Recent clinical trials of as-needed fixed-dose combination of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/formoterol have provided new evidence that may warrant a reconsideration of current practice. A Task Force was set up by the European Respiratory Society to provide evidence-based recommendations on the use of as-needed ICS/formoterol as treatment for mild asthma. The Task Force defined two questions that were assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. The Task Force utilised the outcomes to develop recommendations for a pragmatic guideline for everyday clinical practice. The Task Force suggests that adults with mild asthma use as-needed ICS/formoterol instead of regular ICS maintenance treatment plus as-needed short-acting β 2 -antagonist (SABA) and that adolescents with mild asthma use either as-needed ICS/formoterol or ICS maintenance treatment plus as-needed SABA (conditional recommendation; low certainty of evidence). The recommendation for adults places a relatively higher value on the reduction of systemic corticosteroid use and the outcomes related to exacerbations, and a relatively lower value on the small differences in asthma control. Either treatment option is suggested for adolescent patients as the balance is very close and data more limited. The Task Force recommends that adult and adolescent patients with mild asthma use as-needed ICS/formoterol instead of as-needed SABA (strong recommendation; low certainty of evidence). This recommendation is based on the benefit of as-needed ICS/formoterol in mild asthma on several outcomes and the risks related to as-needed SABA in the absence of anti-inflammatory treatment. The implementation of this recommendation is hampered in countries (including European Union countries) where as-needed ICS/formoterol is not approved for mild asthma., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: A. Papi reports grants from Chiesi, AstraZeneca, GSK, Sanofi and Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA), consulting fees from Chiesi, AstraZeneca, GSK, Novartis, Sanofi, Avillion and Elpen Pharmaceutica, lecture honoraria from Chiesi, AstraZeneca, GSK, Menarini, Novartis, Zambon, Munidpharma, Sanofi, Edmond Pharma, IQVIA, Avillion and Elpen Pharmaceuticals, and advisory board participation with Chiesi, AstraZeneca, GSK, MSD, Novartis, Sanofi, IQVIA, Avillion and Elpen Pharmaceuticals, outside the submitted work. I. Agache reports lecture honoraria from Stallergennes, Pfizer and Sanofi, and advisory board participation with Pfizer, outside the submitted work. E. Baraldi reports lecture honoraria from AstraZeneca and Sanofi, outside the submitted work. R. Beasley reports grants from AstraZeneca, Genentech and Health Research Council New Zealand, consulting fees, lecture honoraria, travel support and advisory board participation with AstraZeneca, Cipla, Avillion, Health Research Council New Zealand, CSL Seqirus and Teva, outside the submitted work; R. Beasley is also chair of the Asthma and Respiratory Foundation NZ adolescent and adult asthma guidelines, member of the GOLD Board, and consultant for GINA. G. Brusselle reports lecture honoraria from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GSK, Novartis, Merck, Sharp & Dohme and Sanofi, outside the submitted work. C. Coleman is an employee of the European Lung Foundation. M. Gaga reports a role as Alternate Minister of Health, Greece, outside the submitted work. E. Melén has received consulting fees from ALK, AstraZeneca, Chiesi, Novartis and Sanofi, outside the submitted work. I.D. Pavord reports speaker fees from Aerocrine AB, Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GSK, Novartis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sanofi and Teva, consultant fees from Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GSK, Novartis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sanofi, Teva, Circassia, Dey Pharma, Genentech, Knopp Biosciences, Merck, MSD, Napp Pharmaceuticals, RespiVert and Schering-Plough, payments for organisation of educational events from AstraZeneca, GSK, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sanofi and Teva, international scientific meeting sponsorship from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GSK, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sanofi, Teva and Napp Pharmaceuticals, and research grants from Chiesi, outside the submitted work. D. Peñate Gómez works as PMO Analyst at Asthma and Lung UK. A. Spanevello reports lecture honoraria, travel support and advisory board participation with Chiesi, AstraZeneca and GSK, outside the submitted work. T. Tonia acts as ERS methodologist. F. Schleich reports grants from GSK, AstraZeneca and Chiesi, lecture honoraria from GSK, AstraZeneca, Chiesi and Teva, and advisory board participation with GSK and AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright ©The authors 2023. For reproduction rights and permissions contact permissions@ersnet.org.)