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Citation analysis of 265 Workforce Education and Development (WED) dissertations, theses, and graduate research papers at Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC) was used to (1) determine core serials in the discipline, (2) provide Morris Library with a guide to serials acquisition and maintenance in the discipline, and (3) provide future WED students with a core list of WED journals. This study has applicability as a specific instance of applied citation analysis as well as for academic librarians faced with acquiring and maintaining serials in WED.

Discusses differences in student and faculty expectations in completing student research papers and considers possible implications for academic libraries and the librarian's role. Topics include the library's role in academic life; students' perspectives; professors' perspectives; the research process; and communication breakdowns. (LRW)

Considers the successes and failures of academic library responses to multiculturalism and suggests steps that are needed to improve their responses. Topics discussed include recruitment of professional and support staff, changing the composition of management, the role of the library director, developing internships and mentoring, marketing the library, and building library collections. (LRW)

Reviews the literature concerning development in academic libraries and suggests ways for libraries to make money. Topics addressed include fund raising; marketing; development personnel; the development process; internal revenue generation; fee-based services; corporate support; grants; endowments; gift books; friends of the library groups; and policy statements. (Contains 110 references.) (LRW)

Fourteen undergraduate students who had successfully completed research projects were surveyed on their research processes, including focusing their topic, finding and using evidence, and writing. Their responses revealed significant differences between the way they actually do research and standard search strategies, and the implications of these findings for bibliographic instruction are discussed. (13 references) (LAE)

Interviews with faculty, a survey of 20 students, and examination of style manuals revealed that students are confused by inconsistencies in and multiplicity of styles when confronted with writing and documenting a research paper. Librarians are urged to teach various citation formats and work for adoption of standardization. (17 references) (EJS)

Information Literacy (IL) is recognized around the world as an essential skill for the information society. The aim of the paper is to examine the various information literacy practices in university libraries in Africa, to identify the barriers facing IL programmes in Africa, and to provide suggestions on how best to improve IL practices. A survey of five leading university libraries in Africa showed them mainly practicing IL training by means such as library tours/orientation sessions, introductory information skills classes, and teaching advanced information skills (e.g. database searching). There are, however, many barriers: a lack of interest by students, professors, and library management; inadequate human resources to teach IL; lack of facilities; low use of distance education for teaching IL, and an absence of IL policies. This column argues that university authorities in Africa and other developing countries must see the need to provide the necessary facilities such as: computers with Internet connectivity in university libraries, regular power supply, training for librarians on IT, and most of all, librarians should collaborate with other stakeholders in their institutions to ensure IL policy formulation and implementation in their institutions. (Contains 6 tables.)

This symposium report includes seven papers that address issues concerning the North American Collections Inventory Project (NCIP) Conspectus sponsored by the Research Libraries Group (RLG). Topics discussed include cooperative collection development; rigor and research in library and information science; decision making and uncertainty; and data collection and library research. (LRW)

Study abroad programs in higher education increasingly play a major role in training students for global citizenship. This case study, conducted in a large research university in the United States, identifies the information needs of students and faculty in study abroad programs. Of particular interest is how awareness of library resources and services enrich students' study abroad experiences. This essay also looks at study abroad in terms of engagement, where the libraries could join with study abroad programs and develop a common vision. (Contains 1 figure.)

Embedded librarianship service describes the practice of librarians integrating actively into the user's environment, rather than remaining in the library to await requests for service. This paper examines the concept of embedded service in the recent literature, within the past 5 years. It reports on a survey of embedded service in Chinese academic libraries conducted mainly in the "985 Project" universities. The paper focuses on some incipient embedded librarian programs, as well as the obstacles to achieving embedded practice, and identifies some best practices in China. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.)

The electronic environment has significantly shifted library capabilities and user expectations for the delivery of government information and services. At the same time, many laws of the federal government have pushed for the creation and distribution of government information through electronic channels. However, the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) continues as though these changes will not have a large impact on the program. It is time for a meaningful reevaluation of the FDLP program and approaches to government information by academic libraries generally. Drawing upon a range of library research and policy analysis, this paper argues for changes in both concept and practice in the provision of government information by FDLP and other academic libraries and in the educational preparation of future academic librarians. Further, this paper asserts that such a discussion needs to occur beyond considerations of the current economic environment, which some libraries may view as a reason to restructure the FDLP to achieve cost reductions.

Field experiences function as a link between LIS theory and practice. Students should be provided with an experience that is a true reflection of the professional environment. The increasing focus on research by academic librarians provides an opportunity and responsibility to integrate research into the field experiences of LIS students. (Contains 1 table.)

Our article provides new reference librarians with practical recommendations and learning plans so that they can succeed as liaisons. Drawing from our experiences as new librarians, we explain how to practice continual learning, stay on top of the constantly changing environment of a liaison, pilot different techniques, and assess liaison work.

This study explores the perceptions of male librarians working in an academic library. Underpinning the methodology of this paper is a series of in depth interviews conducted over several years with a group of selected male librarians. This paper suggests that the meanings constructed by male librarians in the non-traditional work environment have broader implications within organisational contexts.

Use of government information by social sciences researchers has not increased since the 1980's. This article argues that academic libraries must begin to focus less on government organization and function and begin to collect government information and offer reference and instruction services within the context of disciplines. Subject librarians are better positioned to develop collections and provide reference and instruction services within today's academic library. This change in focus--from governments to disciplines--holds greater promise for increasing the use of government information by social sciences researchers.

Although fiction plays a prominent role in the interdisciplinary field of medical humanities (MH), it is physically and intellectually isolated from non-fiction in academic health sciences libraries. Using the Literature, Arts, and Medicine Database (LAMD) as a tool for selection and subject analysis, we suggest a method of integrating fiction with non-fiction through the application of non-literary classification numbers and subject headings to improve physical and bibliographic access to medical humanities collections.

Sophistication and accessibility can be dangerous bedfellows, especially when it comes to information sources. One of the real challenges in undergraduate academic libraries can be connecting students in a meaningful way to the resources that will be most helpful and understandable for them. This article discusses how techniques borrowed from the world of business and marketing, as well as customer service techniques, can provide some useful strategies for librarians serving undergraduates.

This paper examines how future metadata capabilities could enable academic libraries to exploit information on the emerging Semantic Web in their library catalogues. Whereas current metadata architectures treat the Web as a simple means of interchanging bibliographic data that have been created by libraries, this paper suggests that academic libraries could use the Semantic Web as a source of rich metadata that can be retrieved and inserted into bibliographic records to enhance the user's information searches and to expand the role of the academic library catalogue as a research tool rather than a mere locating device. The paper uses examples from the fields of rare books, literary criticism, and film studies to illustrate how academic libraries, by shifting their emphasis from cataloguing standards to Web information evaluation, can play a new and exciting role in the development of electronic information services.

This article analyzes the concept of the Invisible Web and its implication for academic librarianship. It offers a guide to tools that can be used to mine the Invisible Web and discusses the benefits of using the Invisible Web to promote interest in library services. In addition, the article includes an expanded definition, a literature review, and suggestions for ways in which to incorporate the Invisible Web in reference work and library promotion.

This article describes a qualitative upward evaluation of the leadership performance of library managers. Follow-up studies were conducted, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of the qualitative approach to upward appraisal. The authors discuss pros and cons to guide others who might use this methodology for upward appraisals in the future.

The low prioritizing of user service is a longstanding problem in Chinese academic libraries. While acknowledging various external and internal obstacles for this problem, this article argues that traditional library culture, as demonstrated throughout the article, constitutes the root cause for the underdevelopment of user services on information accessibility in Chinese academic libraries.

Pornography has become part of mainstream culture. As such, it has become a subject of academic research, and this, in turn, has implications for university libraries. Focusing on adult Internet pornography, this study suggests that academic libraries should provide access to adult pornographic Web sites by including them in their online catalogs.

This article seeks a comprehensive approach to information literacy instruction. The author suggests a programmatic solution that ensures that every undergraduate is provided information literacy instruction before graduation. The recommended process anticipates an eventual evolution of the academic library into a bonafide teaching department.

Analyzes the strategic fund-raising advantages of new and small academic libraries and provides a basis for positioning the library within campus development strategy. Defines the evolving academic library and discusses new perspectives, collaborative opportunities, flexibility and simplicity, goals, and organizational significance and donor appeal. Contains 60 references. (PEN)

This is a collection of five articles which suggest current and future trends in academic library reference services. The first article poses a question, and the remaining four articles offer responses to it. (DGM/JMV)

Describes a study which linked the misconduct of proposing, performing, and reporting academic research to librarians' perceptions of service quality; explores implications of fraud for library collections and information services; and discusses factors meriting further research. Tables present examples of sources in which those implicated in misconduct have been published and a framework for service quality. (Contains 52 references.) (JMV)

Discussion of customer service and Total Quality Management in academic libraries highlights selected customer-service training programs and popular customer-service videos. Topics discussed include utilizing campus resources; staff attitudes; commitment of administrators; and service training issues for academic library managers. (22 references) (LRW)

Discussion of faculty status for academic librarians focuses on the reasons for and the impact of recent library school closings. Topics addressed include professional identity; the service functions of librarians versus teaching, research, and publication requirements of traditional tenure; accountability to the larger institution; and staffing models. (58 references) (LRW)

Describes the methodology used at the University of Arizona Library to address the issue of access versus ownership of library materials. Topics discussed include participatory management; data collection, including focus groups, interlibrary loan statistics, and graduate research citation analysis; and resulting recommendations, including cooperative collection development and organizational changes. (15 references) (LRW)

Examines the current status of freshman writing as a vehicle for bibliographic instruction based on a survey of four-year colleges. Perceptions of bibliographic instruction librarians are discussed; instruction methods used are described; and implications for further research are suggested. (22 references) (LRW)

Discusses the issue of access versus ownership of academic library materials necessitated by rising costs, declining budgets, and increased scholarly production. Highlights include technological advances in resource sharing; performance criteria for access; costs; speed (user expectations, turnaround times); and reliability (fill rates of commercial vendors and interlibrary loans). (56 references) (LRW)

Explores the relationship between collection development and the system of scholarly communication in academic libraries. Ownership of versus access to information is discussed; use-based criteria are considered; and strategies for collection development in a networked electronic system are presented. (Contains 17 references.) (LRW)

Discusses faculty status for librarians and criteria for achieving tenure based on experiences at the University of Colorado Libraries at Boulder. Highlights include factors affecting librarians' ability to achieve tenure; and characteristics of librarianship as they relate to the faculty model, including cooperative practices and the hierarchical organization of libraries. (Contains 12 references.) (LRW)

Presents results of a survey of how small liberal arts colleges manage their art collections. The current role of some academic libraries as art managers and the potential for librarians expanding this role are discussed. As trained collection managers, academic librarians are well positioned to manage campus art collections. (Contains 20 references.) (KRN)

The lead article in this section argues that the profession's current focus on technology has compromised academic librarianship's scholarly values, eroded the quality of rhetoric between librarians and patrons, and contributed to the ascendancy of information over knowledge. Renewal of the teaching function and reaffirmation of traditional values is encouraged. Five authors offer responses. (KRN)

Presents the principles of effective supervision of library employees from practical, rather than theoretical framework. The topics covered are directed to library school students and new library professionals and include supervisory expectations, respect, delegation, communication, praise and criticism, accessibility, loyalty and support, confidentiality, and accountability. (EAM)

Discusses collaborative or cooperative learning and its use in school and academic libraries to improve the effectiveness of bibliographic instruction. A study in which the pairing of undergraduate education students was used to teach information retrieval using the ERIC database on CD-ROM is described. (13 references) (EA)

Considers whether or not library materials in East Asian languages should be integrated into the general collection. Romanized access through a Latin-script library catalog and nonromanized access through a browsing collection are considered. After exploring the difficulties in romanizing Chinese and Japanese scripts, a separate collection is recommended. (Contains 12 references.) (EAM)

Presents data from 1971 to 1990 to show that the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) standard that the library's appropriation shall be 6% of total institution budget has never been realized. Suggested reasons (e.g., increasing budgets for administration, research, and student services) are discussed, and possible solutions are offered. (Contains 12 references.) (EAM)

Discusses issues pertaining to copyright law and the effects of new electronic information resources. Topics addressed include changes that have affected copyright law, including authorship, auditing each use of information, ease of copying, and responsibility for preservation of electronic information; licensing agreements; scholarly communication; and recommendations for the future. (11 references) (LRW)

Discusses potential problems for confidentiality within interlibrary loan requests, outlines legal issues related to confidentiality, and proposes guidelines intended to protect library users' rights to privacy. Interlibrary loan documentation procedures are considered; laws and professional standards are reviewed; and the disposition of interlibrary loan records is discussed. (eight references) (LRW)

Discusses concerns for academic libraries identified by a survey of editors and manuscript readers of this journal. Highlights include technology; leadership; library users; management issues, including recruitment, communication, and new services; access versus ownership; funding; copyright; licensing; teaching and research; electronic publishing; NREN (National Research and Education Network); education of librarians; and information literacy. (LRW)

Discusses administration, leadership, and management in academic libraries. Factors that meet the work-related needs of librarians and that lead to successful management are suggested, including sufficient knowledge, a measure of control over work, participation in decision making, and a sense of ownership in library service. (three references) (LRW)

Discussion of bibliographic instruction (BI) in academic libraries focuses on a search of the literature in nonlibrary journals that was conducted to determine the significance of BI to those outside the library profession, especially faculty. The need for library-faculty cooperation is discussed, and the authorship of BI articles is examined. (23 references) (LRW)

Looks at the views of some of the seminal contributors to the development of conflict theory and then describes the broad range of library conflicts, the value and danger of those conflicts, and some techniques for lowering or raising the level of conflict. (14 references) (LAE)

Discussion of development in academic libraries in light of budget restrictions presents two approaches to this situation: short-term coping strategies, and a change in the role of libraries from repositories of resources to access services. Unanswered questions raised by the second approach are discussed, and reactions by six librarians are presented. (29 references) (LAE)

Reviews the literature of the "Writing across the Curriculum" (WAC) movement and suggests ways for libraries to become involved. It is argued that WAC programs transfer the responsibility for teaching writing from the English department to all academic programs; curriculum-related writing assignments potentially involve library research; and libraries should take a proactive stance. (51 references) (LAE)

Reviews two major theories of cognitive development based on Perry's Developmental Process and the Wellesley Study, and offers examples and suggestions for their application in academic library instruction. Learning strategies that respond to differences in levels of cognitive abilities are described, and the role of faculty who request instruction is discussed. (eight references) (LRW)

Discussion of the development of periodical collections in college libraries describes strategies for building the collection, including collection use studies, collection development policies, and bibliographic instruction programs. It is suggested that access to the collection be enhanced by improvement of available indexing such as CD-ROM indexes and online searching of remote databases. (eight references) (LRW)

Discusses trends in the future of higher education and considers the possible resulting challenges for libraries, particularly the development of special collections. Topics discussed include management, developing cost-benefit measures, considering possible new users, inter-library cooperation, developing quality by communicating standards and designing measures of assessment, and documentation strategies. (LRW)