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Since the introduction of targeted therapies, specific lymphoma mortality has decreased. Possible long-term toxicities, however, are not known yet. This article describes the implementation of the SIMONAL study that investigates the hypothesis of an overconsumption of care after lymphoma treatment with a 10-year follow-up.

Resume L’infection par le VIH est associee a une augmentation du risque de cancer, qu’il soit classant sida (maladie de Kaposi, lymphomes non hodgkinien, cancer du col uterin) ou non-classant sida. Si l’avenement des traitements antiretroviraux hautement actifs a diminue l’incidence des lymphomes non hodgkinien et de la maladie de Kaposi, les cancers non classants, tels que le cancer broncho-pulmonaire, l’hepatocarcinome, le cancer du canal anal ou bien les cancers cutanes, restent une cause importante de morbidite et de mortalite dans la population infectee par le VIH. La presentation clinique est souvent differente de celle de la population non infectee par le VIH, avec parfois un diagnostic plus tardif, une pathologie plus agressive et des comorbidites associees telles que l’immunodepression, responsables d’un pronostic souvent plus pejoratif. De nombreuses etudes se sont interessees au traitement de ces neoplasies associees a l’infection VIH, mais il n’existe pas encore a l’heure actuelle de recommandations precises sur le plan therapeutique. Une attention toute particuliere est a porter sur les interactions entre les traitements antiretroviraux et la chimiotherapie notamment via le cytochrome P 450. A ce titre, un reseau de soins appartenant au groupe des «cancers rares» dont le cœur de l’organisation repose sur une reunion de concertation pluridisciplinaire nationale (CANCERVIH) a ete mis en place en 2013grâce a l’Institut national du cancer (INCa). L’objectif de cette revue est de presenter une actualite scientifique concernant certains cancers associes a l’infection par le VIH, dans leurs aspects cliniques et dans la specificite de leur prise en charge therapeutique.

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) have the advantage of limiting the risk of accidents during installation and are easy to remove. Its use in oncology remains debated because of possible infectious complications. We analyzed 52 PICC in patients with hematological tumor from Nice Hospital. An installation failure was noted in 5.8% of cases. After a follow-up of 15 months, the complication rate was 26.9%, mainly mechanical complications: obstruction (13.5%) or accidental removal (9.6%). The organic complications such as infection or thrombophlebitis represented 3.8%. The median duration was 26 days [2-291]. The longest duration was associated with PICC for chemotherapy (median: 58 days). Frequent blood samples (above: 2 week) were associated with lower duration (median: 23 days). In conclusion, PICC represent a simple and effective alternative to intra-venous central devices in onco-hematology. However, physicians have to focus on short-course treatment.

HDAC, by modifiing relations between DNA and histones, are major proteins of the epigenetic regulation. They play part in the signal transduction and in many cellular processes: cell cycle control, apoptosis, protein degradation, angiogenesis, invasion and cell motility. In several models of cancer HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) are able to up regulate tumor suppressing gene (p53, p21, pRB...) and to down regulate oncogenes (SRC, HIF-Ialpha,HER2...). Many inhibitors are currently in clinical development and promising results have been reported in cutaneous T cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and non-hodgkin lymphoma. Combination with chemotherapy and molecular targeted agents seem to be effective in myeloma, lung cancer and myeloid neoplasms. In this review, we focus on recent biologic and clinical data that highlitght the anti-neoplastic role of HDACIs.

HIV infection is related to an increased risk of cancer compared with general population, both AIDS-defining cancers (Kaposi's sarcoma, non Hodgkin's lymphoma, invasive cervical cancer) and non-AIDS-defining cancers. Although the advent of the highly active antiretroviral therapy era has decreased the Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidences, non-AIDS-defining malignancies, such as lung cancer, hepatocarcinoma, anal cancer and skin cancers, remain a major cause of morbidity and death in the HIV-infected population. The clinical presentation is often different between the infected and non-infected populations, often with a more advanced stage at diagnosis, a more aggressive pathology, and associated morbidities like immunosuppression, leading to poorer outcomes. Numerous studies have focused on HIV-related malignancies' treatment, however specific guidelines are still missing. Practitioners have to be careful with interactions between antiretroviral and antineoplastic drugs, particularly through the cytochrome P 450. Because of this, a national multidisciplinary approach, "Cancer and HIV, " was started in 2013 thanks to the National Institute of Cancer (INCa). The aim of this review is to present a scientific update about AIDS-and non-AIDS-defining malignancies, both in their clinical aspects and regarding their specific therapeutic management.

The anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) code for a receptor tyrosine-kinase. The fusion proteins from the ALK gene have been identified in oncohaematology malignancies including ALK positive anaplastic lymphoma large cell and non small cells lung cancer with EML4-ALK fusion gene. Constitutive activation generated by modification of this protein leads activation of anti apoptotic and survey pathways that makes it a prime target for these 2 subtypes of disease. Strategies and therapeutic molecules targeting the fusion protein are under development and preliminary results are encouraging. Therefore the mapping of the tumors is essential to help provide treatment specific to each entity. The best example is the chronic myeloid leukemia and the discovery of the fusion gene bcr-abl and of imatinib.

Protein kinase C (PKC) are cytoplasmic serine-threonine kinases, analysis of their involvement in oncogenesis is complex. Deregulated expressions of certain PKC can be observed in various tumors, but there is great variability in the roles of these enzymes according isoform or cell type (pro- or anti-proliferative action). Although understanding of the role of PKC in tumor development is still incomplete, different agents are currently evaluated. This review discusses the available data, with special emphasis on clinical outcomes.

The measure number 40 of French Plan against Cancer requires taking into consideration patient's personality and its effect on social relations. However, this psychological impact is different for each cancer. The aim of the present study is to discuss the resulting effects after discovery of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and it's becomes a greater fear of our society. Psychological impact of breast cancer discovery is double: first, it is linked to the bad image of cancer which means suffering and death, then to the good image of breast, symbol of femininity, sexuality and maternity. Considering together these two components can permit to optimize information, listening, help and finally adhesion to treatment. And, if the psycho-oncology is now essential, tomorrow socio-esthetic will come within the framework of more human practice in oncology. Paradoxically, whereas early diagnosis is more frequent and its treatment is improved, breast cancer remains an alarming disease. So, physician can propose since announcement a best utilization of supportive care in order to limit personal and social impact.

Temsirolimus (CCI779), an intravenous analog of rapamycin, presents immunosuppressive properties and also antiproliferative activity. Its principal target is the mTOR serine/threonin kinase which controls the initiation of the transcription of many ARNm implicated in carcinogenesis. Breast cancers, glioblastoma and renal cell carcinoma were particularly studied with response rates from 10 to 20 %. In haematology, mantle-cell lymphoma is of particular interest because of constitutional activation of cyclin D1 (response rate of 40 %). As a whole these data define temsirolimus as a promising new drug. Current and further developments are based on its association with chemotherapy in a concomitant or sequential way.

Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) with Peripheral Blood Stem Cells is widely used as consolidation in lymphoma patients. The rapidity and stability of cell engraftment correlate with the number of CD34+ cells in the autograft. However, whether CD34+ cells should be quantified before or after cryopreservation remains unclear.Of 173 consecutive patients who underwent ASCT in our department from Nov 1, 1995 to Nov 1, 2000, 133 (78 %) were alive without relapse at one year. We report here the results for 106 patients whose hematologic data were available.At one year, the hemoglobin was normal in 47% of the patients, the leukocytes, in 77% and the platelets, in 60%. Only 33% had a normal blood count. We observed a significant correlation between prefreeze and post-thaw CD34+ cell numbers (r = 0.77). However, multivariate analysis using the Cox model with smoothing splines to assess the best cut-off point for these numbers demonstrated that the only independent predictive factor for a normal blood count after one year was a prefreeze number of CD34+ cells above 5.10(6)/kg.An optimal long-term hematologic recovery after ASCT required a number of prefreeze CD34+ cells of at least 5.10(6)/kg.