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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Walking is the most basic movement mode of the human, exploring the stress characteristics of the foot and the difference between the feet during walking is of great value to deeply understand the law of human walking. OBJECTIVE: To explore the foot function and walking law of human body in each stage of gait support through the processing and analysis of foot balance curve. METHODS: 116 subjects with normal foot type were selected by foot type and walked at their own optimal speed to record their plantar pressure data. A foot balance curve was drawn with average value and 1 times standard deviation. The curve rules and eigenvalues of dominant and non-dominant lateral feet were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) During the walking support period, the force characteristics of the foot on the horizontal side constantly changed. From initial contact phase to forefoot contact phase, the foot stabilized its posture through the force migration. (2) In foot flat phase, the plantar force shifted to the outside. In forefoot push off phase, the plantar force shifted from outside to inside and the human body balanced through bipedal support. (3) There was no significant difference in the relative duration of initial contact phase, forefoot contact phase, foot flat phase, and forefoot push off phase between the dominant foot and the non-dominant foot (P > 0.05). (4) The characteristic similarity of the bilateral foot balance curve was highly consistent and the foot balance curve of the dominant side was lower than that of the non-dominant side (P < 0.05). (5) It is concluded that the changes of foot posture and foot function during human walking are reflected by the foot balance curve. The function of human feet is the same at all stages of the gait cycle, and the force acting on the dominant side is more lateral than that of the non-dominant side, and the pedal and extension function is more fully performed on the horizontal axis. The foot balance curve has an important reference value for the study of human walking law and the evaluation of foot function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Shenling Baizhu San is one of the representative prescriptions for strengthening the spleen and removing dampness, which has good antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In recent years, we have found positive effect of Shenling Baizhu San in patients with early and mid-stage knee osteoarthritis in clinical practice, but the specific molecular mechanism is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the pharmacological mechanism of Shenling Baizhu San in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis through network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS: The TCMSP and TCMID databases were used to collect the active ingredients and their targets of Shenling Baizhu San. The GenneCards and OMINNCBI databases were used to obtain the KOA targets. STRING and Cytoscape were used to construct the drug-active chemical ingredient-core target network and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Gene oncology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were carried out. AutoDockTools was used to predict molecular docking between important active ingredients and core targets. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 109 active pharmaceutical chemical components of Shenling Baizhu San were screened, and the important components included luteolin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, etc. Among them, there were 97 intersecting targets with diseases, and the core targets were PTGS2, CASP3, AKT1, MAPK1, MAPK8, TP53, EGFR, etc. The results of molecular docking showed that kaempferol and β-sitosterol could target and regulate CASP3, AKT1, and PTGS2. GO analysis showed that the mechanism mainly involved biological processes such as oxidative stress, lipopolysaccharide, nutritional level, muscle cell proliferation, oxygen level, etc. The results of KEGG analysis showed that PI3K-Akt, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-17 and Th17 cell pathways were the main signaling pathways. In summary, Luteolin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, and other active ingredients in Shenling Baizhu San can treat knee osteoarthritis by inhibiting inflammation, regulating apoptosis, and reducing oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Studies have found that icariin can promote the proliferation and differentiation of mouse preosteoblasts. Nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways and autophagy play an important role in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Whether they are involved in icariin promoting the proliferation and differentiation of mouse preosteoblasts remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of icariin on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse preosteoblasts and the role of nuclear factor-κB signaling and autophagy. METHODS: (1) Screening out the best intervention concentration of icariin: Mouse preosteoblasts MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into control group and various icariin groups (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μmol/L). MTS was used to detect the proliferation activity of mouse preosteoblasts from different groups after icariin intervention. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by Alizarin red staining. The osteoblastic differentiation ability and autophagy activity in mouse preosteoblasts from different groups were evaluated by western blot assay after icariin intervention. (2) 3-Methyladenine was added to inhibit autophagy. Four groups were set up: control group, 3-methyladenine group, icariin group, and 3-methyladenine + icariin group. Alizarin red staining was used to observe the mineralized nodules. Western blot assay was utilized to determine the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, Runx2, p62, LC3, NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 protein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Icariin could promote the proliferation of mouse preosteoblasts and the effect was the most obvious at 10 μmol/L (P < 0.05). The formation of mineralized nodules in the 10 μmol/L icariin group was significantly more than that in the control group and the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase and Runx2 protein were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression levels of Beclin1, LC3 II/LC3 I increased significantly and the expression of p62 decreased in the 10 μmol/L icariin group (P < 0.05). (2) After 3-methyladenine inhibited autophagy, compared with the icariin group, the expression of alkaline phosphatase, Runx2, LC3 II/LC3 I decreased and the expression of p62 increased in the 3-methyladenine + icariin group (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the control group, the expression of p-p65/p65 decreased in the 10 μmol/L icariin group (P < 0.05). (4) These results indicate that icariin may promote osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by down-regulation of the nuclear factor-κB signaling and enhancing autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There are few reports about platelet-derived growth factor BB promoting angiogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. However, the nutrition, growth factors and cytokines provided by neovascular network play an important role in bone tissue formation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor-BB on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of Sprague-Dawley rats into vascular endothelial cells. METHODS: (1) Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and cultured in vitro. The surface markers CD45, CD29 and CD34 of the third generation were identified by flow cytometry. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with high purity were selected for platelet-derived growth factor BB intervention experiments. (2) Passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced by 25 μg/L platelet-derived growth factor BB for 3 days. Matrigel was selected for cell lumen formation experiments. The immunofluorescence method was used to detect the expression of FITC-UEA-1 and DIL-ac-LDL in cells to verify the fluorescence expression of CD31 in cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of CD31 in cells after induction. Finally, the mRNA level of vascular endothelial growth factor gene was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cells were mixed with Matrigel and inoculated after platelet-derived growth factor BB induction. A clear tubular structure was formed; the expressions of FITC-UEA-1 and DIL-ac-LDL and CD31 expression were positive in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after induction. The expression of VEGF mRNA in platelet-derived growth factor BB-induced cells was higher than that in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells without platelet-derived growth factor BB (P < 0.05). It is concluded that rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into functional vascular endothelial cells after being induced by platelet-derived growth factor BB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Icariin is an effective active component of traditional Chinese medicine which is used to prevent osteoporosis, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Existing studies have indicated that autophagy can participate in regulating bone metabolism; however, whether icariin can prevent osteoporosis by changing autophagy is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether icariin can prevent osteoporosis by regulating autophagy and promoting osteoblast differentiation. METHODS: Mouse preosteoblast cell lines MC3T3-E1 in logarithmic phase were selected and treated by different concentrations of icariin (10-6 to 10-3 mmol/L). Cell viability, apoptosis rate, alkaline phosphatase activity, the number of mineralized nodules and the expression level of osteogenic differentiation markers were observed in order to determine the optimal concentration of icariin. Then cells were treated by the optimal concentration of icariin and divided into three groups: control group, icariin group, icariin+3-methyladenine group. The number of autophagosomes, the expression level of osteogenic differentiation markers and autophagy related genes, the expression level of autophagy related proteins were evaluated by MDC staining, RTqPCR and western blot assay, respectively. In an in vivo test, an ovariectomized rat model was established and all the rats were divided into four groups: sham group, ovariectomized group, icariin group, estradiol group. Micro-CT was used to detect the bone micro parameters, and western blot was used to detect the expression level of autophagy related proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Icariin could promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, and at the same time inhibit apoptosis of the cells. The maximum stimulatory effect of icariin was observed at the concentration of 10-5 mmol/L (P < 0.05). In addition, icariin could increase the number of autophagosomes and upregulate the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers and autophagy-related genes or proteins (P < 0.05), which were antagonized by 3-methyladenine (P < 0.05). Icariin could also improve the parameters of bone microstructure in ovariectomized rats and upregulate the expression of autophagy-related proteins (P < 0.05). All these findings indicate that icariin can prevent osteoporosis by activating autophagy and promoting osteoblast differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that platelet-derived growth factor BB secreted by mouse osteoclasts can promote the formation of osteoblasts and vascular cells, but the optimal concentration and time of platelet-derived growth factor BB on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are not clear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the optimal concentration and intervention time of platelet-derived growth factor BB to promote the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. The third generation of cells was identified by surface cytometry CD45, CD29 and CD34, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with higher purity were selected for intervention experiments. The selected cells were seeded in 96-well culture plates. Cells in the control group were cultured with α-MEM complete medium. Cells in the remaining groups were cultured with α-MEM complete medium combined with 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/L platelet-derived growth factor BB. CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation of cells in each group at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, and the optimal time and concentration of platelet-derived growth factor BB for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Flow cytometry: mesenchymal stem cells were positive for CD29 (94.6%), negative for CD45 (3.3%), and negative for CD34 (0.2%). Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with higher purity were obtained. (2) Repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that the absorbance of platelet-derived growth factor BB changed at different times after intervention with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The proliferation effect was the strongest on the third day, and the difference was statistically significant (F=27.773, P < 0.001). LSD method for a pairwise comparison of the grouping factors showed that 25 μg/L platelet-derived growth factor BB group had statistically significant differences with the other five groups (P < 0.05). (3) It was concluded that the 25 μg/L platelet-derived growth factor BB group intervened bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells had a proliferation effect on cells on the third day. Platelet-derived growth factor BB concentration greater than 50 μg/L can promote apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: It is an effective strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis to promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, but the influence of inokosterone onosteoblast proliferation and differentiation is rarely reported.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of inokosterone on theproliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts and the underlying molecular mechanism.METHODS:Primary osteoblasts from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated via the second enzyme digestion, and the cells were then cultured in osteogenic induction medium and identified. Cell counting kit 8 assay was performed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of inokosterone (1, 5, 10 mg/L) on cell viability of primary osteoblasts. Early differentiation ability of osteoblasts was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase staining and alkaline phosphatase activity assay. To evaluate the mineralization ability of osteoblasts, alizarin red staining was performed to observe the number of calcium nodules. The expression level of osteogenic genes was detected by RT-qPCR at different time points. Furthermore, MDC staining was also used to observe the number of autophagosomes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, inokosterone could inhibit the cell viability of primary osteoblast to some degree (P < 0.05) while significantly promoting alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodules formation (P< 0.05). In addition, inokosterone upregulated the expression of osteogenic genessuch as Collagen I, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, osteocalcin and increased the number of autophagosomes. To conclude, inokosterone can promote osteogenic differentiation by upregulating osteogenic genes expression and activating autophagy of primary osteoblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)