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This article examines the emergence of the School of Sociology at ARCIS University between 1984 and 1991. Its disciplinary project constituted a critical alternative in clear continuity with the commitment sociology of the sixties, and against the drifts that the discipline was taking in the eighties: its horizon was to articulate theoretical and methodological rigor with social and political commitment, including party militancy in the context of the anti-dictatorial struggle. Based on a documentary review and interviews with directors, teachers, and students, we reconstruct the origins of the Sociology degree, camouflaged under the label of Research and Social Planning, which functioned as a protected space for the discipline and its practitioners amid the dictatorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the link between memory and oblivion in the Brazilian political process, focusing on the behavior of some institutions and specific actors, whether state, political, military, business, religious or intellectual, internal and external, to whiten past traumas, without carrying out deep transformations, which causes its resurgence, transfigured, as a continuity that transcends different historical periods and imposes obstacles to the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes experiences of female captivity that occurred within the framework of the civic-military dictatorships of the Latin American Southern Cone at the end of the 20th century, focusing on illegal kidnapping in clandestine centers and political imprisonment in prisons and detención camps in Argentina, Uruguay and Chile. For this purpose, we have analyzed specialized bibliography, testimonies published by former militants, interviews conducted by the authors and documentary sources produced by the revolutionary organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the history of the JDC Christian Democratic Youth during Pinochet's dictatorship, focusing on the partisan group called "los chascones". The birth and development of this group is exposed, its links with the student movement and human rights, with other opposition parties, with the adversary tendency of "Los Guatones" and the adult groups within the DC party. The article argues that "Los chascones" based their tendency identity, fundamentally on a strategic political position to face the dictatorship, and when this dictatorship ended, they did not mantain elements of a visible, organized and strong identity faction. For this paper, interviews were conducted with 10 former JDC leaders and documentation, testimonial, press and specialized bibliography were included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the role of the APDH in the formation of young people in a specific historical conjuncture of the last Argentine military dictatorship, 1980-1981, before the massive return of citizenship to the public space following the defeat in the Malvinas War in 1982. It also inquiries - taking into account the crossing between their life stories, the validity of the repressive context, the political-ideological profile of the organization and the high risk they assumed with their participation - about the impact that belonging to this organization had on the trajectory of those young people. It is argued that even under the military dictatorship, the local APDH fostered an active and protagonist role of the youth in society in order to modify its present and build its future. The creative nature of the participation of these young people within the organization entailed a new way of thinking and exercising participation (and the citizen). The reconstruction and analysis of some individual trajectories allows us to observe that the passage through the APDH led to a process of political resocialization and the beginning of "militant careers" that continued later in neighborhood, mapuces, union, and university organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article revisit an open and collective art experience organized by Mirtha Dermisache in Argentina between 1975 and 1981: the Jornadas del Color y de la Forma (Work Sessions of Color and Form). In a historical context marked by censorship and state terrorism, the Jornadas distance themselves from de official speech by inviting to the present public to express freely, while they took place under state management spaces. In this work we ask ourselves about the historical, discursive and institutional conditions that made possible this artistic experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the political trajectory of a Chilean middle class group, the professionals, between the opposition to the socialist government of Salvador Allende (1970-1973) and the end of its most representative organizations, the colegios profesionales, in 1981. It is argued that the counterrevolutionary radicalization, the support to the military dictatorship and the later turn towards the democratic opposition were due to the possibilities of these groups to negotiate with and to participate in the State. While the social polarization under the Popular Unity closed those circuits, the dictatorship seemed to opened them, and then to close them again as a consequence of the neoliberal reforms. In that context, the moral outrage provoked by the massive violations to Human Rights gave more political weight to the dissident professionals. The end of the colegios profesionales would mark the beginning of a more pronounced turn towards the opposition to the dictatorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the changes in the action and social structure of the Chilean working class between 1973 and 1989. First, it reviews the background of the formation and development of the working class until 1973. Second, it analyses the main transformations in the action and social structure of the workers and their organizations during dictatorship. It is argued that between 1973 and 1977, some of the trade unions tried to represent politically the workers before the dictatorship. Since 1978, trade unions tried to resist the neoliberal reforms and established the basis of an opposition to the military regime. Finally, it is concluded that the disarticulation of its social bases, particularly of the industrial working class, and the way in which the transition is politically solved, made it difficult for them to recover it's structure and power achieved until 1973. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reconversion of the Gabriela Mistral Cultural Center (GAM), gave account of a series of strata of time empirizados in different denominations and transformations at aesthetic and symbolic level from 1971 to 2010. Being the most important to date, those of the Popular Unity and the Military Dictatorship. In this article, we will explore the way in which some of its protagonists (left) have organized and represented their experiences. To do this, we use the mito - memory duo to delve into the forms of representation and articulation of these past tenses [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last military dictatorship in Argentina (1976-1983) implemented as its most important repressive tool the kidnaping and subsequent captivity of political opponents. Focusing on the case of a group of survivors belonging to Vanguardia Comunista party released from the clandestine detention center known as 'El Vesubio', located in the surroundings of Buenos Aires, this article aims to examine the rol played by this portion of the repression victims -together with relatives of the disappeared and the party structuresin the denounce of the state violence before de return of democracy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this text we seek to know the narratives elaborated by the MIR to constitute the idea and practice of Resistance, which manifested themselves after the coup d'état of 1973, driven by the political strategies defined by the MIR. This is why we investigate in the clandestine media The Rebel and Resistance Information Agency (AIR), sources that allow us to access these stories, defining the elements that constitute the radical opposition to the dictatorial regime, particularly we will see the characteristics of the clandestine press and its subjects of reference to land - finally - in the cycle of national protests and the role of the mirista press in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the paper is to describe the prison government system implemented by penitentiary service and the armed forces on Villa Devoto prison during the last Argentinean civil-military dictatorship. The characteristics acquired by prison government when dealing with a specific population, the political women prisoners, are analyzed. The empirical resource is the Dictatorship Letters Collection (National Library), thus the analysis start from the women prisoner own experience and voice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose to think the national and international situation which took place when the Pope visited Chile under the dictatorship and, in particular, his mass meeting with members of the Mapuche people (Temuco, April 1987). We explain why it was relevant for the transition to democracy and the vision of the Catholic Church concerning 'indigenous emergence in Latin America'. The complex process of changes concerning the representations of the Church regarding the Mapuche people from the Second Vatican Council and the Conference of Latin American Bishops in Medellin (1972) and Puebla (1979) is analyzed. We focus by means of historiography the speech H.H. John Paul II delivered to Chilean and Mapuche peasants during his visit to the country in Temuco, April 1987. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analizes municipal government during the first two administrations of Chile's "Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia" (1990-2000). It focuses on three Santiago districts of different socio-economic status, Santiago, Las Condes and Pudahuel, assessing the political impact of the Pinochet Dictatorship's municipal reform upon the post-dictatorial governments. Our hypothesis holds that, regardless of each district's socio-economic standing or their mayors' differing political affiliation, the "new" municipal government upheld the Dictatorship's programmatic design, aimed at the spread of neoliberalism and State-subsidiarity, as well as social de-politicization on a local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the trajectory of the most representative organizations of the Chilean opposition movement during the military dictatorship. We argue that trade unionism was a key player in the recovery of democracy, having an articulating role of social opposition, based on its historical trajectory and its links with democratic parties, a relationship that nevertheless would condition its actions in the future Process of transition to democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the trajectory of the most representative organizations of the Chilean opposition movement during the military dictatorship. We argue that trade unionism was a key player in the recovery of democracy, having an articulating role of social opposition, based on its historical trajectory and its links with democratic parties, a relationship that nevertheless would condition its actions in the future Process of transition to democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we will give an account of what, in partisan terms, was named the Military Task of the PCCh (Communist Party of Chile), its composition, the formative process, the perspectives and the main tensions that it experienced. We will also inquire into the dynamics that have politically configured this particular initiative in the long history of Chilean communism. We will characterize the experience of fifty young communists that were formed as military professionals of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Cuba as of 1975. Aforementioned, in order to measure the impact of this process in the development and path of military politics in the PCCh during the first phase of the military dictatorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]