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This study aimed to obtain a pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis method with high enzymatic digestibility at low enzyme loading from reed. Meanwhile, the three major components of reed were separated to be high-value utilized. The combination of liquid hot water–ammonia/oxygen pretreatment and non-ionic surfactants-enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis was studied to solve the problem of non-separation of hemicellulose and lignin in the pretreatment of single-step ammonia/oxygen method. The promoting effect and mechanism of non-ionic surfactants on enzymatic hydrolysis were also explored. Under the optimal conditions, 86.74% of glucan was retained and 65.48% of lignin was dissolved for high-value utilization. The addition of polyethylene glycol increased the enzymatic digestibility of pretreated reed to 97.13% at 9 filter paper units/g–solid. Therefore, this LHW–NH 3 ·H 2 O/O 2 pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis adding PEG 6000 method is a low-cost, green, and highly efficient method for fermentable sugar, hemicellulose, and modified lignin production. [Display omitted] • LHW–NH 3 ·H 2 O/O 2 pretreatment is a low-cost, green, and highly efficient method. • Enzymatic digestibility could reach to 97.13%, and 83.11% of glucan was retained. • Low enzyme loading (9 FPU/g–PSs) was used and 40% of cellulase can be saved. • The three components of reed were effectively separated to be high-value utilized. • PEG 6000 can maintain effective enzyme concentration and cellulase activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, in order to obtain high concentration bioethanol, reed pretreated with liquid hot water and ammonia oxygen (LHW-NH 3 ·H 2 O/O 2) was used as the substrate for fermentation. Enzymatic hydrolysis becomes difficult by the ineffective lignin adsorption and the decline in cellulase activity. It is worth noting that even under low enzyme loading (9 FPU/g pretreated solid), this study was able to maintain a higher glucan conversion rate (97.60%). In addition, under high solid loading conditions, the combined effect of PEG 6000 and rhamnolipids increased ethanol yield (78.40%) and ethanol concentration (71.5 g/L). The combined LHW-NH 3 ·H 2 O/O 2 pretreatment with fed-batch semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation technique may be utilized to industrialize the production of bioethanol from reed since we concentrated on the maximum exploitation of biomass resources and reduction in energy consumption. [Display omitted] • LHW–NH 3 ·H 2 O/O 2 pretreatment is a cheap, eco-friendly, and effective technique. • With the help of surfactant, enzyme loading (9 FPU/g-PSs) decreased by 40%. • The maximum glucan conversion could reach 97.60%. • The main components of reed were isolated and put to high-value uses. • Two surfactants work together to produce high bioethanol concentration and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]