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After 24 h of seeding, zerumbone (5, 10, and 20 g/mL), zerumbone epoxide (5, 10, and 20 g/mL) or glucosamine (100 g/mL) were diluted with the culture medium to different concentrations and added to the cultured cells and then were incubated for another 24 h. The SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells were cultured with increasing concentrations of zerumbone, zerumbone epoxide (5, 10 or 20 g/mL), or glucosamine (100 g/mL) for 24 h, followed by AlmarBlue analysis. At 20 g/mL, zerumbone significantly reduced MMP-1 production to 2.98 ± 0.14 ng/mL ( I p i < 0.01), the 20 g/mL zerumbone epoxide reduced MMP-1 production to 3.15 ± 0.94 pg/mL compare to the IL-1 alone-treated group, respectively. The SW1353 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of zerumbone, zerumbone epoxide (5, 10, and 20 g/mL), or glucosamine (100 g/mL) for 1 h, then stimulated with or without IL-1 (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. [Extracted from the article]

The buds of I Z. striolatum i were collected in August of 2019 from Guizhou Province of P. R. China and were authenticated by Dr. Daopeng Tan (Pharmacognosy), an associate professor of Zunyi Medical University. In the present study, our further chemical investigation into the constituents of the buds of I Z. striolatum, i nine compounds were isolated and identified previously from this plant. The EtOAc extract (60 g) was subjected to a series of chromatographic methods, such as column chromatography using silica gel (200-300 or 300-400 mesh) and Sephadex LH-20, and yielded compounds B 1-9 b . The buds of I Z. striolatum i contain abundant protein, polysaccharides, amino acids, and trace elements, and serve as a delicious vegetable with high nutritional value [[3]]. [Extracted from the article]

Microwave-assisted condensation of benzaldehyde ( 3a,b) with acetone in aqueous sodium hydroxide adsorbed on basic alumina provides phenylbutenone ( 4a–4b) in 68–71% yield within 4 min, which upon further reduction with sodium borohydride and basic alumina gives phenylbutenol ( 5a,b) in 91–94% yield within 2 min. Dehydration of 5 with anhydrous copper (II) sulfate gives phenylbutadiene ( 1a,b), a metabolite of Zingiber cassumunar, within 3 min in 42–48% yield, respectively. All the steps involve environmental friendly solvents and reagents, mild reaction conditions, and overall formation of product 1a,b from 3a,b in 34–38% yield within 9 min under microwave irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new phenylalkanoid, (E)-3-hydroxy-1-(4′-hydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxyphenyl)-tetradecan-6-en-5-one ( 1), was isolated from the rhizomes of Chinese ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae)). The structure of this new phenylalkanoid was elucidated by chemical and physical evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]