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This study aimed to investigate the effects of two types of peanuts, regular Hanoch (HN) and a new high-oleic cultivar., Hanoch-Oleic (HO), on metabolic parameters and gut microbiota composition. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a normal diet (ND) or ND supplemented with HN (NDh) or HO (NDo). Following 18 weeks of diet regimen, the NDo group exhibited reduced body weight and peri-gonadal adipose-to-body weight ratio, paralleled to lesser food consumption. Although blood levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, free fatty acids, and liver enzyme levels did not differ between groups, decreased insulin sensitivity was found in the NDh group. Within adipose tissue, the expression of lipolytic and lipogenic enzymes was higher, while those related to lipid oxidation were lower in the NDh group compared to the NDo group. Additionally, HO peanuts consumption promoted the establishment of a healthy microbiota, with an enhanced abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Coprococcus genera. In conclusion, the inclusion of the HO peanut cultivar., rather than the conventional peanut cultivar., in a balanced diet was related to better metabolic outcomes and was linked to a favorable microbiota profile.

A new Israeli-developed peanut cultivar, “Hanoch-Oleic” (HO), uniquely contains enlarged oleic acid contents and was designed to confer additional beneficial effects over the traditional cultivar, “Hanoch” (HN). This work elucidates metabolic changes and microbiota adaptations elicited by HO addition to a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6 mice were fed for 18 weeks with a normal diet or a HFD with/without the addition of HN (HFDh) or HO (HFDo). Body-weight did not differ between HFD-fed mice groups, while liver and adipose weight were elevated in the HFDh and HFD groups, respectively. Insulin-sensitivity (IS) was also decreased in these groups, though to a much greater extent in the traditional peanuts-fed group. Modifications in lipids metabolism were evident by the addition of peanuts to a HFD. Liver inflammation seems to return to normal only in HFDh. Peanuts promoted an increase in α-diversity, with HFDo exhibiting changes in the abundance of microbiota that is primarily associated with ameliorated gut health and barrier capacity. In conclusion, the HO cultivar appears to be metabolically superior to the traditional peanut cultivar and was associated with an improved inflammatory state and microbial profile. Nevertheless, IS-negative effects reinforced by peanuts addition, predominantly NH, need to be comprehensively defined.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and gut dysbiosis. Gut microbiota profoundly affects the host energy homeostasis, which, in turn, is affected by a high-fat diet (HFD) through the liver-gut axis, among others. Broccoli contains beneficial bioactive compounds and may protect against several diseases. This study aimed to determine the effects of broccoli supplementation to an HFD on metabolic parameters and gut microbiome in mice. Male (7–8 weeks old) C57BL/J6 mice were divided into four groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet+10% broccoli florets (HFD + F), and high-fat diet + 10% broccoli stalks (HFD + S). Liver histology and serum biochemical factors were evaluated. Alterations in protein and gene expression of the key players in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as in gut microbiota alterations were also investigated. Broccoli florets addition to the HFD significantly reduced serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR index, and upregulated adiponectin receptor expression. Conversely, no significant difference was found in the group supplemented with broccoli stalks. Both broccoli stalks and florets did not affect fat accumulation, carbohydrate, or lipid metabolism-related parameters. Modifications in diversity and in microbial structure of proteobacteria strains, Akermansia muciniphila and Mucispirillum schaedleri were observed in the broccoli-supplemented HFD-fed mice. The present study suggests that dietary broccoli alters parameters related to insulin sensitivity and modulates the intestinal environment. More studies are needed to confirm the results of this study and to investigate the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects.