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This article discusses an advanced method for estimating dc conductivity of oil using parameters evaluated under switching impulse voltage application. Firstly, the effectiveness of switching impulse application for assessing the condition of oil–paper insulation is investigated. Thereafter, the evaluated parameters under switching impulse voltage are fitted by Havriliak and Negami (HN) model for estimating the oil conductivity. The method is applied on oil-impregnated pressboards containing different moistures and a distribution transformer for experimental investigation. Moreover, the limitations of the proposed method are also discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an advanced technique for calculating activation energy of oil-impregnated pressboard through dielectric response current measurement under switching impulse voltage at different temperatures. The proposed technique analyzes the measured impulse voltage and current signals to formulate its equivalent circuit at different temperatures. The equivalent circuit parameters are utilized to determine the shifting of ac conductivity curve along frequency axis with variations in temperatures. Based on the shifted ac conductivity curves at different temperatures, the corresponding activation energy of the insulation is estimated. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is investigated through a few laboratory prepared test samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging sensitive parameters like dissipation factor, oil and paper conductivity and paper moisture can be estimated from insulation model parameterized using polarization current to assess the condition of transformer insulation. However, polarization current measurement is a time-consuming offline technique. During measurement, variation of environmental conditions (especially temperature) affects the monotonically decreasing nature of recorded data. Analysis of such affected data lead to incorrect conclusion regarding insulation condition. Power transformer being a crucial equipment, utility prefer to reduce its shut down time to minimum amount. In this paper a technique is discussed through which the polarization current measurement time can be reduced significantly. Several transformer data are used for verification of developed method. Presented results show that measurement data corresponding to only 10 minutes is sufficient to estimate the remaining data through the application of discussed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel technique to estimate activation energy of oil-paper insulation in power transformer from time domain spectroscopy recoded at any given temperature. Existing literatures show that, remaining life of transformer insulation can be estimated if the information regarding its activation energy can be obtained. The activation energy of transformer insulation can be obtained based on its frequency spectrum measured at two different temperatures. However, it is quite difficult to record the frequency spectrum at two different temperatures for the transformers which are operating in the field. Considering the aforesaid difficulty, in the present work, a technique is adopted that can evaluate the activation energy of transformer insulation based on the time domain spectroscopy data recorded at a temperature. In order to investigate the effectiveness, the proposed technique is applied to a test sample having preset moisture content to estimate its activation energy. The estimated activation energy using the proposed technique, is validated with the results obtained using other existing technique. The proposed technique is then applied to several real-life power transformers to estimate their corresponding activation energy. The estimated activation energy for the transformers is used to assess their remaining life. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Aging sensitive information related to cellulosic insulation can be obtained from the monotonically decaying dielectric relaxation function ?(?). Several circuits comprising of energy storing and dissipating elements are reported for modeling the dielectric relaxation function. Maxwell's ladder structure is one of the most popular approaches for modeling the dielectric response. For better modeling of dielectric response, a modified Maxwell's ladder structure is also reported that considers the effect of the aging due to the presence of a radial temperature gradient. In this paper it is proposed that for more accurate modeling of the dielectric response, the axial temperature gradient present in an operating transformer must also be taken into consideration. A further improved Maxwell two parameter model has been proposed that incorporates the effect of such axial temperature distribution. In the proposed technique each series branch of the two parameter model has been further divided into a number of parallel branches representing the effect of aging due to axial temperature gradient. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper proposes a method for estimation of tanδ of cellulosic parts in oil-paper insulation from frequency domain spectroscopy based on equivalent circuit model of oil-paper insulation in real-life transformers. Existing literature shows that overall condition of oil-paper insulation in transformer can be assessed by conventional frequency domain spectroscopy. Also, the condition of oil can be separately and easily predicted through analyzing its dielectric properties by taking out the oil samples from transformer. However, it is quite difficult to assess the dielectric properties of cellulosic parts in oil-paper insulation as it cannot be directly accessed from outside for an operating transformer. Considering the aforesaid fact, this paper presents a segregated equivalent circuit model of composite oil-paper insulation that can separately estimate the tanδ profiles for oil as well as cellulosic parts. The tanδ profiles of cellulosic parts obtained from the equivalent circuit model have been validated experimentally. Results show that the tan? profile obtained from experimental result holds good agreement with that of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

When an alternating voltage is applied to a dielectric material, dipoles in the material try to align in the direction of the applied voltages and polarization process starts. For multi-dielectric media especially in which a liquid interface is involved, such as oilpaper insulation, interfacial polarization is predominantly active among all polarization processes. This interfacial polarization is a very slow process and is effective in lower frequency range. This interfacial polarization reflects the inherent condition of the oilpaper insulation. Due to this reason, frequency domain spectroscopy is performed in lower frequency range to assess the condition of oil-paper insulation. So, the time required for frequency response measurement using conventional frequency domain spectroscopy is quite long. Considering the aforesaid facts, a different procedure has been taken here to measure the dielectric response in a significantly lesser time keeping the entire frequency range of conventional frequency domain spectroscopy. Instead of using pure sinusoidal excitation voltages over wide frequency range, dielectric response current has been measured using excitation having time growing frequency sweep (TGFS) signal. For this purpose, test samples that emulate the oil-paper insulation of real-life transformer have been prepared in the laboratory. The moisture contents of the test samples have been kept different to investigate the reliability of the proposed method. A setup has been made in the laboratory to measure dielectric response currents using the both excitations. In order to investigate the applicability of the proposed method, experiment has also been performed on actual transformers. It has been observed that the use of excitation signal having time growing frequency sweep provides almost similar information regarding insulation condition as obtained by the use of conventional sinusoidal excitation voltages. Hence, the proposed method is capable of reduction in time in FDS nearly by an amount of 85%. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents a novel technique to determine the optimized slope of triangular excitation in frequency domain spectroscopy that can provide better information about condition of oil-paper insulation. In conventional frequency domain spectroscopy, estimation of frictional losses due to the interactions of oscillating dipoles helps in investigating insulation condition. But, different types of dipoles in insulation cannot have similar dielectric relaxation times. Therefore, excitation having multiple frequencies is necessary for the dipoles to undergo more synchronized oscillations. This synchronized oscillation of dipoles reduces the inter-dipolar interactions and provides better information regarding insulation condition. Hence, in this work, triangular excitation is used for frequency domain spectroscopy since its harmonic contents can be varied by changing the slope. The slope of the triangular excitation is optimized to obtain more accurate information about the insulation condition. The optimized triangular excitation for insulation is determined using the proposed equivalent circuit model. To experimentally determine the effectiveness of the model, three test samples having preset moisture content in paper have been prepared in the laboratory. The optimized triangular excitations are then applied to the test samples to estimate their insulation condition. Experimental results show that the use of optimized triangular excitation provides information regarding the condition of oil-paper insulation with greater accuracy. In order to investigate the applicability of the proposed equivalent circuit model, the experiment has also been performed on real-life transformers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]