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Upon reaction with an excess of 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol (neopentyl glycol, NPG) under acid catalysis, indanones and tetralones yield indenes and dihydronaphthalenes, respectively. The reaction can also be carried out with butane-1,3-diol.

Upon reaction with an excess of 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol (neopentyl glycol) under acid catalysis, estrones form 17-O-[2′,2′-dimethyl-2′-(5″,5″-dimethyl-1″,3″-dioxanyl)ethyl] substituted estra-3, 17β-diols. The reaction represents a formal reduction of a keto function under acidic conditions in the absence of a metal.

The synthesis of estranes bearing an additional heterocyclic ring attached to C-16 and C-17 is reviewed. Potential applications and biological activities of the compounds are described.

A number of 7-ω-carboxamidoalkyl-substituted estra-1,3,5(10),6-tetraenes as potential ligands for the estrogen receptor ERα have been prepared using either a conjugate addition of α,ω-iodoalkanenitriles or a Michael addition to steroidal ketone 3 as the key step.