. In addition, LL-diaminopimelic acid was found to be the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. The major isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-9(H 4 ), while the major fatty acids (> 10%) were found to be anteiso-C 15:0 , iso-C 15:0 , iso-C 16:0 and iso-C 14:0 . The polar lipids were found to contain diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SYSU K12189 T was determined to be 69.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU K12189 T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Microlunatus, for which the name Microlunatus speluncae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU K12189 T (= KCTC 39847 T  = DSM 103947 T ).

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic bacterium, designated strain YIM 78456 T , was isolated from a hot spring sediment, Ngamring county, Tibet, south-west China. The taxonomic position of the isolate was investigated by a polyphasic approach. The novel isolate was found to be aerobic and rod-shaped. Colonies were observed to be pale yellow and circular. The strain was found to grow at pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 45-65 °C (optimum, 55 °C) and in the presence of up to 1.5% NaCl. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain YIM 78456 T and other members of the genus Thermus showed sequence similarities ranging from 90.3 to 97.3%, with strain YIM 78456 T showing close sequence similarity to Thermus caliditerrae YIM 77925 T (97.3%). The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 78456 T forms a distinct clade with T. caliditerrae YIM 77925 T . The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-8 and the DNA G+C content was determined to be 65.1 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as iso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 15:0 and iso-C 17:0 . The polar lipids were found to consist of an aminophospholipid, a phospholipid and glycolipids. On the basis of the morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as genotypic data, it is proposed that strain YIM 78456 T represents a novel species of the genus Thermus, for which the name Thermus caldilimi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 78456 T (= KCTC 52948 T  = NBRC 113036 T ).

Strain SYSU M10002 T was isolated from a water sample collected from the coastal region of Pearl River estuary, Guangdong Province, southern China. The taxonomic position of the isolate was investigated by polyphasic taxonomic approaches. The isolate was found to be Gram-negative, non-motile, short rods and aerobic. The strain was able to grow at 14-37 °C, pH 6.0-10.0 and in the presence of up to 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYSU M10002 T is a member of the family Sphingomonadaceae, with high sequence similarity to Sphingorhabdus buctiana T5 T (95.1%). Overall genomic related indices between the genome of strain SYSU M10002 T and those of related strains were low to moderate (AAI values < 64.3%; POCP values < 58%), indicating that strain SYSU M10002 T represents a novel lineage within the family Sphinogomonadaceae. Strain SYSU M10002 T contained homospermidine as its polyamine. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified aminolipid. Ubiquinone Q-9 (44.9%) and Q-10 (43.2%) were the dominant respiratory quinones, along with a minor amount of Q-8 (11.9%). The predominant cellular fatty acids (> 10%) identified were summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω7c and/or C 16:1 ω6c), summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω7c) and C 14:0 2-OH. The genomic DNA G+C content was 64.0%. Based on the analyses of the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain SYSU M10002 T is determined to represent a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Aestuariisphingobium litorale gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is SYSU M10002 T (= KCTC 52944 T  = NBRC 112961 T ).

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated YIM ART13 T , was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Xingyi county, Guizhou province, South western China. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were found to aerobic and Gram-stain positive. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain YIM ART13 T was found to be closely related to Nocardioides pakistanensis NCCP 1340 T (96.1% sequence similarity) and is therefore considered to represent a member of the genus Nocardioides. In addition, LL-diaminopimelic acid was identified as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. The whole cell sugars were found to be mannose, galactose, glucose and ribose. The major isoprenoid quinone was identified as MK-8(H 4 ), while the major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as iso-C 16:0 , C 18:1 ω9c and C 18:0 10-methyl. The polar lipids were found to contain diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unidentified phospholipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM ART13 T was determined from the draft genome sequence to be 70.1 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain YIM ART13 T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides speluncae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM ART13 T (= KCTC 39593 T  = DSM 100493 T ).

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain CFH 30183 T , was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Luoyang, Henan Province. The taxonomic position of the strain was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain CFH 30183 T were observed to be Gram-stain positive, motile, asporogenous and coccoid to rod shaped. The strain was found to be aerobic and oxidase positive. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CFH 30183 T was found to be closely related to Ornithinimicrobium murale 01-Gi-040 T (97.8% sequence identity). The ANIb/ANIm values between strain CFH 30183 T and O. murale DSM 22056 T were found to be 80.3%/85.9%. Strain CFH 30183 T was found to grow optimally at 28-32 °C, at pH 8.0-9.0 and in the presence of up to 7% NaCl (w/v). Whole cell hydrolysates of strain CFH 30183 T contained L-ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid, and arabinose, glucose, mannose and rhamnose as whole cell sugars. The respiratory quinone was determined to be MK-8(H 4 ), while the major fatty acids were found to consist of iso-C 15:0 and iso-C 16:0 . The polar lipids profile was found to include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified phosphoglycolipid and four unidentified lipids. The DNA G + C content of strain CFH 30183 T was calculated to be 70.9%. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data obtained, strain CFH 30183 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which the name Ornithinimicrobium cavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CFH 30183 T (= KCTC 49018 T  = CGMCC 1.16393 T ).

A draft genome sequence of Jiangella alba YIM 61503 T revealed a genome size of 7,664,864 bp arranged in 33 scaffolds. The genome was predicted to contain 7196 predicted genes, including 51 coding for RNA. Phylogenetic and comparative analyses of the draft genome of J. alba YIM 61503 T with the available genomes of other Jiangella species suggested a proximal similarity between strains J. alba YIM 61503 T and J. muralis DSM 45357 T , while indicating a high divergence between J. gansuensis YIM 002 T and other Jiangella species. The genome of J. alba YIM 61503 T also revealed genes involved in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis and an alkylresorcinols gene cluster. Further, detection of phosphotransferase genes in the genome of all Jiangella species indicated that they can uptake and phosphorylate sugars. The presences of TreX-Z, TreS and OtsA-OtsB genes in some of the Jiangella strains also indicated a possible mechanism for their tolerance of high salinity. Besides providing new insights into its genetic features, our results suggested that J. alba YIM 61503 T could be a potential strain for further genome mining studies. The release of this genome may, therefore, provide a better prospect for understanding "evolutionary taxonomy" about this genus in future.