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The purported enhancement of sexuality, coupled with a possible abrupt coma-inducing effect and ease of administration in spiked drinks have resulted in the use of hypnotics to facilitated a sex offence. Among these compounds, zolpidem possesses amnesic properties, is short-acting and can rapidly impair an individual. In order to document zolpidem exposure, we have developed an original analytical method in oral fluid. 500μl of oral fluid was added to 500μl pH 7.6 Soerensen buffer was extracted by 2ml dichloromethane in presence of 5ng diazepam-d5, used as internal standard. An aliquot of the extract was injected into a 5μm Novapak C18 column (150mm × 2.1mm). Reversed-phase separation was achieved in 6min, under isocratic conditions (90% acetonitrile, 10% 2mM ammonium formate pH 3.6) at a flow rate of 150μl/min. Detection was achieved by tandem mass spectrometry. Molecular ions (m/z 308 and 290 for zolpidem and the IS, respectively) were selected in Q1 and the corresponding daughter ions (m/z 235 and 263 for zolpidem and m/z 154 and 198 for the IS) were detected in Q3 after collision with argon. Linearity was observed for zolpidem concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100ng/ml, and the assay was capable of detecting 0.05ng/ml. Oral fluid was collected for 480min after oral zolpidem administration of 10mg to 2 subjects. In both cases, zolpidem was detectable (0.4ng/ml) after 15min intake. Peak zolpidem concentrations were obtained at 150min (53.5ng/ml) and 180min (75.7ng/ml), respectively. Oral fluid tested positive for zolpidem for over 8h (9–15ng/ml). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a substance naturally present within mammal species. Properties of a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator are generally suggested for this substance. GHB is therapeutically used as an anaesthetic, but can be used for criminal offences (date-rape drug). It appears that the window of detection of GHB is very short in both blood and urine, and therefore its presence is very difficult to prove after a rape case. Twenty μl of blood or urine were pipetted into a glass tube, followed by 20 μl GHB-d6 and 45 μl acetonitrile. After vortexing and efficient centrifugation, the supernatant was collected and evaporated to dryness. The residue was derivatized with BSTFA+1% TMCS for 20 min at 70 °C. After injection on a 30-m HP5 MS capillary column, GHB (m/z 233, 204 and 147) and GHB-d6 (m/z 239) were identified by mass spectrometry. The procedure was linear from 1 to 200 mg/l for both blood and urine. Precisions were in the range 4 to 11%. The method appears simple, specific and rapid as an accurate result can be obtained within 1 h. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]