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Aims and objectives: To describe the documentation of pro re nata (PRN) medication for anxiety and to compare documentation at two hospitals providing similar psychiatric services, one that used paper charts and another that used an electronic health record (EHR). We also assessed congruence between nursing documentation and verbal reports from staff about the PRN administration process. Background: The ability to accurately document patients’ symptoms and the care given is considered a core competency of the nursing profession (Wilkinson, Nursing process and critical thinking, Saddle River, 2007); however, researchers have found poor concordance between nursing notes and verbal reports or observations of events (e.g., Marinis et al., 2010, J Clin Nurs, 19, 1544–1552) and considerable information missing (e.g., Marinis et al., 2010, J Clin Nurs, 19, 1544–1552). Additionally, the administration of PRN medication has consistently been noted to be poorly documented (e.g., Baker et al., 2008, J Clin Nurs, 17, 1122–1131). Design: The project was a mixed‐method, two‐phase study that collected data from two sites. Methods: In phase 1, nursing documentation of PRN medication administrations was reviewed in patient charts; phase 2 included verbal reports from staff about this practice. Results: Nurses using EHR documented more information than those using paper charts, including the reason for PRN administration, who initiated the administration, and effectiveness. There were some differences between written and verbal reports, including whether potential side effects were explained to patients prior to PRN administration. Conclusions: We continue the calls for attention to be paid to improving the quality of nursing documentation. Our results support the shift to using EHR, yet not relying on this method completely to ensure comprehensiveness of documentation. Relevance to clinical practice: Efforts to address the quality of documentation, particularly for PRN administration, are needed. This could be made through training, using structured report templates and by switching to electronic databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: (1) To describe existing tools to assess the burden of informal caregivers of people with cancer, (2) to describe how these tools have been validated and (3) to describe the areas of interest of existing assessment tool entries. Background: The caregiver burden of informal caregivers of people with cancer greatly affects their lives. There is a wide variety of relevant assessment tools available, but there are no studies to help researchers to select tools. Methods: A search was conducted using the keywords 'cancer', 'caregiver', 'burden' and 'scale' in Medline (PubMed), CINAHL and EMBASE to include articles that developed or applied tools to assess the burden on informal caregivers of cancer patients. Once eligible tools were identified, we searched their 'primary reference' studies. If the original scale was assessed in a population other than informal caregivers of cancer patients, we again searched for psychometric measures in the population of caregivers of cancer patients. Results: This study retrieved 938 articles on developing or applying the informal caregiver burden instrument for cancer patients, including 42 scales. Internal consistency of the original scales ranged from 0.53 to 0.96. Nineteen scales initially developed to assess caregiver burden for patients with dementia, stroke and other disorders were later used for caregivers of cancer patients, eight of which have not yet been validated. Reclassifying all scale domains of concern revealed that scale assessments focused more on caregivers' physical health, emotional state and caregiving tasks. Conclusion: This review identifies many scales for assessing informal caregiver burden in cancer patients and gives scales recommended. However, a portion still needs to be validated. The development of a new scale proposes to be based on a theoretical framework and to consider dimensions for assessing support resources. Impact: What problem did the study address?: This paper collates assessment tools on the burden of informal carers of people with cancer. It also provides information on the applicable population, reliability and validity. What were the main findings?: 41 scales could be considered for use, eight of which have not been validated. The scales focus more on assessing caregivers' physical health, emotional state and caregiving tasks, and less on the dimension of support resources. Where and on whom will the research have an impact?: There are implications for informal carers of cancer patients in hospitals or in the community, as well as for relevant researchers. Reporting Method: Retrieved with reference to systematic evaluation. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions in alleviating psychological distress in cancer patients. Background: Cancer patients suffer tremendous psycho‐spiritual pain, which affects their quality of life. Brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions have demonstrated positive effects on the mental health of cancer patients; however, the efficacy of these interventions has been inconsistent. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: This review was conducted and reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 checklist provided by the EQUATOR network. The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus databases were systematically searched from inception to 27 November 2022 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English. Results: Twenty studies involving 1744 cancer participants were included. The meta‐analysis showed statistically significant effects of brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions on hope, anxiety and depression at post‐intervention. A separate analysis revealed that brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions had a sustainable effect on hope, spiritual well‐being, anxiety and depression at 1 month after the intervention. However, no statistically significant effect on quality of life was found in our study either immediately after the intervention or at 1 month. Conclusions: Brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions can significantly reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms and improve hope and spiritual well‐being in cancer patients. Relevance to Clinical Practice: This study further supports that brief reminiscence‐based psychosocial interventions should be incorporated into the routine care of cancer patients to address their psychosocial distress. Patient or Public Contribution: All authors of this article contributed to the study conception and design. All authors of the included studies provided original data for this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To synthesize the evidence of interventions based on salutogenesis for older adults. Background: With the increasing tendency of global ageing and the progression of 'healthy ageing', salutogenesis has been adopted as a framework of health promotion for older adults. Design: An integrative review following PRISMA guidelines. Data Sources: Seven databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO and CINAHL Plus were systematically searched on 29 September 2022 and updated on 18 July 2023. Results: Eighteen eligible studies were included in this review. Salutogenic‐based interventions fell into three main categories: dialogue‐based, health education courses based, and goal setting and achievement based. The intervention doses: length ranged from 4 weeks to 2 years, with most (n = 12) within 12 weeks; the duration of each session ranged from 30 to 150 min, with the majority (n = 7) within 1 h; the frequency ranged from five times weekly to three times in 10 months, and in six studies was once a week. Intervention providers were mostly multidisciplinary teams, while in four studies were nurses only. Most of the studies reported that salutogenic‐based interventions could improve older adults' sense of coherence, quality of life, self‐efficacy, self‐management, meaning of life and mental health. Conclusions: This review synthesized the interventions based on salutogenesis for older adults, including salutogenesis application, intervention and its doses, intervention settings and providers, and intervention effects. Future research on the effectiveness of the intervention, the optimal dose of the intervention and the underlying mechanisms are still necessary to understand salutogenic‐based interventions. No Patient or Public Contribution: Not apply as it's a review paper. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Salutogenic‐based intervention is effective for older adults in different scenarios to improve their health outcomes. Nurses play a key role in salutogenic‐based interventional programs and thus should be essential personnel as the intervention provider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To present a new etemic model of vulnerability. Background: Despite vulnerability being identified as a core consequence of health and health experiences, there has been little research exploring the meaning of vulnerability as a concept. Yet, being vulnerable is known to have dire physical/mental health consequences. It is therefore a fundamental issue for nurses to address. To date, the meaning of the term vulnerability has been influenced by the work of Spiers (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31, 2000, 715, The Essential Concepts of Nursing: Building Blocks for Practice, 2005, Elsevier, London). Spiers identified two aspects of vulnerability: the etic (external judgment of another persons’ vulnerability) and the emic (internal lived experience of vulnerability). This approach has led to a plethora of research which has explored the etic (external judgment) of vulnerability and rendered the internal lived (or emic) experience invisible. Consequences of this, for marginalised communities such as Gypsy Roma Travellers include a lack of culturally sensitive services compounding health inequalities. Design: Position paper. Method: Drawing upon a qualitative phenomenological research study exploring the lived experience of vulnerability from a Gypsy Roma Travelling community (published previously), this paper presents a new model of vulnerability. This etemic model of vulnerability values both external and internal dimensions of vulnerability and argues for a fusion of these two opposing perspectives. Conclusions: If nurses and other health‐ and social care professionals wish to develop practice that is successful in engaging with Gypsy Roma Travellers, then there is a need to both understand and respect their community. This can be achieved through an etemic approach to understanding their vulnerability achieved by eliciting lived experience alongside the appreciation of epidemiological studies. Relevance to clinical practice: If nurses and health practitioners used this etemic approach to practice then it would enable both the development and delivery of culturally sensitive services facilitating health access to this community. Only then, will their poor health status be successfully addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To explore the preparation that mental health nurses receive to address sexual health in practice. Background: People who use the mental health services often have complex sexual health needs. Mental health nurses are well placed to offer support. However, this rarely happens in practice, and therefore, people's sexual health needs are not being routinely addressed. It is not known why this is the case. Design: Systematic review and meta‐ethnography. Methods: EBSCO, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and ASSIA databases were searched using Booleans with Mesh and key terms including “mental health nurse” and “sexual health”. Date range was June 2006 to June 2016. Discursive papers were excluded. Included papers (n = 7) were synthesised using a meta‐ethnographic approach. Results: The search yielded seven studies. Five key themes were identified: the (not so) therapeutic relationship; personal values dictating professional ones; institutionalised fear; being human; and education: the answer but where is it? Conclusions: The findings illustrate the complexity of supporting people with mental health and sexual health needs. They show the discomfort many nurses have about broaching sexual health. Arguably more than with most issues, personal values impacted strongly on professional practice. Understanding the depth and multifaceted nature of these themes is important, because strategies can then be developed to mitigate the barriers to best practice. For example, the findings presented here offer a framework from which structured education and support can be built. Relevance to clinical practice: There is a need for Mental health nurses to be more responsive to concerns around sexual health and it should be routinely included in their practice. This study illuminates why this is not currently the case. By understanding this, remedial action can be taken by nurse educators. Implications are also discussed in relation to policy, research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To examine discrimination and resilience experiences of people who identify as transgender and establish potential health service responses. Background People who identify as transgender face many challenges in society in terms of the knowledge, understanding and acceptance of a person's gender identity. Design A narrative review of quantitative empirical research. Methods A comprehensive search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, Psyc INFO and Sociological Abstracts electronic databases from 2006-2016 was conducted. Results The search yielded 1,478 papers and following the application of rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of 19 papers were included in the review. The findings reveal that there is a need to ensure that the needs of transgender people are represented, fully integrated and clearly linked to outcomes that improve their health and quality of life. Conclusions Discrimination experiences can result in poorer health outcomes; however, many people have developed resilience and positive coping strategies. Relevance to clinical practice Nurses need to recognise and respond appropriately to the care and treatment needs of this population. Comprehensive nursing assessments and plans of care that encompass all aspects of the person should be in place supported by clear policy guidelines and evidence-based research. The education requirements of practitioners are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To highlight different ways that healthcare professionals can promote health and reduce health inequalities of lesbian and bisexual women using a health promotion framework that focusses on the wider healthcare context. Background Lesbian and bisexual women experience numerous health disparities that place them at high risk of poor health outcomes. The Frieden health impact pyramid ( American Journal for Public Health, 100, 2010 and 590) identifies five tiers of public health interventions. This pyramid could be used to promote health in lesbian and bisexual women in healthcare settings. Design A discursive paper. Methods Literature was searched from 2008-2015 using PubMed, ScienceDirect and published grey literature. Individual key words were used to locate articles that focused on lesbian and bisexual women's health inequalities and to identify the interventions to address these. Results Examples are presented across the tiers of the health impact pyramid in the context of healthcare settings that healthcare practitioners could action to promote health in lesbian and bisexual women. Conclusions The use of the Frieden triangle offers an alternative way to promote health by conceptualising health promotion interventions that promote lesbian and bisexual women without just focusing on behaviour change. The importance of changing areas of practice in healthcare organisations to be more supportive of lesbian and bisexual women and their healthcare needs is highlighted. Relevance to clinical practice This study highlights the ways that healthcare professionals can promote health of lesbian and bisexual women within their healthcare practice to help reduce health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To evaluate the mental health status, stressors and self‐adjustment of nurses in isolation wards at different periods in Wuhan, China. Background: Mental health issues easily occurred among the frontline medical workers of a major epidemic. However, the stressors and psychological adjustments experienced by nurses have not been well described. This is crucial to improving clinical quality and nursing safety and ensuring nurses' physical and psychological health. Methods: We performed a cross‐sectional prospective study using the Self Reporting Questionnaire‐20, stressor and self‐adjustment questionnaire administered to frontline nurses in Wuhan at two time points: after they had worked in isolation wards for 7–10 days (T1) and 2 months (T2). This paper complies with the STROBE reporting guideline for cross‐sectional studies. Results: T1 has 92 respondents, and T2 has 86. The positive rates of mental health problems were 26.09% and 9.30%, respectively, showing significantly different in the two periods. The main factors influenced mental health were self‐perceived stress and only child status. The most common stressors were as follows: a large infected population, high infectivity; concerned about family's health status; high mortality if not treated in time (T1); and long duration of the epidemic, separate from family for a long time (T2). In terms of self‐adjustment, 97.83%(T1)/88.04%(T2) of nurses thought it was necessary, but 9(T1) /5(T2) chose to avoid addressing it, and 8(T1) /5(T2) utilised a professional psychological counselling hotline. Conclusions: Mental health problems among frontline nurses fighting COVID‐19 need special attention, so administrators should offer timely counselling and strengthen effective psychosocial support to improve their mental resilience. Relevance to clinical practice: This study surveyed the mental problems and self‐adjustment status among nurses working Wuhan during the outbreak of COVID‐19, to provide administrators with a scientific basis to effectively intervene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and objectives: To explore whether nursing student's experiences at Recovery Camp have impacted their current nursing practices. Background: Recently, there has been a move towards more holistic models of nursing care, which seek to break down barriers of stigmatisation and embrace the tenets of self‐determination, to acknowledge people with lived experiences of mental illness and their ability to manage their recovery. In that regard, future health professionals such as nursing students will need to be educated in a manner that recognises the importance of lived experience. In this paper, we propose that Recovery Camp, an alternative clinical placement setting model, enhances clinical practice in multiple domains and is beneficial for both nursing practitioners and people with lived experiences of mental illness, as well as offering an effective nontraditional alternative to conventional clinical placement opportunities. Methods: This study employed a phenomenological research design, involving individual semi‐structured telephone interviews. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist was adhered to. Results: Three main themes were identified from the analysis: (a) engagement, (b) understanding mental health and (c) holistic care. "I definitely look at people with mental health conditions in a different light." At Recovery Camp, participants felt that they had greater opportunities for engagement with people with lived experiences, and through this engagement, their preconceptions of mental illness began to change. Conclusions: Recovery Camp may have facilitated the transfer of knowledge that is more person‐centred among nursing students, consequently impacting their current nursing practices. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses should be equipped with mental health skills regardless of their career trajectory. While Recovery Camp represents a promising approach to facilitate knowledge transfer, further investigation will be required to determine which other factors are instrumental. This approach may have wider implications for nursing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of the mental health nurse practitioner role in the emergency department in the context of the growing use of special units or segregated areas to manage particular kinds of mental health presentations, often complicated by substance use. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in mental health presentations to emergency departments, often complicated by substance abuse. Emergency departments have introduced a variety of mechanisms to address this growing problem. With the introduction of mental health nurse practitioners, opportunities arise to reconsider these mechanisms. Discursive paper. In this discursive paper, contemporary practices are described in relation to 'special care areas', 'psychiatric emergency centres' and 'short-stay units'. The mental health nurse practitioner role in training and capacity building is also explored and the notion of 'locational processes' described. Rather than being presented as an alternative to short-stay units, the mental health nurse practitioner role is explored in its potential to enhance mental health nursing practice in a sometimes difficult clinical environment. The paper provides evidence from literature and practice that the clinical outcome for consumers is enhanced through the mental health nurse practitioner role. It is argued that the introduction of the mental health nurse practitioner role in the emergency department leads to increased staff competence and confidence in interacting with those presenting with mental health issues. The mental health nurse practitioner role also addresses the serious problem of stigma associated with those with a mental health issue. It is expected that those presenting with mental health issues to the emergency department will benefit through the increased assessment and management skills of staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This paper explores the conditions for the possibilities of recovery in a Danish mental healthcare practice, expressed from the perspective of nurses. The results and discussion of the study help to make visible and explore the muddle of conceptualisations of recovery in mental healthcare practice. Background: Few studies examine the possibilities of recovery for inpatients and outpatients in mental health centres from a nursing perspective. Design: A qualitative design using a critical social constructionist frame of understanding, in which the real world is considered as a series of social constructions. Method: A Fairclough‐inspired critical discourse analysis was chosen as the analytical strategy. The analysis is comprised of ten interviews in mental health care and notes, written by nurses, in medical records of ten patients with a mental illness admitted to a mental healthcare centre in 2016–2017. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist was used as a guideline to secure accurate and complete reporting of the study (See Appendix S1). Results: From the findings of the textual analysis and the analysis of the discourse practice, it seems clear that the social relations and structures relating to recovery in Danish psychiatry are steered and controlled by discourses that reflect, in general terms, the essence of the core of neoliberal ideology. Conclusion: Recovery is generally articulated from an overall discourse of neoliberalism with its embedded discourses of paternalism, biomedicine, self‐care and holism. All these discourses coexist in nursing practice, but the paternalistic discourse becomes the framework for the conditions for the possibility of how recovery is expressed in practice. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses need to be supported to seek clarity in the understanding and operationalisation of a recovery‐oriented approach, if the agenda is to be truly adopted and strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objective: To capture the experiences of nurses in relation to the acutely physiologically deteriorating consumer. Background: Improving the physical health care of consumers with mental illness has been widely adopted as a priority for mental health nursing. Much of the effort thus far has focused on routine screening, prevention and treatment of common comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and cancer. There has been less focus on the acutely physiologically deteriorating consumer in the mental health setting. Further study is warranted since this issue poses a set of highly complex challenges for nurses within the inpatient setting. Method: An exploratory, descriptive study was employed using focus groups to gather narrative data, which was then subject to qualitative analysis. Eleven mental health inpatient wards within a local health district in Sydney, Australia, were studied, comprising ward‐based nurses (n = 64) and nurse unit managers (n = 8). This paper follows the COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative health research. Results: Qualitative data analysis revealed three themes central to the nurses' experience: (a) lack of clarity (subthemes: procedures and leadership accountability); (b) confidence in the workforce (subthemes: knowledge and skills, training needs, relevant experience, collaboration with emergency and medical teams, stigmatising attitudes); and (c) complexity (subthemes: complexity as the new norm and suitability of the mental health environment). Conclusion: The themes found in this study can be used to guide and inform healthcare policy, protocols, education and processes around building a more confident nurse workforce for the acutely physiologically deteriorating consumer. Relevance to clinical practice: Findings provide a rich data set for the generation of measurement tools and protocols to guide physical health care and evaluate performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The aim of this paper is to report on the role of an action researcher in a study investigating the change process in a health service context where a new assessment clinic was developed to manage the excessive waiting list for that service. Background For effective organisational change in health, there is a suggestion that change agents need to be emotionally intelligent; recognising the emotional state of individuals, reconciling that with the organisational drivers and making an assessment of readiness for organisational change. Anxiety features throughout this literature and there is a suggestion that being aware of anxiety and managing anxiety is within the emotionally intelligent change agent's repertoire, but there is a gap in the literature that explains this relationship in detail. Methods Data were generated to investigate the discrete nature of the role of the action researcher during this organisational change that spanned two years, through three methods: participant observations in the field captured in field notes ( n = 72); observations of team meetings that had been recorded and transcribed ( n = 13); interviews with key informants pre- and postintervention ( n = 14); a reflexive diary one document of 8920 words ( n = 1). Findings The data illuminating the interaction between the action researcher and participants were synthesised into two broad themes: how the action researcher introduced anxiety into the system; how the action researcher facilitated the participants to tolerate change anxiety. Discussion/relevance to clinical practice The findings from this study can be applied in clinical practice where change in practice is planned. Part of the requirement of a change agent in the NHS might be to be sufficiently emotionally literate to understand anxiety in the participant system and manage it to effect change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Strict patient isolation in hospital is associated with adverse health outcomes. However, there is a lack of high‐quality evidence for effective interventions to improve safety and quality of care for these patients. Aims: To identify patient reported areas for improvement in the care of patients in hospital isolation and to determine the feasibility of collecting patient reported outcomes using validated tools. Methods: Design: An exploratory mixed methods study. Setting: A major metropolitan teaching hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Participants: Patients in hospital isolation for transmissible infections. Data collection: Data were collected by (1) phone interviews with patients in isolation and (2) seven validated measurement tools to assess cognition, loneliness, nutritional status, quality of life, anxiety and depression and physical activity. Data were collected between September and December 2021. Data analysis: Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively including participant characteristics and outcome data. Results: Participants identified areas for improvement including activities to decrease boredom, more contact with staff to mitigate loneliness and increase comfort care, and formalised communication about clinical treatment and discharge plan. Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were happier to be alone. There were operational challenges within the health service including delays and miscommunication. Only 70% of the participants completed all questionnaires. Conclusion: This study identified areas for improvement in care of patients in isolation and demonstrated that collecting patient reported outcomes using validated tools was feasible. The results of this research will inform development of an intervention to manage adverse effects. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Patients in hospital isolation require additional consideration to ensure that their needs are met to avoid adverse outcomes. The patient experience and comfort can be negatively affected when fundamental care is lacking. Reporting Method (EQUATOR): EQUATOR guidelines for Mixed Methods Reporting in Rehabilitation & Health Sciences (MMR‐RHS). Patient or Public Contribution: Thirteen patients in hospital isolation agreed to participate in this study, sharing their experiences through interviews and assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To comprehensively examine the prevailing condition of care dependence among middle‐aged individuals who have experienced hemiplegia subsequent to a stroke and were currently undergoing post‐acute rehabilitation. Additionally, the study sought to analyse the determinants that impacted this phenomenon. Design: A single‐centre, cross‐sectional study design. Methods: During the period from January 2020 to October 2022, a cohort of 196 hemiplegic stroke patients, aged between 40 and 65, and within 6 months of their stroke onset, was selected from the cerebrovascular outpatient clinic at a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou. The demographic and disease‐related data, care dependence level, mental state, nutrition and depression status were collected. Furthermore, all collected data were analysed by descriptive and correlative statistical methods. Results: The care dependence level was 51.04 ± 9.42, with an incidence of care dependence of 78.1%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age, history of falls, physical dysfunction, chronic comorbidities, depression, nutritional status and cognitive dysfunction were influencing factors for care dependence in the participants after a stroke. Conclusion: The incidence of care dependence among hemiplegic patients aged from 40 to 65 years old in the early stage after a stroke was high. Nursing staff should focus on these patients with a history of falling, physical dysfunction, comorbidity, depression status, nutritional status and cognitive dysfunction in clinical practice. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The incidence of care dependence in middle‐aged hemiplegic patients following a stroke is significantly increased. Some risk factors should be assessed, monitored, and controlled by nursing staff as early as possible in order to reduce the dependence levels in post‐acute rehabilitation period and improve the quality of life of hemiplegia patients. Reporting Method: Our study complies with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Checklist: cross‐sectional studies (see Table S1). Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To review current research into the adherence to mental health treatment by adolescents. Background Nonadherence to medication among adolescents has been studied much more extensively than nonadherence to other forms of treatment. Monitoring adherence to all recommended services is essential when assessing the long-term effectiveness of different treatment programmes. Healthcare professionals who treat patients with mental illness must be able to accurately determine which of their patients are adhering to all prescribed treatments. Design This is a systematic narrative literature review of the current literature. Methods Using a narrative synthesis, the data from 15 relevant articles concerning adolescents in inpatient or outpatient mental health care were extracted and synthesised. Results The reviewed papers are discussed in terms of the methods used to study treatment adherence, the working definition of adherence used in each case and the results obtained concerning adherence in adolescents. Thirty-four to sixty-seven per cent of adolescents treated are fully adherent to their medication and exhibit reasonably good follow-through for the recommended treatments. However, rates of noncompliance with medication are quite high, and significant numbers of adolescents choose to discontinue their medication. Conclusions This review synthesises current published data on adherence to mental health treatment among adolescents in order to provide practitioners and researchers with a better understanding of this important area. It is recommended that future investigations should focus on adherence in inpatient care, adherence to nonpharmacological treatments and the identification of factors that influence adherence. Relevance to clinical practice The monitoring and understanding of adherence to recommended services is important. Therefore, these findings can be used by healthcare professionals who treat patients with mental illness to help them assess which of their patients are adhering to the prescribed treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions in enhancing sleep quality in older people. Background: Sleep problems in older adults have become increasingly prominent. Sleep problems not only affect the health and quality of life of older people, but also the range of chronic diseases caused by sleep problems also impose a huge burden on social services and health care. Non‐pharmacological interventions are an effective alternative to pharmacological therapies, but it is unclear which non‐pharmacological therapies are most effective in enhancing sleep quality in older adults. Design: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis based on PRISMA‐NMA. Methods: A total of seven databases were searched from the establishment of the database to March 2023. After literature screening and data extraction, the Cochrane Bias assessment tool 2.0 version of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was used to evaluate literature quality. A network meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the relative efficacy of the non‐pharmacological interventions on sleep quality. Results: A total of 71 RCTs involving nine non‐pharmacological interventions were included. The results of the network meta‐analysis showed that the joint intervention may be the most effective non‐pharmacological intervention to enhance sleep quality in older adults. Conclusion: This study confirms that non‐pharmacological interventions can improve sleep quality in older adults. The use of non‐pharmacological interventions can be promoted by healthcare professionals in the future to improve the quality of sleep and thus the physical and mental health of older people. Relevance to Clinical Practice: This evidence suggests that joint interventions may be most effective. Therefore, in the future, a combination of non‐pharmacological interventions could be used to maximise their effectiveness in improving sleep quality in older people and promoting healthy aging. No Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution is not applicable to this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a growing consensus to reduce the use of restrictive care practices in mental health settings to minimise the physical and psychological complications for patients. However, data regarding restrictive care practice use and factors contributing to variations in the proportion estimates has not previously been synthesised. Aims: This study aimed to synthesise evidence on (1) the pooled proportions of physical restraint, seclusion or chemical restraint in adult mental health inpatients and (2) sources of variability in these proportion estimates. Methods: Studies were identified from Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase and CINAHL databases following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We conducted a meta‐analysis of studies published in English language from 1 January 2010 to 15 August 2022. Binomial data were pooled using a random effect model, with 95% confidence intervals. Meta‐regression was also computed to identify factors that may contribute to variations in the proportion estimates. Results: A total of 77 studies were included in this meta‐analysis. The pooled prevalence of physical restraint, seclusion and chemical restraint was 14.4%, 15.8% and 25.7%, respectively. Data were heterogeneous across studies (I2 > 99%). Reporting practices and geographical locations contributed to the variability in the reported estimates of restrictive care practices, with studies from Asian countries reporting higher proportions. Conclusion: There appear differences between geographical locations in the proportion of restrictive practices in mental health inpatients; however, this is complicated by how these prevalence data have been measured and defined. Consistency in the reporting of restrictive care practices in mental health is required to make valid comparisons between geographical regions, policy settings and practice innovations. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Efforts are needed to develop training programmes and policy changes to ensure consistency in defining and reporting of restrictive care practices in mental health facilities. Patient/Public Contribution: This is a systematic review that analysed data from previously published studies, and there was no patient/public contribution in this study. Protocol Registration: The protocol for this review has been registered to PROSPERO: CRD42022335167. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the role of family meetings for individuals living with dementia and their family caregivers. Design: Integrative review. Methods: We conducted searches in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases (up to December 2022). Additionally, an ancestry search strategy was employed to supplement the retrieval of published literature related to family meetings or family conferences for people with dementia and their family caregivers. Results: The review integrated 11 articles, comprising seven quantitative studies, two qualitative studies, and two case reports. The findings did not indicate a significant improvement in end‐of‐life quality for individuals with dementia in the family meetings group compared to those receiving usual care. Limited evidence suggested some improvement in mental health outcomes for family caregivers. Both intervention and control groups incurred high care costs. However, family meetings appeared to delay nursing home placements for individuals with dementia. Two qualitative studies provided insights into the experiences of families and healthcare professionals participating in family meetings, highlighting opportunities and challenges in implementing such meetings. Additionally, two case reports offered specific and illustrative accounts of typical family meetings. Conclusion: Family meetings can delay nursing home placements for elderly individuals with dementia. Families dealing with dementia perceive family meetings as an opportunity to collaborate with professionals in providing comprehensive care. Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness of family meetings in decision‐making for families affected by dementia. Additionally, addressing timing and process coordination issues in family meetings is crucial for optimising their practices among families dealing with dementia. Relevance to Clinical Practice: In order to make family meetings more accessible to families of individuals with dementia, we offer the following recommendations for future research and practice: Rather than a blanket rejection, the decision regarding the participation of individuals with dementia in family meetings should be based on their specific condition and the needs of their family.Coordination and harmonisation of opinions and perceptions among family members of individuals with dementia can sometimes be complex for healthcare professionals. The involvement of family coordinators may simplify this process.To determine the optimal timing for holding family meetings that can better assist families dealing with dementia, we propose that the right to initiate a meeting be granted to the family. This allows them to convene with healthcare professionals and address their concerns at their convenience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among occupational stress, recovery experience and turnover intention among nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Background: The high turnover intention among nurses affect patient safety quality of patient care. Design: The cross‐sectional study design was used. This study was guided by STROBE. Methods: Convenience sampling identified 202 registered nurses working in the COVID‐19 wards of three tertiary general hospitals in two cities in South Korea. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0, and the PROCESS macro in SPSS was employed to estimate path coefficients and assess the adequacy of the model. The moderating effects of recovery experience on the pathway in which occupational stress of the participants affects turnover intention were verified using model 1 of the SPSS PROCESS macro proposed by Hayes. Results: The recovery experience did not significantly mediate the relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention. However, it had significant moderating effect on the relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention (β =.005, 95% CI [.001,.010]). The effect of occupational stress on turnover intention was dependent on recovery experience. Conclusion: The results revealed that occupational stress among nurses caring for patients with COVID‐19 affect the turnover intention and the level of recovery experience moderates this relationship. Thus, not only during the COVID‐19 pandemic but also during challenging times of various infectious disease outbreaks, hospitals can enhance the health and well‐being of nurses and promote the retention of nursing staff. Implications for the profession: During the COVID‐19 pandemic, nurses have been exposed to understaffing and overwhelming workloads. However, policies for nurses' welfare and benefits are still insufficient, even as the pandemic comes to an end. The results of this study indicate that sufficient rest and appropriate nursing personnel are of utmost importance to nurses. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To explore emotional, mental health and physical symptoms up to 3 months after discharge for adults hospitalized with COVID‐19. Background: 10%–30% of adults with COVID‐19 experience physical and psychological symptoms 3 months or more following infection. Knowing symptoms can help direct early intervention. Design: A longitudinal descriptive design to study COVID‐related symptoms 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months after hospitalization. Methods: Sixty‐six patients were recruited from a hospital system in Midwestern US (October 2020–May 2021). Participants self‐reported demographics, hospital and post discharge symptoms, PROMIS measures (depression, anxiety, fatigue, cognitive function, satisfaction social roles, sleep disturbance) and Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R). Hospital length of stay, comorbidities, lowest oxygen saturation, respiratory support and resources used were collected. Descriptive and nonparametric statistics described the sample and identified correlations between variables. The STROBE checklist was used. Results: Data from 1 (T1) and 3 months (T2) post discharge were analysed (N = 52). A majority were female, white and married; 96% experienced ≥1 COVID‐related symptoms at T1; 85% at T2. Fatigue was most prevalent, followed by shortness of breath, muscle weakness and foggy thinking. More physical symptoms during hospitalization correlated positively with number of symptoms at T1 and T2; a majority stated these impacted their normal routine 'somewhat' or 'a lot'. T1 depression highly correlated with all T2 PROMIS and IES‐R scores and number of physical symptoms. More symptoms at T1 were associated with worse fatigue, lower cognitive function and lower satisfaction with social roles at T2. Conclusion: This study adds to the growing knowledge of mental, physical and emotional symptoms and relationships between these early after hospitalization with COVID‐19. Relevance to clinical practice: Findings can help identify holistic nursing interventions to improve health and mitigate symptoms for people with long COVID. Patient or public contribution: Patients contributed via study participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Objectives: To evaluate changes in compassion fatigue (CF), burnout (BO), compassion satisfaction (CS) and fear of COVID‐19 among Spanish nurses by comparing two assessment points: before and after the COVID‐19 vaccination campaign. Background: The COVID‐19 pandemic has produced a great impact in healthcare worker's professional quality of life, especially among nurses. CF, BO and fear of COVID‐19 decisively affect the care provided by nurses and put them at risk for mental health problems, so longitudinal studies are essential. Design: A repeated cross‐sectional design was carried out with a time‐lapse of 12 months. Methods: A total of 439 registered nurses in December 2020 and 410 in December 2021 participated in this study through an online survey. Data were collected using the Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale. Occupational and sociodemographic variables were also analysed. This article adheres to the STROBE guidelines for the reporting of observational studies. Results: The fear of COVID‐19 has not been reduced among nurses. The levels of BO remain stable and continue to be high in half of the professionals. CF has been reduced with a small effect size (d = 0.30), while CS has also decreased (d = 0.30). Positive correlations were found in both assessment points between fear of COVID‐19 and BO (r =.44, p ≤.001; r =.41, p ≤.001) and also between fear of COVID and CF (r =.57, p ≤.001; r =.50, p ≤.001). Negative correlations between fear and CS were also found (r = −.16, p =.001; r = −.22, p ≤.001). Relevance to Clinical Practice: Programmes to reduce fear of COVID‐19, BO and CF are needed to improve mental health and to prevent psychological distress among nurses, as well as to increase CS and preserve the productivity and quality of nursing care. Patient or Public Contribution: The nurses collaborated by participating in the present study anonymously and disinterestedly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States. Worldwide, over 700,000 people die by suicide each year. Healthcare workers are more vulnerable to suicide risk factors than the general population. The global COVID‐19 pandemic presents additional workplace and health concerns that relate to suicide risk factors in healthcare workers. It is important to recognise suicide risk factors in healthcare workers and to implement strategies to reduce these risk factors. Objectives: This study describes the impact of the global COVID‐19 pandemic on risk factors for suicide in healthcare workers and identifies evidence‐based strategies and resources to reduce suicide risk factors in healthcare workers. Design: The authors conducted a thematic analysis and narrative review of the literature. Methods: Using health science databases, the authors searched the literature, selected and analyzed studies, identified themes, synthesised findings and created a narrative review. The STROBE checklist was used in this study. Results: Two themes were identified (1) The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on work‐related suicide risk factors in healthcare workers; (2) The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health‐related suicide risk factors in healthcare workers. The pandemic has affected suicide risk factors in healthcare workers. Many studies discussed evidence‐based strategies and resources that can be used to reduce suicide risk factors. Conclusion: The global COVID‐19 pandemic has negatively impacted suicide risk factors in healthcare workers. It is time for individuals and healthcare delivery systems to implement suicide risk prevention strategies to protect healthcare workers now and in the future. Relevance to Clinical Practice: This review increases awareness of the pandemic's impact on healthcare workers' risk factors for suicide and identifies evidence‐based suicide risk prevention strategies and resources for healthcare workers. Patient or Public Contribution: Library services supported this research by generating search strategies and providing resources and tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: University students are generally quite active in social life. It is thought that their fear of contagion/being contagious will affect their depression, anxiety and stress levels due to the removal of restrictions and the increase in individual responsibilities. This study aims to determine the effect of fear of contagion/being contagious on depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: This study, descriptive and cross‐sectional. Quantitative data were collected using the Demographic Information Form, the Fear of Contagion/Transmission Scale and the Depression‐Anxiety‐Stress Scale. The sample included 3500 participants. Descriptive statistics were used for the presentation of the results. The STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used in this study. Results: This study revealed that the depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students were above normal, and these results were mostly associated with females, those with a chronic disease and high fear of contagion/being contagious. Conclusion: The findings of this study may be useful for precautionary plans to support the psychological health of university students after the COVID‐19 pandemic and in the fight against possible new pandemics. Considering the findings of our study, educational programs should be planned for youth in general and university students in particular to deal with depression, anxiety, stress and fears. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students were above normal. As the fear of contamination and contagion increases, the level of depression, anxiety and stress increases. Those with chronic diseases have high levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Patient or Public Contribution: Research data were collected through an online questionnaire. Data collection tools were prepared on Google Forms, and then, links were shared with student groups over social media. Students shared the link on their social platforms, allowing it to reach wider audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To explore the experiences of nursing students in England who had worked through the first wave and transitioned to qualification in the ongoing pandemic. Background: Experiences of health professionals and student nurses during the pandemic are now well documented, but the transition of students to qualification is less well understood. In Summer 2020, we interviewed 16 student nurses who had worked as health care assistants on paid extended placements as part of the COVID‐19 response in the East of England, finding surprisingly positive experiences, including perceived heightened preparedness for qualification. A year later, we re‐interviewed 12 participants from the original study to hear about transitioning to qualification during the ongoing pandemic. This study provides novel insights into their experiences. Design: A qualitative study design was used. Methods: Twelve newly qualified nurses who had participated in the original study took part in qualitative, online interviews where they shared their experiences of working and transitioning to qualification during the ongoing pandemic since we spoke to them a year earlier. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. COREQ guidelines were used in developing and reporting this study. Results: Three themes were identified. Constant change: in the clinical environment and arising out of the transition to newly qualified nurse, mental health and well‐being and reflecting on the past to learn for the future. Conclusions: Participants experienced a unique transition to qualification. The perceived heightened preparedness for qualification that participants who had worked as students during the first wave of the pandemic had become a reality, ameliorating some of the known effects of transition. However, increased expectations and added responsibilities in extremely busy, fluctuating clinical environments with minimal support add weight to calls for mandatory preceptorship programmes. While heightened resilience was evident, provision of ongoing mental health and well‐being support is strongly recommended. Relevance to Clinical Practice: We need a partnership approach with nurse educators and practice colleagues which ensures preparation for qualified practice is appropriate. If we do not effectively prepare students for qualified nurse posts, patient care will almost certainly be compromised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: This review aims to synthesize the available evidence of what patients experience when infected with COVID‐19, both in hospital and post‐discharge settings. Design: This review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for qualitative systematic reviews and evidence synthesis. Reporting of results was presented according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) checklist. Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) continues to be a public health crisis worldwide. Many patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 have varied levels of persisting mental disorders. Previous studies have reported the degree, prevalence and outcome of psychological problems. Minimal research explored the experience of patients with long COVID. The real‐life experience of patients with COVID‐19 from diagnosis to post‐discharge can deepen the understanding of nurses, physicians and policymakers. Methods: All studies describing the experience of patients were included. Two authors independently appraised the methodological quality of the included studies using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research 2020. Results: This systematic review aggregated patients' experience of being diagnosed with COVID‐19 in both hospitalized and post‐discharge settings. Finally, 17 studies met inclusion criteria and quality appraisal guidelines. The selected studies in the meta‐synthesis resulted in 12 categories, and further were concluded as five synthesized findings: physical symptoms caused by the virus, positive and negative emotional responses to the virus, positive coping strategies as facilitators of epidemic prevention and control, negative coping strategies as obstacles of epidemic prevention and control, and unmet needs for medical resource. Conclusions: The psychological burden of patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 is heavy and persistent. Social support is essential in the control and prevention of the epidemic. Nurses and other staff should pay more attention to the mental health of the infected patients both in and after hospitalization. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses should care about the persistent mental trauma of COVID‐19 survivors and provide appropriate psychological interventions to mitigate the negative psychological consequences of them. Besides, nurses, as healthcare professionals who may have the most touch with patients, should evaluate the level of social support and deploy it for them. It is also needed for nurses to listen to patient's needs and treat them with carefulness and adequate patience in order to decrease the unmet needs of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To explore the long‐term impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on nurse alcohol consumption. Background: The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused immense disruption to healthcare services worldwide, and nurses have not been immune, experiencing burnout, declining mental health and ultimately, attrition from the profession. Increases in alcohol consumption have been reported across subsections of society, including those with pre‐existing mental ill health and experiencing high stress, and exploring this phenomenon in nurses is essential for workforce well‐being and sustainability. Design: Qualitative descriptive study design. Methods: Secondary analysis of individual, semi‐structured interviews with nurses (N = 42) from diverse settings across Australia, including community, primary and hospital settings, conducted in July and August 2021. Data were analysed using structural coding and reported in accordance with the CORE‐Q guidelines. Findings Two key themes were found after analysis of the data: (1) factors influencing alcohol consumption (subthemes: workplace factors and external factors), and (2) the pandemic's influence on alcohol consumption (subthemes: increased consumption, moderation of consumption and alcohol as a reward). Conclusions: Several participants described increased alcohol consumption because of the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly due to the stress of working in an environment where resources were scarce. Workplace factors such as overtime, missed breaks and heightened workload were all described as driving stress, and in turn increased alcohol consumption. Relevance to clinical practice: Increased alcohol consumption has been associated with burnout, absenteeism and intention to leave. The nursing profession is currently undergoing significant continuing stress providing care and management to patients with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, and increased alcohol consumption is a significant threat to personal and workforce well‐being, workforce sustainability and quality nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To identify changes in mental health status among nursing professionals in a Brazilian municipality during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design: An observational and longitudinal study. Methods: Using the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, the presence of depressive symptoms was evaluated among 690 nursing professionals in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, at two moments: June/July 2020 and June/July 2021. Results: 13.0% incidence of depressive symptoms was identified; as well as 12.2% remission; 24.1% persistence and 50.7% absence. Among the factors associated with the worst prognoses we can mention female gender, greater workload, feeling of overload, illness of family members or friends due to COVID‐19 and use of psychotropic drugs Conclusions: There was significant mobility in the diagnosis of depression among the professionals studied during the period analysed, with incidence of new cases of significant depression and greater than the number of remissions. In addition to sociodemographic aspects, traumatic experiences and exposure to continuous overload were associated with persistence and incidence of new cases. Implications for the profession and/or patient care: With the advent of the COVID‐19 pandemic, several studies have shown an increase in depressive symptoms among nursing professionals; however, understanding the long‐term effects of this scenario is still a challenge. Impact: What problem did the study address? This study investigates changes in the mental health status of nursing professionals working at different care levels, taking the prevalence of screening for depression as a proxy, during a period of a year during the COVID‐19 pandemic. What were the main findings? Between both data collection moments, 2020 e 2021, there was a significant percentage of professionals with persistent depression, in addition to a significant proportion of incident cases that slightly exceeded the number of remissions and the factors associated with the worst prognoses were sociodemographic aspects such as gender and emotional stressors like illness of family members or close friends due to COVID‐19, in addition to those related to the organisation and support provided by the services, such as workload and feeling of overload. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? This study will impact the nursing professionals and in role of the health services in order to establishing actions that contribute to minimising the deleterious effects of the pandemic on the mental health of their Nursing teams. Reporting method: The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were adopted in this study. Patient or public contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives The purpose of the paper was to describe the perceptions of public health nurses' roles in relation to psychotropic drug use by adolescents. Background Mental health problems among adolescents are documented with studies indicating an increased use of psychotropic drugs. In Norway, care for such adolescents may fall naturally into the remit of public health nurses. Design A phenomenographic approach was used to analyse the data. Method A qualitative interview study was made of 20 Norwegian public health nurses, strategically chosen using phenomenographic methodology. Results The public health nurses described three categories: discovering public health nurses who become aware of psychotropic drug use in the health dialogue with adolescents and choose to either act or not act in relation to psychotropic drug use. Those public health nurses who take action are cooperating public health nurses, who cooperate with adolescents, their families, schools and others. If cooperation has been established, supporting public health nurses teach and support the adolescent in relation to psychotropic drug use. Conclusion The public health nurses who do not act can hinder or delay further treatment. Public health nurses need to acquire knowledge about psychotropic drugs, to fulfil their role in nursing mental health problems among adolescents and the increasing use of psychotropic drugs. Relevance to clinical practice The results demonstrated that public health nurses, working in health centres and schools, have the responsibility and the opportunity to identify young people struggling with mental health problems and psychotropic drug use as well as teach and support significant others, e.g. parents and siblings. Intervention studies are needed with regard to health promotion programmes aimed at fortifying young people's mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives This paper reports mental health nurses' perspectives of absconding. The aims of the study were to explore nurses' perceptions of risk assessment and management practices regarding absconding from acute inpatient psychiatric settings, and their affective responses when patients absconded. Background Nurses are directly involved in managing the risk of patients leaving hospital while acutely unwell, as well as dealing with the implications of an absconding event. However, despite their key role, few studies have explored nurses' perceptions of absconding. Design An interpretive inquiry was undertaken using a systematic thematic approach. Methods Mental health nurses ( n = 11) from three acute inpatient mental health units in Australia took part in semi-structured interviews, with a focus on the nurses' experiences of working with patients who had absconded. Data were analysed using systematic thematic coding procedures. Results Nurses' assessment of a patient's risk of absconding involved the use of clinical judgement, focusing on markers of absconding including the patient's history and clinical presentation. The acuity of the perceived risk determined the type of risk management strategy implemented, which could include support, observation and/or the use of containment procedures. Nurses responded with a myriad of affective reactions when patients absconded depending on their assessment of the patient's risk. Conclusions Support and debriefing is required for mental health nurses following an absconding event. Additional research is vital to identify alternative absconding assessment and management strategies to ensure the best possible outcome for patients and nurses. Relevance to clinical practice Mental health nurses play a central role in risk assessment and management for absconding, with fear of repercussions a significant consequence for them. This research highlights the importance of both clinical judgment and standardised instruments in assessing absconding risk. Further research is needed to identify alternative evidence-based absconding management strategies to support nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the self‐reported levels of social support from friends and family and from nurses as mediators of the relationship between self‐rated physical and psychological condition in hospitalised patients. Design: Cross‐sectional study of adult inpatients at a large tertiary‐care hospital in the northeast United States. Methods: Multiple mediation analysis of survey data. Results: In surveys received from 324 inpatients, one fourth of the variation in patients' self‐rated psychological condition was explained by self‐rated physical condition. Social support from family and friends mediated a significant proportion (11.0%) of the relationship between self‐rated physical and psychological condition, however social support from nurses did not. Conclusion: Social support from family and friends can positively influence the psychological health of inpatients, but nurses are not an adequate replacement for the social support provided by family and friends. Implications for Nursing: Although nurses cannot replace the social support provided by family and friends, the assessment of social isolation and care planning of interventions to support patients is a fundamental nursing role. Technology to connect patients with friends and family should be used to mitigate isolation for hospitalised patients unable to receive in‐person visits from loved ones. Impact: The influence of social support from family and friends and nurses was addressed. The study found social support from family and friends, but not nurses, to influence the relationship between physical and psychological ratings. This finding has implications for the role of nurses in the hospital setting. Reporting Method: Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Recent studies have suggested increased rates of depression in healthcare workers (HCWs), with direct impact on care quality and productivity. The objective was to determine the proportion of HCWs adequately treated for their major depression in a nationwide survey, the proportion of lifestyle risk factors for depression, and to determine if working in psychiatry department or professional status may modulate these outcomes. Design: The method followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement guidelines. A survey comprising the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression Scale was sent to public and private national healthcare facilities. Results: Overall, 10,325 participants were recruited; 3438 (33.3%) [95% confidence interval 32.4–34.2] met likely diagnostic criteria for clinical depression. Almost 80% of them declared that they had a history of major depressive episode. However, only approximately 23% of them were treated with antidepressants and approximately 13% had a psychiatric follow‐up. Depressed HCWs working in psychiatry departments received slightly better care for their depression, but they also consumed more anxiolytics and hypnotics and had more risk factors for depression (including smoking and hazardous drinking). We found specificities according to professions, physicians reported higher rates of hazardous drinking while nurses, nurse assistants, and health executives had higher rates of smoking and twice as much obesity as physicians. Conclusion: Disseminating tools to detect major depression, programs destigmatizing depression and antidepressants, promoting physical activity, weight loss, tobacco cessation and reduced alcohol consumption are promising strategies to improve the care of major depression in HCWs. Relevance to clinical practice: Reducing depression in healthcare workers is necessary to improve the quality of care, to limit burnout, medical errors, absenteeism and turn‐over and globally to improve the wellbeing at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the COVID‐19 epidemic, palliative care has become even more indispensable for cancer patients. Aim: To identify the changes in palliative care for cancer patients and improvements in palliative care quality during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design: A systematic review and narrative synthesis was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. An evaluation tool using mixed methods was used to assess the quality of the study. The main relevant themes identified were used to group qualitative and quantitative findings. Results: A total of 36 studies were identified, primarily from different countries, with a total of 14,427 patients, 238 caregivers and 354 health care providers. Cancer palliative care has been experiencing several difficulties following the COVID‐19 pandemic, including increased mortality and infection rates as well as delays in patient treatment that have resulted in poorer prognoses. Treatment providers are seeking solutions such as electronic management of patients and integration of resources to care for the mental health of patients and staff. Telemedicine plays an important role in many ways but cannot completely replace traditional treatment. Clinicians strive to meet patients' palliative care needs during special times and improve their quality of life. Conclusions: Palliative care faces unique challenges during the COVID‐19 epidemic. With adequate support to alleviate care‐related challenges, patients in the home versus hospital setting will be able to receive better palliative care. In addition, this review highlights the importance of multiparty collaboration to achieve personal and societal benefits of palliative care. Patient or Public Contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions to reduce stress and promote mental health in healthcare professionals, and to compare the efficacy of different types of programs (guided vs. self‐guided; 'third‐wave' psychotherapies vs. other types). Background: Healthcare workers present high levels of stress, which constitutes a risk factor for developing mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. eHealth interventions have been designed to reduce these professional's stress considering that the characteristics of this delivery method make it a cost‐effective and very appealing alternative because of its fast and easy access. Design: A systematic review of quantitative studies. Methods: A comprehensive database search for quantitative studies was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane (until 1 April 2022). The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and SWiM reporting guidelines. The quality of the studies was assessed using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute tools. Results: The abstracts of 6349 articles were assessed and 60 underwent in‐depth review, with 27 fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The interventions were classified according to their format (self‐guided vs. guided) and contents ('third‐wave' psychotherapies vs. others). Twenty‐two interventions emerged, 13 of which produced significant posttreatment reductions in stress levels of health professionals (9 self‐guided, 8 'third wave' psychotherapies). Significant effects in improving depressive symptomatology, anxiety, burnout, resilience and mindfulness, amongst others, were also found. Conclusion: The evidence gathered in this review highlights the heterogeneity of the eHealth interventions that have been studied; self‐guided and 'third‐wave' psychotherapy programs are the most common, often with promising results, although the methodological shortcomings of most studies hinder the extraction of sound conclusions. Protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42022310199. No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we identify key aspects for enhancing real-world research in mental health care clinical settings and broadly discuss some practicalities and issues that must be considered beforehand. Practice which is evidence-based uses interventions or treatment methods that are supported by research findings for their quality and efficacy. Modern mental health settings endorse evidence-based practice and welcome the development of innovative, evidence-based approaches to care. Often, however, research findings are inaccessible, inconclusive, inconsistent, contradictory and overwhelming in sheer volume. Further, where there is no evidence, the absence of evidence is frequently mistaken for evidence of absence of the effectiveness of services. Discursive paper. The main themes expressed in the literature were collated by the authors into themes, and their relevance to the development of real-world clinical mental health research is summarised with the aid of a vignette. Ideally, research should be part of mainstream activities and as such constitute core business. Staff in mental health services should be encouraged to be research productive, and prospective clinical researchers should consider linking their studies to higher research degree programmes so that they can access resources, support and expertise to sustain motivation and morale. For research findings to make the leap to evidence-based practice, the research needs to include real-world consumers and families typical of clinical practice supported by clinically relevant outcomes. Clinical and research leaders should create opportunities for academic and clinical nurses to collaborate in research, and researchers should ensure that clinically relevant outcomes are presented in ways that are meaningful and accessible to clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To implement and evaluate strategies suggested by general nurses to improve management of children and adolescents with mental health problems admitted to a paediatric unit of a general hospital. Background. The first phase of a study using a Participatory Action Research approach identified several concerns associated with general nurses providing care to young people with mental disorders in paediatric units of general hospitals, together with suggestions for strategies to address these issues. This paper describes the second and third phase of the Participatory Action Research study, involving the implementation and evaluation of these strategies. Design. Participatory Action Research. Methods. Actions that occurred during phase two of the Participatory Action Research study included revision and introduction of policies and procedures for mental health care in the unit, education and training sessions for paediatric nursing staff and opportunities to strengthen communication between existing mental health services. In phase three, two focus groups were conducted to explore current perceptions of mental health care delivery in the unit and evaluate change, following phase two. Results. Changes in clinical practice for paediatric mental health care were acknowledged by participants. Reflection has assisted nurses to better understand their strengths and weaknesses and to acknowledge and challenge the assumptions on which their ideas, feelings and actions about patients with mental health issues are based. Participants also recognised the existing skills and expertise they possess that are relevant to the management of young people with a mental health problem, although they continue to seek ongoing education and support in this field. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that through Participatory Action Research it is possible to enhance mental health nursing care in a rural paediatric unit. Relevance to clinical practice. Such changes have the potential to improve the experience of young people and their families whilst receiving treatment for mental health conditions in a general paediatric unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives. The aim of this paper is to examine the use of mental health triage scales in Australian emergency departments (EDs) and to explore the use of the Australasian Triage Scale (ATS) with existing mental health triage scales. Background. Since the introduction of mainstreaming and deinstitutionalisation in Australian mental health care, the number of clients presenting to Australian EDs has been increasing. It has become apparent that the lack of mental health descriptors in existing triage scales diminishes the ability of ED triage staff to accurately assess clients with a mental illness. In response to this, specialised mental health triage scales have been developed and introduced into practice. Concurrently, mental health descriptors have been incorporated into the ATS used across Australian EDs. Design. A review of English language literature was conducted. Method. The data bases Proquest, Synergy and CINAHL were searched using the key words ‘emergency department’, ‘triage’, ‘mental health’ and again using the term ‘emergency mental health triage’. Results. There is a paucity of literature surrounding the use of mental health triage scales in Australian EDs; 18 articles were found to be directly relevant to the subject matter. Conclusion. Currently clients with a mental illness presenting to the ED may be triaged against one of four mental health triage scales. Research has shown that the mental health descriptors in the ATS are not as reliable as a specialised mental health triage scale. Relevance to clinical practice. This has implications for clinical practice on two levels. First, it affects the initial triage assessment in the ED and the ability for mental health clinicians to respond in a timely manner and this will have an impact on clinical outcomes. Second, the use of the mental health triage criteria in the ATS may misrepresent ED workloads and affect data pertaining to ED performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To determine the prevalence and levels of anxiety and depression symptoms among nursing students during the coronavirus lockdown, and to examine factors associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression on this population. Background: Nursing students deal with diverse stressors during their university lives. Confinement measures during COVID‐19 outbreak may have influenced students' mental health and well‐being. Anxiety and depression are common among nursing students due to different factors. Evidence relating to anxiety and depression in nursing student population during SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is limited. Design: A cross‐sectional descriptive co‐relational study during the lockdown due to the coronavirus outbreak in Spain was conducted. Methods: An online questionnaire was developed by using google forms. Sociodemographic characteristics form, and the Spanish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used. Spanish nursing students across the country were enrolled. Data collection was performed between 4 April 2020 and 21 April 2020. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine the association between sociodemographic variables, COVID‐19 and HADS scores. Results: 1319 participants were enrolled. The sample was formed by 87.1% female students with a mean age of 22 years (SD ± 5.677). We found a mean score of 8.47 ± 4.104 on Scale HADS‐Anxiety and 6.80 ± 2.988 on HADS‐Depression. 31.6% students presented abnormal scores of anxiety symptoms, and only 11.4% participants revealed abnormal scores on HADS‐Depression. Conclusions: The reported prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms on nursing students during the COVID‐19 lockdown is 56.4% and 38.2%, respectively. 43.6% of the sample scored normal anxiety levels, and 61.8% obtained normal depression levels. Higher anxiety and depression levels were statistically associated with being a first‐year student, being a smoker, feeling fear, feeling stress and having any close family member infected. Relevance to clinical practice: These data should be valuable for detection and for further treatment decision of this disorders at the initial stage and could be important to prevent further damages to mental health and promote physical, psychological and well‐being among this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To investigate the factors affecting quality of life in healthcare providers who care for patients with COVID‐19. Background: Healthcare providers caring for COVID‐19 patients during the pandemic suffered a deterioration in their quality of life. Several studies have explored their psychological impact of working with COVID patients, but none have examined the causes of this deterioration. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: In the current study, the authors investigated the factors affecting quality of life in 293 healthcare providers recruited from a medical centre in northern Taiwan who had recently cared for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 by analysing their responses to an online self‐report questionnaire, using bivariate correlations and structural equation modelling. Reporting of this research adheres to the STROBE guideline. Results: The study identified an important sequence of factors that mediated the effects of perceived success of epidemic prevention policies, family relations problems and education level on quality of life in a sample of healthcare workers caring for COVID‐19 patients. The mediators were use of approach‐oriented coping strategies and current mental health status. Specifically, use of approach‐oriented coping strategies was found to directly cause improved quality of life and indirectly cause improved mental health, whereas use of avoidant coping strategies was found to directly cause worsening of mental health. Poor mental health predicted poor quality of life. Conclusions: Results suggest that implementation of sound epidemic prevention policies that promote adoption of approach‐oriented coping behaviour should lead to a better quality of life in the future for healthcare providers working in challenging circumstances. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Assessment of these policies as well as the providers' family relations are necessary first steps to improving the success of approach‐oriented coping behaviour in this population, which in turn can improve their mental health and quality of life. Patient or Public Contribution: Neither patients nor members of the public were involved in the design or execution of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: Synthesising evidence for effects of dyadic psychoeducational support programs on both people with dementia and their caregivers' health and well‐being. Background: There is an increasing need for psychoeducational support programs for people with dementia and their caregivers; therefore, it is important to identify the benefits and practical implications of the programs on the dyads. Methods: Guided by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) framework, a systematic search of literature was conducted on dyadic psychoeducational programs published in English between January 2012 and January 2021 from four electronic databases. Results: Twenty‐four studies evaluating 27 psychoeducational programmes were included in this review. Programs varied in activity types, intensity and duration. Outcome effects on people with dementia were grouped into seven categories: quality of life, cognitive function, psychological and mental health, physical health, changed behaviours, communication and relationship, institutionalisation or mortality. Outcome effects on caregivers were grouped into six: psychological and mental health, quality of life, impact of caregiving, communication and relationship, physical health, and competency. Dyadic psychoeducational programs which were goal oriented and tailored to address individual needs had consistent benefits on various aspects of health and quality of life for the dyads. Conclusions: Multicomponent psychoeducational support programs combined with addressing individual needs, identifying goals and providing support to attain specific outcomes are recommended. Given the progressive deterioration of people with dementia, and the increased needs for homecare by family members, delivering long‐term, support programs are recommended to maintain the positive effects on the dyads. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The findings contribute to dementia‐care provision and policy making and inform the development of person‐centred interventions and governance. Patient or Public Contribution: This systematic review was a part of a larger service evaluation project which involved a dementia consumer advisory group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the mental health of transplant recipients, especially psychological integration and the donor‐recipient relationship. Background: Psychological integration and the donor‐recipient relationship are unique psychological perception of recipients with transplantation, which have important effects on their mental health and recovery. However, few studies have focused on the feelings and attitudes of cadaveric liver transplant recipients. Design: A qualitative descriptive design was used. Methods: Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted face‐to‐face with 30 recipients after liver transplantation. Qualitative content analysis was used and data saturation was achieved. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) were used. Results: Three themes and eight subthemes were identified. (1) Psychological integration—acknowledging the transplanted liver was a part of their own body and attaching great importance to the liver; (2) Attitudes towards the donor—gratitude to the donor, being inspired by the dedication of the donor and mourning the donor's misfortune; and (3) Living in the moment—health behaviours of self‐care, emotional regulation and positive attitude about life. Conclusion: The psychological integration of recipients of cadaveric liver transplants is smooth, and the attitudes towards the donor are positive. From the perspective of positive psychology, we observed the important role of post‐traumatic growth of the recipient and positive emotions in promoting the recipient's health behaviours for self‐care, emotion regulation and attitudes towards life. Relevance for Clinical Practice Medical staff should help recipients to deal with these issues about the organ and its donor constructively and guide them to focus on postoperative inner growth and positive emotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the professional transition of new graduate nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Background: The transition from the role of student to the professional role can be challenging for new graduate nurses for the acquisition of higher autonomy and responsibility. The COVID‐19 pandemic impacted the quality of the professional transition. Design: This was a cross‐sectional observational study following the Strengthening and Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. Methods: One hundred and two nurses who graduated in three consecutive sessions (November 2019—pre‐pandemic, March 2020—pandemic outbreak, and November 2020—2nd wave) in a north Italian university located in the most affected Italian region by the COVID‐19 pandemic, completed an online survey assessing well‐being, risk of burnout, resilience, perceived stigma, strengths and limitations and quality of the professional transition. The study was performed between March and May 2021. Results: 81.4% of participants described the professional transition as worse than expected, and new graduate nurses who worked in COVID‐19 settings reported a more difficult transition to professional life. No differences emerged in burnout, mental well‐being and perceived stigma between new graduate nurses who worked in COVID‐19 settings and those who did not. Similarly, no differences emerged amongst the three graduated cohort sessions. The most commonly mentioned challenges faced during the transition were organisational aspects, suddenly acquired autonomy and lack of suitable coaching. Conclusion: New graduate nurses reported a challenging academic‐professional transition, in particular, those who worked in COVID‐19 settings. The mid‐ and long‐term impact of experiencing an academic‐professional transition in COVID‐19 settings should be assessed and monitored. Relevance to clinical practice: The professional transition of new graduate students should be adequately planned and monitored, new graduates should be assisted to develop realistic expectations about the transition, and an adequate coaching period should be guaranteed all the more during health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To enhance the practice of a person‐centred palliative approach in long‐term care. Background: Implementing a person‐centred palliative approach in long‐term care entails placing residents at the centre of care planning that attends to the 'whole' person, rather than prioritising biomedical needs. Design: We conducted a four‐stage directed content analysis of long‐term care progress notes to meet our study aims and applied the EQUATOR guidelines for qualitative research publication (COREQ). Methods: We qualitatively analysed 78 resident charts across three long‐term care homes in southern Ontario to capture the extent to which person‐centred care was absent, initiated or implemented in different types of documented care interactions. Results: Most residents had interactions related to daily care activities (65/78, 83%), social concerns (65/78, 83%) and treatment decisions (53/78, 68%). By contrast, interactions around pain and discomfort (34/78, 44%) and spirituality (27/78, 35%) were documented for less than half of the residents. Almost all (92%) residents had at least one progress note where staff initiated person‐centred care by documenting their preference for a certain type of care, but only a third had at least one progress note that suggested their preference was implemented (35%). Conclusions: While person‐centred care is often initiated by nurses and other allied health professionals, changes to care plans to address resident preferences are implemented less often. Nurses and other allied health professionals should be encouraged to elicit care preferences crucial for holistic care planning and equipped with the skills and support to enact collaborative care planning. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Collaborative care planning appears relatively absent in charted progress notes, constraining the full implementation of a person‐centred palliative approach to care. Patient or Public Contribution: An advisory group consisting of long‐term care resident and staff representatives informed the overall study design and dissemination of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To explore behavioural indicators of compassionate nursing care from the perspectives of individuals with multimorbidities and complex needs. Background: Complex patients are individuals with multimorbidity and/or mental health concerns, andoften with medication and drug‐related problems requiring ongoing person‐centered care, mental health interventions, and family and community resources. They are frequent consumers of health‐care services and it is documented that these patients experience discrimination and substandard care. Compassionate care can improve patient care experiences and health outcomes. However, missing is the guidance on how to provide compassionate care for this population from the perspectives of complex patients. Design: A qualitative descriptive approach was conducted in eastern Canada from December 2020–April 2021. The COREQ guidelines were followed for reporting. Methods: Data from in‐person and virtual semi‐structured interviews with 23 individuals having experiences as complex patients were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Among them 19 were homeless and lived in a shelter. Findings Six indicators of compassionate nursing care were generated: sensitivity, awareness, a non‐judgmental approach, a positive demeanour, empathic understanding, and altruism. Conclusions: Individuals perceived that nurses who acknowledge personal biases are better at providing compassionate care by manifesting compassion through their genuine and selfless interest in the complicated health problems and underlying socio‐cultural determinants of each patient. Kindness, positivity, and a respectful nursing approach elicit openness and the sharing of heartfelt concerns. Relevance to clinical practice: Comprehensive health assessment, dedicated efforts to know the patient as a human being, and listening to the patient's preferences can improve health outcomes among individuals with complex needs. Healthcare administrators can effect the change by supporting nurses to address complex health and social care needs with compassion. Patient or public contribution: Patients and healthcare professionals helped in data collection at the community care centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To explore women's emotional responses throughout the process of terminating a pregnancy for medical reasons. Background: Making the choice to terminate a desired pregnancy for medical reasons has a negative impact on women's health, as it is a distressing process that involves making hard decisions and readjusting one's expectations of an idealised pregnancy. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted following the COREQ checklist. Fifteen semi‐structured interviews and two focus groups were conducted with women who had terminated their pregnancies for medical reasons, previous to and during the COVID‐19 lockdown. Subsequently, we analysed the content. Results: One main category, emotional journey during the process of terminating the pregnancy, and six subcategories were identified: (I) representation and desire to become a mother, (II) main concerns, (III) impact of the news, (IV) decision‐making, (V) emotional responses before termination for medical reasons and (VI) emotional responses after termination for medical reasons. All contributed to understanding the specificities of the different phases that make up the emotional journey of terminating a pregnancy for medical reasons. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that there are a number of predominant emotions that professionals need to be aware of in order to help women work through them and lessen the impact of pregnancy termination on their mental health. COVID‐19 had different connotations depending on the women's experiences. Relevance to clinical practice: Our results highlight how important the role of healthcare staff is in caring for these women and their partners, which involves recognising their emotions throughout the process. Our results also underline how useful it is to conduct qualitative studies in this context, since they constitute a set of activities and interventions that result in the administration of nursing care in itself. Patient or Public Contribution: The ultimate goal of the action research study is to design a positive mental health intervention. Participants will contribute to the design and final approval of the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To identify the effectiveness of interventions for improving immigrant women's mental health and explore the role of these interventions in nursing practice. Background: Immigrant women rearing children and living in a foreign country experience many mental health problems during pregnancy, child‐rearing, and acculturation. Mental health problems can be controlled or modified through effective practices. Few studies have examined the role of different types of interventions in alleviating these mental health issues in immigrant women in the perinatal period, and it is unclear whether such interventions are effective. Methods: This systematic review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis checklist. Studies form December 1948–August 2021 were retrieved from four databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. This systematic review's protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020210845). The data were summarised using narrative analysis. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analyses. There were few mental health improvement interventions for immigrant women. The interventions included home visit programmes, asset‐building mental health interventions, cognitive‐behavioural interventions, nursing interventions, perinatal education interventions, and mindfulness interventions. Home visit programmes and asset‐building mental health interventions have reported positive outcomes in improving depressive symptoms and mental health. Conclusions: There are few interventions for improving immigrant women's mental health. Most existing interventions are conducted through group education, but there are no explicit significant effects. Home visits may be an effective approach for conducting interventions to improve immigrant women's mental health. An effective nursing intervention should be developed, and more research is needed in improving immigrant women's mental health. Relevance to clinical practice: This review provides evidence for nurses and midwives to practice appropriate and effective approaches and strategies for improving immigrant women's mental health. We suggest possible future interventions for this cohort of immigrant women in the perinatal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: First, to describe the variation in stakeholders' perceptions related to the desirable mental health services in school environments. Second, to construct alternative future visions based on these perceptions. Finally, to describe stakeholders' perceptions about the actions needed to reach such an ideal state. Background: The increased need for mental health care has challenged the role of schools and school health care in the area of mental health services for those of school‐age. There is a need for future visions and comprehensive statements concerning the mental health services provided in the school environment. Design: The study was undertaken in Finland, between February 2020 and February 2021. Qualitative individual interviews were conducted with 15 professional stakeholders and focus group interviews with 10 stakeholders advocating for adolescents or parents. Method: The study was conducted with the phenomenographic approach using a visioning methodology. The study is reported following the COREQ checklist. Result: Four alternative future visions were formulated based on the perceptions of the stakeholders. They emphasised different aspects: (1) non‐medicalising the school environment, (2) early and extensive intervention by school nurses enabled by work distribution with mental health specialists, (3) a multiprofessional team providing help on overall health questions and (4) a focusing of the services on mental disorders. Necessary changes were identified at the micro‐, mezzo‐ and macro‐level. Conclusion: The future visions are based on opposite perceptions related to the mission and focus of school health care. One extreme emphasises overall health promotion for everyone, while the other accentuates treatment for those suffering from mental disorders. The former may lead to inadequate help for mental health problems and the latter insufficient help for other health problems. Relevance to clinical practice: This study contributes alternative future visions, promotes strategic planning and helps to clarify the future role of school nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: The study aimed to (1) investigate the changes in maternal and paternal depression, along with social support, across the 6‐month postpartum period; (2) explore the relationships between maternal and paternal depression and social support during the 6‐month postpartum period; and (3) compare the differences in postpartum depression and social support between mothers and fathers at 2–3 days, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Background: An increasing body of evidence now shows that postpartum depression affects both mothers and fathers. The notable increase in postpartum depression in China is particularly concerning. Design: A longitudinal study was conducted, guided by the STROBE checklist. Methods: 122 pairs of parents were recruited from September 2020 to October 2021 at a teaching hospital in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected from each parent at 2–3 days, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale. We also acquired socio‐demographic and obstetric data at 2–3 days postpartum. Results: Maternal depression was lowest at 2–3 days postpartum compared with that measured at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Maternal and paternal social support was highest at 2–3 days postpartum compared with that measured at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Maternal depression was significantly correlated with paternal depression while maternal social support was significantly correlated with paternal social support at different time points. Conclusion: Postpartum depression in mothers and social support in both mothers and fathers, showed significant changes during the 6‐month postpartum period. Relevance to clinical practice: Healthcare providers should pay attention to the mental health of both parents, view them as a team and provide both family‐based and women‐cantered interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objections: We aimed to explore the content and language of nursing documentation and gain insight into the internal processes of nurses while notetaking. Background: Documentation is a core competency of mental health nursing, has clinical and ethical importance and is the integral to the efficient and effective care provided to patients. However, issues related to the content and quality of nursing notes continues to be a concern and there remains gaps in our understanding about the internal processes that nurses engage in when writing notes. Design: We used a mixed method design that included a content analysis with note review and interviews. Methods: After watching a video, psychiatric nurses (n = 27) wrote a note and then were interviewed about their note taking process. We used the COREQ guidelines for reporting our data. Results: Participants relied on four main themes when determining what to include in their notes—what happened and what the patient said or did, plus anything different than baseline, and safety concerns. Analyses revealed the presence of bias in the notetaking and participants were not familiar with effective strategies to mitigate these during the documentation process. Lastly, we found that notes are typically consistent in using some of the SOAPE format with notes focused on direct observations and the use of 'facts', while assessment and construction of treatment plans are used to a lesser extent. Conclusions: Our results provide insight into the decision‐making process of nursing staff regarding their documentation practices: overall they appear unaware of the importance of their notes, and believe that capturing the facts about their patients is important, while devaluing their own input and interpretations. Relevance to clinical practice: Our results provide evidence that mental health nurses may need additional training regarding documentation, more specifically about what to include, word choice and bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]