14 results
Search Results
2. Diagnosis and management of smouldering myeloma: A British Society for Haematology Good Practice Paper.
- Author
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Hughes, Daniel, Yong, Kwee, Ramasamy, Karthik, Stern, Simon, Boyle, Eileen, Ashcroft, John, Basheer, Faisal, Rabin, Neil, and Pratt, Guy
- Subjects
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MONOCLONAL gammopathies , *MULTIPLE myeloma , *HEMATOLOGY , *DIAGNOSIS , *BRAIN natriuretic factor , *PLASMA cell diseases - Abstract
This article provides information on the diagnosis and management of smouldering myeloma, a precursor condition to multiple myeloma. It discusses various diagnostic tests and imaging techniques used to identify smouldering myeloma and emphasizes the importance of restaging if there is evidence of progression. The article also provides recommendations for screening and initial investigations for suspected myeloma. Additionally, it discusses risk stratification models and treatment options for smouldering myeloma, including the use of lenalidomide. The article concludes by highlighting ongoing clinical trials and the need for further research in the treatment of smouldering myeloma. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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3. Lessons learnt in the screening and diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies.
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Daniel, Yvonne and Henthorn, Joan
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MEDICAL screening , *SICKLE cell anemia , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Summary: For this paper, cases reported formally and anecdotally to the authors in their screening and diagnostic roles have been selected to demonstrate areas where errors have occurred, and caution should be exercised. The cases demonstrate that it is vital that the performance and limitations of the techniques used, along with the phenotypic presentation of cases where haemoglobin variants and/or thalassaemias are coinherited are understood by those performing result interpretation. Those who deliver the service as well as those who receive reports and give results and counselling should be aware of the complexity of the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. The use of genetic tests to diagnose and manage patients with myeloproliferative and myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic neoplasms, and related disorders.
- Author
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Cross, Nicholas C. P., Godfrey, Anna L., Cargo, Catherine, Garg, Mamta, and Mead, Adam J.
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HYPEREOSINOPHILIC syndrome ,MYELOFIBROSIS ,DIAGNOSIS ,GENETIC testing ,REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction - Abstract
Mutations are less frequent (<20%) in patients with indolent SM (ISM).101,102 In advanced SM, mutations in I SRSF2 i , I ASXL1 i , I RUNX1 i , I EZH2 i and I NRAS i have been associated with an adverse prognosis and thus molecular profiling is useful to guide transplant decisions.98,102-104 In ISM, high VAF (>=30%) mutations in I ASXL1 i , I RUNX1 i and/or I DNMT3A i have been associated with an adverse prognosis102 but the value of routine molecular profiling in this subtype remains to be established. Keywords: myeloproliferative neoplasms; myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms; mastocytosis; eosinophilia; chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia EN myeloproliferative neoplasms myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms mastocytosis eosinophilia chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia 338 351 14 11/01/21 20211101 NES 211101 Methodology This Good-Practice Paper was compiled according to the BSH process at https://b-s-h.org.uk/media/16732/bsh-guidance-development-process-dec-5-18.pdf. For older patients without thrombosis, testing may be considered but results must be interpreted with caution in view of the possibility of incidental CH. Testing is not indicated in patients with normal or reactive bone marrow histology. More than half of patients with "triple-negative" PMF do harbour additional mutations when screened with comprehensive genomic assays31 and approximately a third have an abnormal karyotype.51 In patients with bone marrow histology and clinical features consistent with PMF, myeloid gene panel testing in combination with conventional karyotyping (or SNP array) is recommended. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2021
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5. Changing trends of splenectomy in hereditary spherocytosis: The experience of a reference Centre in the last 40 years.
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Vercellati, Cristina, Zaninoni, Anna, Marcello, Anna P., Fermo, Elisa, Fattizzo, Bruno, Giannotta, Juri A., Bianchi, Paola, Zanella, Alberto, and Barcellini, Wilma
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SPLENECTOMY ,AWARENESS ,CHOLECYSTECTOMY ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Summary: We describe the clinical/haematological characteristics of 446 patients with hereditary spherocytosis diagnosed in the last 40 years in a reference centre. The frequency of splenectomy decreased over time (44% before 1990 to 7% in 2011–2020), notwithstanding a confirmed good efficacy. Age at splenectomy progressively increased (63% in children before 1990 to 88% in patients aged ≥20 years in 2011–2020). Our real‐life experience showed that even a fraction of patients in the trait/mild categories (19/92, 21%) were splenectomised, whilst 30/78 (38%) in the moderate/severe groups were not. Overall, these data pinpoint to the increasing awareness about post‐splenectomy thromboses and infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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6. Smouldering multiple myeloma: To seek or not to seek? To treat or not to treat. That is the question.
- Author
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Vaxman, Iuliana and Gatt, Moshe E.
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MULTIPLE myeloma , *HEMATOLOGY , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
In this issue, the British Society for Haematology presents guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with smouldering multiple myeloma (SMM). The authors provide a practical, evidence‐based approach to managing these patients. Key questions remain yet unsolved. Commentary on: Hughes et al. Diagnosis and management of smouldering myeloma: A British Society for Haematology Good Practice Paper. Br J Haematol 2024;204:1193‐1206. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Acquired Haemophilia A in four north European countries: survey of 181 patients.
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Lindahl, Rickard, Nummi, Vuokko, Lehtinen, Anna‐Elina, Szanto, Timea, Hiltunen, Leena, Olsson, Anna, Glenthoej, Andreas, Chaireti, Roza, Vaide, Ines, Funding, Eva, and Zetterberg, Eva
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HEALTH facilities ,HEMOPHILIA ,PATIENT surveys ,BLOOD coagulation factors ,DISEASE remission - Abstract
Summary: Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by acquired antibodies against coagulation factor VIII. In the Nordic countries, treatment and outcomes have not been studied in recent times. To collect retrospective data on patients diagnosed with AHA in the Nordic countries between 2006 and 2018 and compare demographic data and clinical outcomes with previously published reports, data were collected by six haemophilia centres: three Swedish, one Finnish, one Danish and one Estonian. The study included 181 patients. Median age at diagnosis was 76 (range 5–99) years, with even gender distribution. Type and severity of bleeding was comparable to that in the large European Acquired Haemophilia Registry study (EACH2). Bleedings were primarily treated with activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) with a high success rate (91%). For immunosuppressive therapy, corticosteroid monotherapy was used most frequently and this may be the cause of the overall lower clinical remission rate compared to the EACH2 study (57% vs. 72%). Survey data on 181 patients collected from four north European countries showed similar demographic and clinical features as in previous studies on AHA. aPCC was used more frequently than in the EACH2 study and the overall remission rate was lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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8. Moving away from chemotherapy in newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome‐positive B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
- Author
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Haddad, Fadi G., Kourie, Hampig Raphael, and Saleh, Khalil
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LYMPHOBLASTIC leukemia ,ACUTE leukemia ,STEM cell transplantation ,CANCER chemotherapy ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Chemotherapy‐free regimens are reshaping the treatment landscape of Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The report by Xie et al. suggests that the combination of dasatinib and prednisone is effective as induction and early consolidation. Survival was improved in patients who subsequently underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Commentary on: Xie et al. Dasatinib plus prednisone as induction and consolidation for adults with Ph‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A single‐arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Br J Haematol 2023;202:1119–1126. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. Rapidly established guidelines for the diagnosis and management of vaccine‐induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) — a double‐edged sword?
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DIAGNOSIS ,THROMBOCYTOPENIA ,MEDICAL personnel ,THROMBOSIS ,MEDICAL care ,ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID syndrome - Abstract
In the middle of March 2021, clinicians became aware of a syndrome that appeared to be linked to the AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 vaccine. Patients were presenting with thrombosis, thrombocytopenia and very high D-dimer levels, much higher than would normally be expected in association with a new diagnosis of venous thrombosis. Whilst clinicians do need to remain vigilant for VITT, it is important that other causes of thrombocytopenia and high d-dimers, with or without thrombosis, such as malignancy or major vessel aneurysm, are not disregarded. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2021
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10. Diagnosis and management of Waldenström macroglobulinaemia—A British Society for Haematology guideline.
- Author
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Pratt, Guy, El‐Sharkawi, Dima, Kothari, Jaimal, D'Sa, Shirley, Auer, Rebecca, McCarthy, Helen, Krishna, Rajesh, Miles, Oliver, Kyriakou, Charalampia, and Owen, Roger
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MEDICAL personnel ,WALDENSTROM'S macroglobulinemia ,STEM cell transplantation ,BONE marrow transplantation ,HEMATOLOGY ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Scope: The objective of this guideline is to provide healthcare professionals with clear guidance on the management of patients with Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. In individual patients, circumstances may dictate an alternative approach. Methodology: This guideline was compiled according to the British Society for Haematology (BSH) process at http://www.b‐s‐h.org.uk/guidelines/proposing‐and‐writing‐a‐new‐bsh‐guideline/. Recommendations are based on a review of the literature using Medline, Pubmed, Embase, Central, Web of Science searches from beginning of 2013 (since the publication of the previous guidelines) up to November 2021. The following search terms were used: Waldenström('s) macroglobulin(a)emia OR lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, IgM(‐related) neuropathy OR cold h(a)emagglutinin disease OR cold agglutinin disease OR cryoglobulin(a)emia AND (for group a only) cytogenetic OR molecular OR mutation OR MYD88 OR CXCR4, management OR treatment OR transfusion OR supportive care OR plasma exchange OR plasmapheresis OR chemotherapy OR bendamustine OR bortezomib OR ibrutinib OR fludarabine OR dexamethasone OR cyclophosphamide OR rituximab OR everolimus, bone marrow transplantation OR stem cell transplantation. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) nomenclature was used to evaluate levels of evidence and to assess the strength of recommendations. The GRADE criteria can be found at http://www.gradeworkinggroup.org. Review of the manuscript was performed by the British Society for Haematology (BSH) Guidelines Committee Haemato‐Oncology Task Force, the BSH Guidelines Committee and the Haemato‐Oncology sounding board of BSH. It was also on the members section of the BSH website for comment. It has also been reviewed by UK Charity WMUK; these organisations do not necessarily approve or endorse the contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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11. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic synovitis in patients with haemophilia: consensus statements from the Italian Association of Haemophilia Centres.
- Author
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Di Minno, Matteo Nicola Dario, Napolitano, Mariasanta, Giuffrida, Anna Chiara, Baldacci, Erminia, Carulli, Christian, Boccalandro, Elena, Bruno, Clarissa, Forneris, Eleonora, Ricca, Irene, Passeri, Walter, Martinelli, Marco, Rivolta, Gianna Franca, Solimeno, Luigi Piero, Martinoli, Carlo, Rocino, Angiola, Pasta, Gianluigi, Aru, Brigida, Balestri, Elena, Biasoli, Chiara, and Cantori, Isabella
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HEALTH facilities ,SYNOVITIS ,HEMOPHILIA ,JOINT diseases ,DIAGNOSIS ,JOINT pain - Abstract
Summary: Although synovitis is recognized as a marker of joint disease activity, its periodic assessment is not included in routine clinical surveillance of patients with haemophilia (PwH). In order to evaluate the current knowledge and to identify controversial issues, a preliminary literature search by the Musculoskeletal Committee of the Italian Association of Haemophilia Centres (AICE) has been conducted. Statements have been established and sent to the Italian AICE members to collect their level of agreement or disagreement by a Delphi process. Thirty‐seven consensus recommendations have been drafted. We found a general agreement on the indication to consider the presence of synovitis as a marker of joint disease activity in PwH. Accordingly, there was agreement on the indication to search for synovitis both in patients reporting joint pain and in asymptomatic ones, recognizing ultrasound as the most practical imaging technique to perform periodic joint screening. Interestingly, after detection of synovitis, there was agreement on the indication to modify the therapeutic approach, suggesting prophylaxis in patients treated on demand and tailoring treatment in patients already under prophylaxis. Whereas the need of an early consultation with a physiotherapist is recommended for PwH affected by chronic synovitis, the exact timing for an orthopaedic surgeon consultation is currently unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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12. Treatment of lymphocyte‐variant hypereosinophilic syndrome (L‐HES): what to consider after confirming the elusive diagnosis.
- Author
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Williams, Alastair K., Dou, Carol, and Chen, Luke Y. C.
- Subjects
HYPEREOSINOPHILIC syndrome ,DIAGNOSIS ,PROTEIN-tyrosine kinase inhibitors ,RARE diseases ,MONOCLONAL antibodies - Abstract
Summary: Lymphocyte‐variant hypereosinophilic syndrome (L‐HES) is a rare disease driven by immunophenotypically aberrant T cells producing eosinophilopoetic cytokines such as interleukin‐5 (IL‐5). Treatment is challenging because L‐HES is relatively steroid resistant and not amenable to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We searched the literature for clinical trials and observational studies, including case reports, of patients treated for L‐HES. In all, 25 studies were selected; two were randomised controlled trials of IL‐5 blockade, which included some patients with L‐HES, and the rest were observational studies. Corticosteroids are often used as first‐line therapy, but patients with L‐HES have lower response rates than other types of HES. Treatments that reduce symptoms and steroid dependence in some patients include interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α), anti‐IL‐5 monoclonal antibodies, cyclosporine and mycophenolate. These drugs target T‐cell activation and proliferation, or IL‐5 directly. Although effective, IFN‐α and cyclosporine were commonly reported to cause side‐effects resulting in discontinuation. Alemtuzumab can induce remissions, but these are generally short lived. The anti‐IL‐5 monoclonal antibodies mepolizumab and benralizumab are effective and well tolerated, but with a high rate of relapse once withdrawn. Hydroxyurea, methotrexate, imatinib were unsuccessful in most patients studied. More prospective clinical trials are needed for patients with L‐HES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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13. Vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) – a novel clinico‐pathological entity with heterogeneous clinical presentations.
- Author
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Lavin, Michelle, Elder, Patrick T., O'Keeffe, Denis, Enright, Helen, Ryan, Eileen, Kelly, Anna, El Hassadi, Ezzat, McNicholl, Feargal P., Benson, Gary, Le, Giao N., Byrne, Mary, Ryan, Kevin, O'Connell, Niamh M., and O'Donnell, James S.
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IDIOPATHIC thrombocytopenic purpura ,SYMPTOMS ,DELAYED diagnosis ,DIAGNOSIS ,THROMBOCYTOPENIA - Abstract
Summary: Vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a novel entity that emerged in March 2021 following reports of unusual thrombosis after ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19, (AstraZeneca) vaccination. Following the recognition of this syndrome, multiple consensus guidelines have been released to risk stratify patients presenting with possible symptoms after ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccination. All guidelines rapidly identify VITT in patients with the complete triad of thrombocytopenia, thrombosis and elevated D‐dimers after ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccination. However, with earlier recognition of the associated symptoms, the clinical manifestations are likely to be more heterogeneous and represent an evolving spectrum of disease. In this setting, current guidelines may lack the sensitivity to detect early cases of VITT and risk missed or delayed diagnoses. The broad clinical phenotype and challenges associated with diagnosis of VITT are highlighted in our present case series of four patients with confirmed VITT. Dependent on the guidance used, each patient could have been classified as a low probability of VITT at presentation. The present study highlights the issues associated with the recognition of VITT, the limitations of current guidance and the need for heightened clinical vigilance as our understanding of the pathophysiology of this novel condition evolves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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14. The diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of Grade 3B follicular lymphoma.
- Author
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Barraclough, Allison, Bishton, Mark, Cheah, Chan Y., Villa, Diego, and Hawkes, Eliza A.
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FOLLICULAR lymphoma ,POSITRON emission tomography ,LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE disorders ,NON-Hodgkin's lymphoma ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Summary: Grade 3B follicular lymphoma (G3B FL) is rare, accounting for only 5–10% of FLs. Not only has it been routinely excluded from clinical trials, but data published on diagnosis, outcomes, choice of therapies and role of imaging are conflicting. With the advent of increasingly diverse treatment options for low‐grade (G1–3A) FL, and the molecular subcategorisation of high‐grade B‐cell lymphomas, characterisation and treatment of G3B FL is ever more important as extrapolation of data becomes more difficult. New data have emerged exploring unique genetic characteristics, specific features on positron emission tomography imaging, choice of therapy, and outcomes of G3B FL in the current era. The present review will summarise and appraise these new data, and offer recommendations based on current evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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