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This paper analyzes the instructions embedded in the meaning of the evidential points of view materialized by the encontrar [find] + direct object + objective predicative structure and by different tenses (conditional, imperfect, morphological future and periphrastic future) in Spanish. Besides, to show similarities and divergences between Spanish and French on this topic, translations of those structures into the latter language are proposed. The corpus is composed by actual statements taken from the CREA and Internet news portals. The theoreticalmethodological framework is provided by the Dialogical Approach to Argumentation and Polyphony, which, unlike referentialist and cognitivist perspectives of evidentiality, characterizes the evidential meaning in relation to the dialogical and polyphonic-argumentative representation posed by the enunciation regarding the discursive cause that triggers it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at showing the areas of coincidence and dissidence between the Spanish and Italian languages and the possible consequences that the contrastive factor has on the possibility of intercomprehension and on the perspective of learning both as foreign languages. The topics of intercomprehension and the learning of foreign languages are associated not only with the concepts enunciated by Umberto Eco for Romance languages, but also with languages with less structural affinity. Our focus is the pragmatic distinctions beyond structural similarities and differences, arguing that the problem of the distance and proximity of two languages is centered on cultural heritage, rather than being strictly linguistic. To this end we provide didactic resources verified in university experience which can serve to channel and make explicit the intercultural experiences of future professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the data and current models for the study of the language from the economic perspective -language economics-, this paper aims to show how the economic value of the Spanish language is perceived in the media and how news about it contribute to construct an imaginary that legitimates the value of language. To this end, a corpus consisting of texts from the Spanish periodical press between the years 2001 and 2017 is analyzed. The quantitative analysis shows the discontinuity/permanence of the discourse over time and its linkage with the media. The qualitative analysis reveals the three features that identify this type of discourse: the insistence on quantification, the enhancement of the symbolic value of language and the repetition and thematic exhaustion. This investigation is an empirical-critical work that uses tools from both Economic science and Socio-Discursive analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the appropriation by the media of intimacy which is typical of contemporary television, as evidenced in the increasing immediacy of contents and in the resulting increasing colloquial character of public discourse. In turn, these trends reflect the economic, social and cultural processes underlying the democratization of fame, and their impact on both diastratic and diaphasic intra-linguistic variation, as well as in the extensive and intensive immediatization of idiomatic and discursive traditions. The paper proposes to differentiate between feigned orality, on the one hand, and strategic or reality-simulating orality, on the other, the second one, functionally very different from the former, being closer to Homeric orality; it encompasses the "reality TV" format, where colloquialization is the result of extensive immediatization, as well as other formats based on intensive scripted immediatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that nowadays punctuation depends significantly on syntax. The identification of grammatical categories, syntactic phrases, syntactic functions and peripheral elements constitutes the main foundation to use punctuation marks, which has a clear advantage: applying objective criteria in this orthographic aspect. This paper puts a special emphasis on uses of comma and hyphen, although sometimes a reference is made about other punctuation marks. The Orthography of the Spanish Language and the New Grammar of the Spanish Language, published by the Royal Spanish Academy and the Association of Spanish Language Academies, are the theoretical basis to this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to analyze how the historical depth of a change is a condition to establish a norm or a prescription in grammar. Besides that, the paper shows that positive or negative linguistic valorations are very labil concepts, which are conditioned of a combination of internal and external variables. The paper examines some theoretical assumptions and concepts as a previous theoretical framework to analyze five constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I describe focalizing syntactic structures in which the so-called que galicado (que used instead of the "canonical" relative pronouns or adverbs) is used. I also make reference to its origins, which several scholars of Spanish have attributed to the influence of other Romance languages. Empirical studies, however, show that que galicado seems to relate to a generalized linguistic tendency, even though the contact of Spanish with other languages, especially French, could favor its use. Several studies on the subject show that the occurrence of que galicado seems to be conditioned by dialectal regions (more frequent use in Spanish speaking Latin America than in Spain), speakers' socioeconomic status, and most of all, by the syntactic function of the focalized constituent, its grammatical category and number of syllables. Some recommendations about the use of que galicado are made in the final part of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will provide a detailed geographic analysis of the reach of yeísmo in a number of Latin American republics (El Salvador, Honduras, Panamá, Cuba, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina and Uruguay) in order to present an overview of the extent and development of this phonetic phenomenon in the Spanish spoken in America. It thus aims to build on recent studies that have attempted to assess the distribution of this feature throughout the Spanish-speaking world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Lexicography, it is very important to bear in mind the opinion of dictionary users since they also contribute to improve future editions, especially if these are aimed at the general public. On the occasion of the launching of the 23rd edition of the academic Diccionario in October 2014, I did a small search to find out how journalists, as professionals with a supposedly high level of lexical competence, had valued it. In this paper, I will examine a number of press articles published in Spanish newspapers and will discuss the comments made about this new edition that so many hopes had raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will provide a detailed geographic analysis of the reach of yeísmo in a number of Latin American republics (El Salvador, Honduras, Panamá, Cuba, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina and Uruguay) in order to present an overview of the extent and development of this phonetic phenomenon in the Spanish spoken in America. It thus aims to build on recent studies that have attempted to assess the distribution of this feature throughout the Spanish-speaking world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will provide a detailed geographic analysis of the reach of yeísmo in Spain's monolingual Spanish-speaking autonomous communities, using information provided by the Atlas Lingüísticos published up to 2013, in order to present an overview of the extent and development of this phonetic phenomenon in the Spanish spoken in Spain. It thus aims to build on recent studies (Gómez & Molina, 2013) that have attempted to assess the distribution of this feature throughout the Spanish-speaking world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the acceptability of some Basque Spanish phenomena which do not appear in the Spanish guideline norm. To achieve it an acceptability survey with 40 sentences has been made to 108 Basque Spanish bilingual students at university between 18 and 20 years, who ought to describe them as right or wrong. In this survey sentences with Basque Spanish features are listed, such as demonstratives without disparaging value, ya as a positive polarity term, evidencial and modal uses of soler + infinitivo, leísmo with masculine and feminine human referents and null objects, among others. The aim is to prove whether these features are general or not in the Basque Spanish speakers and whether these speakers describe or not these features as right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The grammatical treatises tell us that adverb + possessive structures are used in the spoken language, in a colloquial register, preferably in some areas of American Spanish. The aim of this paper is to describe the peculiarities of such constructions in news from the digital media. Specifically, we make a quantitative and qualitative analysis of adverbs of location in our materials that support this type of adjacent; we study the profitability of different possessives in this syntactic environment, based on the grammatical person; we seek an explanation for male-female variation in the possessive; we observe how it affects the fact that these constructions are term of preposition; and at last we provide data about their diatopical distribution in the Hispanic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the origin, current usage and norms of usage of the Spanish gerund using corpora of spoken and written language. Our findings show that the present variety of uses of the gerund is a result of two very different Latin forms: the ablative form of gerund and the present participle. The convergence of these two forms is also partially responsible for the frequent disagreement among grammarians on the correctness of some usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discuss some orthographic innovations in the latest academic works, and provide arguments to defend possible alternatives. We specifically deal with the graphic accent in the adverb solo, in the masculine and feminine demonstrative pronouns and in words like guion 'hyphen' as well as the orthographic rules for the prefix ex and the latinisms. In addition, we present some thoughts, that could be interpreted as predictions, on possible future changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper carries out an examination of gender and its relationship with sex in the Spanish language. The difference between both these objects is pointed out and the minor connections obtaining between them investigated. The analytic machinery of gender is presented and its purely formal and linguistic nature emphasised. The contrast between biological sex (material in living creatures) and semantic sex (linguistic in words) is drawn and highlighted, and the mutual correspondences between the two shown to be largely arbitrary. Neglect of this reality will be seen often to have led to important shortcomings in the analysis and understanding of the matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains, from the perspective of the demonstrative subsystem itself, the reason for which ese is employed in the mass media linguistic register in typical contexts of the article. It has been observed that the broadcasters employ ese in structures where the article is usually employed, such as contexts of associative anaphora and the cataphoric use. This innovation arises from the so-called evocative or allusive use of ese. It represents a neutralized use of the deictic opposition in the deixis am phantasma, operating only in the opposition 'close'/'distant' as regards the transmitter with units este/aquel. The novelty is that it has come to be employed in order to identify previously unmentioned substantives, or even those without any classifying restriction, just as the article does. The ultimate reason is that ese is becoming blurred in the deixis am phantasma. This makes it converge with the kind of identification (qualitatively different) carried out by the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I propose to examine the behavior of full and partial echoic repetition in Spanish and Italian, with the aim of analyzing the similarities and differences considering the following parameters: the forms, the morphosyntactic metamorphoses suffered compared with the preceding sentence, the structures or schemas where they are inserted, the pragmatic and textual features they fulfill and the frequency of use in both languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at providing evidence of the increasing presence of English borrowings in current Spanish. It focuses on the analysis of 12 issues of the wellknown magazine Cahiers du Cinema published between 2008 and 2009. This study examines a sample of 985 anglicisms that are used in this publication. When comparing the findings of this research and other similar ones carried out in Spain (Botella, 2001; Guzmán, 2008), there seems to be an increasing tendency to use these borrowings in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Spanish discursive markers classifications there is not usual to take into account the notions of agreement and disagreement, though it is clear that they are part of the content they are able to transmit. This paper is a pragmalinguistic approximation to the functions of agreement and disagreement in the frame of the colloquial Spanish conversation across the study of the discourse markers bueno, bien, vale and de acuerdo. We try to raise: a. The differences between the meaning of the signs with which we deal and others with similar meaning (desde luego, claro…); b. The similarities and differences of bueno, bien, vale and de acuerdo when expressing the agreement and disagreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on certain grammatical constructions whose interpretation depends on the presence or absence of the article. The concept of grammatical construction it's that of form/meaning pairings (as found in construction-based approaches). Grammatical constructions have meanings that are not necessarily the sum of their parts. Thus, the behaviour of a grammatical word such as articles shows that in grammar syntax, semantic and pragmatics are indissociable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we examine the words notoriamente, visiblemente, perceptiblemente, manifiestamente and ostensiblemente as sentence adverbs or disjuncts in current Spanish. The analysis of their syntactic, semantic and discourse properties allows us to consider them as sentence adverbs of epistemic modality, quite close to other adverbs that express evidence or certainty, just like evidentemente or claramente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discursive correction and rectification procedures imply a return to a previous discourse to reformulate it in a different manner. The issues covered in this paper are: to establish if these operations are in fact a part of reformulation processes, as in many cases their aim is to correct the form of a word or to seek the most precise expression for a concept, or to replace a discursive element with a more appropriate one; to analyze if the discourse relationships between the linked elements constitute a reinterpretation of the preceding segment; and finally, to determine if there exists a sequence of specific linguistic mechanisms in modern Spanish, including a set of discursive markers, that allow the implementation of these operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the speech act of wishing in two languages genetically related: Spanish and Romanian. Wishing, as well as verbally reacting to a wish in a culturally appropriate way, constitute instances of what is know in the literature as ritual politeness, which typically uses more or less standardized politeness formulas that are socially called for in specific circumstances. Wishes are polite speech acts (i.e., Face-Flattering Acts) that enhance the affiliation links among community members. The data for this study were collected through questionnaires and, when appropriate, correlated with examples from literary dialogues and/or genuine oral interactions. They were divided and analyzed in two main categories: situations in which the use of a wish is required (or strongly favored) in both languages, and situations in which a wish is required (or strongly favored) only in one of the two languages under consideration (in this specific case, Romanian). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to study the syntactic function and the pragmatic relevance in the use of the verb ser in Colombian Spanish as in Salí fue a correr; Les gusta estar es en la calle. We will use the data from El español hablado en Bogotá. Relatos semilibres de informantes pertenecientes a tres estratos sociales, by José Joaquín Montes Giraldo (1997), and a corpus created with the texts of Casa de Nariño, published by the Presidencia de la República de Colombia. Following Mercedes Sedano's precedent works for the phenomenon in Caracas, we will insist in the idea that these constructions are focal structures and they serve to communicate emphasis. We will resume the precedent research about the phenomenon, we will present our new data for the Spanish in Colombia, and we will study the emphatic mechanisms linked to the pragmatic motivation to create these syntactic constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to enumerate some of the most relevant, innovative and striking aspects founded in the New Grammar of the Spanish Language (NGRALE, for its acronym in Spanish), and it also can be used like a sort of reading guide. Besides, in some cases, several examples are included in order to facilitate the comprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of youth language has grown during the last decades, and covers quite a few of the particular features and ways of communicating that characterize young people. Contrastive studies in this area, however, are few and far between, no doubt due to the lack of corpora. In this paper, which is based on two corpora of youth language, COLT and COLAm, we compare some aspects of the use of the pragmatic markers like and como by adolescents in London and Madrid. Like and como are used for the same functions, although like is used twice as frequently as como. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the whole range of devices to express Verum Focus (or polarity focus) in Spanish is analysed. After having introduced the basic concepts needed for the analysis (Verum Focus, its syntactic manifestations and its semantic interpretation), the various constructions expressing Verum Focus, the conditions governing the way they fit into the context and their contribution to the interpretation of the discourse in which they occur are considered in detail. The asymmetries that arise are explained as the result of some structural differences. A principled account of the notion of "emphasis" is offered in terms of Verum Focus. The proposal is illustrated with examples from various corpora of contemporary Spanish. From a more general point of view, it is shown that current theoretical models can successfully account for the distribution and nuances of colloquial discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze Exonymy in Toponymy within the framework of the current Spanish language, i.e. the existence of place names that have been phonetically and graphically adapted into Spanish from their own forms in different languages, including other languages of Spain (Rumania, Pekín, Orense, Gerona…). Although there is a significant trend that seeks to limit the use of exonyms or exotoponyms, when they are traditional forms in language, they prove to be another of its components, and one that should not necessarily be eradicated. The study focuses on the use of exotoponyms in the media, from the rules in their respective Stylebooks. This is a good way to approach the reality of language, at least with regards to this aspect, since the discrepancies observed in them reflect, in many cases, the confusion that now surrounds this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the idea that the language used in today's financial press belongs to the speciality language field of Business Spanish, this paper provides a description and systematisation of the lexis used by financial journalists. For this purpose, having analysed a body of texts taken from contemporary financial newspapers, the lexis used is described on the basis of certain theoretical assumptions regarding the origin, security and functionality of this lexis. This analysis points to the conclusion that the lexis used can be divided into two groups: denoted, made up of monosemic lexical units, and connoted, lexical units with a specific meaning in the context of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper it will be pointed out that the infinitive constructions with perception and causative verbs in Spanish are double object sentences in which each object has a different degree of transitive prototypicity. Functionally, they are to some extent unstable structures which have to hold balance between three different forces: subject, object and infinitive, with a different way of interaction depending on the eventive structure of the sentence and the verb type. After studying separately perception and causative verbs, a tentative explanation of both verb types in terms of diathesis will be offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the impact that a standardized form of Spanish in current media may have on the Spanish-speaking people, especially in linguistic-contact situations in which media may be a crucial factor for both the growth and strength of a language, so that choosing a linguistic standard rather than another may become a major issue. It is concluded that a global, non-local Spanish standard, reflecting the current extension of the language, may serve both as a formal standard and as a learning device for bilingual speakers who lack total command of the language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the Spanish verb tener 'to have' when used in a collocation co-occurring with an emotion noun (tener miedo 'to be afraid'). From the semantic viewpoint, tener is a quasi-empty verb; from the syntactic one, it is construed with two diathesis: one with three syntactic actants (Todos le tenían respeto 'Everyone had respect towards him/her'), the other, with only two (Tuve una profunda emoción 'I felt a deep emotion'). Most of the emotion nouns go either with the former or with the latter diathesis, and only a small group combines with both of them (La gente tiene miedo a la Policía/La gente tiene miedo (de la Policía) 'People are afraid of the Police'). The objective will be to find evidence of tener as an aspectual marker through the use of this double diathesis. The results will be applied in the elaboration of lexical entries for collocates in the Diccionario de colocaciones del español. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the analysis of a group of headlines appearing in pieces of news belonging to the sections of national and international politics, and published -between May 25th and June 11th, 2006- in the e-editions of several Spanish newspapers, as well as in e-editions of newspapers from some American countries (Argentina, Colombia, Cuba, Chile, Ecuador, México, Perú, Puerto Rico, Venezuela and the United States). This article is part of the research project "Norma, discurso y español 'panhispánico' en los medios de comunicación", directed by Ph. D. Ana Ma. Vigara Tauste (UCM), with reference HUM-200500956/FILO (Plan Nacional de I + D + I). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interjections in Spanish such as ojo, cuidado, anda, mira, oye, etc., are phrases or categories that have lost their morphological features and original meaning. These interjections can be accompanied by a complement introduced by the conjunction "que" ("that") that has an evidential meaning. This hypothesis means that the sequence denotes an evidential value related to the type and source of the information. In this paper, I will analyze the contexts in which we can find interjections with complements in order to demonstrate that the interjections I will study are elements with evidential meaning: This is the reason why interjections can denote the speaker's point of view. I will also suggest that interjections, when co-appearing with the conjunction "que" ("that"), can refer to a previous context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spanish linguistic identity is very solid, but native speakers do not always demonstrate uniformity in their way of denominating the language, "Spanish or Castilian?" Some show synonymy, generally preferring one of the two terms; others opt for the more modern and international term: Spanish. Through the preference of the term "Castilian" we can track the inheritance and influence of 19th century educational politics or a range of circumstantial sociopolitical attitudes which are far removed from the language. In environments in which non-native, second or foreign languages are taught, the language is unanimously denominated ,Spanish; however; above all there exist doubts among non-native teachers and in non-Hispanic countries as to what name should be used to refer to the language. This uncertainty is a reflection of the long-standing controversy abetted by the fact that the very maturity of the Spanish nation as a modern state occurred after its power and language had spread extensively; the terms for the language are therefore consequently controversial as well. This paper studies the constitutions of Hispanic countries in respect to whether or not a name is recognized for their official language (with special attention being given to the Spanish Constitution due to its complexity), and they are contrasted with a study of occurrences of the terms Spanish and Castilian in the Spanish Diachronic corpus (CORDE) and the Present corpus (CREA) of RAE, for all Hispanic countries. Additionally, results of the agreements between the worldwide Academies of the Spanish Language are presented as they are reflected in the definitions in the Diccionario de la Lengua Española (the most updated, electronic version) and the Diccionario Panhispánico de Dudas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]