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The bioassay-guided fractionation of Daphne retusa Hemsl. has led to the isolation of a new aryl tetrahydronaphthalene lignan derivative named as daphnretusic acid (1), along with six new source compounds such as 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (2), 7-hydroxyflavone (3), 6-methoxyflavone (4), (+) pinoresinol (5), (+) sesamin (6), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7). Their structures were elucidated by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, 1D, 2D NMR, UV, IR, and EIMS analyses. All the fractions (n-hexane, CHCl3, AcOEt, CH3OH, and water) and pure compounds (1-7) were subjected to the assay of urease and α-chymotrypsin inhibitory activities. Chloroform and methanol soluble fractions showed moderate urease inhibition. Compound 2 exhibited significant urease inhibition with IC50 value 60.4 ± 0.72 μM, whereas compounds 1 and 3-7 remained inactive during urease inhibition and α-chymotrypsin bioassays.

Two new coumarins, murrmeranzin (1) and murralonginal (2), together with four known compounds minumicrolin (3), murrangatin (4), meranzin hydrate (5) and hainanmurpanin (6) have been isolated from the aerial parts of Murraya paniculata. The structures of these compounds were determined through spectral analysis. Minumicrolin (3) showed mild butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activity.

Rosenones A (1) and B (2), new anthraquinone derivatives, have been isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Aitchisonia rosea along with 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (3) reported for the first time from this species.