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A fabricated microcircuit on a diamond anvil cell (DAC) was used to carry out in situ conductivity measurements on silver iodide (AgI) under high pressure. The results show that the conductivity of AgI increases discontinuously by two orders of magnitude at 1.0 GPa but with further pressure increase from 11 to 20 GPa condcutivity changes very little.

The structural and electrical properties of silver sulfide films are examined as a function of the sulfurization time of 70-nm-thick Ag films by using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and conventional electron prober. Clear switching behavior of the resistance is observed within all the annealed films, thereby showing that excess Ag in the silver sulfide films is a requirement for observation of such a phenomenon.

Systematic experimental work was performed to understand the growth kinetics of Ni3Sn4 at the Sn3-3.5Ag solder/Ni interface. Cross-sectional studies of interfaces were conducted by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x ray.

Aligned arrays of binary nanoparticles of silver and silver oxide, respectively with mean diameters of 8.5 nm are prepared within a polymethylmethacrylate film. The alignment along an electric-field direction is achieved by applying an electric field of ~10V/mm at frequency ranging from 1kHz to 1MHz.

Liquid gallium drops placed on thick Ag films at room temperature spontaneously form faceted nanoneedles of Ag2Ga alloy oriented nearly normal to the surface. The observation suggests that drawing silver-coated microcantilevers from gallium could selectively grow single nanoneedles.

AgIn5Te8 is obtained by direct fusion of the stoichiometric mixture of the elements. It shows tetragonal structure and congruent fusion, when seen from X-ray powder diffraction and DTA analysis, respectively.

The preparation, structure and the electrical characteristics exhibited by the Au and Ag Schottky contacts on Nb-1.0 wt%-doped SrTi[O.sub.3] compounds are analyzed. The stability of the leakage current of the system is shown to get highly enhanced with annealing taking place at higher temperatures.

Several x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are conducted to explain the properties exhibited by the different silver/porous-silicon nanocomposite powders. The photoluminescence intensity exhibited by the nanocomposite powders is shown to be weaker, as compared to that exhibited by the conventional powders.

The electron backscatter diffraction methodology is adopted to explain the orientation distribution, as well as formation mechanism exhibited by the different intermetallic compounds at heterogeneous interfaces. The morphology of the compounds is shown to be highly transformed by the variations taking place in the interfacial energies.

The study presents a new chemical reduction approach, which can be employed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with long-term dispersion stability. The application of the ink as a capping agent, as well as a dispersant is also analyzed.

The article explains the different rheological properties exhibited by the high concentration Ag suspension prepared by using the poly(acrylic acid). The impact of changes taking place in the concentrations of the polyelectrolyte on these rheological properties is also analysed.

The article explains the formation and properties of an electrically bistable device, prepared by the spin-coating method by employing different silver nanoparticle-poly(N-vinylcarbazole) composites. The induced charge transfer and negative differential resistance behavior are shown to be the main determinants of the electrical bistability exhibited by the device.

Several studies are conducted to explain the impact of coupling of the localized surface plasmon (LSP) modes on the transmission properties of the compound structure with metallic nanoparticles and nanohole arrays. The transmission peak of the system is shown to shift significantly because of the variation caused in the longitudinal interval between the particle and the hole arrays.

Micron-scale free standing structures are generated by the laser decal transfer process by using high viscosity Ag nanoinks without the use of any sacrificial or release layers. The static responses of the composite structures are analyzed by fitting nanoindentation induced beam deflections and the dynamic response of these structures is analyzed by laser vibrometry.

Non-Debye relaxation in superionic AgI-[Ag.sub.2]O-Se[O.sub.2] glasses are examined as a function of frequency and temperature. The scaling of dielectric loss spectra and electric modulus spectra has resulted in master curves, which has signified that the relaxation mechanism is independent of temperature as well as composition.

Several analyses are conducted to explain the growth, properties and the applications of the different cerium doped LuAg single crystal fibers. These fibers are shown to be capable of being used in the next generation of ionizing radiation calorimeters.

Electron diffraction and high resolution x-ray diffraction are used for characterizing octahedral tilt transitions in epitaxial Ag[Ta.sub.0.5][Nb.sub.0.5][O.sub.3] (ATN) films grown on [(001).sub.p] (p = pseudocubic) oriented SrRu[O.sub.3]/LaAl[O.sub.3] and LaAl[O.sub.3] substrates. It is shown that point and planar defects in thin ATN films have disrupted the complex sequence of in-phase and antiphase rotations around [c.sub.p] thereby reducing the effective strength of interactions between the tilting and cation displacements.

Several studies are conducted to explain the phase matched second harmonic generation taking place in the various ferroelectric AgNa[([NO.sub.2]).sub.2] crystals. The discussed harmonic generation is shown to be completely dependent on the different spontaneous and electric field induced polarizations.

Several experimental studies are conducted to explain the hysteresis switching loops present in the different Ag-manganite memristive interfaces. The effective electric field is shown to play an extremely significant role in the functioning of the interfaces.

The resistance switching characteristics of the [La.sub.0.7][Ca.sub.0.3]Mn[O.sub.3]-based devices with the top electrodes of Ag, Ag-Al alloys with different atomic ratios and Al are examined. The studies have provided a different new for the improvement of the resistance switching endurance by modulating oxygen affinity of the electrode.

Monte Carlo simulations are used for studying the patterned compositional evolution in thin films of a binary alloy controlled by modulated stress fields. The results obtained with generic Lennard-Jones potentials have agreed with those from the embedded-atom method (EAM) and modified embedded-atom method (MEAM) potentials, which have shown that it is possible to derive general guidelines for accomplishing stress-patterned segregation in a variety of thin films of binary alloys.

Optical absorption, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy are used for studying the optical properties of single-crystalline AgIn[Se.sub.2]. Optical absorption measurements have shown that AgIn[Se.sub.2] is a direct-gap semiconductor having an optical band gap of [E.sub.0] 1.2 eV.

The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique is employed to study the conduction mechanism and electric field present in the Ag-based conductive adhesive. The local shape changes observed in the Ag agglomerations are also discussed.

Several experimental, as well as theoretical studies are conducted to explain the various mechanisms involved in the adhesion and cold welding of the various gold-silver thin films. These films are shown to be extremely useful for the preparation of a large number of organic electronic structures.

Pulse laser deposition method and focused ion beam lithography are used for preparing resistive switching memory cells with polycrystalline [(AgI).sub.0.2][([Ag.sub.2]Mn[O.sub.4]).sub.0.8]) (AIMO) solid electrolyte films as storage medium on Si[O.sub.2]/Pt/Ti/Si substrates. The fast response speed and the good retention properties have shown that polycrystalline AIMO thin film can be used for the next generation nonvolatile memory.

The electronic structure and molecular orientation of vacuum sublimed thin films of [alpha],[omega]-dihexylsexithiophene (DH6T) on the substrates Ag(111), highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), and tetratetracontane (TTC) precovered Ag(111) are examined. The studies have shown that the electronic structure and the ionization energy of DH6T are dependent on the orientation of DH6T, that is, lying DH6T has higher ionization energy than standing DH6T.

The discrete dipole approximation method is used for studying the pitch height-dependent optical extinction spectra and the electric field enhancement of helical and multiring nanostructures. The results have shown that the optical properties of helical structures are different when irradiated by left or right circular polarized light.

The synthesis, characterization and the electrical properties of the Ag.sub.2]S films with varied microstructures are discussed. The films are shown to be widely used as an asymmetric barrier layer in the trilayer junctions with dissimilar electrodes.

Silver nanostructured films are produced by supersonic jet deposition of nanoparticles, which are generated by laser ablation of microparticle aerosols (LAMA). The analysis has shown that increases in conductivity during annealing at temperatures less than 400 degree centigrade has resulted from grain size coarsening rather than densification.

The thermoelectric properties of Cu-doped AgTlTe from room temperature to slightly below the melting temperature are discussed. The properties are explained by characterization of polycrystalline hot-pressed samples of Pd or Cu-doped AgTlTe.

The electrical conductivity is calculated in the current-in-plane geometry of multilayered granular alloys composed of Co clusters embedded in Ag alternating with pure Ag layers. A semiclassical treatment is proposed that has accounted for the resistivity behavior around the percolation limit of multilayered granular alloys and also for the crossover from a multilayered to a granular alloy transport behavior of these metallic systems.

A study investigates the effect of nonstoichiometry on the thermoelectric properties of a [Ag.sub.2]Se alloy prepared by a mechanical alloying and pulse discharge sintering process. The results show the thermal conductivity of [Ag.sub.2]Se alloy as 0.65 W/K m, which is a very low value.

The transparent cathodes comprised of a low work function rare earth element (RE) and an Au capping layer for top-emission organic light emitting diodes (TOLEDs) are characterized. The extraction efficiencies of the OLEDs with RE/Au and Al/Au cathodes are estimated and the surface plasmon polarities at the Yb(or Sm)/Au cathode are found to be weaker than those at the Al/Au cathode.

Digital pulsed force mode (DPFM) atomic force microscopy is used through coincident imaging and force profiling to determine the nanomechanical bending behavior and elastic modulus of silver nanowires suspended across silicon microchannels. The observations reveal that classic models are precise only till the boundary conditions are not randomly assumed, but directly verified by data analysis.

Silver nanoparticles of diameters in the range of 4.2-46 nm are used to grow nanoshells of lithium niobate with thicknesses in the range of 2.2-22 nm in silicate glass matrix. Optical absorption of the core-shell structured nanoparticles exhibits two peaks, one around 350 nm is ascribed to plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles, which are not covered by a niobate shell, and the other in the range of 550-650 nm is caused by light scattering from the core-shell structure.

Magnetically confined laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is investigated by studying the optical emission from laser-induced plasma plumes expanding across an external transverse magnetic field. KrF excimer laser pulses with a pulse duration of 23 ns and a wavelength of 248 nm were used to produce plasmas from Al, Cu, and Co targets.

The reversible electroresistance observed in a metallic film Ag/[La.sub.0.67][Sr.sub.0.33]Mn[O.sub.3] (LSMO) is reported. The results have shown that the rough surface of the LSMO film favors the electroresistance effects.

The variations in structural, electrical and optical properties of spray pyrolyzed beta-[In.sub.2][S.sub.3] thin films on Ag doping are described. The improvement in crystallinity, conductivity and photosensitivity due to doping of spray pyrolyzed [In.sub.2][S.sub.3] films with Ag has helped in attaining efficiency of 9.5% for Ag/[In.sub.2][S.sub.3]/CuIn[S.sub.2]/ITO (indium tin oxide) solar cell.

Sensitive X-ray anomalous scattering techniques were used to investigate the mechanisms played by Ag as a surfactant in giant magetoresistance multilayers. The results of the investigations reveal that addition of Ag during deposition suppresses interfacial intermixing.

The structure, Raman spectrum, and superconducting properties of a series of polycrystalline bulk samples of [Mg.sub.(1-2x)][(AgAl).sub.x][B.sub.2] (0.0% less than equal to x less than equal to 1.0%) synthesized by a solid-state reaction method are investigated using x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and low-temperature resistivity measurements. Results reveal that the Ag, Al double doping causes the expansion of crystal lattice along the a- and c-axis orientations due to the substitution inducing ionic size variation.

A pulsed laser deposition method is used to synthesize silver-copper (Ag-Cu) nanoparticles and the peak absorption attributed to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the whole visible region is tuned. The SPR wavelength tuning is conjectured due to the increase in the electric conductivity of the nanoparticles induced by the precipitation of Cu atoms.

A silver-sodium ion-exchange process is presented for fabricating small mode-size waveguides in glass doped with PbS semiconductor quantum dots. The results reveal that the process does not alter the optical properties of the quantum dots and the optical modes are highly confined, which produces high optical intensities that are required for optical applications.

The ceramics of [Ag.sub.1-x][Bi.sub.x/3]Nb[O.sub.3] (x

The fabrication of Te[O.sub.2]-PbO-Ge[O.sub.2] (TPG) glasses containing silver nanoparticles (NPs) and their characterization using electron microscopy and optical methods are reported. The results have revealed that by appropriate thermal treatment of the samples, the luminescence of Te[O.sub.2]-PbO-Ge[O.sub.2] system can be enhanced due to the presence of silver particles arranged in nanostructures.

The resistance of a conducting C(sub 60) monolayer formed on a polycrystalline Ag film is found to be 0.7 plusmn0.1 kohm by in situ resistance measurements. The findings indicate that the resistance of conducting C(sub 60) monolayers does not show a simple dependence on the transferred charge.

A spectroscopic ellipsometry in the energy range from 0.5 to 4.7 eV at room temperature is used to determine the dielectric function epsi(omega) of polycrystalline bulk samples of the quaternary chalcopyrite semiconductors Ag(sub 1-x)Cu(sub x)InSe(sub 2) alloys. The results show that the value of the main energy gap is very sensitive to the composition and varies from 1.225 to 1.009 eV as x increases (Cu content).

Experimental results on the magnetic and transport properties of Ag/Co(sub 90)Fe(sub 10) multilayers with variable Ag and Co(sub 90)Fe(sub 10) thickness are discussed. The magnetism samples were characterized by magnetization measurements and ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy.

The fabrication of the nanoparticle silver oxide films and their chemical reversibility, phase transformation and nonlinear optical properties are studied. The results reveal that the measured response time is well suited for application of AgO(sub x) as the switching or masking layer.

The glaze in-depth composition and distribution of copper nanoparticles, copper ions, and their local environment have been studied in original samples of gold and red luster. The results support that the luster formation is mediated by a copper- and silver-alkali ion exchange as a first step, followed by nucleation and growth of metal nanoparticles.

The adhesion energy of copper or silver (Cu or Ag) with parylene-n (Pa-n) and SiO2 is obtained by measuring the contact angles at the interfaces of the particles and the substrates. The adhesion enhancement is possible for Ag/Pa-n films with plasma treatment.