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In this paper we aim to present the importance of the social responsibility marketing view in the activity of healthcare services providers from Romania. The method of obtaining information has been the investigation of secondary sources. We have also analyzed the aspects regarding law conformation by these providers and their concern for the ethical behavior of their employees. The paper aims to highlight the fact that the success of healthcare services providers' activity and the achievement of a high degree of patient satisfaction are closely connected to the adoption and implementation of high behavior standards in the activity of the actors on this market in Romania. Last but not least this paper proposes a holistic approach for healthcare services providing in Romania, the only approach able to grant an organic marketing vision on respecting the laws of ethical conduct and the adoption of a socially responsible behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to present a picture of the influence of human capital on labor resources in post-revolutionary Romania. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the formal education system and its effects on employment and labor productivity. It should be noted that this paper focuses on formal education as a means of accumulation of human capital. In the literature there are voices that say the education is "the strong heart" of human capital theory or that education is "the main source" of growth. Therefore, this concentration seems justified, since education increases the ability of people to learn throughout life and live a healthier life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper includes the author's personal view on the correlation between the education legislation and the basic rules of the European-style rule of law and the accounting law. A problem that occurs in the education legislation in Romania and in other European countries is the correlation with the rules and fundamental principles included in the Constitution or with the specialized rules in other fields such as accounting law. The paper uses the comparison method of education law and the principles of social state or well established rules of accounting law. There is included also a comparison approach with general rules of market economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) is one of the fastest growing waste streams on the globe. Worldwide, WEEE raises a dual problem for the environment: on one hand, the composition of WEEE is highly toxic and represents a serious threat for the environment, if the substances contained in ewaste infiltrate the soil, water or air. On the other hand, there are also precious materials that can be recovered from WEEE, materials that can be used in the production of other goods. Because of this dual problem, the issue of managing WEEE is one of the top priorities for institutions and states all around the world. In Europe, the management of waste electric and electronic equipment was regulated, until August 13, 2012, by the WEEE Directive – Directive 2002/96/EC. The Directive provided a classification in 10 categories that covered over 90% of all EEE, thus of all WEEE on the market and established minimum performance standards for various aspects regarding WEEE management. In 2012 the European Union issued a recast of the WEEE Directive, the 2012/19/EU Directive, or the WEEE II Directive. The new directive sets higher targets for the collection, treatment, recycling and material recovery of WEEE. This paper aims to present the new targets regulated by the 2012/19/EU Directive, compared to the ones set by the older directive and analyze the impact of the new regulations on the WEEE management system in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of law plays a major role within the contemporary globalized world, influencing important aspects of any society. Specialists within the field, such as Geyer and Bright (1996), argue that translators must find solutions to these problems arising out of translating a text produced in one specific language and legal context and received in a different language and legal context. This paper focuses on issues concerning specialized vocabulary, synonymy and the cohesive devices of legal discourse, in order to reveal the best approaches that the translator can use when he/she has to choose between synonymy and polysemy in the language of law. To this purpose, a corpus-driven study on the lexis of legal English (more specifically, the Romanian Legal Code in English and Romanian languages) was conducted in an endeavor to automatically extract the specialized vocabulary. The analysis was performed in order to demonstrate language variation in the official English translation of corpus and to get information on lexical behavior and its contribution to mapping the lexical profile of the register. Our study is based on the results provided by applying the WordStat text analysis software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no development without ups and downs. Over time, people and countries have faced crises, at all levels. Under the new economic circumstances, they are more evident and their analysis attracts more and more all scientists as lot of facts and situations are far from normal compared to traditional conditions. Value has deteriorated, its place taken by vice and counterfeited items, transforming the natural to the unnatural, the normal to the abnormal, a state of health to a pathological condition. Crisis is everywhere. It is not connected to only one field; it is a plague generating a chaotic perturbation of the entire system. The conventional system cannot remain the same, and new understandings are required at all levels - environmental, institutional and societal – generating new approaches and behaviours that can lead to another paradigm of development. This paper presents a complex and realistic view of the limits of today's society and its chronic problems, which have evolved over time as a result of wrong management everywhere. This is accompanied by complex examples from all fields of activity. An accurate and holistic identification of the situation is required prior to deciding on the way forward. The effects of the crisis are still only partially perceived and understood by governments. The legal economy has lost its immunity and boarders, melting into an informal grey economy, as shown by the content of laws and the limited applicability of their methodologies, which permits multiple understanding of decisions. Beyond our diagnosis we present an innovative conception of the economic crisis in the market and society, and proposals for diminishing its negative influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumer rights as participants to the marketing research process represent a sensible field of study that is evolving all the time. Marketing research have enriched already for a considerable time period with new modalities of gathering, processing and measurement of information being in possession of its carriers - research conducted using online research platforms. Although the legislation that is regulating this area of interaction between the internet and its users has evolved greatly in the last 15 years towards protecting the rights and interests of the latter, there are still real threats especially, where the degree of consumers awareness is low regarding their rights and obligations that occur when they relate with different service providers from the online environment. Consumer's involvement in the online marketing research requires knowledge of this rights and obligations as well as a full transparency of marketing research specialized services providers. This paper reveals the results of a quantitative research field type survey, done with the help of an online platform, which has as a main goal to determine the familiarity degree among Romanian consumers about rights and obligations as participants to online marketing research process, and to identify effective ways to build messages within a social information campaign regarding these rights and obligations. After conducting the research has been pointed out that the respondents - Romanian consumers, present in the online environment have evolved significantly in the last years, as from a behavioral point of view and as a concrete modality of valorification of informations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing number of consumers of financial products and services, rapid technological developments and financial innovations are among the factors that impose strengthening financial consumer protection. The global economic and financial crisis, that revealed several weaknesses in the regulatory framework for financial activity, also underlined the need to strengthen the financial consumer protection framework. Therefore, currently, efforts are being made in this direction by improving the legal framework for financial consumer protection or developing programs for financial education. Against this background, the paper presents some legal aspects and developments for financial consumer protection with focus on the Romanian banking system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes taking place in society in general and in the economy in particular, are intense and involve the whole system by changing not only the form but also the content. In such a context, in which the knowledge is the most valuable resource, it is normal to give increasing importance to the higher education institutions as sources of production of knowledge. From a marketing point of view, the organizational objectives cannot be achieved without a deep understanding of the business environment. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of the marketing environment, on the activity of higher education institutions in Romania. Marketing environment analysis involves the analysis of the internal environment so that the strengths and weaknesses of institutions are highlighted and the external environment analysis, on micro-and macro scale, as to identify opportunities that can benefit and to see the threats from external environment that should be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the Law No. 144/2007, republished in 2009, Romania becomes the first European country that has created an institution specialized in controlling the wealth, the conflicts of interest and the way in which incompatibility regime is obeyed. Analyzing the juridical nature of this institution, we can see that it is an independent administrative authority, which is not subordinated to the Government, and that functions according to the principle of operational independence. Further on, we underline the existence of some inadvertences among different texts of Law No. 144/2007, regarding the organization and functioning of National Integrity Agency, incongruence among some regulations and other laws, incomplete or unclear written texts. In order to eliminate these voids, we make, at the end of the paper some draft legal proposals which, in our opinion, could confer clarity to the text and would lead to more efficiency in applying the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper intends to analyze the movement of excise goods under excise duty suspension in different cases and situation within the European Community territory: when excisable goods are delivered between Romania and the other Member States via EFTA or between Romania and any other EFTA member countries under intra-Community transit procedure or through one or more tertiary countries non-members EFTA, under a TIR carnet or ATA, when excisable goods are produced in or are destined to third countries etc. For there are important differences among the regulation of these indirect taxes between Member States and different approaches towards the place these taxes held in legislation, a study of the movement of products under suspension regimes is meaningful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is being born Romanian really a futility? In this paper we shall try to examine a part of the dark vision, often daunting, of Emil Cioran on the history of a "quiet, calm, fellow and sinner" people. This is a picture full of color, but biting at the same time, of a minor nation whose rhythm of life is living in the harmonies of the unforgettable ballad of resignation - Miorita... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to indicate the relationship of interdependence between gender inequalities in Romania and sexual violence against female persons. Using the methodological framework of document analysis, we conducted a statistical study of data on some forms of sexual violence against female but also male persons. The statistic is based on data from the General Inspectorate of the Romanian Police, having as analysis unit the years 2005-2009. The most important results regarding our hypotheses consist of revealing causal relationships between gender inequalities in Romania and sexual violence against female persons. Both in theory and practice we find that currently that gender inequalities in Romanian society sensibly influence the manifestation of this form of violence. Our conclusion is that sexual violence against female persons is determined by the existence of some factors that occur at individual and social, family, political and legal level. Gender inequalities in Romania represent in this context a framework encompassing a range of micro and macro-social factors that allow the perpetuation of such violent behavior. We propose the implementation of information and awareness strategies of female persons on the rights and freedoms that they have as Romanian and European citizens. Reducing gender inequalities can cause a significant drop in sexual violence against women in our country. This requires the adoption of gender policies that encourage free speech and economic support of persons addressing complaints or findings of the manifestation of violence in all its forms to responsible bodies. Keywords: gender inequality, sexual violenc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decades, the electronic equipment industry has revolutionized the world; electric and electronic products are, at present, essential for the civilized society. The number of electric and electronic equipment put on the market grows significantly, all around the world, in both developed and developing countries. At the same time, the life span of electric and electronic equipment shortens, due to the fast technologic innovation. As a result, waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) has known the most spectacular growth of all waste categories composing municipal waste. In Europe, an important step in the management of WEEE, was the issuing of the 2002/96/EC Directive on waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE Directive) and 2002/95/EC Directive on the restriction of hazardous substances in electric and electronic equipment (RoHS Directive). The purpose of these directives was to reduce the quantity and impact of WEEE on the environment and improve the environmental performances of electric and electronic equipment. WEEE management in Romania was close to inexistent before our country joined the EU. After joining the EU, in 2007 and in 2008, 5 WEEE collection and treatment companies were established and authorized to function in Romania, in order to meet the European WEEE collection targets: RoRec, Ecotic, RECOLAMP, ENVIRON, CCR Logistics Systems RO S.R.L. This paper aims to present the legal regulations on WEEE at European and Romanian level and show how they helped improve the WEEE management system in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is focused on the identification of dominant leadership styles of the managers from Romanian public institutions and their correlations with employees' behaviors in order to achieve superior performances. The research is performed on a sample of Romanian managers from different public institutions. The empirical study analyzes by means of statistical methods, facilitated by the use of SPSS software, the main correlations between the dominant leadership styles of the managers from these institutions and the employees' behaviors, reflected on their loyalty degree, their motivation degree and their professional performances level. The research results outline several managerial implications, based on relevant information about the opportunities to enhance the performances of the public institutions by adopting the most appropriate leadership style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beginnings of the transition period in Romania meant the apparition of hundreds of NGO, which had access, several years, to the external financing. After 1995, the external financing ended and the NGO encountered a matter that they have not taken into account before: the self-financing. From that point ahead it was not sufficient to have a good project on paper - they had to reach for financing, as well. As the external financing came to an end, the NGO ought to deal with the problem of self-financing, baring the responsibility of spent money and finding new sources of funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper aims to present succinctly an institution old by tradition and new by the legislative means which bring it to forefront: The New Civil Code and the New Code of Civil Procedure. Guardianship courts have come to be a frequent participant both in the mundane life of the citizens, but also in circumstances that affect the development of the individual in particular, out of the ordinary situations. In addition, a recent case, still pending in front of the court, will be exposed, due to its character of novelty and near controversy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The road (from Latin via) is the defining element of Roman civilization and also a legacy still visible in many countries of the European continent, including Romania. The road network of the Roman Empire served some strategic interests, to protect or pacify its provinces, and also some economic interests, providing a safe movement of goods and, ultimately achieving the unity of the Roman world. The paper describes the main classifications of different types of roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Romania, the urban population represents 55% of the entire country and only in the capital there live over 16% of it. Now, more than 180 towns and municipalities have a General Urban Planning (PUG), accomplished before 2004, which must be renewed and updated to the present social life dynamism. After 21 years of chaos in building issues, after some "big" scandals made by unbelievable situation - Platza Cathedral, Bordei Park etc, the latest changes in building regulations have tried to put order and to give back the city to the citizens. Authorizations and opinions are the only methods trough which the administrative body can control compliance with the rules. In this paper, we try to show the major changes in building rules, with special view on construction's authorization. We will try to find out what has happened in our legal system, for what reason do we need so many changes in this domain - after the 1990 when the Building law was adopted, it changed at least twice a year, the latest change was made in December 2008, and in the same time the relevant Ministry developed and proposed for public debate a "Building Code" draft. The analyze focuses, on one hand, on the impact of these new rules on real estate developers' businesses, their reaction and, on the other hand what is the authority's position on this "war," between the citizens, who want good condition of life, and the builders - who want measures to reduce the bureaucracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper underlines the importance of a survey report following the steps of criminal trials in the Romanian Criminal Law. The survey report is a scientific document of a special evidence value. Taking into account its importance in settling a case, the survey report cannot be resumed to the simple exposure of conclusions to which the expert has reached, but it also has to reflect in a concise but complete manner the surveying stages covered by the expert until the final conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The piece of evidence can be defined as the imposition of a truth, may it be a de facto truth, namely an existential one, or logical, moral, scientific, etc. to my knowledgeable consciousness. The paper underlines the means by which this imposition operates within Romanian Criminal law. In science, it operates by experience, in logics by demonstration, in law by documents, witnesses, examinations, on site investigation, clues, and presumptions. But a piece of evidence, as it is defined, represents an element of fact, and this must be brought to the attention of judiciary bodies as it is. So, there has to be an instrument, a means by which the facts, namely the evidence, must be brought to the attention of the judiciary bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper underlines the main steps that Romanian legal system undertook within the road legislation history. Once the Organic Regulation came into force in 1831, the construction of roads and bridges began under the urge of princes Grigore Al. Ghica in Moldavia and Barbu Stirbei in Wallachia. We analyze the following legal texts: Roads Law of August 2, 1929, Law on roads of April 22, 1932, Decree no. 142 of April 22, 1953 concerning the construction, modification, maintenance and management of public roads, Decree no. 335 of July 13, 1957 amending and supplementing some articles of Decree no. 142/1953, Law no. 13 - Roads Law of July 13, 1974 and, finally, the Ordinance no 43 of August 28, 1997 concerning the legal regime of roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper briefly presents the concept of "head of State," as this phrase is not found in the text of the Constitution of Romania, but it commonly appears in the international political language (when talking about a "Conference of Heads of state"), but also in the internal political language. The forms of materialization of the President's activity are regulated in art. 100 of the Constitution, which provides that: "the President in the exercise of his powers issues decrees that shall be published in the Official Gazette of Romania." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New Labor Code came into force on May 1st, 2011. It brought a generous number of amendments. Among them, there is the elimination of the mandatory character of the collective work contract, the introduction of performance criteria, laid down by the employer, the introduction of the mandatory training of graduates, and imprisonment sentence for black employees. The present paper discusses the liabilities that individuals are subject to and the general framework of the first part of the Code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main "enemies" of water are the lack or insufficiency of works necessary for the rational use of the entire water stock, and the pollution. In such a context, it is required, in each State, that waters administration use and management are done in compliance with legal provisions in the field and with great responsibility. This paper examines the waters administration, use and management in Romania following provisions of the framework law in the matter, Law 107 of 1996 as amended and supplemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on offenses concerning the road factor by not complying with conditions of the construction authorization issued under the law, to provide access to the public road, if constructions are situated on the road, under legal provisions in force in Romanian legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper studies the liability of public manager who manages county roads sectors located within built urban areas, under provisions of Government Ordinance no. 43/1997 on roads conditions, republished and updated from both historical and modern points of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of controlling crimes has been regarded mostly from the point of what should be changed and done in order to obtain efficient results. This paper argues that the changes are not enough for creating an efficient strategy for dealing with the offences committed by children. Strategies for crime control are more complex and include also the changes appeared lately in criminal justice and juvenile justice. The ways in which these strategies are designed differ from state to state even if the purpose is the same: to control the offences committed by juveniles. This article brings in attention useful information concerning the strategies of controlling children's crimes used by Romanian and Spanish juvenile justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, authors aim to present a few basic lines regarding the degree of implementation of marketing in the current activity of some educational institutions in a southern Romanian county. The conclusions of the research show that the operationalization of marketing at the level of education institutions has to be firmly related to the main factors influencing the marketing environment and the positioning process in developing targeted educational services [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper points the most essential dates of an important period of the history of Romanian people, which had a tremendous outcome for the legal field. It represents the final phase in the formation of the Romanian nation; gradual formation of feudal relations and the appearance of fairs and towns; political organization of the Romanian communities attested also in written sources in 9th century and which resisted hundreds of years, precisely because of migrations, on phase of principalities and local voivodships, brought together after 1300 in the central states of the Romanian Countries and Moldova Country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Law no. 221/2009 was an act of historic reparation for former political prisoners. Both the legal environment and justice seekers have positively received those regulations which tended to restore not so much the former political prisoners, but the Romanian state itself in front of people who had suffered during the former communist regime and, to some extent, in front of the international public opinion. Following the publication of that law, courts of law have registered a remarkable number of applications requiring compensations, most of which were related to moral damage, cases which constitute the premises of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about a necessary regulatory. The institution regards the final solutions and those which are found to be inconsistent with the law. Over the time, they have received different solutions, although they refer to identical cases or about the same. The regulation considers a new composition of the Supreme Court that hears the appeal in the interest of the law; it also provides a new composition of the bench, the need for reasoned opinions of several Romanian and European high courts, as well as a deadline for settlement and communication of the solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the concept of criminal law is examined by the criminal doctrine in two ways. In a broad sense, as rule or bill of criminal law, sense that is taken into account by the legislator through the provisions of article 141 of the Criminal Code. In another sense (narrow), the concept of criminal law means the normative act issued by the Parliament after a special procedure and which contains rules of criminal law (article 76 of the Constitution) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at revealing the cooperation between the countries of the world in combating money laundering and trans-border organized crime, which is one of the most important issues present days. Obviously, money laundering crime and its related crimes are part of transnational organized crime. For this reason, the activities of the state agencies to prevent and sanction such crimes always require the adoption of new strategies and methods to follow up the operators engaged in international money laundering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper discusses the issue of dissolution of a marriage on the territory of a member EU state between a citizen of Romania and a foreign citizen, namely of one of the EU members' country. We have focused on the territorial competence procedure, as Romanians courts have encountered a great number of cases raising the territorial competence, when filling for divorce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a jovial and partly subjective path of the Romanian political atmosphere in the early decades of the twentieth century. Wit, mockery, incisiveness, hard words have a history strongly rooted in the customary clothing of the Romanian political levels, so that the current political circus has nothing surprising. Maybe that Romanians are conservative in this regard. Prominent figures of the political life in Romania develop around them, not just landmarks of their ideology, but they also leave transparent here and there the lacey and savory props of the backstage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze, starting from the case of Romania, the degree to which public administration reform contributes to the reduction of corruption. The research focuses also on mass media, which plays a significant positive influence on the reduction of corruption, while the behaviour of the central-level political class does not encourage the reduction of corruption. The reforming process of the central and local public administration Romania is analyzed with regard to the civil service reform, the decentralization process and fight against corruption in the public administration. A special attention is given to the studies related to the measuring of corruption and its impact on economy as a whole or as activity sectors in particular. Nevertheless, the analysis shows that the intensification of the reform process at civil service level leads to the reduction of the level of corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper discusses economic threats, from the crisis perspective and financial loans which indebted the population, as well as from the wage cuts points of view. Analyzing IMD reports, we emphasis the vulnerability of each state in accordance with foreign capital inflows. Another issue is represented by international terrorist networks that have access to modern technology and can benefit from bank transfers and rapid means of communication, infrastructure and support provided by ethnic and religious extremist organizations, by the support of the cross-border organized crime or by the support of corrupted regimes, all of which constitute risks and threats to national security of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international double taxation occurs when one and the same taxable object is subject to taxation in two or more states, for one and the same time period. Legal means of disposal of such conflicts on international scale are tax Conventions, called international double tax. Tax regime of income obtained from activities carried in Romania shall be determined by means of harmonizing the Fiscal Code provisions with the articles of the international tax conventions. The paper aims at highlighting the international legal provisions in the field and their applicability within Romanian law framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EU nationals have the right to live and work in Romania without a work permit as long as they have applied for a residence permit, which can be obtained after having a legal work contract in Romania. Work permits are issued by the Romanian Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, based on a working visa and a review of the necessary documents presented by the applicant. On the contrary, for citizens of non-EU countries it is necessary to apply for a residence permit at the Romanian embassy or consulate in his or her home country before a work permit application is submitted. This paper aims at identifying specific regulations for peculiar cases related to non-EU workers in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]