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The real-time dynamic coupling under the virtual-coupling technology guarantees running multi-group trains in different sections based on passenger flow's spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. It enables more flexible transport organization modes such as full-length and short-turn routing and the express/local stop mode. Utilizing the redundant capacity of the airport line to carry out coordinated transportation of passengers and goods is an essential means of relieving urban traffic pressure, saving energy, and protecting the environment. To promote urban rail transit to achieve the goal of "double-carbon," the optimization of passenger and freight cooperative transport schemes based on the virtual coupling technology for the airport line of the rail transit is investigated. Based on the train operation of full-length and short-turn routing under the virtual-coupling technology, according to the unbalanced distribution characteristics of passenger and freight flows in urban rail transit, this paper constructs an optimization model of urban rail transit capacity allocation to minimize passenger travel costs, enterprise operation costs, and carbon emission costs, and considering the constraints of the carbon emission policy, with the constraints such as the train operation safety, the constraints of the balance of the passenger flow and freight flow loading. The multi-objective model to solve the optimization problem has been designed. Given the complexity of the multi-objective model solution, an improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm is designed, and the algorithm makes use of the screening function of the constraints during the initial population generation process, which effectively balances the relationship between the whole process of screening and time-consumption of the NSGA-II algorithm. Taking Wuxi Metro Line 3 as an example, the results show that: (i) Compared with the traditionally large and small crossing mode, full-length and short-turn routing of virtual coupling Trains proposed in this paper can reduce the average waiting time of passengers by about 2.01min, the cost of carbon emission by 15.7% and the cost of enterprise operation by 20.2%, and at the same time, improve the average total rate by about 50%, which verifies that the virtual formation technology is conducive to improving the efficiency of passenger travel and reducing the operating cost and the carbon cost. It is also beneficial for improving passenger traveling efficiency. (ii)The single-alignment fixed configuration mode, compared with the single-flow mode, can increase the average full-load rate by 26.6% while increasing the passenger travel cost by only 0.98% and reducing the carbon emission cost by a small margin; the virtual configuration technology based-on the large and smallalignment operation and transport scheme increases the passenger travel cost by about 0.3% and further reduces the carbon emission cost by 1.9%. They further reduced the carbon emission cost by 1.9% while increasing the average total occupancy rate by about 5.8%. The proposed models and algorithms provide some decision support for urban rail transit operators to optimize transport schemes under different carbon emission policies and the virtual coupling operation mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the influence of natural ventilation on the longitudinal temperature attenuation of cable tunnel wall fires. It took into account the effects of different fuel quantities, cable types, cable layers, and the number of cables per layer. Experimental tests were carried out in a cable tunnel. Results indicated that under natural ventilation the cable burns well. The cable total mass loss rate varies under different conditions. Moreover, under natural ventilation, cable combustion was affected by many factors. This paper analyzed the effect of natural ventilation on longitudinal dimensionless temperature attenuation. A mathematical model was proposed for longitudinal dimensionless temperature attenuation under natural ventilation cases. In addition, a predictive model for maximum temperature rise below the ceiling was proposed to address the effects of heat release rate (HRR) and ventilation on cable tunnel fires. The experimental results were compared with previous research results. Finally, this paper established a calculation equation for dimensionless fire source heat release rate. This paper provides guidance for the fire prevention of cable tunnels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum error correction lies at the heart of building reliable quantum information processing systems. Stabilizer codes, a fundamental class of quantum errorcorrecting codes, play a pivotal role in mitigating the adverse effects of noise and decoherence in quantum systems. This paper introduces a novel construction of quantum stabilizer codes using Hadamard difference sets, an elegant mathematical concept derived from combinatorial design theory. In this paper, the construction of the quantum stabilizer codes over non- cyclic Hadamard difference sets with parameters (4m²,2m²-m, m²-m), where m is a positive integer is discussed. Firstly, the parity check matrices are constructed from the Circulant permutation matrices with the help of Hadamard difference sets and then, the Symplectic inner product condition for Hadamard difference sets over binary operation for parity check matrices are obtained to affirm the commutative condition for Stabilizer operators which is vital for the error detection. For application, we constructed a Hadamard difference sets with parameters (16,6,2) for m = 2 of ordered pair of the group Z2 Z8 × (non-cyclic group) and quantum stabilizer codes are obtained by parity-check matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ERP provides a powerful guarantee and a basic platform for the centralized management of group funds. This paper uses Likert's five-point method to design questionnaires, obtain original data, and apply structural equation models. Then it establishes a framework for centralized management of corporate group funds in an ERP environment, collects data through questionnaires, and explores the framework for centralized management of corporate group funds under the ERP environment. It uses linear regression models to describe experts' recognition of the capital management framework by establishing a structural equation model to test the key factors influencing the construction of a centralized fund management system. Results show that the factors influencing the construction of the centralized fund management framework include: risk control, fund budget control, fund management decision-making system, online banking, financial, logistics and other modules in formation integration, and fund monitoring. This paper can help companies not only sort out the contexts, and strengthen capital management, but also improve the efficiency and effectiveness of financial monitoring, and increase the risk control of monetary capital management. It has important practical significance for strengthening group capital management and reducing capital costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the optimization design of capillary heat exchangers and their innovative engineering applications in buildings. The purpose of this study is to use a capillary heat exchanger as the front-end device of the heat pump in coastal areas to extract energy to facilitate the application of renewable energy in buildings. Firstly, in this paper, the main factors of capillary heat transfer efficiency were explored in areas near the coast. Secondly, for the sake of improve the heat transfer efficiency of the capillary heat exchanger, numerical calculations were carried out on the heat transfer of the capillary in the case of inconsistent operating patterns in the summer and winter months, respectively. The results showed that when the daily working time of the capillary heat exchanger was 8 hours, the temperature difference of the capillary inlet and outlet was 2.1 ℃. And the heat transfer rate was 87.1 W/m² . In summer, the temperature difference of the capillary inlet and outlet was 2.6 ℃. And the heat transfer rate was 107.8 W/m² . This article helps to promote innovative and sustainable technologies in coastland development, such as capillary heat exchangers and heat pumps, which could used in renewable energy extraction and building utilization in near coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researching and improving the low-temperature cold-start performance of PEMFC plays an important role in the promotion and application of PEMFC. Among them, auxiliary preheating is one of the key technologies to achieve fast cold start of PEMFC. In order to reveal the influence law of auxiliary preheating parameters on the cold start of PEMFC, the auxiliary preheating control strategy is proposed. In this paper, a mathematical model for PEMFC performance analysis is first established. On this basis, the influence law of preheating exhaust gas temperature and flow rate on PEMFC temperature rise process is studied. Based on the Screening optimization algorithm, the input and output parameters of the preheating process were optimized, and the optimal auxiliary preheating control parameters were determined under different starting temperatures. Finally, a start-up auxiliary preheating control strategy for different low-temperature environments is designed and performance verification is carried out. The results show that the auxiliary preheating control strategy proposed in this paper reduces the start-up time by 43% at -10 compared without the auxiliary preheating control. The auxiliary strategy designed in this paper is able to achieve normal startup of the PEMFC at -20 and -30. However, the PEMFC startup fails in both without the auxiliary modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide a detailed examination of inventory models with compounding interest that derived an approximated closed-form optimal solution. The goal of our paper is threefold. First, we find a criterion to guarantee the existence of the original optimal solution. Under the criterion, we prove the uniqueness of the original optimal solution. Second, because the source paper did not consider the zeros of the first derivative, we point out that the complicated discussion of the second derivative proposed by the source paper is useless in his derivations. Third, we provide our approximated closed-form optimal solution that is more accurate than the approximated closed-form optimal solution in the source paper. Numerical examples cited from the source paper support our claim. Our paper will provide significant improvements to the source paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quasi-interpolation operator is widely used in numerical approximation and numerical solutions of differential equations. This paper proposes a new multiquadric(MQ) quasi-interpolate and formulates a meshfree method for the Korteweg-de Vries(KdV) equation based on the proposed multiquadric quasi-interpolate. More specifically, based on the multiquadric function, a new univariate multiquadric(MQ) quasi-interpolation scheme is structured, which possesses high accuracy, simple structure, and ease of programming. Moreover, the error estimation of the new quasi-interpolate is shown in detail. Next, a meshfree method for the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) is proposed by using the novel multiquadric(MQ) quasi-interpolation operator. In the spatial direction, the derivative is approximated by the proposed multiquadric quasi-interpolate, and the forward divided difference approximates the temporal derivative. Several numerical examples are presented at the end of the paper to verify the expected approximation capability, and the experiment results show that the meshfree method (based on the new multiquadric(MQ) quasi-interpolation operator) is valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is is to investigate the critical speed and back-layer length of smoke propagation during fires of lithium-ion battery vehicles in tunnels. The combustion of lithium-ion battery vehicles in tunnels is numerically simulated. This article uses heat release rate (HRR) and ventilation rate to predict the length of smoke counterflow in tunnel fires with new energy vehicles. Temperature is an important parameter for calculating smoke counterflow. The temperature in the tunnel is measured by thermocouples. The results showed that dimensionless critical velocity influences dimensionless HRR. The numerical simulation results indicated that there is a certain correlation between the HRR variable, which corresponds to the dimensionless smoke counterflow length and the critical speed in the tunnel. This article proposed a computational model for predicting the length of smoke counterflow. This paper contributes to the prevention of tunnel fires and reduction of social and economic losses. Therefore, this paper guides the propagation of smoke under the roof of lithium-ion battery vehicle fires in tunnels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = (V,E) be a simple, connected and un-directed graph. We introduce a new notion of rainbow vertex antimagic coloring. This is a natural expansion of rainbow vertex coloring combined with antimagic labeling. For f: E(G) → {1, 2, . . ., |E(G)|}, the weight of a vertex v ∈ V (G) against f is wf (v) = Σe∈E(v)f(e), where E(v) is the set of vertices incident to v. The function f is called vertex antimagic edge labeling if every vertex has distinct weight. A path is considered to be a rainbow path if for each vertex u and v, all internal vertices on the u - v path have different weights. The rainbow vertex antimagic connection number of G, denoted by rvac(G), is the smallest number of colors taken over all rainbow colorings induced by rainbow vertex antimagic labelings of G. In this paper we aim to discover some new lemmas or theorems regarding to rvac(G). Furthermore, to see the robust application of rainbow vertex antimagic coloring, at the end of this paper we will illustrate the implementation of RVAC on spatial temporal graph neural networks (STGNN) multistep time series forecasting on subsidized diesel consumption of some petrol stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines several papers to study inventory models with back orders to provide a simpler solution procedure for EOQ/EPQ inventory models by using Arithmetic Geometric Mean inequality or Cauchy Bunyakovsky Schwarz inequality. We will point out that a paper implicitly adopted the fill rate from a published article without proper citation to convert two-variable minimum problems into one-variable problems. Hence, his simpler solution procedure is standing on the shoulder of a giant. We also provide detailed examinations for other three related papers that was related to our studied article to point out their contributions and questionable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present a complete and simplified solution procedure for the inventory model under trapezoidal type demand, Weibull-distributed deterioration, and partial backlogging. A published paper already provide a solution approach for this kind of inventory models. However, we will show that his approach is too complicated that depending on the partition the domain of a trapezoidal type demand to result in three sub-optimal problems. However, this paper will show that the already exist approach is correct but tedious. Moreover, a generalization of this kind of inventory systems from a trapezoidal type demand to any positive demand under a condition of generalized backlogged rate is also developed by this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the problem of finding the state transformation and feedback law for linearizing nonlinear systems. The construction of the state transformation and feedback law is proposed for two types of nonlinear systems. The steps are easy for practitioners to understand and follow. The result in this paper generalizes the well-known feedback linearization result for triangular systems by Meyer, Su, and Hunt. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the state transformation and feedback law's construction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose to study a solution approach for an inventory model regarding the use of the algebraic method to solve inventory problems. His process is more straightforward than other analytic methods based on calculus. However, there are questionable results contained in his approach. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, we point out the problems included in his process. Second, we prepare our corrected solution approach by the algebraic method. Third, for completeness, we list the questionable results in his paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a hybrid approach, merging the two-grid and domain decomposition strategies, to address the coupled Navier-Stokes-Darcy challenge, which is then elaborated and examined. First, the current Robin boundary condition-based domain decomposition technique is used to get the approximate solution on the coarse grid. Following the substitution of certain interface elements with coarse meshbased functions, an improved fine grid problem is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recycling and remanufacturing of materials is an important method of improving the efficiency of resource utilisation. However, it is often subject to financial constraints that increase the risk of chain breakage in the closed-loop supply chain of recycling and remanufacturing. Furthermore, market uncertainty exacerbates this risk. Consequently, it is necessary to investigate different financing models for the supply chain. In this paper, we utilise a closed-loop supply chain comprising a risk-averse manufacturer, a capital-constrained retailer and a remanufacturer responsible for recycling and remanufacturing as a case study. We employ game theory and mean-variance theory to investigate the financing strategies of the closed-loop supply chain under capital constraints. Firstly, a financing decision model in which the retailer has the ability to obtain bank loans is constructed as a reference model. On this basis, the financing model of commercial credit financing and the combined financing model of equity transfer and bank financing are considered separately in order to explore the impact of the retailer's financing strategy on heterogeneous product pricing and risk-averse supply chain returns. The computational results demonstrate that the manufacturer provides financial support to the remanufacturer by reducing the patent license fee, which enables the remanufacturer to invest more resources in recycling activities and, consequently, enhances the efficiency of resource utilization within the supply chain. The simulation results indicate that the retailer and the remanufacturer prefer the commercial credit financing model, although the combined strategy of equity transfer and bank financing can result in gains. It is also noteworthy that the manufacturer's risk aversion benefits not only the entire supply chain but also consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green credit financing is closely related to corporate credit rating, so conducting in-depth research on the differentiation of green credit has practical significance. For the three-stage supply chain system composed of risk avoidance suppliers, retailers and banks, suppliers face a capital gap to produce green products to meet market demand. Based on Stackelberg game theory, this paper establishes a bank green credit and mixed financing model to study the best financing strategy of suppliers under differentiated green credit. Research shows that credit rating is not always positively correlated with product greenness, and it is important for enterprises to improve their own credit rating; the higher the degree of suppliers' risk avoidance, the lower their utility profit; only when the green sensitivity coefficient is low, the conclusion that retailers are more willing to choose to cooperate with suppliers with high credit rating is inevitable; banks providing loans to suppliers with middle credit rating can maximize their profits, and providing loans to suppliers with high credit rating can better stimulate green production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, impulse control has been increasingly applied as a discontinuous control method across diverse domains such as satellite orbit transfers, financial market regulation, chaos synchronization, and communication security. This paper investigates an impulse synchronization strategy specifically tailored for chaotic financial systems. We propose a novel strategy grounded in Lyapunov stability theory and the maximum Lyapunov exponent, designed to synchronize chaotic financial systems effectively. Simulation experiments are conducted to validate the efficacy of our proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the notion of a soft topological transformation group is defined and studied. For a soft topological transformation group, it is proven that a map from a soft topological space onto itself is soft homeomorphism. The collection of all soft homeomorphisms of the given soft topological space onto itself constitutes soft topological group under composition. Subsequently, it is proved that there is a homomorphism between soft topological group and the group structure on the collection of all soft homeomorphisms of given topological space. Subsequently, it is shown that the mapping space Map(Y;Y) is soft Hausdorff and verified that any subspace of the mapping space is soft Hausdorff. Additionally, it is proved that the set of all soft homeomorphisms on Y forms a soft discrete space, soft extremally disconnected space, soft Moscow space and a soft Moscow topological group. Later, it is shown that the map from a soft topological group to a mapping space is soft continuous. Finally, it is proved that distinct group structure generates distinct collection of all soft homeomorphisms of the specified soft topological space onto itself is a soft isomorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem of passenger travel cost and full load rate balance before and after the implementation of cross-line operation in the peak period of urban rail transit (URT) passenger flow. This paper introduces the concept of section full load rate balance. According to the division of different types of passenger flow in the intersection mode of "X" and "Y" lines, based on the characteristics of passenger flow in peak passenger flow period, a mathematical model with cross-line operation mode turn-back station and operation frequency of train as decision variables is constructed to minimize passenger travel cost, full load rate balance objective function and enterprise operation cost. Taking the Changping Line and Line 8 in the Beijing URT system as examples, the validity of the model is verified. The results show that the operation mode of the cross-line train can alleviate the passenger flow pressure of the transfer station, reduce the overload of the original train on the line, improve the full load rate balance of the train, make the utilization of the transport capacity more balanced, and optimize the passenger ride experience. In addition, considering the operation of cross-line trains may increase the operating costs of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating railway capacity is both valuable and challenging. This paper introduces a novel approach to high-railway capacity calculation by incorporating cross-line trains. Leveraging the concept of compressing timetable diagrams, we generate diverse structured diagrams randomly and subsequently create a train timetable without buffer time using a genetic algorithm framework. We establish ideal arrival times for cross-line trains and comprehensively analyze the impact of these trains by comparing ideal and actual arrival times. Unlike traditional models that only consider single-line train operations, our model provides a more comprehensive evaluation of railway capacity. The NSGA-II algorithm developed for this model is innovative and efficient, generating a high-quality Pareto front solution set that offers multiple decision-making schemes for stakeholders. The results show that a heuristic algorithm can obtain a feasible solution more quickly when the objective is nonlinear. Compared with the ideal time deviation of cross-line trains without considering the ideal time deviation, the ideal time deviation derived by the heuristic algorithm is reduced by 93.2%; the GAP of train occupancy time obtained with the heuristic algorithm is 3.58%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, conducted within the purview of deformable fractional calculus, we explore a distinct class of fractional logistic differential equation models endowed with variable coefficient intrinsic growth rates. By using the intrinsic properties of deformable fractional calculus and employing precise analytical techniques, we have successfully deduced the analytical solution of the model. To further elucidate our main findings, we present detailed examples and perform corresponding numerical simulations. Remarkably, in contrast to the prevailing literature, the fractional logistic differential equation model examined herein incorporates a novel feature of variable coefficient intrinsic growth rates. Therefore, this work not only extends previous research results but also enriches the literature in the related field [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an examination of the conditional characteristic function, first hitting time problem and bond pricing under the CIR process with a threshold setting, also known as CIRT. To investigate the conditional characteristic function of CIRT, we solve an equation associated with the infinitesimal generator and its domain. Using a similar approach, we solve the bond pricing problem by introducing the sharpe ratio. All the results we were able to get are in closed form. Sensitive analysis is provided under various coefficients using graphical representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we aim to investigate a model for a single item production system (economic production quantity) under the assumption that the demand rate is triangular fuzzy number. The other parameters, the rate production, fixed cost production and inventory cost are to be constant. Hence, the length cycle production is fuzzy number. Furthermore, the holding cost per cycle is fuzzy. Here, we need fuzzy integral to compute fuzzy holding cost. Accordingly, the annual total cost is also fuzzy. Actually, we can not formulate membership function for fuzzy holding cost and fuzzy annual total cost. The fuzzy ranking cannot be used in this model. However, we will do it numerically by alpha-cut approach to plot the fuzzy costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical inference is a critical issue in the applications of uncertain differential equations. In this paper, such a parameter estimation problem is formulated for OrnsteinUhlenbeck process driven by Liu process from discrete observation. The contrast function is given to obtain the least squares estimators. The consistency and asymptotic distribution of two estimators are derived. Some numerical simulations and an empirical analysis on the loan interest rates of RMB under the real data are provided to verify the effectiveness of the estimation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, insurance companies face challenges in determining the Capital Requirement (CR) which is essential for business continuity. This situation could worsen if substantial number and amount of claims are requested by policyholders due to losses from catastrophic events such as floods, tsunamis, and earthquakes. In this paper, we propose a structured model to determine the CR for non-life insurance companies through loss ratios. Firstly, dependence structure among the business lines is modelled using copulas from both Elliptical and Archimedean copulas family with loss ratios from four business lines as the risk factors. The loss ratios are derived from incurred claims and earned premiums data of Malaysia’s non-life insurance businesses, such as Fire insurance, Motor insurance, Marine, Aviation and Transport (MAT) insurance, and Miscellaneous insurance. Subsequently, a combination of popular risk measures such as Value-at-Risk (VaR) and TailValue-at-Risk (TVaR) with a Drawable Vine (D-Vine) copulas model known as hybrid model is developed to estimate insurance companies’ risk capital. Finally, a simulation of Monte Carlo is commanded by calibrating data with our selected model to project the CR. This study contributes to the literature by addressing the problem of determining the appropriate CR for non-life insurance companies, proposing an empirical model based on real non-life insurance company data with a hybrid model built from risk measures and D-Vine copula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cliques are maximal complete subgraphs of a graph. A vertex v is said to vc-cover a clique C if v is in the clique C. A set S of vertices of a graph G is called a vccovering set of G if every clique of G is vc-covered by some vertex in S. The cardinality of the smallest vc-covering set of G is called the vc-covering number, denoted as αvc(G). In this paper, we define new parameters such as strong (weak) vccovering number and strong (weak) clique-free number, and we establish a relationship between them. We present an algorithm to find these numbers and obtain some bounds for the newly defined parameters. In addition, we define a partial order on the vertex set of a graph using clique degree conditions and study some of its properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An adjacent vertex strongly distinguishing totalcoloring of a graph G is a proper total-coloring such that no two adjacent vertices meet the same color set, where the color set of a vertex consists of all colors assigned on the vertex and its incident edges and neighbors. The minimum number of the required colors is called adjacent vertex strongly distinguishing total chromatic number, denoted by χast(G). In this paper, we first prove that χast(U) ≤ ∆(U) + 2 for a unicyclic graph U with ∆(U) ≥ 3. Then we completely determine the adjacent vertex strongly distinguishing total chromatic number of the unicyclic graph U with ∆(U) = 3, which further shows that the upper bound of χast(U) ≤ ∆(U) + 2 is sharp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commensal symbiosis system with the Allee effect and single feedback control is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The stability analysis of all possible equilibrium points is discussed, and the sufficient conditions for global stability of the interior equilibrium points are obtained. The occurrence of transcritical bifurcation and saddle-node bifurcation around the equilibrium points is investigated. Finally, the main results of the model are illustrated by numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Map matching is a technology that aligns users' GPS position sequence with the road network on a digital map. Under low-sampling-rate conditions, existing interactive voting-based map matching algorithm leads to mismatching and low matching efficiency. Considering such problems, this paper proposes an improved interactive voting-based map matching algorithm considering path correlation by optimizing the observation probability and transition probability formulas to improve spatiotemporal analysis. Average speed and sampling time are used to estimate the path length and analyze the correlation between the estimated path and the actual path in order to reduce mismatching and improve the accuracy of matching. Utilizing three constraint conditions to filter erroneous candidate road segments improves accuracy and reduces matching time. The experimental results show that under various road conditions, the improved algorithm outperforms the compared algorithms. The matching accuracy can be maintained at over 90%, and the matching time is reduced by about 1ms compared to the comparison algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological indices provide valuable insights into various physical, chemical, and biological properties of molecules. Topological indices are correlated with various physicochemical properties of molecules, including boiling point, melting point, stability, distortion, strain energy, and ultimately biological activity. QSAR models utilize statistical techniques to establish quantitative relationships between these descriptors and the observed biological activity of compounds. By analyzing a dataset of molecules with known biological activities and their corresponding topological indices, QSAR models can predict the activity of new compounds based solely on their structural features. The M-polynomial provides information about the closed form of topological indices based on the degrees of the molecular graph. In this paper, we compute the M-polynomial of some families of graphs, tadpole, helm, gear, friendship, and fan graph. Further, we compute various topological indices for the above-mentioned graph in M-polynomial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach to deal with multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problems under type-2 single valued neutrosophic set (T2SVNS) environment. Firstly, we give the concepts of single valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) and T2SVNS, and then we define probabilistic operators with T2SVN information. Secondly, two type of binary logarithm similarity measures (BLSM) and weighted binary logarithm similarity measures (WBLSM) for T2SVNSs are defined. Hybrid binary logarithm similarity measure (HBLSM) and weighted hybrid binary logarithm similarity measure (WHBLSM) for T2SVNSs are also defined. In addition, a MCGDM model based on TOPSIS method is proposed under T2SVNS environment. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the M/M/c queueing system with server working breakdown and impatient customers under the classical truncated retry strategy. The steady-state equilibrium conditions of the system are obtained using the matrixgeometric solution method. Then the steady-state probabilities and the performance indicators of the system in the steadystate case are obtained using the Markov process theory and Gauss-Seidel iterative algorithm. Numerical experiments are conducted to assess the system’s steady-state performance indicators. Finally, we developed an optimization model for the system and derived the optimal parameters from the analysis of the optimization function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the impact of slip condition, radiation, constant heat and mass flux subjected to chemical reaction on an unsteady viscoelastic periodic flow is investigated. Further, the effect of an inclined magnetic field, heat source and diffusive thermodynamics of incompressible and electrically conductive fluid are also analyzed. The governing non-linear partial differential equations are solved by perturbation method. The final expressions for flow variables and their corresponding gradients at lower plate y = 0 are furnished. It is observed that the diffusive thermo effect Df improves the velocity and reduces skin friction for large values, an angle of inclination ψ and heat source parameter Q enhance velocity while the viscoelastic parameter decreases the same. Df and Q have opposite effects on temperature and subsides the heat transfer for enlarged values, and it is also noted that the effects of Re, Sc, and Kr increase the mass transfer as seen in the plotted graphs. Additionally, the effect of non-dimensional parameters Gr, Re, Pe, N and H on flow variables and their gradients at y = 0 are portrayed by graph’s and subsequently discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with the problem of nonparametric estimation for stochastic processes driven by alpha-stable processes of the second kind. The consistency and the asymptotic distribution of the nonparametric estimator are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The common spatial patterns (CSP) is a widely used EEG feature extractor for motor imagerybased brain-computer interfaces, with the optimal spatial filter formulated as a generalized Rayleigh quotient. However, the traditional CSP uses Euclidean metric, which ignores the specific geometric structure of symmetry positive definite (SPD) matrices, resulting in issues such as swelling effect, noncomplete space, and indefinite matrices. Methods: To address these limitations, this paper introduces three alternative approaches with considering the geometric properties of SPD matrices. The geometry-aware CSP with diagonalization (gaCSPd) replaces the Euclidean means in the joint diagonalization principle of CSP with Riemannian means. The geometry-aware CSP with maximum discriminative information between classes (gaCSPb) aims to find an optimal projection matrix on a Riemannian manifold while maximizing the Riemannian distance between classes. The geometry-aware CSP with maximum within-class variance (gaCSPw) seeks a low-dimensional submanifold with the maximum intra-class variance in the projected data. Results: Experiment results on two BCI competition datasets demonstrate the competitiveness against state-of-the-art methods and confirm the effectiveness of geometry-aware CSP as a feature extractor for motor imagery-based brain-computer interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how to derive multidimensional conformable diffusion equation from continuous time random walks process by employing fractional Laplace transform and the conformable fractional derivative defined by Khalil et al in [10]. The results show that there exists intimate relationship between the stretched exponential function and conformable diffusion equation involving the conformable fractional derivative. The relationship is analogous to the relationship between the exponential function and usual diffusion equation involving usual derivative and the relationship between the Mittag-Leffler function and subdiffusion or slow diffusion equation involving Caputo fractional derivative. Multidimensional conformable FokkerPlanck equation is also derived here. The equation describes diffusion process influenced by external force fields. Conformable semigroup associated with the solution to the conformable diffusion equation has similar properties to the properties of the semigroup associated with the solution to usual diffusion except the semigroup property. For sufficiently large time, the graphs of the solution to the conformable diffusion equation and the subdiffusion equation involving Caputo fractional derivative are sufficiently close. Especially, for, the graphs are sufficiently close for . In presence of nonzero constant external force fields, the particle involved in the diffusion process moves faster toward the directions of the external force fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a predictive control algorithm for the speed and displacement tracking of urban rail trains. Firstly, the train dynamics model is constructed considering the resistance existing in the actual operational scenarios. Secondly, based on the model predictive control (MPC) framework, a control objective function for tracking the desired speed and displacement and the stable change of control quantities is designed. Finally, combined with constraints of the train operation, the proposed MPC algorithm for the train tracking control problem is transformed into quadratic programming with inequality constraints, thereby facilitating a solution with the commonly-used solvers. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively enhance the speed and displacement control performance while improving energy efficiency, ensuring the safety, stability, and riding comfort of the train. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If p(z) = Xn ν=0 aνz ν is a polynomial of degree n having all its zeros in |z| ≤ k, k ≥ 1, Jain [Bull. Math. Soc. Sci. Math. Roumania Tome, 59(2016), 339-347] proved max |z|=1 |p′ (z)| ≥ nAk max |z|=1 |p(z)|, where Ak = ( |a0| + |an|k n+1/ |ao|(1 + k n+1) + |an|(k n+1 + k 2n) ) . In this paper, we initially derive a generalized form that not only encompasses but also enhances the aforementioned inequality. Additionally, we extend this formulation to a more comprehensive result, thereby producing an improved outcome for certain established inequalities as a specific instance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we construct a new 4 - D hyperchaotic system with a nonlinear term in the form of an exponential function. The system is derived from a modified 3 - D Lü system. Firstly, we discuss the qualitative properties of the proposed system, using tools such as hyperchaotic attractors, symmetry, dissipation, equilibrium points, and Lyapunov spectrum for analysis. Next, we present an adaptive controller for stability analysis of the system. An active controller is designed to achieve complete synchronization between two identical systems. All stability results are established using Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, numerical examples and computer simulations are provided to illustrate the main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a response to a paper on group decision problems in a linguistic environment. We show that their M1 model can be directly solved by Schwarz inequality to avoid using the Lagrange multiplier methods. Moreover, their M2 model can also be solved by our modification of applying Schwarz inequality to avoid referring to soft ware of MatLab with Lingo or Lindo soft ware package or optimization toolbox. The same numerical examples are provided to illustrate our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the power method is discussed in mathematical detail with respect to the convergence, analysis, numerical computations and multiplicity. Deflation as well as avoiding deflation are described for symmetric positive definite matrices. Variations of the power method are discussed. Projections are applied to some distributions of the spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality monitoring in the welding process of ship construction has been carried out using a rejection ratio. However, this approach is ambiguous and does not provide a clear indication of whether the welding process is under control. Statistical quality control (SQC) is a more effective method of quality monitoring that can provide a more definitive assessment of the welding process. In this paper, we propose a new SQC method for the welding process based on the demerit chart. The demerit chart is a statistical tool that uses a weighted sum of defect sizes to assess the quality of a product. We have developed a new demerit chart that is based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a decision-making method that can be used to assign weights to different factors. We evaluated the performance of our new demerit chart using data from a ship construction project. The results showed that our demerit chart was able to detect welding defects that were not detected by the rejection ratio method. We also found that our demerit chart was more sensitive to changes in the welding process than the rejection ratio method. Our results suggest that the demerit chart is a more effective method of quality control for the welding process than the rejection ratio method. The demerit chart is capable of detecting welding defects that are not detected by the rejection ratio method, and it is more sensitive to changes in the welding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-ray security inspection for detecting prohibited items is widely used to maintain social order and ensure the safety of people's lives and property. Due to the large number of parameters and high computational complexity, most current object detection models are challenging to deploy on portable mobile security inspection devices. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv7-tiny model for application in prohibited item detection tasks. Firstly, the feature extraction backbone network is replaced with the lightweight GhostNet network to reduce computational complexity and improve detection speed. Secondly, the FPN in the Neck is replaced with BiFPN, further reducing computational complexity and memory access through skip connections. Finally, a lightweight CA attention mechanism is embedded between the Backbone and Neck layers, and the Focal-EIoU Loss function is employed to enhance the detection capability for small-sized items. Experimental results on the SIXray public dataset show a 14.8% reduction in model parameters, a 19.7% reduction in computational complexity, and a 15.9% reduction in volume after the improvements. The detection speed increases from 82.4 to 90.2, and the detection accuracy for prohibited items reaches 90.3%. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved model achieves overall lightweighting while maintaining a high detection rate and improving detection speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological indices are numerical descriptors obtained using a molecular graph in order to study the medications thoroughly. They are used in the analysis and forecasting of various pharmaceuticals' physicochemical features. In this paper, a few degree-based topological indices of drugs - Apixaban, Betrixaban, Rivaroxaban, Edoxaban Warfarin, Clopidogrel, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin, and Atorvastatin which are used in the treatment of stroke have been computed. Also, we have shown the correlation and standard error of the estimate with the physico-chemical properties of medications used in the treatment of stroke. This will help the pharmaceutical people to understand the properties of drugs without the process of experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticides are the most common method used to eliminate pests, including aphids. Pesticides are the most common method used to eliminate pests, including aphids. Nonetheless, numerous farmers incorporate ladybugs into their pest management strategies as they serve as natural predators of aphids. By integrating these methods, farmers aim to achieve optimal outcomes in mitigating the detrimental effects of aphids on the agricultural sector. In this paper, the dynamics of interactions between aphids and ladybugs, including the impact of pesticides on aphid mortality, are represented using a system of nonlinear differential equations. This study treats the parameter representing aphid mortality caused by pesticides as a fuzzy number to account for variations in resistance levels. Additionally, the model incorporates four parameters that depict the interaction between aphids and ladybugs beyond considering the effect of pesticides. The parameters include the proportion of aphids consumed by ladybugs, the proportion of aphids capable of evading ladybugs, and the growth rates of both aphids and ladybugs. The triangular form is chosen to depict the fuzzy membership function because it reflects the resistance of aphids when pesticides are applied excessively. The dynamic model, incorporating a fuzzy parameter, is transformed into discrete-time models using the Non-Standard Finite Difference (NSFD) method for simulation purposes. The simulation outcomes align with the analysis findings, indicating a potential equilibrium between the populations of aphids and ladybugs. Various examinations on the impact of fuzzy pesticide parameters on the growth of aphids and ladybugs are provided. The findings demonstrate that pesticide application can substantially decrease the aphid population and can be tailored based on the interplay between aphids and ladybugs. Moreover, pesticide usage can be diminished with heightened ladybug growth and predation rates, thereby minimizing the occurrence of resistant aphids and enhancing the effectiveness of pesticide application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a decision-making approach grounded in rough set theory and evidential reasoning to address the demand for expert decision-making in greenhouse environmental control systems. Furthermore, a decision-making model is developed by integrating the D-S evidence theory with an expert knowledge table for greenhouse environmental control systems. The model's reasoning process encompasses continuous attribute discretization, expert decision table formation, attribute reduction, and evidence combination reasoning. Firstly, the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is employed to discretize the original environmental data and cluster it. Subsequently, an attribute reduction algorithm based on information entropy is utilized to optimize the decision table by eliminating unnecessary conditional attributes in expert knowledge. The reduced indicators are then combined using evidential theory. Finally, suitable greenhouse control methods are determined by the confidence decision proposed by the D-S evidence theory. To assess the efficacy of this intelligent decision-making algorithm based on rough set and D-S evidence theory, its performance is compared with traditional SVM algorithms and small-shot learning algorithms. The results indicate that this proposed method significantly enhances the credibility of control decision-making processes, with an average running time of 0.002378s for the fusion decision algorithm and 0.017939s for the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, respectively. The SVM accuracy rate after testing and training stands at 90.34%. Moreover, retraining based on information entropy attribute reduction leads to a correct decision rate increase of up to 100%. This method notably improves confidence levels in decision-making processes while reducing uncertainty and demonstrates reliability when applied in making decisions regarding greenhouse environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish inequalities concerning the growth of polynomials involving the polar derivative of the polynomials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the single-index varyingcoefficient quantile model with missing covariates at random. Firstly, some estimators of index parameters and their corresponding linkage function are given by using the inverse probability weighting method for missing data in two cases including parameter estimation and non-parametric estimation for the single-index varying-coefficient quantile regression model. In particular, the latter case focuses on the study of both known and unknown probability functions. Secondly, the established estimators are proved to be asymptotic normal under some suitable regularity conditions. Finally, the simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the finite sample performance of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progressive iterative approximation (PIA) is a versatile method for interpolating or fitting a given data set. The convergence behavior of PIA plays a pivotal role in determining the computational efficiency of data interpolation or fitting. This paper introduces an accelerated iterative approach, GS-PIA, derived from the Gauss-Seidel splitting, specifically designed for interpolating data points. The convergence and computational cost of the proposed iterative method are discussed. Numerical results underscore the superiority of GS-PIA in data interpolation when compared to other existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]