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The C20-22polyunsaturated fatty acids (C20-22PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), were concentrated from the refined liver oil of deep sea leafscale gulper shark,Centrophorus squamosus, by sequential processes of winterization, urea complexation, and argentation chromatography. Winterization at 4°C using acetonitrile as solvent showed significant reduction of the total saturated fatty acid content (12%) with a concomitant increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids (36.3%). The urea complexation process significantly enriched the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (49.5%), with a reduction in saturated fatty acids (83.9%). Silica gel based argentation chromatography further concentrated the esters of C20-22PUFA (>99 percent purity). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy was used as a chemical fingerprinting tool to study the enrichment of C20-22PUFAs at various stages of the purification process. An increase in the proton signal intensity at the olefinic region (atδ4–6) and a decrease in the aliphatic signals (atδ0.5–2) showed that the process successfully enriched the C20-22PUFAs. Abbreviations:PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid;EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid;DHA, docosahexaenoic acid;FAME, fatty acid methyl esters;SFA, saturated fatty acid;MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid;NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance;GCMS, gas chromatography mass spectrometry;FFA, free fatty acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antioxidant potential of three brown seaweeds,Anthophycus longifolius, Sargassum plagiophyllum, andSargassum myriocystum, obtained from the Gulf of Mannar region of India were evaluated utilizing differentin vitrosystems. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction ofAnthophycus longifoliusregistered significantly greater hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (IC500.19 mg/mL) and was effective in stabilizing the 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (IC501.23 mg/mL) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radicals (IC500.48 mg/mL) (p< 0.05). No significant differences in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging and ferrous ion chelating properties of the EtOAc extracts of the seaweeds were apparent. The utilities of the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method hyphenated to diode-array detection for analyzing the fingerprints of phenolic constituents in the solvent extracts and fractions of the seaweeds were denoted. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis indicated the presence of phenolic acids in the solvent extracts of seaweeds. This study demonstrated the potential use ofA. longifoliusas candidate species to be used as a nutritional food supplement/functional foods to increase the shelf life of food items for human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bivalve mollusksPaphia malabaricaandVillorita cyprinoidescollected from the estuarine system located in the southwest coastal waters of India were evaluated for their nutritional composition. A balanced essential to nonessential amino acid ratio (> 1.0) with a greater quantity of sulfur-containing amino acids in these species demonstrated that they could provide well-balanced protein depositions. Then-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio inP. malabaricawas found to be greater than 2, and, therefore, can be considered as a healthy diet. The C20–C22long-chain polyunsaturatedn-3 fatty acids (for example, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) accounted for more than 23% of the total fatty acid content inP. malabaricaas compared to about 7% inV. cyprinoides. P. malabaricashowed greater hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (1.7) and lesser atherogenicity (0.7), thrombogenicity (0.3) indices when contrasted with those inV. cyprinoides, thereby indicating the nutritional superiority of the former. A greater content of vitamin D3(> 150 IU), along with significant quantities of calcium and phosphorus (> 500 mg/100 g) in the clams, signified their importance in preventing osteoporosis. This study demonstrated the importance of bivalves, in particular,P. malabaricaas a valued species for human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents study on nutritional composition of edible oysters Crassostrea madrasensis L. from the Southwest Coast of India, and co-relation of its nutritional qualities with chlorophyll- a concentration, sea surface temperature, and phytoplankton density in their growth environments.

The article presents study on antioxidant potential, total phenolic content and high performance liquid chromatography-based solvent extract fingerprints of phenolic constituents of brown seaweeds Turbinaria conoides and Turbinaria ornata.

The present study reports the biochemical composition ofPerna viridisfrom the southwestern coast of India. A balanced essential to nonessential amino acid ratio (0.7:1.1) along with the optimum and balanced quantities of vitamins, mineral nutrients, and low cholesterol contents characterizedP. viridis. Then-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio ofP. viridiswas found to be 3.7:5.3 and therefore may serve as an alternative to balance the higher intake ofn-6 fatty acids. High oxyradical scavenging capacity (24–32%) and total phenolics (2–5 mg GAE−1) suggest the nutraceutical potential ofP. viridis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Interannual and seasonal (premonsoon, monsoon, and postmonsoon) variability in the lipid, fatty acids, and total cholesterol content of ribbon fish,Trichiurus lepturuswere determined for a period of 4 years (2008–2011) along the southwest (SW) and southeast (SE) coasts of India. The lipidic compositions were studied along with chlorophyll-a concentration and sea surface temperature (SST) data obtained from MODIS and Sea WiFS. The lipid content shows seasonal fluctuations with higher values in the postmonsoon season along the SE coast and during the monsoon in the SW coast. Among polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) dominated over eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) throughout the seasons except in winter on the SE coast. The health indices such as atherogenic/thrombogenicity indices, total cholesterol, and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio of ribbon fish were found to be ideal, which contributed toward its parameters to be qualified as a potential health food. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The freeze-dried concentrate of green mussel,Perna viridis, was added with naturally derived antioxidative oleoresins of rosemary and turmeric along with trace amounts of other natural additives to prepare different treatments and was subjected to accelerated shelf life study (50°C) to evaluate its oxidative stability. The total oxyradical scavenging activities of samples with higher concentrations of turmeric over rosemary demonstrated the prominent role of the turmeric extracts to arrest free radical chain reactions. Time dependent antioxidative status in relation to the nutritional compositions was evaluated to identify the oxidative changes for different treatments. The addition of natural additives with polyphenolic moieties in the treatments shielded the mussel’s unsaturated fatty acids against oxidation as evident by higher polyunsaturated fatty acids in the two treatments as compared to control after 90 days of accelerated shelf-life study. Highern-3/n-6 ratios after 90 days’ storage were also observed in these treatments. A threshold level of combined turmeric (0.8 g/100 g) and rosemary (0.4 g/100 g) was sufficient for optimum antioxidant activity and to maintain nutritional composition of the green mussel extract at desired levels. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Seasonal variations (premonsoon, monsoon, and postmonsoon) of the lipid, fatty acid, and total cholesterol profile in edible tissues ofSardinella longicepscollected from the southwest and southeast coasts of India over 4 yr (2008–2011) were studied. The correlation between the fatty acid composition with chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface temperature, total phytoplankton density, diatom concentration, and fatty acid profiles of pooled stomach microalgal content were also evaluated. Significant correlation was observed between oil sardine and pooled stomach microalgal content polyunsaturated fatty acids along with chlorophyll-a concentration, especially during the monsoon at the southwest coast and monsoon and postmonsoon at the southeast coast of the Indian subcontinent. Similarly, the health indices such as atherogenic index, thrombogenicity index, total cholesterol, and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio of oil sardine were found to be ideal, which contributed toward its parameters to be qualified as an ideal health food. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]