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• The Cu2+ + DNAzyme logic gate module, activated by miRNAs, integrated with the CFC/GW/Au-Te detection system for precise sEV-miRNA ultratrace identification. • We've created an intelligent sEV-miRNA sensing platform, fusing a low-background, high-performance substrate with branch-strand migration logic gates, achieving remarkable "AND" & "OR" gate detection for capture, recognition, detection, and interpretation. • In clinical samples, sEV-miRNA logic gate module showed good response, aligning with qRT-PCR. This breakthrough outlines nanodevices using nucleic acid markers for precision medicine. Nucleic acid signal amplification technologies and their cascade systems possess powerful ability to amplify signals. However, their application in biological computing, which necessitates a strict logical relationship, requires further investigation. To address this need, we developed a flexible sensing substrate consisting of carbon fiber cloth/graphene walls (CFC/GW), integrated with a 3D DNA tetrahedron (DNA-Te)-assisted bioplatform. This platform serves as the foundation for two types of Boolean logic gates: the "AND" and "OR" gate. The output system of the Cu2+ + DNAzyme logic gate module, activated by multiple miRNAs, was combined with the CFC/GW/Au-Te-based detection system to precisely identify small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-derived miRNAs in ultratrace quantities. Leveraging DNA Te-assisted DNAzyme molecular logic circuits, we designed higher-order Boolean logic operations to effectively identify and accurately read sEV-miRNAs in complex mixed samples. By integrating a material with low-background-signal and high-performance material with the original branch-strand migration logic gate system, we achieved an intelligent sensing platform that integrates capture, recognition, detection, and interpretation of sEV-miRNAs. We successfully demonstrated the response of the logic gate module of sEV-miRNAs in clinical samples, with detection results maintaining high consistency with conventional qRT-PCR methods. Our DNA logic gate platform boasts a simple design, adaptability, expandable complexity, and compatibility with various systems, enabling diverse possibilities for the nucleic acid-based development of intricate transduction networks in biomedical fields. This platform paves the way for more effective diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of diseases, marking a significant advancement in nucleic acid signal amplification technologies and their utilization in biological computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Introduce a flexible multi-biosensing patch for the wound status at the point of care. • Developed bioinspired microfluidic wound exudate collector with a sensor array. • V-shaped posts with fluidic channels enable unidirectional exudate transfer. • Gold nanowire-reduced graphene oxide composite enhances electrochemical sensing. • Sensor's response corrected with pH and T compensation for improved accuracy. A wearable biosensing patch for the monitoring of physiochemical parameters related to chronic wounds presents a promising approach to personalized wound management. Despite considerable advances in multimodal biosensing patches for wound care, fully integrated patches with microfluidic channels to monitor multiple parameters simultaneously are still a challenge. Herein, a flexible multimodal biosensing patch integrated with microfluidic channels is newly proposed. The patch comprises a polar array of seven biosensors fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate. An SU-8-based microfluidic channel with arrowhead micropatterns is formed directly on the sensor via the lithography process. The integration of the microfluidic channels results in a fluid collection efficiency that is increased 6.5 times higher owing to the fluidic diode effect of the micropattern. The sensing platform is functionalized with a gold nanowire-incorporated reduced graphene oxide composite to fabricate an electrochemical biosensor array. This array is used in detecting three metabolites (glucose, lactate, and uric acid), two ions (Na+ and K+), pH, and temperature. The sensor responses are calibrated using a pH- and temperature-compensation algorithm to accurately quantify the analyte concentration and evaluate multi-sensing capability in the rat wound model. Its unique design and multiplexed sensing capacities offer significant advancements in nonhealing wound monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Water immerse-stacking assembly fabricates 3D aerogel membranes. • Aerogel membranes enhance thermal insulation and mechanical strength. • MXene nanosheets are firmly embedded into nanofibers via vacuum-assisted filtration. • 1 mm thick aerogel membranes reduce 300 °C object radiation temperature by 206 °C. • Aerogel membrane flexibility creates outstanding infrared stealth bags. The development of high-performance infrared stealth materials has been a long-standing goal for scientists. Despite their excellent performance, these materials are challenging to fabricate. In this work, a simple water immerse-stacking assembly process is employed to transform two-dimensional nanofiber membranes into three-dimensional aerogel membranes. Directional freezing from different directions induced varied orientations in the polyimide nanofibers (PINF), leading not only to unique anisotropic microstructures and thermal conductivities but also to synergistic enhancements in thermal insulation and mechanical properties. By vacuum-assisted filtration, MXene is embedded into the PINF membrane, resulting in a low emissivity of 0.283 and strong interlayer bonding of the MXene/PINF aerogel membrane without affecting the high and low-temperature resistance, the tensile strength, and the flexibility. Inspired by the art of origami, two types of MXene/PINF aerogel membrane bags are developed. When using one of the bags to cover an object at 130.2 °C, the thermal radiation temperature decreases to 28.9 °C. This study provides a promising approach for designing flexible, high-strength, and efficient infrared stealth composite materials, paving the way for further research and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Flexible and defects-free MMMs possess bi-continuous MOFs pathway. • DA promotes heterogeneous nucleation and growth of ZIF-8 on fiber. • In-situ polymerization intensifies interface affinity between ZIF-8 and PEO. • CO 2 permeability and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity surpass 2019 McKeown upper bound. Highly-loaded metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are essential for high-efficiency gas separation. However, the continuous distribution of MOFs across the membrane with intensified interface remains challenging. Herein, a flexible and defects-free MMM with a bi-continuous MOFs pathway is constructed by dopamine (DA)-assisted MOFs growth along nanofibers. Nanofibers are used to upload and distribute ZIF-8, which continues to grow via an epitaxial growth strategy to obtain ZIF-8 fibers, achieving ZIF-8 continuous both in long and short range. DA promotes heterogeneous nucleation and growth of ZIF-8 on fiber surface by chelating with Zn2+ through –OH and –NH 2 groups. DA also ensures excellent interfacial compatibility by hydrogen bonding interaction between amino groups of DA and ether-oxygen groups of PEO. Finally, the highly-loaded MMM is constructed by in-situ photopolymerization of Poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate) to embrace ZIF-8 fibers tightly. The resultant MMM presents ZIF-8 loading as high as 72.41 vol% with Young's modulus of 33.42 MPa, and unchanged morphology and separation performances after bending for 180° over 50 times, revealing outstanding mechanical properties. The CO 2 permeability and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity are 280.3 % and 73.0 % higher than the PEO membrane, surpassing the 2019 McKeown upper bound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Single flexible structure with dual function of energy storage and sensing. • Continuous monitoring of vital signals by sensors without external power supply. • 3D porous network enhances ion diffusion rate and imparts piezoresistive properties. • Pressure sensing array detects multiple pressures and responds simultaneously. • Integrated self-powered full-scale non-invasive assessment and monitoring system. Continuous monitoring of vital signals through electronic devices, independent of external power supply, is a crucial technology driving the development of wearable electronics as the next generation of medical devices. This study presents a self-powered flexible pressure sensing system, combining a one-piece, three-dimensional (3D) flexible fabric with Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene. The system integrated supercapacitors and pressure sensors, facilitating the monitoring of vital human activities and capturing motion data. The MXene/Zn flexible hybrid supercapacitors with a 3D one-piece fabric structure streamlined the assembly process and offered structural stability with superior rate performance. These supercapacitors exhibited an impressive 94.2 % capacitance retention and 97.1 % coulombic efficiency even after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles. With an energy density of 11.25 μWh/cm2 and a power density of 25 mW/cm2, they were well-suited as a reliable energy source to power pressure sensors. The 3D porous network structure improved the pressure strain sensitivity, and the MXene/SPN flexible pressure sensors, featuring a 3D one-piece fabric structure, exhibited fast response (60 ms), good sensitivity (0.11 kPa−1), and cycling stability (10,000 cycles). They efficiently recognized human joint movements, integrating two fabrics with the same structure into a sensing system with an energy device creates an implantable garment capable of measuring pressure generated by muscle movement during physical activity. The integration of this device holds promising applications in the field of medical monitoring, facilitating long-term non-invasive health assessments and enabling quantitative analysis of chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ultrahigh power factors of >500 and 185 μW m−1 K−2 in p- and n-type hybrid films. • A novel vertically designed high-performance and flexible thermoelectric generator. • Competitive normalized power density of >2.5 μW cm−2 K−2. • Finite element analysis and simulations are introduced to explain the device design. To solve the long-lasting challenge of low thermoelectric performance of flexible thermoelectric device (F-TEG), in this work, we report a three-dimensional vertically structured F-TEG composed of flexible, stable, and high-performing p- and n-type single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based composite films. The p-type SWCNT-based composite film exhibits a high room-temperature power factor of >500 μW m−1 K−2, benefiting from the effective de-doping of the hybridized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using a binary co-doping agent composed of NaHCO 3 and the polar solvent ethylene glycol (EG). Simultaneously, the n-type SWCNT-based film doped with the amine-rich electron donor polyethyleneimine (PEI) is prepared, exhibiting a high room-temperature power factor of 185.4 μW m−1 K−2 and excellent air stability. By employing flexible supporting foam, vertical p-n thermoelectric legs are realized, and the F-TEG based on these legs exhibits a maximum open-circuit voltage of 23.2 mV and a maximum output power of 2.6 μW at a temperature difference of 48 K, demonstrating a competitive normalized power density of >2.5 μW cm−2 K−2, which advances the low-power flexible wearable field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A flexible aqueous Al-ion battery was reported for the first time. • The flexible Al-ion battery exhibits exceptional flexibility and safety. • The Al-ion battery delivers excellent electrochemical cycling stability. • This work paves the way for Al-ion battery application in wearable electronics. With the fast development of flexible and wearable electronics, the design of secondary energy storage system based on aqueous metal ion battery with outstanding flexibility, safety and low cost is critical for their practical application. As low-cost alternatives to lithium ion battery, multivalent metal ion technologies including Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, and Al3+ are investigated increasingly in the past few years. The investigation based on Al-ion chemistry is also underway considering the aluminum's advantages of natural abundance, small ion size together with three-electron-redox properties. Herein, a flexible aqueous Al-ion battery is successfully fabricated for the first time with copper hexacyanoferrate cathode and polypyrrole (PPy) coated MoO 3 anode sandwiched by gel electrolyte. The as-assembled Al-ion battery based on intercalation chemistry exhibits an excellent cycling stability of 83.2% capacity retention after 100 cycles and good rate capability benefiting from the conductive PPy coating layer on MoO 3 anode. Besides, the battery demonstrates impressive flexibility and safety to sustain various deformations and mechanical abuse including bending, squeezing, folding, twisting as well as arbitrary drilling and tailoring into any desired shapes. Obviously, the flexible aqueous Al-ion battery developed in this study paves the way of multivalent metal ion battery as energy storage device towards various wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • CNT film/double side carbon tape/CNT film@MnO 2 (CDC@MnO 2) electrode is fabricated. • CDC@MnO 2 exhibits large voltage window of 0–1.2 V with high MnO 2 mass loading. • CDC@MnO 2 electrode delivers a high area capacitance of 1.1 F cm−2. • A flexible asymmetric supercapacitor CDC@MnO 2 //CDC@Fe 2 O 3 is assembled. • The supercapacitor shows a capacitance of 6.8 F cm−3 with voltage window of 2.1 V. Abstract The need for developing energy storage devices with high energy and power densities has motivated tremendous effort in the research of supercapacitors. Major challenges still exist in improving the working voltage window and specific capacitance of the devices. Here, we report a systematic effort in achieving remarkable supercapacitor performance. Firstly, a flexible CNT film/double side carbon tape/CNT film@MnO 2 (CDC@MnO 2) positive electrode with a large voltage window of 0–1.2 V was fabricated via a facial one-step water bath process. The large interfacial area created by the CDC sandwich structure enabled a high MnO 2 mass loading up to 6.6 mg cm−2, resulting in a high area capacitance of 1.1 F cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2. Secondly, inspired by the superior electrochemical performance of the CDC@MnO 2 positive electrode, a CDC@Fe 2 O 3 film with area capacitance up to 339.1 mF cm−2 was fabricated as the negative electrode. Thirdly, a flexible asymmetric supercapacitor was successfully assembled which possesses a large voltage window of 0–2.1 V, a high volume capacitance of 6.8 F cm−3, and a high energy density of 4.1 mWh cm−3 at the power density of 22.3 mW cm−3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • PET was thiolated by TES molecules to enhance adhesive strength of substrate/film. • Thiol-grafted CNTs by TES molecules with AgNPs to improve interfacial wettability. • AgNPs@CNTs/Ag hybrid films were prepared by an innovative spin-spray method. • Integrated circuit show usage of AgNPs@CNTs/Ag films for flexible electronics. Abstract As the baseplate and hinge of various components for the transmission of circuit signals, the flexible printed circuit (FPC) has become a vital component of flexible electronics. However, the bonding strength of the substrate/film which affects the practical application is usually weak, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), an ideal reinforcement for enhancing metal-based films, show subdued performance for the interfacial wettability problem. Hereon, we presented a method for simultaneously modifying a flexible PET substrate and CNT by the same TES molecules. Consequently, adhesive strength of substrate/film was enhanced effectively to 12 N/cm and the interfacial wettability of CNTs and Ag matrix was improved in the form of coating Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) on thiol-grafted CNTs to change the interface from "CNTs-Ag matrix" type to "AgNPs-Ag matrix" type, distinctly reducing the sheet resistance of hybrid films by 64.5% compared to pristine CNTs/Ag hybrid films and 90.9% to silver films, which mattered of great significance for hybrid films. What's more, based on flexible AgNPs@CNTs/Ag hybrid films, multiple electronic components were integrated and perfectly worked, illustrating the practicability of AgNPs@CNTs/Ag hybrid films for flexible electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Breakthrough demonstration of freestanding flexible high-performance photoanodes. • Uniform growth of ZnO nanowires improves photoelectrochemical performance. • ZnO NW/Ni fiber photoanode produces photocurrent density of 1.14 mA/cm2 at 0.4 V vs Ag/AgCl. • Unique morphology provides exceptional stability even after 1000 bending cycles. Abstract We demonstrate impressive performance of photoanodes comprising ZnO nanowires grown over nickel fibers for efficient water splitting. The photoanode is substrate-free and flexible, exhibiting excellent stability (∼98%) in photocurrent density even after 1000 bending cycles. The hierarchically structured ZnO nanowires on nickel microfibers synergistically provide many accessible electrochemical sites and enhance the photocurrent density to 1.14 mA/cm2 at a voltage of 0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The one- and two-dimensional structures of the ZnO nanowires over nickel microfibers enable an efficient charge-transport mechanism that supports high light-harvesting efficiency. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy are used to study the morphologies of the samples in detail, while X-ray diffraction confirms the metallic state of Ni and the crystallinity of ZnO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Improved chemical deposition endows the fabric with uniform and thin PPy coating. • Change of breathability and comfortability of fabric is negligible after PPy coating. • Sheet resistance is less than 10 Ω sq−1 for PPy-coated fabric. • PPy-coated fabric exhibits stability to organic solvent washing and mechanical deformations. • Large capacitance of 4848 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 for PPy-coated knitted cotton. Abstract High-performance textile electrodes are promising electronic components that can meet the growing demand for wearable applications. In this study, woven and knitted fabrics, such as cotton, wool, silk, and polyester, were transformed into metal-free conducting electrodes by an improved in situ polymerization method. The method improved the conjugate length of the polypyrrole (PPy) molecule and doping levels and provided a thin and dense conductive polymer coating on the fabric surface. The sheet resistance of the resulting textile electrodes was less than 10 Ω sq−1. The PPy-coated textile electrodes contained superior electrical conductivity, without compromising the textiles breathability, flexibility, and comfortability. The tensile strength and wet crease recovery angles of the fabric were significantly improved after the incorporation of PPy onto its surface. The textile electrodes were more stable to organic solvent washing than to water washing. Their conductivities were nearly unchanged after washing in dichloromethane with 20 laundering cycles. The high conductivity of the PPy coating provided textile electrodes with good electrical heating properties. The PPy-coated textile electrodes (knitted cotton) demonstrated the highest specific capacitance of 4848 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2, good cycling stability, and excellent flexibility. This study provided a simple and effective method to transform a commercial textile into wearable electronic components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • A highly foldable anode material was presented. • GeO x and ZnO were uniformly dispersed in mesoporous carbon nanofibers. • The architecture of this composite enhanced its cycling and rate performances. • The fabricated full battery could light an LED when folded twice. Abstract Although certain advantages of high-capacity Ge-based anode materials make them well suited for use in high-performance flexible Li-ion batteries, the lithiation/delithiation–induced volume changes and poor flexibility of these materials limit their application scope. To address this challenge, we herein employ a combination of electrospinning and carbonization to prepare a highly foldable GeO x /ZnO/C (FGCZ) nanofiber composite featuring GeO x and ZnO ultra-uniformly dispersed in mesoporous carbon nanofibers. Specially, we employed carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanofibers to improve the electric conductivity. The abovementioned architecture not only effectively suppresses the volume expansion of GeO x , but also accelerates electron and ion transport, and the as-prepared FGCZ therefore exhibits good cycling performance as a self-supported anode for half-cells, maintaining a discharge capacity of 464 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 after 500 cycles. More importantly, the FGCZ membrane shows excellent foldability and elastic resilience, as exemplified by the fact that a binder-free foldable full cell comprising a commercial flexible LiCoO 2 /carbon nanotube cathode and an FGCZ anode was able to light a light-emitting diode (i) when folded twice and (ii) during the process of dynamic folding. Thus, our work paves the way to the facile fabrication of foldable materials for use in high-energy flexible devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Electrostatic anchoring in situ polymerization synthesizes hybrid electrode materials. • MXene collaboratively with high Th loading enhances specific capacity and cycle stability. • Combining supercapacitors with perovskite solar cells achieves rapid charge storage. Portable photorechargeable supercapacitors hold great promise as ideal power sources for future IoT applications. However, the widespread implementation of supercapacitors is hindered by their suboptimal energy density. Organic electrodes, with their high specific capacity, have become rising stars in the energy storage community. Herein, we pioneer an electrostatic-anchoring in situ polymerization reaction pathway to synthesize MXene-organic hybrid electrode materials. Theoretical calculations show that thionine (Th) is the optimal candidate for grafting onto the pseudocapacitive 2D MXene due to its low energy levels, narrow band gap, and multiple active sites. Multilevel interactions between Th and MXene are established to prevent Th from dissolution, to inhibit the MXene from restacking, and to facilitate electron accumulation in Th, thus enhancing the accessibility/absorption of ions in electrolytes and electrode stability. The hybrid electrodes exhibit a specific capacity as high as 4906.7 mF/cm2 at 1 mA cm−2; more importantly, an integrated asymmetric flexible supercapacitor displays high specific capacity (3183.1 mF/cm2) and large energy density (1432.4 mWh/cm2), all three values are the highest among their respective categories. Combining supercapacitors with all-inorganic perovskite solar cells to achieve rapid charge storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • State-of-art for synthesis of tin oxide-based materials towards supercapacitor applications. • Widespread synthetic routes bare SnO 2 , SnO 2 with composite, metal doped, metal doped composites. • Supercapacitors through single electrode, liquid, solid-state, symmetric, asymmetric modes. • Demonstrating of supercapacitor from small scale to advance wearable applications. • Present challenges with future prospects for SnO 2 based materials for supercapacitor. Increased population causing need of efficient energy storage devices possessing high energy density and environmental friendliness. Electrochemical supercapacitor is one who can fulfil the future demands. In this regard, many materials have been synthesized towards low-cost fabrication process to serve as efficient and effective energy storage supercapacitive devices but not up to the mark in wide-spread applications and commercially large-scale production. Tin oxide is cheap, earth abundant, electrically conductive, and a structurally stable material and poses pseudocapacitive behavior. In this regard, present review explores tin oxide-based materials towards active electrode material for supercapacitor applications. Supercapacitors can be classified as electrochemical double layer (EDLC) behaved where charge store at electrode-electrolyte interface possessing high stability but suffers through low capacitance. Contrary, pseudocapacitive through redox reactions possess high capacitance but suffers through low stability. High stability with high capacitance can be achieved through 'material mutualism' between EDLC and pseudocapacitive behaved materials, where tin oxide behaves as a pseudocapacitive material. Hence, critical review explores not only bare tin oxide material but also its composites with carbon-based materials, polymers, metal oxides, metal sulfides, ternary nanocomposites, and it's doping along with composite formation as well. These are well categorised through wide spread synthetic routes such as hydrothermal, chemical precipitations, electrochemical deposition, spray pyrolysis, chemical bath deposition, successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction, electrospinning, sonochemical, atmospheric pressure plasma jet and thermal evaporation from synthesis, characterization to application part. Supercapacitors through single electrode, liquid and solid-state configured symmetric and asymmetric devices have been well explored along with highlights for the future scope inclusive of flexible and wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Cu 2 Se nanobrush was prepared and exhibits high capacitance of 425 F g−1. • NiCo 2 O 4 microspheres was prepared and exhibits high capacitance of 1128 F g−1. • The FAS exhibits high potential (1.8 V) and capacitance of 130.4 F g−1. • The FAS maintains stable performance at 0–90° bending states. Abstract Flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (FAS) has recently attracted increasing interest due to an application potential in wearable device. However, its relatively lower potential and capacitance are still limited practical applications, owing to the challenges in the rational combination of asymmetric electrode materials with sophisticated nanostructure. Herein, a kind of Cu 2 Se nanobrush cathode material was designed and synthesized, and delivered an enhanced capacitance of 425 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1. In addition, an anode material of NiCo 2 O 4 with hydrangea-like microspheres was also prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The as-prepared electrode shows a much higher specific (areal) capacitance of 1128 F g−1 (3.8 F cm−2). A FAS was fabricated by Cu 2 Se cathode and NiCo 2 O 4 anode on a Au-coated polyimide. As a result, the device exhibit a high potential window up to 1.8 V, high capacitance of 130.4 F g−1, and maximum energy density of 21.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 2.02 kW kg−1. Furthermore, the FAS shows good flexibility and can withstand bending at 0–90° while keeping electrochemical performance constant after 6000 cycles. Such an impressive FAS based on asymmetric electrode with nanostructure would be a promising candidate for using in wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • A restorable hydrogel electrolyte of PVA-g-GTMAC is prepared. • An AFS was fabricated using PPy//Ni 3 S 2 -CF as the electrode. • The particular flexible AFS exhibits high capacitance of 5.2 F cm−2. • The AFS maintains stable performance after50 breaking/healing cycles. Abstract Due to flexible design and good application potential in wearable electronics, the flexible asymmetric fibered-supercapacitor (AFS) has recently attracted increasing interest. However, practical applications of AFS is still facing challenges such a low flexibility, poor capacitance and physical damage. Here, a self-healable asymmetric fibered-supercapacitor based on PPy//Ni 3 S 2 electrodes and self-healing electrolyte is reported. Especially, this inorganic nanosheets and conducting polymer asymmetric electrodes help the device to exhibit a wide potential window of 1.8 V and a high areal capacitance of 5.2 F cm−2, meanwhile, it can exhibit good flexibility and maintain stable capacitance performance under bending and folding state. Interestingly, the AFS can quickly restore its capacitive performance during all 50 breaking/healing cycles, this goal is achieved by integrating diol-borate in the electrolyte into electrodes by forming hydrogen bonds. All of the above results prove the potential self-healing energy storage devices application of the AFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • CC@CoMoO 4 @NiCo-LDH core-shell heterostructured nanowire arrays were prepared as flexible supercapacitor electrode. • The CC@CoMoO 4 @NiCo-LDH electrode exhibited remarkable specific capacitance and high-rate capability. • A flexible all-solid-state ASC device based on CC@CoMoO 4 @NiCo-LDH was fabricated. Abstract Flexible and lightweight wire-shaped supercapacitors are important energy storage devices used for portable or wearable electronics. However, practical applications of flexible supercapacitors are still limited by the relatively poor performances. Herein, the hierarchical carbon cloth@CoMoO 4 @NiCo-LDH core-shell nanowire arrays supported have been synthesized via a facile two-step hydrothermal route coupled with annealing treatment. In addition, a possible mechanism for the growth of NiCo-LDH nanosheets (NSs) shell onto CoMoO 4 nanowires (NWs) core is put forward based on the time-dependent experiments. The CC@CoMoO 4 @NiCo-LDH-12 h electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 2024 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, with 80.3% retention of the initial specific capacitance at 20 A g−1 and outstanding cycling stability. In addition, we have fabricated a flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) which achieves a maximum energy density of 59.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1 and long-term cycling stability (89.7% device capacitance retention over 5000 cycles). The remarkable electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the rational combination of two electroactive materials and the reasonable array configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible and stretchable all-solid-state supercapacitors are of considerable interest as promising energy storage devices for wearable electronics. Although considerable effort has been devoted to investigate flexible and stretchable supercapacitors, challenges remain in developing supercapacitors with the combination of flexibility, high stretchability and excellent electrochemical performance. In this study, we fabricate highly stretchable electrodes based on a graphene foam/polypyrrole composite through the chemical vapor deposition method and chemical interfacial polymerization method. Because the tensile strain applied to the polypyrrole network is shared by the structural deformation of the graphene foam, the graphene/polypyrrole composite can effectively accommodate the stretching deformation without a significant decay in conductivity. Benefiting from these superior features, an all-solid-state supercapacitor assembled with graphene/polypyrrole compact film electrodes shows a high areal specific capacitance of 258 mF cm −2 , energy density of 22.9 μWh cm −2 at a power density of 0.56 mW cm −2 and excellent flexibility (180°) and stretchability (50% strain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among numerous active electrode materials, transition metal oxides are promising electrode materials in supercapacitors. Here, we fabricated amorphous nickel oxide and crystalline manganese oxide nanocomposite positive electrode for transparent and flexible supercapacitor. The nanocomposite was prepared via a two-step method. First, the amorphous nickel oxide film was prepared using a room-temperature chemical solution deposition and photochemical method. UV light irradiation causes condensation and densification of nickel oxide film by photochemical activation at room temperature. Second, the crystalline manganese oxide was prepared by chemical bath deposition method. The synergistic effect of the two components provides high electrochemical activity. A high-performance, transparent and flexible asymmetric supercapacitor was made of the nanocomposite positive electrode and worked in a wide voltage window of 1.2 V. An area capacitance of 48.1 mF/cm 2 and an energy density of 9.62 µWh/cm 2 at a power density of 28.9 µW/cm 2 were achieved. After a 10,000 cycles, the capacitance of the device retains about 90% of its initial value. The high integrated electrochemical performances of the device were attributed to higher storage and transport capacity of the nanocomposite for both ions and electrons. These findings make amorphous and crystalline transition metal oxide nanocomposites as advanced electrode materials for transparent and flexible supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible power packs combining a flexible photovoltaic part with a wearable all-solid-state supercapacitor as the self-sustaining energy system to power wearable device have attracted great interest due to the increasing demands for green energy and the tendency for multi-functionalization in electronics industry. To meet this energy requirement, we report an asymmetric all-solid-state supercapacitor, then integrate with commercial flexible solar cells to develop a self-sustaining power pack. In view of comfort for wearable electronics, cotton-textile radiation-proof clothes commonly used for pregnant woman cloth (PWC) are selected as the flexible substrate to construct wearable energy storage devices, which have the properties of flexible, green, renewable, breathable and excellent conductivity. Experimental tests demonstrate that the wearable asymmetric supercapacitors with high power density and relatively large energy density, fast charge/discharge capability, light-weight, excellent reliability and flexibility can enable the solar energy captured from the environment to afford a continuous and stable output of electric power and diminish the solar energy fluctuations. The supercapacitor is assembled with the Co–Ni layered double hydroxides (Co-Ni LDH) nanosheets as the positive electrode and the FeOOH as the negative electrode. Furthermore, the fabricated self-sustaining power pack as the energy source can continuously power the press sensor for monitoring the human physiological signals regardless of the sunlight fluctuation, demonstrating its potential usage in future wearable and portable electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-powered electronic sensors and devices are suitable for use in applications such as health monitoring and information collection under battery-free conditions. Thermoelectric (TE) materials can utilize the temperature difference between the body and environment to achieve self-power. In this work, a flexible cellulose-based TE sponge (CP:PP sponge) was prepared via the electrostatic assembly of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on cellulose sponges crosslinked with branched polyethylenimine (CP sponge). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the adsorption of the PEDOT:PSS onto the CP sponge. The 3D structures, which were composed of thin sheets, typical of cellulose sponges, were maintained within the CP:PP sponges. These CP:PP sponges exhibited reasonable piezoresistive characteristics and excellent flexibility. Upon the application of several press-release cycles, the resistance varied without attenuation. It was demonstrated that the electrical conductivity of the sponge could be enhanced from 2 mS/cm to 6.7 mS/cm via further assembly of the PEDOT:PSS using an immersive layer-by-layer (LbL) strategy, and the thermal conductivity was maintained as 0.0449 W/mK. The maximum figure-of-merit (ZT) value was 1.88 × 10 −6 at 310 K. A TE generator was fabricated by sandwiching the as-prepared CP:PP sponge, with enhanced electric conductivity and inherent low thermal conductivity, between commercial cotton fabrics. At an ambient temperature of 291 K, the device was shown to generate a voltage of 0.3 mV when one side of the device was attached to forearm skin (307 K). Such CP:PP sponges could potentially be used in artificial intelligence products or remote medical monitoring devices as general, flexible thermal energy harvesting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Single phase of (Zr 0.2 Hf 0.2 Ti 0.2 Gd 0.2 Y 0.2)O 2-δ high-entropy fibers was developed. • The fibers have grain refinement and lattice distortions under high temperatures. • The fibers show excellent flexibility, strength and thermal insulation properties. • The maximum operating temperature of ZHTGY fibers is 1400 °C. Single-component oxide fibers encounter various issues, including grain transition growth and mechanical property degradation at high temperatures, which restrict their potential usage for high-temperature applications. The unique properties of high-entropy materials, including lattice distortion, sluggish diffusion, and cocktail effects, can effectively maintain small grains and excellent mechanical properties even in extreme conditions. Therefore, developing high-entropy oxide fibers provides a dependable solution to address the issues associated with single-component fibers. This paper successfully obtained the (Zr 0.2 Hf 0.2 Ti 0.2 Gd 0.2 Y 0.2)O 2-δ (ZHTGY) high-entropy oxide fibers by commencing from molecular design. Compared to other high entropy oxide materials, ZHTGY fibers exhibit a low crystallization temperature of 700 °C and exceptional high-temperature stability with no phase changes observed from RT to 1500 °C. In addition, the ZHTGY fiber membranes exhibit a density of merely 33 mg·cm−3, a tensile strength of 2.73 MPa@1000 °C, excellent flexibility, knot-free and fold-free properties, as well as the ability to bend freely even in environments with butane flame or liquid nitrogen. The ZHTGY fiber membranes have excellent thermal insulation properties due to their ultra-low density and high-temperature structural stability. With a thermal conductivity of only 25.7 mW·m−1K−1, an 8 mm thick sample laminated with these fiber membranes can reduce the temperature of a 1370 °C heat source to just 320 °C. The fiber membranes maintain good flexibility and strength even after heat treatment at 1200 °C for 50 h and 1400 °C for 180 s. This study provides a novel approach for preparing high-entropy oxidation fibers, thereby enabling the development of lightweight high-temperature thermal protection materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of flexible TNO/rGO@NC anode by high pressure solvothermal method. • TNO/rGO@NC anode with adjustable areal mass-loading achieves ultrahigh areal capacity. • HGS cathode with high surface area and abundant mesopores shows superior capacitance. • Assembled LIC without metal collector and binder achieves high energy/power density. Flexible power sources are a vital component for smart and wearable electronics. The portability and functionality of these devices are limited by the size, weight, and flexibility of the available batteries. Herein, using the high-pressure solvothermal method, we explored the controllable mass-loading of active materials for flexible lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) and a representative of "PDA-carbon encapsulated reduced graphene oxide supported Ti 2 Nb 10 O 29 " (TNO/rGO@NC) anode and "three-dimensional holey graphene sheets" (HGS) cathode. When using a commercial application mass-loading level of 10.5 mg cm−2 for study, the TNO/rGO@NC anode achieves a high specific areal capacity of 2.4 mAh cm−2 at 0.5C, and 1.2 mAh cm−2 at an ultra-high rate of 50C, while maintaining 92.4% of initial capacity over 500 cycles at 10C. For the cathode part, the HGS shows 125 mAh g−1 at 1C and no degeneration after 1500 cycles. The assembled LICs achieves a high power density of 6230 kW kg−1 with 123 Wh kg−1 energy density, and good cycling retention of 82.2 % over 1000 cycles at 10C in 0.5–4.0 V. The advantages of flexibility, facile shape design, high mass-loading, high energy/power densities make it a promising energy-storage candidate for wearable and smart electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A biofuel-assisted flame treatment method to create a hierarchical rough surface. • Thorough parameter investigation for superhydrophobic, transparent, flexible PDMS. • Developed surface have 5 times lower water droplet adhesion than lotus leaf. • Superimposed micro-nano result in ultimate de-wetting. • Films retain de-wettability during distortion, exhibiting flexibility and stability. The performance of multiple engineering systems including solar panels, flexible electronics, optical equipments and devices is limited due to atmospheric contamination. Pollutant and salt-laden aerosol and rain causes enourmous loss of functionality to multiple engineering systems. In the present work, we developed flexible, semi-transparent and durable superhydrophobic films for complex geometrical shapes. We showed that an environmental and simple biofuel-based flame treatment can be effectively tailored to develop durable superhydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films within a minute through tuned motion, without any pre-treatment. The treatment of PDMS results in the formation of Coral-like wrinkled morphology decorated with in-situ synthesized functionalized nano silica particles. The processing conditions are tuned to generate a hierarchically structured surface with utmost dewetting to water (θ > 160°), and other liquids including blood, with low hysteresis (<5°) and sliding angles (<5°). The adhesion with water is extremely low (∼2 μN) and better than that of the Lotus leaf (∼10 μN). This extreme dewetting and low adhesion characteristics are attributed to the Coral-like structures formed from agglomerated nano silica particles endowing negative capillary pressure of more than 14 MPa. The developed films showed excellent resistance to harsh physical and chemical environments with no signs of severe damage, sustaining more than 20,000 droplet impacts and more than one year weathering. The developed superhydrophobic flexible, durable, and semi-transparent films can be used for devising non-wettable self-cleaning structures, even with intricate shapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This work designed Ni 35 Cu 15 Zr 15 Ti 35 MG ribbon as a dealloying precursor. • Flexible porous Cu x O/NiO photo-assisted hybrid electrode was synthesized. • The photoelectrode exhibits an intriguing multi-layered porous architecture. • The photoelectrode demonstrates the enhanced energy storage with light radiation. • The mechanism of photo-assisted charging supercapacitors was investigated. With the utilization of sustainable sunlight efficiently, it is of paramount important to develop a new type of electrode for boosting photo-assisted supercapacitor performance. Herein, this work originally designs the Ni 35 Cu 15 Zr 15 Ti 35 metallic glass (MG) ribbon as dealloying precursor. Benefiting from the different oxidation behavior of Ni and Cu metals during the dealloying and anodizing processes, a new type of multi-layered porous hybrid photoelectrode (namely Cu x O/np-NiCu@NiCuO/MG, x = 1, 2) that simultaneously achieve the flexible, hierarchical porous structure as well as the NiO/Cu 2 O heterojunction, are successfully synthesized. An intriguing multi-layered structure consists of the outermost photosensitive Cu x O nanowire layer formed by the anodizing technique, the nanoporous NiCu@NiCuO layer just beneath the nanowire layer via the dealloying as well as the glass central layer offering an excellent flexibility. In particular, 3D interconnected hierarchical porous structure is benefit to the penetration and utilization of visible light efficiently. The photoelectrode demonstrates a maximum specific capacitance of 1182.2 F cm−3 with light irradiation, which is 18% higher than that without light. This photo-assisting charging for the supercapacitor is ascribed to the combination of photosensitive Cu x O and pseudocapacitive NiO components. Moreover, the photoelectrode exhibits an excellent flexibility and the photocurrent response is basically unchanged after bending for 1000 times. The aqueous supercapacitor shows a maximum energy density of 44.9 mWh cm−3 under light. This work provides new insights into the development of next generation wearable photo-assisted supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 3D microwave absorption textiles are constructed by polyamide@carbon/Fe 3 O 4 fibers. • Impedance matching and destructive interference are realized through weaving. • Microwave absorption performance is tailored by the size of the pyramid structure. • A large-scalable strategy is proposed to construct flexible microwave absorbers. • The 3D microwave absorption textiles possess high overall performance. Most of the existing flexible microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) are in forms of nonwoven or woven composites. However, the nonwoven ones always show the poor mechanical properties and the woven ones normally involve with the complex fabrication processes and present heavy weight (>1.0 g/cm3), large thickness (>4.0 mm), and impermeability, which greatly hinder their wearable applications. Herein, a scalable 3D textile with hierarchically functionalized pyramidal units using the polyamide@carbon/Fe 3 O 4 fibers (PCF) was successfully fabricated via a simple combined process of melt-spinning and three-dimensional (3D) weaving technologies. The core-sheath PCF can be continuously fabricated with a high production rate of 6000 m/min using pristine polyamide as core and the modified polyamide doped with carbon black and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles as sheath. As a result, the as-prepared PCF are easily woven into various 3D textiles with pyramid periodic and impedance matching-lossy-dielectric multilayer structures, simultaneously achieving the impedance gradient and destructive interference. More importantly, changing the size of pyramid structures can tailor the microwave absorption performance. Consequently, the high-density polyamide@carbon/Fe 3 O 4 textile has high-efficiency microwave absorption ability, showing lightweight (0.3 g/cm3), small-thickness (3.2 mm), strong (-47.51 dB), and broadband (5.2 GHz). Besides, the 3D structures endowed the textile with excellent mechanical property, superior flexibility, outstanding breathability and good heat insulation property, which is better than similar MAMs. This work provides a promising strategy for facile and large-scalable production of microwave absorption textiles with high overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible supercapacitors are important energy storage devices used for wearable and smart electronics. The key to fabricating flexible supercapacitors lies in the acquirement of flexible electrodes. However, design and fabrication of flexible electrodes with both high energy and power densities as well as long cycling life is still a challenge work. Herein, a novel flexible supercapacitor electrode composed of hierarchical FeCo 2 O 4 @NiCo-LDH core/shell heterostructures on carbon cloth is reported by a facile and cost-effective method. The electrode exhibits a remarkable specific capacitance of 2426 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 , and ultrahigh rate capability with 72.5% capacitance retention at 20 A g −1 , as well as excellent cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 91.6% after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the FeCo 2 O 4 @NiCo-LDH/CC as the positive electrode, active carbon as the negative electrode, and PVA-KOH gel as both the solid state electrolyte and separator were assembled into flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor. The resulting FeCo 2 O 4 @NiCo-LDH//AC ASC device exhibits a maximum energy density of 94.9 Wh kg −1 , and a favorable energy density of 66.5 Wh kg −1 is still achieved at a high power density of 1.6 kW kg −1 , as well as excellent cycling stability of 88.2% after 5000 cycles. Moreover, the ASC device exhibits outstanding flexible and reliability with no degradation under large twisting, which can light one red LED indicators efficiently. The work presented herein hold promise in energy storage for future portable and wearable electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of flexible electronics requires the power sources with matchable flexibility, robust mechanic property, as well as high power and energy density that would maintain the durability of flexible electronics during use. Herein, newly designed free-standing N-doped carbon films with hierarchical structure of carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes (CNFs/CNTs hybrids) are prepared via a simple electrospinning process. This interconnected hybrid film displays high conductivity and excellent flexibility. As a free-standing and binder-free anode material, the CNFs/CNTs hybrid electrode can achieve a reversible capacity of 1099.5 mAh g −1 at a current density of 0.05 A g −1 with superior rate capabilities and excellent cyclic stability. What's more, utilizing the CNFs/CNTs hybrid film as the electrode, this assembled highly flexible half and full batteries also show attractive performances and can easily light up a group of 12 light emission diodes at flat and various bending positions, making it possible to be applied in the flexible electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible and asymmetric fibered-supercapacitor (AFS) has recently attracted increasing interests, due to versatilities of the device design and its potential applications in wearable electronics. However, its relatively poor performances are still limited practical applications. Herein, due to high capacitance resulting form the redox character of the unique Co 3 O 4 @PPy core-shell nanorod arrays, an AFS is fabricated using these materials as the positive electrode and active carbon fiber (ACF) as the negative electrode. Especially, the large work function difference between Co 3 O 4 @PPy core-shell nanorod and ACF help the AFS to exhibit a wide potential window of 1.5 V and a high areal capacitance of 1.02 F cm −2 . As a result, the AFS exhibits excellent supercapacitive performances with a high energy density of 1.151 mW h cm −2 at a power density of 1.15 mW cm −2 and a perfect stability after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 50 mA cm −2 , meanwhile, the AFS shows good flexibility and could withstand the bending test. The remarkable electrochemical and flexible properties of AFS can be extended to the fabrication of flexible wearable micro energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of NiCo 2 S 4 as electroactive material has been well reported, however, fabricating a NiCo 2 S 4 electrode with excellent electrochemical performance at high current density remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a supercapacitor electrode comprising petal-like NiCo 2 S 4 /Polyaniline (PANI) nanosheets via a simple hydrothermal route coupled with a chemical oxidative polymerization. Benefiting from the integration of PANI, which greatly enhance ion-accessibility and lead to more efficient charge transportation, the resultant NiCo 2 S 4 /PANI electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 1879 F g −1 at a current density of 1 A g −1 and an excellent rate capability of 72% at 20 A g −1 , after 2000 cycles, only 8.9% loss of initial capacitance at a high charge/discharge current density of 8 A g −1 . Moreover, a flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor was successfully assembled using NiCo 2 S 4 /PANI as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode, the assembled device exhibits a superior energy density of 54.06 Wh kg −1 at 0.79 kW kg −1 , outstanding power density of 27.1 kW kg −1 at 15.9 Wh kg −1 , which significantly transcending those of most previously reported. This study shows that the prepared NiCo 2 S 4 /PANI electrode offers great potential in energy storage device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An extremely safe and flexible quasi-solid-state ZHSC was built by a scalable, thin, and high-performance hierarchical gel electrolyte. • The PAN/PAM@Zn(CF 3 SO 3) 2 gel electrolyte exhibit superior ionic conductivity and anti-dendrite capability due to the unique structure and functional group. • Benefiting from the unique interface and superior electrochemical performance of the well-designed electrolyte, the Zn//Zn symmetric cell can stably work up to 2250 h without obvious overpotential rise or short circuit. • The quasi-solid-state ZHSC yields a high energy density (132.5 Wh kg−1) and an excellent cycling stability (100% capacity retention after 15 000 cycles at 10.0 A/g). • The flexible ZHSC can continuously work under various extreme conditions, such as hammering, burning, washing, cutting, bending and piercing. High performance and low cost energy storage electronic equipments, together with flexibility and safety, is a major progress in portable and wearable electronics. Unfortunately, flexible batteries are greatly limited due to their inherent cost and safety drawbacks. Herein, we build an extremely safe and flexible quasi-solid-state zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor (ZHSC) by a scalable, thin, and high-performance hierarchical gel electrolyte including the electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix, polyacrylamide (PAM) and zinc salt. Benefiting from the unique interface and superior electrochemical performance of the well-designed electrolyte, the flexible ZHSC achieves a high energy density and power density (132.5 Wh kg−1 and 1244.4 W kg−1, respectively), high specific capacity (106.0 mAh/g at 1.0 A/g) and prominent cycling stability (100% capacity retention after 15 000 cycles at 10.0 A/g). More importantly, the quasi-solid-state ZHSC exhibits an extreme safety and a high wearability outperforming traditional flexible batteries and can continuously work in various extreme conditions, such as hammering, burning, washing, cutting, bending and piercing. It is believed that this hierarchical structured gel electrolyte provides a new platform and pave the way for flexible and wearable electronics with high performance and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A simple non-solvent induced separation method to construct vertical aligned BN skeleton. • Enhanced interfacial thermal transport between adjacent fillers by in-situ welding strategy. • Compressible and soft composite film with ultrahigh through-plane thermal conductivity and low contact thermal resistance. • Decreased CPU core temperature with composite film as thermal interface material. Polymer-hexagonal boron nitride (BN) composite has become an ideal thermal interface material (TIM) for electronic devices because of its high thermal conductivity and superior electronic insulation. However, owing to the 2D shape and chemical inertness of BN filler, the vertical alignment of BN and the huge thermal resistance are current challenges, which hinder the efficient heat transfer of polymer/BN composites. Herein, by a novel non-solvent induced phase separation process combined " in-situ welding" strategy, we present the fabrication of silicone rubber film with finger-like continuous BN-welded filler skeleton, which reveals a high through-plane thermal conductivity of 15.4 W m−1K−1 at only ∼ 15 wt% BN. Finite element simulation and nonlinear model analyses theoretically confirm that the filler-to-filler interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) is halved after in-situ welding process. In addition, thanks to the excellent compressibility and conformability of silicon rubber matrix, the contact thermal resistance (<70 Kmm2W−1) of this composite film is much lower than that of the commercial thermal pad under different pressure. The proposed strategy opens up a novel and high-throughput preparation strategy for the high-performance TIM for modern electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The carbon spheres were introduced to effectively prevent the V-based structure from collapsing. • The oxygen defects were induced in Zn 3 V 3 O 8 to provide capacity for zinc ion storage. • Flexible CS@ZVO//Zn battery with PAM/SA/MXene hydrogel electrolyte was constructed. Bimetallic oxides have received extensive attention as cathode materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their effective multi-electron storage mechanism. However, their capacity still falls short of the current demand. In this study, through reasonable structural design, we synthesized spherical glucose-derived carbon-regulated defect state Zn 3 V 3 O 8 (ZVO) bimetallic oxide (CS@ZVO) cathode. Such a design avoids the layered accumulation of electrode materials, which prevents the structural collapse during the cycle process, leading to a significant improvement in the cycle stability of AZIBs. Additionally, the introduction of glucose-derived carbon can shift the valence state of vanadium in the ZVO bimetallic oxide cathode towards reduction, thereby significantly improving its Zn-ion storage capacity. The resulting CS@ZVO cathode manifests a high discharge capacity of 154 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 100 cycles and a stable lifespan of 2000 cycles at 5 A g−1. We also constructed a flexible and foldable AZIB using a hydrogel electrolyte, which operates with a specific capacity of up to 230 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and can be bent and folded arbitrarily when working. This strategy for regulating the valence state of bimetallic oxides offers a promising path for the development of cathode materials in flexible AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel flexible thermal management phase change films (PCPU/mCNTs) was designed. • PCPU/mCNTs exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity and low electrical conductivity. • PCPU/mCNTs films can prevent electronics from being overheated. • PCPU/mCNTs films can be remodeled and recycled. With the continuous miniaturization and integration of electronic devices, electronics needs more advanced thermal management technology and materials to solve thermal failure problem. In this aspect, phase change materials (PCMs) exhibit great prospect in electronic thermal management due to its excellent temperature control properties. However, how to give PCMs high heat transfer performance and flexibility while maintaining low electrical conductivity is still a great challenge. Herein, we designed the alkylated modified carbon nanotubes (mCNTs) into the phase change polyurethane (PCPU) system. Based on the high junction resistance and thermal conductivity properties of mCNTs, PCPU/mCNTs exhibit enhanced thermal conductivities and high electrical resistance. Meanwhile, the phase change segment in polyurethane was used as soft segment, which endows it excellent flexibility, thus achieving effective contact with the applied matrix and conducive to heat transfer. The PCPU/mCNTs films are holding great potential for electronic thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An ultrafast flexible SC is demonstrated with electropolymerized PEDOT:PSS. • PEDOT:PSS flexible SC exhibits high volumetric capacitance of 38F cm−3 at 120 Hz. • PEDOT:PSS flexible SC exhibits an ultrafast response speed. • PEDOT:PSS flexible SC provides excellent mechanical flexibility and durability. Flexible supercapacitors are among the most important power supply devices for fulfilling the energy/power demands of future flexible and wearable electronics. While significant achievements have been made in improving the energy density of the flexible supercapacitors, ultrafast flexible supercapacitors remain in their infancy. Herein, an ultrafast flexible supercapacitor with outstanding capacitance is demonstrated based on the facile, one-step electropolymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). In comparison to the state-of-the-art all-solid-state ultrafast flexible supercapacitors, the as-fabricated flexible PEDOT:PSS-based supercapacitor provides the highest volumetric capacitance of 38 F cm−3 in the high-frequency regime (e.g., 120 Hz) while maintaining a sufficient ultrafast response speed for 60-Hz AC line filtering applications. In addition, the electropolymerized PEDOT:PSS flexible supercapacitor provides excellent mechanical flexibility, with bending radii of 4.0–0.6 mm, and durability, with an ∼ 94% capacitance retention after 1,000 bending cycles. The high processability and outstanding electrochemical/mechanical performance are expected to contribute greatly towards the further development of high-performance ultrafast flexible supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Chitosan demonstrates promising potential for recyclable electronic substrates. • The film exhibits remarkable strength of 53 MPa and high transmittance of 90.15%. • This chitosan film is directly manufactured by a roll-forming method. • The plasticizer ionic liquid can be recycled. Chitosan materials perform a great potential for applications in sustainable and flexible electronics, owing to their abundance, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. While limited by the inherent shortcoming of having a melting temperature higher than its degradation temperature, chitosan is hard to be manufactured by traditional thermoforming or solvent-free methods. Herein, we demonstrated a tractable roll-forming method to process chitosan films under the plasticizing effect of ionic liquids. In particular, the additional ionic liquids could be removed by Soxhlet extraction and then recycled toward sustainability. The final regenerated chitosan films exhibited outstanding strength (53.1 MPa), high elongation (3.5%) and hardness (0.4 GPa). Simultaneously, the successful fabrication of interdigital electrode sensors on the chitosan film indicated the feasibility of manufacturing flexible electronics using chitosan substrates. Thus, our innovative strategy enables the sustainable formation of high-performance chitosan films, offering a broader prospect for the new generation of chitosan-based biodegradable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel hybrid aerogel-based fabric and its clothing with broadband electromagnetic wave (EMW) management capabilities are fabricated. • The nanotape-enabled multi-crosslinked hybridization strategy gives the fabric superflexibility, hyperelasticity, and breathability. • The effectiveness of the clothing in the EMI shielding and IR thermal camouflage fields is demonstrated conceptually. As problematic interference from electromagnetic waves (EMWs) in modern human life continues to increase, broadband EMW management aerogels have received extensive attention in the safety and thermal management fields, but the mismatch in terms of their mechanical flexibility and functionality has limited their application. This work reports an ultra-lightweight (8.7 mg cm−3), superflexible, hyperelastic (≥95% strain), and superhydrophobic (contact angle: 157°) wearable hybrid aerogel-based fabric that offers both electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and infrared (IR) shielding functions. A nanotape-enabled multi-crosslinked hybridization strategy, in which freeze-drying-initiated hydrophobic -Si-O-Si- nanotape welds weak bacterial nanocellulose-silver nanowire interfaces perfectly, gives the fabric outstanding mechanical properties. Optimized synergy gain engineering between the metal and the semiconductor (antimony tin oxide nanoparticles) produces significant enhancements in the electrical conductivity (502.46 S m−1), the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE, 100 dB), and the IR shielding performance (ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.025 W m−1 K−1) of the fabric. The hybrid aerogel-based fabric is fabricated into broadband EMW management clothing, which has excellent prospects for safety and thermal management applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Actively manipulated Ga growth profile for fabricating high-quality CIGS films on flexible PI substrates. • A reasonable GGI double grading with a large grain size could be accomplished at the same time. • A tiny amount of Ag-doping CIGS absorber could improve the flexible device's performance even more. • A champion efficiency of 21.56 % was achieved for an all-flexible 4 T perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cells. A tandem solar device is the most promising approach for overcoming the single-junction Shockley-Queisser limit, as it can also be manufactured on flexible substrates and is cost-effective and lightweight for a wider range of applications. As is well known, developing high-performance flexible CIGS solar cells is a crucial prerequisite for realizing high-quality tandem devices. To increase the performance of flexible CIGS solar cells, a unique Ga growth profile was created and built in this study, which co-evaporated with Cu and Se in the second step of the well-known "three-step co-evaporation technique." The best flexible CIGS solar cell with a thickness of around 1.6 μm achieves an impressive efficiency of 18.93 %, not only because a decent double GGI grading can be made, but also the overall grain can be enlarged, which is always difficult to combine well in the past. Finally, an all-flexible 4-terminal (4 T) perovskite/CIGS tandem device was fabricated and demonstrated over 21.5 % efficiency, the highest efficiency of all-flexible perovskite/CIGS tandem solar cells reported in the literature to the best of our knowledge. This study could pave the way for the fabrication of high-quality CIGS thin films and solar devices on flexible polymer substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A superhydrophobic GNWs/UV films was demonstrated via a two-step transfer method. • The GNWs/UV films can shield electromagnetic interference and detect infrared. • The flexible GNWs/UV films possess excellent chemical and mechanical stability. The growing need for flexible electronic devices has triggered substantial research efforts toward multifunctional surfaces. Herein, flexible and superhydrophobic surfaces based on micro-nanoscale two-tier structures were prepared by combining graphene nanowalls (GNWs) with UV-curable adhesive polymer using a two-step transfer method. These GNWs/UVA surfaces show excellent superhydrophobic properties with a water contact angle (CA) above 170° and a rolling angle (RA) below 5°. The superhydrophobic properties are retained with extreme liquid repellency even after thousand times of bending. The surfaces are highly conductive (conductivity > 3000 S/m) and provide excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effect over the range of 8.2–12.4 GHz (X-band). Moreover, the surfaces exhibit high average infrared (IR) absorption up to 85 % in the range of 2–20 μm, indicating good performance in IR shielding. Furthermore, a long-wave IR photodetector with flexible hydrophobic GNWs/UVA was prepared, which has a responsivity of 28 μA/W at room temperature. The IR photodetector also has good water resistance stability. The methodology reported here provides a new route to fabricate micro-nano structures for multifunctional superhydrophobic surfaces. It has great potential for myriad applications in commercially viable flexible electronics, EMI protection, and IR photodetection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A cocklebur structured fiber design was developed for polypyrrole modified fibers. • Formation of fibrous polypyrrole on the modified-fiber surface with high yield. • An all-in-one paper supercapacitor was produced with the papermaking technology. • Electrodes and separator were integrated by the inter-layer bonding of paper. In the era of miniaturization, low-cost, high mechanical stability and lightweight are the pre-requisites for the commercialization of smart-wearable supercapacitors (SCs). For this purpose, light-weight, binder-free, sustainable cellulose based thin-films with conductive polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) have attained considerable attention. However, the delamination of the conductive materials in sandwich-type structures of SCs, particularly during the cyclic bending process at high current densities, is a great challenge for wearable SCs. To circumvent the problem of delamination of conductive materials, multi-layer forming concept that consists of three sequential steps (forming, pressing and drying) in papermaking technology has inspired us to prepare mechanically ultra-stable paper electrodes towards for wearable SCs. For this reason, we firstly adopted the multi-layer concept to design all-in-one paper flexible SCs by integrating PPy-modified cellulose fibers as electrodes, and un-modified cellulose paper as a separator. More importantly, a cocklebur like structure of PPy-modified cellulose fiber has been attained by the virtue of the strong inter-molecular hydrogen bonding between free hydroxyl groups on the surface cellulose fibers and PPy, resulting in increased PPy loading, and thus enhancing the electrochemical properties of the all-in-one paper supercapacitor. Furthermore, these hydroxyl groups facilitate the inter-layer bonding of the paper structure in the subsequent pressing and drying processes, favoring the integration of the electrodes and separator. Benefiting from the multi-layer forming concept and suitable morphology of PPy- modified cellulose, we have prepared an ultra-thin (150 μm) all-in-one paper SC with high areal specific capacitance (up to 562 mF cm−2), high energy density (up to 3.1 mWh cm−3) and high-power density (up to 414.9 mW cm−3). Moreover, the all-in-one paper SC shows excellent flexibility, with negligible specific capacitance loss by bending at 0° to 180° angles after repeating 1000 times. The proposed concept and supercapacitor fabrication process is scalable and can be readily implemented in a modern paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An interconnected LIS hydrogel with self-tunable nanopore structure and flexibility is prepared. • LIS nanoparticles adjust the pore size and flexibility of the hybrid hydrogel. • The LIS porous hydrogel shows a super-high Li adsorption capacity in a marine environment. • The LIS porous hydrogel exhibits super-stable cyclic Li extraction performance. Li+ ion-sieve (LIS) films, foams, or granules have been fabricated to immobilize LIS to overcome powder loss for Li extraction from seawater. However, the practical application is still restricted by their low swelling ability and poor flexibility to withstand harsh marine environment for a long time. Here, a highly elastic interconnected porous LIS nanocomposite hydrogel with tunable pore structure and flexibility, as well as good swelling property, is prepared by using LIS (viz. λ-MnO 2) as a pore self-modifier during the in-situ fabrication of polypyrrole (PPy) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) interpenetrating hydrogel (denoted as λ-MnO 2 @IG). In addition to physical confinement interactions, the strong coordination/chelation and electrostatic interactions between λ-MnO 2 nanoparticles and polymer chains enable well-dispersed λ-MnO 2 nanoparticles to be confined in a rich network structure. Even at a marine environment (pH 8.3), the λ-MnO 2 @IG hydrogel exhibits superior Li+ adsorption performance (20.6 mg g−1 HMO), outperforming most adsorbents containing LIS. Specially, the porous hydrogel is easily recyclable and exhibits super-stable cyclic Li extraction performance, which are directly attributable to the further-improved pore structure in continuous regeneration process. This study provides a self-regulating strategy to design LIS porous hydrogels with controllable porosity, high flexibility, good swelling ability, and excellent cycle stability to address the growing Li+ demanding challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]