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Rog Joanna, Wróbel-Knybel Paulina. A review of glyphosate application: the health-related effect. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(9):804-815. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3460377 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7504 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.08.2019. Revised: 31.08.2019. Accepted: 22.09.2019. A review of glyphosate application: the health-related effect Joanna Rog, Paulina Wróbel-Knybel Joanna Rog1 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4057-9507 mail: rog.joann@gmail.com; Paulina Wróbel-Knybel1 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4741-5911 mail: polinkawrobel@interia.pl 1 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Poland, Głuska 1 Street, 20-439 Lublin Abstract Introduction and purpose The glyphosate (GLY) is a systemic herbicide and crop desiccant registered for use in more than 130 countries. The herbicide is applied to control more than 160 weeds. Despite the declarations about complete biodegradability of herbicide, is difficult to complete elimination of it. GLY may affect the activity of cytochrome P450, the gut microbiome and metals chelation and thus have an adverse health effect. The evidence suggests a relationship between the use of GLY and numerous chronic diseases. The aim of this paper was to review the available literature that examined the health-related effect of GLY. The state of knowledge Numerous studies have confirmed the adverse effects of GLY on health. GLY injection in high dose initiate processes involved in cancerogenesis. In human studies, the GLY use was related with 41% higher risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. GLY can lead to endocrine changes, including corticosterone levels and steroidogenesis. In pregnant women population, the higher GLY concentrations in urine were related with shorter pregnancy length. GLY could affects gut microbiome and leading to the development of intestinal dysbiosis, gut-brain axis and central nervous system changes. The formulated complexes GLY-minerals may damage nephrons. The nephrotoxic effect of herbicide was confirmed in human studies. Conclusions Most of the studies assessed the short term health-related effect of GLY. Obtained results do not reflect the environmental exposure which lasting many years. There is an urgent need to assess the long term effect of GLY in small doses in high-quality epidemiological studies. Keywords: Glyphosate; Roundup; Cancerogenesis, Microbial community; Endocrine disruption; Gut-brain axis

Piasek Ewa, Padała Olga, Krupa Adrianna, Putowski Maciej, Konopelko Michał. Pulmonary embolism: diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(9):364-367. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402548 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7410 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.08.2019. Revised: 30.08.2019. Accepted: 09.09.2019. Pulmonary embolism: diagnosis and treatment Ewa Piasek, ewa.piasekk@gmail.com, ORCID:0000-0003-3344-4022 I Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20 954, Lublin, Poland Padała Olga, olga.padala@gmail.com ORCID:0000-0003-1469-0877 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland Krupa Adrianna, adriannakrp@gmail.com ORCID:0000-0003-0866-3952 Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4 Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland Maciej Putowski, putowski.maciek@gmail.com ORCID:0000-0002-7575-2456 Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Street, 20- 093 Lublin, Poland Michał Konopelko, mm.konopelko@gmail.com ORCID:0000-0003-4103-7400 Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20 954, Lublin, Poland ABSTRACT Pulmonary embolism is occlusion of one or more pulmonary artery . Deep vein thrombosis is responsible for most cases of PE. Pulmonary embolism is in 50% cases asymptomatic. Risk factors are: surgery, trauma, venous catethers, superficial vein thrombosis,, immobilization, obesity, policythemia vera, infection, cancer, hormonal contraceptives. The aim of this paper is to present available diagnostic tools and treatment method of pulmonary embolism. Nowadays, there are many tools, such as ECG, laboratory markers or imaging technique, which help us in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. They consist of: ECG, laboratory markers and imaging techniques. D-dimer are standard laboratory test in diagnosis of PE. D-dimer has high diagnostic sensivity and is usually used to exlude PE. Ultrasonography is also useful for detection of PE. Ultrasound is non-invasive technique, which can be performed by the bed or during surgery. More advanced techniques of imaging, such as ventilation-perfusion scan or computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CPTA) are also used in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Method of treatment depends on patients state and comorbidities: anticoagulation, thrombolysis, surgical embolectomy and cathether-directed thrombolysis, Pulmonary embolism is often diagnosis of exclusion. Nowadays, with development of imaging techniques and laboratory tests, diagnosis of PE and proper treatment may be implemented quickly. KEY WORDS: deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, treatment

Ślusarz Krystian, Wierzbicki Krzysztof, AdamczykSowa Monika. Shoulder pain as one of the symptoms of syringomyelia. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(9):748-761. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3459512 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7487 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.08.2019. Revised: 31.08.2019. Accepted: 22.09.2019. Shoulder pain as one of the symptoms of syringomyelia Krystian Ślusarz1*, Krzysztof Wierzbicki2, Monika Adamczyk-Sowa2 1Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland 2Department of Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland *E-mail address: slusarzkrystian@gmail.com ABSTRACT Syringomyelia is typically a progressive chronic condition caused by a disruption of normal cerebrospinal fluid flow. Earlier diagnosis is associated with better outcomes, because although the progression of neurological deficits usually stabilizes after intervention, many patients still remain at least partially symptomatic. In this paper, we describe the case of a 33-year-old female patient with syringomyelia. The patient reported to the Department of Neurology due to sensory disorders and shoulder pain for several months. On admission, neurological examination revealed right hand muscular deficit, abolition of sensation of temperature and asymmetry of tendon reflexes. A few weeks earlier, outpatient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine showed the features of Arnold-Chiari malformation, syringomyelia and C5/C6 and C6/C7 discopathy. During hospitalization, MRI of the thoracic spine was performed, and the syringomyelic cavity C2–Th6 was revealed. The patient in stable condition was discharged home and referred to the neurosurgery department. The patient underwent a medial sub-occipital craniectomy and, a month later, was admitted to the neurological rehabilitation department due to paresis and sensory disturbances of right upper limb. As a result of the physiotherapy, the right arm's motor function and general physical condition improved. Keywords: syringomyelia, Arnold-Chiari malformation &nbsp

Kujawska Agnieszka, Gajos Małgorzata, Topka Weronika, Szmelcer Beniamin, Bieniek Daria, Modlińska Aleksandra, Kożuchowski Marcin, Perkowski Radosław, Androsiuk-Perkowska Joanna, Ziółkowska Sylwia. The influence of non-pharmacological methods in osteoporosis treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(9):130-138. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3386710 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7375 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.08.2019. Revised: 15.08.2019. Accepted: 05.09.2019. The influence of non-pharmacological methods in osteoporosis treatment Agnieszka Kujawska1,2, Małgorzata Gajos2, Weronika Topka2, Beniamin Szmelcer2, Daria Bieniek2,3, Aleksandra Modlińska2, Marcin Kożuchowski4, Radosław Perkowski2, Joanna Androsiuk-Perkowska2, Sylwia Ziółkowska5 1. Department of Physiology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland 2. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland 3. Nicolaus Copernicus Specialist City Hospital in Toruń, 17/19 Batorego Street, 87100 Toruń, Poland 4. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Division of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland 5. Department of Pathophysiology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Abstract Introduction Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder which results from an imbalance in bone remodeling. The disease can occur because of failure to achieve peak bone mass and/or excessive bone resorption and/or decreased bone formation during remodelling. Multiple pathogenetic and regulatory mechanisms are responsible for these changes. In the above review, selected non-pharmacological therapies in osteoporosis are described. Material and methods Articles in the EBSCO database have been analyzed using keywords: osteoporosis, osteopenia, treatment. The available literature is subjectively selected. Then, the newest version of every paper was searched for. Results Results of researches on osteoporosis pathomechanism, quality of life in patients, comorbidities, non-pharmacological methods for treatment of osteoporosis, the impact of physical exercise, role of diet as adjunctive therapy in osteoporosis were described. Conclusions Osteoporosis and treatment influence on the patient's functioning and subjective assessment of the quality of life. Medical doctors need to take into account high occurrence of multimorbidity in adults with osteoporosis to be able to propose comprehensive treatment. The treatment of the affected patients should be improved to offer early or even preventive care for other diseases that coexist with osteoporosis. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as diet, seem to be effective in osteoporosis. Effects of physical exercise could be beneficial in osteoporosis patients, however further studies are needed to determine specifics of the most effective program. Key words: osteoporosis; diet; physical exercise; resistance training

CięszczykIlona. Media Image of Former Olympian. Renata Mauer-Różańska Case Study. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(8):153-178. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3371647 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7268 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.07.2019. Revised: 25.07.2019. Accepted: 19.08.2019. Media Image of Former Olympian. Renata Mauer-Różańska Case Study Ilona Cięszczyk University School of Physical Education in Wrocław ilona.cieszczyk@awf.wroc.pl orcid.org/0000-0001-9068-3455 Abstract This paper tackles the issue of image, with an emphasis on personal image (personal PR). Image was selected as the focal point of this article as, according to the author, it is an indispensable element of media life and functioning in the society. There are numerous definitions of image in both Polish and foreign literature. In his or her definition, each author attempts to incorporate the aspects most important to the world of business and its actors. This paper is centered on distinguishing between such concepts as image, reputation and identity, as well as portrays the evolution of image in time and growing social awareness of the notion, and presents the methodology of building image. This study aims to determine the image of Renata Małgorzata Mauer-Różańsk as it is presented in the national press. The articles referencing the former Olympian analyzed herein were sourced from three nationwide dailies: Fakt, Gazeta Wyborcza and Super Express. The entire material collected and analyses allow to conclude that Renata Małgorzata Mauer-Różańska has a moderately positive image. On the one hand, she is viewed as an authority figure and a walking icon and, on the other, as a person who is withdrawn, afraid to step out of her comfort zone and avoids social media, as well as industry events. Keywords: image, reputation, identity, Renata Mauer-Różańska, Olympic Games, press, Fakt, Super Express, Gazeta Wyborcza.

Pacholec Agata. Anti-decubitus prophylaxis in nursing practice. Prophylaxis and care. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(8):429-435. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3379066 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7333 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.08.2019. Revised: 15.08.2019. Accepted: 27.08.2019. Anti-decubitus prophylaxis in nursing practice Agata Pacholec¹ Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland Corresponding author: agatapacholec98@gmail.com ABSTRACT Long-standing patients are at risk of developing and developing bedsores, and this problem has a significant impact on their physical and mental state. As a result of pressure and friction on tissues, necrosis develops. Bedsores are often the result of inadequate patient care and coexisting diseases. Nursing care does not always prevent the formation of bedsores, but it can significantly affect the degree of their development. In the process of taking care of an immobilized person we should apply the risk assessment of the occurrence of bedsores and on its basis adjust the prevention of bedsores (change of position, use of an anti-decubitus mattress or careful care of the skin). The most common places for the development of decubitus ulcers are the areas of bone elevation exposed to friction and pressure. The aim of this study is to show the importance of appropriate prevention, care and treatment in the care of a patient who has been lying down for a long time. The paper is based mainly on a review of articles in reputable journals from the last few years. Key words: decubitus ulcers, anti-decubitus ulcer prophylaxis, nursing

Szypłowska Małgorzata, Kuś Adrian, Gładysz Konrad, Neścior Małgorzata, Szpiech Kamil. Beneficial health effects of treatment with flotation-REST on anxiety, muscle tension pain, depression and sleep quality. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(8):829-834. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3370424 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7249 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.07.2019. Revised: 25.07.2019. Accepted: 18.08.2019. Beneficial health effects of treatment with flotation-REST on anxiety, muscle tension pain, depression and sleep quality Małgorzata Szypłowska1, Adrian Kuś1, Konrad Gładysz1, Małgorzata Neścior1, KamilSzpiech1 1 Student Research Circle at the Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, MedicalUniversity of Lublin Supervisor: PhD Halina Piecewicz-Szczęsna2 2 Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin Corresponding author: malgorzata.nescior@gmail.com Abstract Restricted environmental stimulation therapy (REST) is a method where all the external stimuli are restricted and it is used to relieve stress, anxiety and depression, as well as improving sleep quality. During a session of flotation-REST a patient is lying face-up in a tank filled with high-buoyancy water, allowing the patient to float comfortably on the surface. The tank reduces the external stimulation and allows to achieve a state of deep relaxation. It has many potential health benefits, including reduction of stress, anxiety and depression. A few studies suggested its positive effects on sleep quality too. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate potential positive health effects of flotation-REST.Flotation-REST treatment decreased the degree of stress, anxiety or depression, whereas the patients' optimism and sleep quality were significantly increased. The results also indicate that the most severe perceived pain intensity was significantly reduced, however low perceived pain intensity was not influenced by the floating technique. It was concluded that flotation-REST has beneficial effects on decreasing stress, anxiety, depression and pain, therefore the method has potential as a complementary treatment of these. However, more studies are warranted to further evaluate the treatments efficacy. Keywords: flotation tank, flotation, flotation-REST, REST, relaxation, stress, anxiety, pain, health

Myrtaj Nazim, Shkodra Mimoza. The impact of physical activities of aerobic type in body mass and volume parameters. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(9):50-57. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3373892 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7311 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.08.2019. Revised: 15.08.2019. Accepted: 20.08.2019. The impact of physical activities of aerobic type in body mass and volume parameters Nazim Myrtaj1, Mimoza Shkodra1 1Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports, AAB College, Pristina, Kosovo Correspondence to: Mimoza Shkodra, PhD, Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports, AAB College, E-mail: mimoza.shkodra@aab-edu.net Nazim Myrtaj, PhD, Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports, AAB College, E-mail: nazim.myrtaj@aab-edu.net Abstract The aim of the paper was to prove the impact of aerobically programmed physical activities on body mass and volume and reducing the ratio of fatty and non-fatty mass to 30-40-year-old females. For this purpose, the research has included a sample of 30 females who have undergone a three months program with 3 training sessions per week. Eight anthropometric variables were applied for the processing of results and the confirmation of the difference between the initial and the final state, it has been applied the t-test for dependent groups within the SPSS statistics 21.0 program. The training program with aerobic exercises applied to this group of women shows that aerobic exercises influence positively weight reduction and passive body mass and so, it should be part of fitness exercises in order to improve the health condition. Keywords: Physical activity, body mass, tested, t-test.

Modrzejewska Elżbieta, Torbé Dorota, Torbé Andrzej. The evolution of maternal birthing positions. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(8):807-810. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3408045 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7184 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.07.2019. Revised: 25.07.2019. Accepted: 18.08.2019. The evolution of maternal birthing positions Elżbieta Modrzejewska1, Dorota Torbé2, Andrzej Torbé3 1Clinical Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin 2Doctoral Studium of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland 3Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Av. 72, 70-111 Szczecin Poland Corresponding author: Prof. dr hab. n. med. Andrzej Torbé Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 70-354 Szczecin Abstract Birth of a child is an unique time in the life of every woman. Unfortunately, labor is often one of the most painful and traumatic experiences suffered in her life. For a long time lying on the back position was the most commonly used birthing position. In many hospitals, women were even forced to give birth in this position. However, multiple studies revealed that the supine position is linked to multiple negative maternal and neonatal outcomes. The purpose of this paper was to describe the history and advantages of alternative birthing positions. Key words: birthing positions, history

Wójtowicz Agnieszka, Ściślak Robert, Widłak Karolina, Nurzyńska-Flak Joanna. A big Wilms tumor in a 14-months-old boy. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(4):557-562. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2652667 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6866 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.04.2019. Revised: 25.04.2019. Accepted: 26.04.2019. A big Wilms tumor in a 14-months-old boy Agnieszka Wójtowicz1a, Robert Ściślak1b, Karolina Widłak1c, Joanna Nurzyńska-Flak2d Students’ Scientific Association at the Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin agnieszkawojtowicz.aw2@gmail.com, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-1325 robert.scislak@gmail.com, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-0576 karo.widlak@gmail.com, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4850-5716 asianurz@o2.pl, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6948-3432 Abstract Introduction. Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) is a malignant neoplasm located in a kidney. It is typical for children and it occurs almost exclusively in a childhood. Purpose of work, material and methods. The aim of the study is presentation of symptoms, diagnostics and treatment of the massive Wilms tumor in a 14-months-old child. Results. In the paper it was presented the case of 14-months-old boy with the Wilms tumor. The patient did not present typical symptoms of a nephroblastoma, except from a perceptible tumor in a abdomen. US and CT scan confirmed a preliminary diagnosis of the neoplasm. After US, a parasitic cyst was taken into account in a differential diagnostics. Despite a growth the tumor after a pre-operative chemotherapy and a radical nephrectomy was successful. A complete remission was achieved. Discussion. The age of the boy was standard for Wilms tumor. The patient presented the main symptom for nephroblastoma – a large, painless abdominal mass, but without other symptoms (haematuria, malaise and hypertension). A protocol involves a primary treatment with chemotherapy, next surgical resection and later post-operative chemotherapy. The prognosis and survival rate of Wilms tumor depends on pathologic pattern. Relapses are rare in nephroblastoma. Conclusion. The case was not typical form of the Wilms tumor. Doctors should take it into account while diagnosing other illnesses with similar symptoms. Key words: Wilms tumor; nephroblastoma; child; treatment.

Piepiora Paweł, Migasiewicz Juliusz, Napieraj Dominika. Personality profile of athletes practising endurance disciplines. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(4):394-402. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2641206 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6831 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/911203 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 28.03.2019. Revised: 30.03.2019. Accepted: 15.04.2019. Personality profile of athletes practising endurance disciplines Paweł Piepiora*, Juliusz Migasiewicz, Dominika Napieraj *Corresponding author: Paweł Piepiora, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Chair of Sport Didactics, Combat Sports Team, I. J. Paderewskiego 35 street, Multifunctional Sports Hall room 73, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland, phone: +48605 39 54 32, e-mail: pawel.piepiora@awf.wroc.pl Conflict of interest statement: the authors declare that there is no conflict of interest Affiliation: University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Chair of Sport Didactics Abstract This paper concerns issues in the field of sport psychology. The purpose of the study was to determine the personality profile of athletes practising endurance disciplines – an individual one and a team one. The five-factor NEO-FFI personality inventory was used. The study involved senior-age men (N=60) engaged in the competitive practice of long-distance running (n=30) and football (n=30). It was demonstrated that long-distance runners are characterised by an average level of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience and agreeableness and a high level of conscientiousness, while football players are different from the former, to a statistically significant degree, with regard to neuroticism and extraversion (higher in football players) and conscientiousness (higher in runners). The personality profile of long-distance runners differs from that of football players. The biggest discrepancies were revealed on the conscientiousness scale. A significant impact of the sport discipline practised on the personality profile of athletes was confirmed. Key words: sport psychology, personality profile, endurance disciplines, long-distance running, football

Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz Ukranian Scientific Research Institute of Transport Medicine in Odesa Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Matej Bel University in Banska Bystrica University in Debrecen National University Physical Education and Sport in Kijev National Physical Culture University in Lviv Radom University in Radom ISSN 2391-8306 Formerly ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X Journal of Education, Health and Sport formerly Journal of Health Sciences http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/index formerly www.journal.rsw.edu.pl https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/search?search&searchCategory=WORK&filter.inJournal=49068 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/search?search&searchCategory=WORK&filter.inJournal=36616 http://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=37467 Open Access From 2011 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). Indexed in Index Copernicus Journals Master List. ICV 2017 = 91,30; ICV 2016 = 84,69; ICV 2015: = 93.34 IC Value 2014: 89.51 Standardized Value: 8.27 http://jml2012.indexcopernicus.com/Journal+of+Education+Health+and+Sport,p24782242,3.html Universal Impact Factor 1.78 for year 2012. (http://www.uifactor.org/AppliedJournals.aspx) Indexed in Polish Scholarly Bibliography (PBN) (PBN Polska Bibliografia Naukowa) (https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/journals/36616) is a portal of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, collecting information on publications of Polish scientists and on Polish and foreign scholarly journals. Polish Scholarly Bibliograhpy is a part of POL-on - System of Information on Higher Education. It is operated by the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw. Indexed in Russian Sciences Index Российский индекс научного цитирования (РИНЦ) http://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=37467 Indexed in Arianta Polish scientific and professional electronic journals Aneta Drabek i Arkadiusz Pulikowski http://www.arianta.pl Scientific Editorial Board prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Zygmunt Babiński, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-0735 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602797069 prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Jan Falkowski, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6921-6342 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7003994098 prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Mikhail Grodzynskyi, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6461-6531 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6504619317 prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Oleksandr Obodovskyi, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5475-3222 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57191194234 prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Anatolii Melnik, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4152-9539 SCOPUS Author ID: prof. zw. dr hab. med. Anatolii Gozhenko, Ukrainian Research Institute for Medicine of Transport, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Odesa, Ukraine, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-4173 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7003312894 dr hab. med. Olena Gozhenko, Ukrainian Research Institute for Medicine of Transport, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Odesa, Ukraine, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4743-6931 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6507740608 prof. zw. dr hab. Igor Grygus, Department Human Health & Physiotherapy, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2856-8514 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57202023065 prof. zw. dr hab. med. Wojciech Hagner, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2070-2654 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6603051253 Web of Science Reseacher ID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/F-4173-2014 dr hab. n. o zdr. M. Hagner-Derengowska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-7624 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=24076007000 Web of Science Reseacher ID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/J-4465-2014 prof. zw. dr hab. med. Dorota Karwat, Medical Faculty, Medical University, Lublin, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-6052 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=8972943500 dr med. Emilia Mikolajewska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4191-8307 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=36925548600 prof. zw. dr hab. med. Leonid Shafran, Ukrainian Research Institute for Medicine of Transport, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Odesa, Ukraine, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-4266 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7004083058 prof. zw. dr hab. Serhii Iermakov, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Kharkov National Pedagogical University, Ukraine ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-4517 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57131412000 Web of Science Reseacher ID:RCID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/I-1267-2014 Professor, Ph.D., Lochbaum Marc Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7640-7075 SCOPUS Author ID: ScopusAuthorIDhttps://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602281694 Web of Science Reseacher ID: ResearcherIDhttp://www.researcherid.com/rid/H-8914-2017 prof. PaedDr. Pavol Bartik, Faculty of Phylosophy, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Matej Bel Univesity, Slovakia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-4173 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=55199042400 doc. PaedDr. Elena Bendíková, Faculty of Phylosophy, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Matej Bel University, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-0190 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56818951000 dr hab. Krzysztof Buśko, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6456-3502 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56067031300 prof. PaedDr. Vlastimila Karaskova, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University, Olomouc, Chech Republic, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7740-9942 SCOPUS Author ID: dr hab. Radosław Muszkieta, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-1583 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=41361652900 dr hab. Marek Napierała, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7534-675X SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57197789318 dr hab. Krzytsztof Prusik, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Academy of Physical Education, Gdansk, Poland, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7534-675X SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57191243894 dr hab. Mariusz Zasada, Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3941-7455 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=23013127200 dr hab. Walery Zukow, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-6117 SCOPUS Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=37066777800 Web of Science Reseacher ID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-6668-2013 dr Daves Sinch, India University, Delhi, Republic of India, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9570-2499 SCOPUS Author ID: Editorial Advisory Board Stefan Adamcak (Slovakia), Pavol Bartik (Slovakia), Elena Bendikova (Czech Republic), Janusz Bielski (Poland), Krzysztof Buśko (Poland), Mirosława Cieślicka (Poland), Jerzy Eksterowicz (Poland), Włodzimierz Erdmann (Poland), Tomasz Frołowicz (Poland), Attila Gilanyi (Hungary), Igor Grygus (Ukraine), Halina Guła-Kubiszewska (Poland), Rafał Gotowski (Poland), Paweł Izdebski (Poland), Sergii Iermakov (Ukraine), Tetyana Iermakova (Ukraine), Jana Jurikova (Czech Republic), Vlastimila Karaskova (Czech Republic), Jacek Klawe (Poland), Mariusz Klimczyk (Poland), Alicja Kostencka (Poland), Frantisek Langer (Czech Republic), Eligiusz Madejski (Poland), Jiri Michal (Slovakia), Ludmila Miklankova (Czech Republic), Emila Mikołajewska (Poland), Viktor Mishchenko (Ukraine), Stanisław Mocek (Poland), Mirosław Mrozkowiak (Poland), Radosław Muszkieta (Poland), Anna Nalazek (Poland), Marek Napierała (Poland), Jerzy Nowocień (Poland), Piotr Oleśniewicz (Poland), Władysław Pańczyk (Poland), Wiesława Pilewska (Poland), Miroslava Pridalova (Czech Republic), Krzysztof Prusik (Poland), Krzysztof Sas-Nowosielski (Poland), Aleksandr Skaliy (Ukraine), Tetyana Skaliy (Ukraine), Ewa Sokołowska (Poland), Błażej Stankiewicz (Poland), Robert Stępniak (Poland), Aleksander Stuła (Poland), Naoki Suzuki (Japan), Mirosława Szark-Eckardt (Poland), Maciej Świątkowski (Poland), Hrychoriy Tereschuk (Ukraine), Hryhoriy Vasjanovicz (Ukraine), Mariusz Zasada (Poland), Tetyana Zavhorodnya (Ukraine), Walery Żukow (Poland), Hanna Żukowska (Poland), Zygmunt Babiński (Poland), Yuriy Briskin (Ukraine), Laszló Csernoch (Hungary), Kazimierz Denek (Poland), Miroslav Dutchak (Ukraine), Karol Gorner (Slovakia), Kazimierz Kochanowicz (Poland), Jerzy Kosiewicz (Poland), Stanisław Kowalik (Poland), Tadeusz Maszczak (Poland), Mikolaj Nosko (Ukraine), Jerzy Pośpiech (Poland), Eugeniusz Prystupa (Ukraine), Robert Szeklicki (Poland), Jitka Ulrichova (Czech Republic). Reviewers: prof. zw. dr hab. geo. Z. Babiński (Poland), doc. PaedDr. Elena Bendíková, PhD. (Slovakia), prof. zw. dr hab. med. T. Chumachenko (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. techn. R. Cichon (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. N. Dragomiretskaya (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Ezhov (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. J. Falkowski (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. A. Gozhenko (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. M. Grodzynskyi (Ukraine), prof. zw. I. Grygus (Ukraine), prof. zw. A. Gudyma (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. S. Gulyar (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. W. Hagner (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Karwat (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. med. M. Kyryliuk (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. Y. Limansky (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. A. Melnik (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Mizin (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. B. Nasibullin (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. O. Obodovskyi (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. L. Shafran (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. I. Shmakova (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. O. Sokolov (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. med. V. Stebliuk (Ukraine), prof. zw. dr hab. S. Yermakov, (Ukraine), prof. dr hab. med. A. Avramenko, prof. dr hab. K. Buśko (Poland), dr hab. med. E. Gozhenko (Ukraine), prof. dr hab. H. Knapik (Poland), prof. zw. dr hab. geo. A. Melnik (Ukraine), prof. dr hab. R. Muszkieta (Poland), prof. dr hab. med. W. Myśliński (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Napierała (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Pastuszko (Poland), prof. dr hab. K. Prusik (Poland), prof. dr hab. M. Zasada (Poland), prof. dr hab. med. W. Zukow (Poland), dr I. M. Batyk (Poland), dr med. L. Butskaia (Ukraine), doc. dr n. med. V. Cherno (Ukraine), dr M. Cieślicka (Poland), dr med. I. Czerwinska Pawluk (Poland), dr biol. S. Dolomatov (Ukraine), dr R. Gotowski (Poland), dr A. Kostencka (Poland), dr med. N. Novikov (Ukraine), dr M. Podhorecka (Poland), dr med. A. Radziminska (Poland), doc. dr A. Skaliy (Ukraine), dr T. Skaliy (Ukraine), dr B. Stankiewicz (Poland), dr med. E. Trela (Poland) E d i t o r s - i n - C h i e f Anatoliy Gozhenko Marek Napierała Walery Zukow C o - e d i t o rs A s s o c i a t e E d i t o r s Iwona Czerwinska Pawluk Rafał Gotowski Mariusz Klimczyk Mirosława Cieślicka Adam Szulc S e c r e t a r y Bartłomiej Niespodziński © The Author(s) 2011 - 2019. This articles is published with Open Access at Journal of Education, Health and Sport formerly Journal of Health Sciences of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access This articles is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Attribution — You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). 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Rudnicka–Drożak Ewa, Jankowski Krzysztof, Jankowska Paula, Majcher Monika, Jankowska Agnieszka. Evaluation of selected health seeking behaviours and prevention of osteoporosis in perimenopausal women. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(3):364-369. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2598870 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6709 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/908115 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.02.2019. Revised: 15.02.2019. Accepted: 20.03.2019. Evaluation of selected health seeking behaviours and prevention of osteoporosis in perimenopausal women. Ewa Rudnicka – Drożak1, Krzysztof Jankowski1, Paula Jankowska1, Monika Majcher1, Agnieszka Jankowska1 1. Chair and Department of Family Medicine Medical University of Lublin Key words: Osteoporosis, Menopause, Health Behavior ABSTRACT Introduction ‘Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease, a condition characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk’. It is a contemporary, currently recognized definition of osteoporosis formed by the research group of World Health Organization. It is estimated that due to increased life expectancy, the number of fractures may rise three times within 60 years, principally given the lack of appropriate strategies of osteoporosis prevention. Objective The aim of the paper was to evaluate selected health-seeking behaviours as well as the knowledge of osteoporosis prevention rules in perimenopausal women. Material and methods The research method was a self-made survey questionnaire. The population under the survey involved 450 female patients aged 40-65 selected at random. Results Survey results indicate insufficient knowledge and health-seeking behaviours among the respondents. What is also striking is the fact of underestimating the relationship between the use of stimulants (cigarettes, coffee, alcohol) and osteoporosis, not enough physical activity of the subjects as well as the lack of systematic gynecological control concerned with hormonal balance disorders (characteristic for the perimenopausal period). Conclusions Insufficient knowledge of prevention and proper health-seeking behaviours contribute to the increase in the incidence of osteoporosis.

Mikołajewski Dariusz, Mikołajewska Emilia. Long-lasting stress, burnout syndrome, aging, and risk of Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(3):370-374. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/zenodo.2598872 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6710 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.02.2019. Revised: 15.02.2019. Accepted: 20.03.2019. Long-lasting stress, burnout syndrome, aging, and risk of Alzheimer's Disease Dariusz Mikołajewski1,2,3, Emilia Mikołajewska4 1 Department of Teleinformatics, Institute of Mechanics and Applied Computer Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland 2 Neurocognitive Laboratory, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland 3 Department of Neurophysiology and Psychiatry, Medical University in Lublin, Poland 4 Department of Physiotherapy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland Corresponding author: Dariusz Mikołajewski PhD Eng. Department of Teleinformatics Institute of Mechanics and Applied Computer Sciences Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland e-mail: darek.mikolajewski@wp.pl dmikolaj@ukw.edu.pl phone: +48725-88-99-09 Conflict of interests: None declared. Financial disclosure: None declared. Abstract Burnout is defined as an excessive stress reaction to environment characterized by emotional and physical exhaustion, coupled with a sense of frustration and failure. Work-related stress, especially low job control and low social support, may increase the risk of dementia, especially AD. Aim of the paper is a better understanding of the complex nature of th long-lasting stress and professional burnout to early symptoms of the AD onset. Identification of mechanisms underying of such associations may help to develop more effective therapeutic strategies better tailored to patient’s profile. Despite efforts of scientists and clinicians objective diagnostic criteria and influence of burnout syndrome to AD remain ambiguous, making it difficult to recognize transition to early stage of AD. Additional longitudinal research is needed for determining what mediates the stress, burnout, and AD association, including both genders and not yet known risk factors. Keywords: burnout syndrome, elderly people, compensation, mental disorders, occupational diseases, prevention.

Czykieta Izabela, Maj Agnieszka, Juzwiszyn Jan Maciej, Czopor Barbara. The quality of life of patients with damage to knee joint cartilage. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(2):199-211. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2561558 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6578 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/903592 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 30.01.2019. Revised: 30.01.2019. Accepted: 11.02.2019. The quality of life of patients with damage to knee joint cartilage Izabela Czykieta4, Agnieszka Maj1, Jan Maciej Juzwiszyn3, Barbara Czopor2 SKN Pielęgniarstwa Internistycznego Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Internistycznego Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu Zakład Specjalności Zabiegowych Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu Klinka Chorób Wewnętrznych, Zawodowych I Nadciśnienia Tętniczego Uniwersytecki Szpital Kliniczny im. Jana Mikulicza- Radeckiego we Wrocławiu Academic supervisor: Dr Jan Maciej Juzwiszyn Agnieszka Maj: agnieszkamaj90@gmail.com Summary Introduction. For many years, osteoarthritis (OA) had been considered a natural consequence of aging. According to statistics, it should be assumed that several million people affected by osteoarthritis live in Poland. The aim of the paper was to study the quality of life and the acceptance of the disease in patients with damage to knee joint cartilage. Material and methods. The study was conducted from January to December 2017 in the group of 100 people who were treated in the Clinical Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology of Locomotor System of Wroclaw Medical University. The research was conducted anonymously using the standard questionnaires WHOQoL-BREF. The inclusion criterium was a diagnosed injury to knee joint. Results. The mean evaluation of the quality of life carried out by the patients is 3.56 point (SD=0.9), which means that they assess their quality of life between good and average (not good, nor bad). The mean evaluation of the health status carried out by the patients equals 2.8 point (SD=1.1), which means that they assess their health status between unsatisfying and average (not satisfying, nor unsatisfying). Conclusions. The decreased perception of the quality of life in psychological and social domains was observed in relation to patients’ decision to undergo surgical treatment. These correlations are negative which means that the higher the pain intensity, the lower the quality of live in the above domains. Key words: chondromalacia, cartilage, the quality of life.

Olesiak Beata, Przedborska Agnieszka, Raczkowski Jan. Influence of ultrasound therapy on volume of the synovial fluid in knee joint arthrosis (gonarthrosis)-initial reports. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(2):413-420. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2579444 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6631 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 30.01.2019. Revised: 30.01.2019. Accepted: 28.02.2019. Influence of ultrasound therapy on volume of the synovial fluid in knee joint arthrosis (gonarthrosis)-initial reports Beata Olesiak¹, Agnieszka Przedborska² Jan W. Raczkowski² ¹College of Education and Therapy in Szczecin ²The Orthopedic Rehabilitation and Post-traumatic Unit of the Medical University in Łódź The correspondence address: Beata Olesiak beataolesiak11@gmail.com SUMMARY Aim of the paper: Aim of the study was impact assessment of the ultrasonic wave on production of synovial fluid in suprapatellar pouch, pain symptoms, and knee movement range. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 23 patients that were diagnoses with excess of synovial fluid in suprapatellar pouch. The measurement of the fluid volume was made using ultrasound examination. Volume of the fluid < 4 mm is considered as positive result of the study. The data was collected with usage of a self-made study protocol. In assessment of pain symptom, the VAS scale was used. Results: Statistically significant reduction of the synovial fluid volume in suprapatellar pouch (p Conclusions: Formed during the therapy, endogenous heat reduces the volume of synovial fluid in suprapatellar pouch. The result of the thermal therapy increases joint movement and decreases pain symptoms. Keywords: ultrasound therapy, knee joint, suprapatellar pouch, arthrosis (gonarthrosis).

Tomaszewska Katarzyna, Światlak Judyta, Kłos Alicja, Przybyszewska Kinga. The impact of functional efficiency of ZOL patients on the workload of nurses. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(1):150-157. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2544151 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6472 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 03.01.2019. Revised: 11.01.2019. Accepted: 19.01.2019. The impact of functional efficiency of ZOL patients on the workload of nurses 1Katarzyna Tomaszewska, 2Judyta Światlak, 1Alicja Kłos, 3Kinga Przybyszewska 1Bronisław Markiewicz State Higher School of Technology and Economics in Jarosław 2Non-public Health Care Facility KOLGMED in Jarosław Graduate of Collegium Masoviense – Higher School of Health Sciences in Żyrardów 3The State Higher Vocational School in Konin Abstract The specificity of long-term care facilities is to take care of people who are unable to take care of their own existence for health reasons. Most often they are elderly people, with a significantly limited ability to function independently in terms of satisfying basic life needs, unable to self-care. The work of nursing staff is one of the most difficult ones with a high level of responsibility, which often requires constant and full availability, coping with ethical dilemmas and imperfections of work organization. An indispensable element of the work of nursing staff is a significant workload, often associated with functioning among the sick and suffering people. An elementary assessment of functional efficiency is a significant, though simplified diagnostic process for the patient. In Care and Treatment Facilities (ZOL), it is the basis for determining the patient's condition and its deficit of independence in everyday life. Purpose of research The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the level of functional efficiency of Care and Treatment Facilities on the workload of the nurse. Material and methods The research was conducted among 92 nurses employed in the Care and Treatment Facilities (ZOL) of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship from September to November 2017. The questionnaire used in this paper was a survey, which contained 30 single and multiple-choice questions. The next stage of the study was the analysis and comparison on the Barthel scale of patients of ZOL, which were examined in this work. The research was done according to the Barthel scale. What is more, it covered 206 residents of Care and Treatment Facilities in the Podkarpackie region. For the purpose of this work, the following tests were used for questions on nominal scales to verify hypotheses: V Kramer (2x3, 4x5 tables etc.), Phi (2x2 tables) and Tb- or Tc-Kendall. During the statistical analysis of the collected material, p Results and conclusions The assessment of the impact of the functional efficiency level of ZOL patients on nurse work is not as important as the number of medical personnel. Measurement of workload and determination of staff have a direct impact on the conditions and quality of nurses' work. The main causes of iatrogenic errors in ZOL are rush and fatigue (71%), which result from too many patients per nurse. Adjustment of human resources should be adequate to the needs of patients. Nurses due to everyday contact with lying patients are exposed to uncomfortable body position, which causes increased spine pain and joint pain (80.4%). Noteworthy is the fact that a small number of nurses use modern techniques to facilitate transport and raising patients. Keywords: functional efficiency, patient, nurse, Care and Treatment Facility

Demianiuk Viktor, Pelekh Yurii. Experimental verification of the development of college students’ value professional orientation. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(1):495-518. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3408687 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7461 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.12.2018. Revised: 20.12.2018. Accepted: 17.01.2019. EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLLEGE STUDENTS’ VALUE PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION Viktor Demianiuk Rivne Economics and Technology College of National University of Water and Environmental Engineering E-mail: vic.demianuk@gmail.com Yurii Pelekh Rivne State Humanitarian University Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa E-mail: yuriipelekh@gmail.com Abstract The purpose of the paper is to reveal the peculiarities of the formation of value professional orientation of college students in specialty “Accountant”. The study was conducted to confirm the authors’ concept intended to facilitate a more effective assimilation of the system of human and professional values by accountant students from the experimental group. Based on this concept, the students from the experimental group were supposed to demonstrate better learning results than students in the regular group. For this purpose, the authors’ courses "Philosophical and Historical Context for the Development of Axiology" and a special course "Ethics Code for Professional Accountants" were used to distinguish the training program. By applying the authors’ methodology, special pedagogical conditions and models, we succeeded in raising the level of value professional orientation of future accountants and in achieving better learning results. The scientific approach, which is based on the comparison of techniques for the development of students' value sphere to enhance the educational attainment of college students, had not previously been applied. Key words: student; college; value professional orientation; methodology; educational process.

Rycyk Anna, Kasztelan-Szczerbinska Beata, Cichoz-Lach Halina. Netosis as a bridge between inflammation and liver cell injury. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(1):234-240. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2550534 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6527 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/900376 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 03.01.2019. Revised: 11.01.2019. Accepted: 27.01.2019. Review paper Netosis as a bridge between inflammation and liver cell injury Anna Rycyk, Beata Kasztelan-Szczerbinska, Halina Cichoz-Lach Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University, Lublin Authors information and address for correspondence: Anna Rycyk MD, ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5625-0330 , Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University, Lublin, e-mail: aniarycyk@op.pl Beata Kasztelan- Szczerbińska PhD, Assistant Professor, ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7198-4428 , Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University, Lublin, e-mail: beata.szczerbinska@op.pl Halina Cichoz-Lach Professor, ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-835X , Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University, Lublin, e-mail: halinacichozlach@umlub.pl Key words: netosis, alcohol liver disease (ALD), neutrophils, neutrophil netosis, NET Abstract One of programmed cell death types, netosis, discovered in ’96, was first described by Zychlinsky et al. and has gained elevating popularity among many researchers. It is a process occurring in order to catch pathogens into a trap and kill them. This trap is a scaffold somewhat consisting of chromatin and particles with antimicrobial properties such as histones. Extracellular histones are capable of proinflammatory cytokines production and platelets aggregation what accounts for inflammatory response. Unfortunately, these proteins have also a toxic potential which leads to cell injury through Toll like receptors presented by neutrophils. Mentioned neutrophils participate in an oxidative burst which yields to production reactive oxygen species performing a crucial role in the development of hepatocytes injury. Thus, alcohol abuse appears to result in a rapid development of liver cell injury through progression of inflammation induced by netosis. However, controlled NETs forming can be a future therapeutic option. &nbsp

Maziarz Agata, Ogonowski Jarosław, Szylińska Aleksandra, Wiatrak Adrian, Turoń-Skrzypińska Agnieszka, Rotter Iwona. An assessment of the impact of physical activity undertaken by patients with gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal birth weight. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(12):169-183. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2064733 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6358 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/890559 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 18.11.2018. Revised: 25.11.2018. Accepted: 08.12.2018. An assessment of the impact of physical activity undertaken by patients with gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal birth weight Agata Maziarz1, Jarosław Ogonowski2, Aleksandra Szylińska1, Adrian Wiatrak1, Agnieszka Turoń-Skrzypińska1, Iwona Rotter1 1. Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland 2. Autonomous Laboratory for Diseases of Civilization and Obesity Treatment, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland Abstract Background Recent years have seen a growing interest in the physical activity of pregnant patients and its effects on obstetric outcomes. Apart from its positive influence on healthy pregnant patients, moderate physical effort also plays an important role in therapeutic procedures in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of this paper was to assess the link between daily physical activity of patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and neonatal birth weight. Material, patients and methods- The study group included 100 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) between 26 and 32 weeks’ gestation. Their physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) and a pedometer. Results No significant correlation between neonatal birth weight and the parameters describing the type and intensity of physical activity was shown. Neonatal birth weight correlated positively with pregravid BMI of the pregnant patient. A negative correlation was identified between gestational weight gain and pregravid BMI. Conclusion There was no relationship between daily physical activity during pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus and neonatal birth weight. Maternal pregravid weight was found to be an important parameter affecting the infant’s weight. Key words: birth weight, physical activity, gestational diabetes mellitus

Cwalina Izabela, Komarowska Marta, Dargiewicz Ewelina, Hermanowicz Adam. The study of leptin concentration in saliva during orthodontic treatment, periodontal diseases and wound healing in the oral mucosa-review. Review article. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(12):743-750. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529172 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6433 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.11.2018. Revised: 20.12.2018. Accepted: 31.12.2018. The study of leptin concentration in saliva during orthodontic treatment, periodontal diseases and wound healing in the oral mucosa-review Izabela Cwalina¹, Marta Komarowska2, Ewelina Dargiewicz3, AdamHermanowicz² ¹Ortho-Dent Private Dental Practice, Bialystok, Poland ² Pediatric Surgery Department; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok; Poland 3 Department of Orthodontics; Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok; Poland Corresponding author: Izabela Cwalina, email: izabela.cwalina20@gmail.com Abstract Background The oral cavity is a very complex environment characterized by numerous interactions between different tissues, secretions from various glands, foods, air and microorganisms. Leptin is a hormone-like protein, which plays an important role in protection of host against inflammation and infection. It exhibits many physiological properties. Some studies have reported changes in leptin levels during orthodontic treatment, wound healing, periodontal disease. The aim of the paper was to review the salivary leptin role in each of these cases. Methods Articles published before November 2018 were obtained from PubMed, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source. Inclusion criteria were: a) empirically based b) peer-reviewed. Discussion and results Salivary leptin levels significantly decrease during orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal diseases. However, it increases while wound healing in the oral mucosa. Conclusion There is a correlation between tooth movement and leptin level. Obese patients could have lesser tooth movement. This hormone promotes wound healing and angiogenesis in oral cavity. Leptin concentration in saliva increases in patients with periodontitis. Keywords: saliva, leptin, healing, orthodontic tooth movement, periodontitis

Białczak Zbigniew, Gałązkowski Robert, Rzońca Patryk, Gorgol Adam. Reasons for medical rescue team interventions in the northwest part of masovian voivodeship. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(12):751-766. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529632 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6434 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/894824 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.12.2018. Revised: 20.12.2018. Accepted: 29.12.2018. Reasons for medical rescue team interventions in the northwest part of masovian voivodeship Zbigniew Białczak 1, Robert Gałązkowski 2, Patryk Rzońca 3, Adam Gorgol 3 1 Independent Public Team of Health Care Centers in Żuromin, zbialczak@yahoo.com 2 Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, r.galazkowski@lpr.com.pl 3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, patryk.rzonca@gmail.com Keywords Emergency Medical Services, Prehospital Emergency Care, National Medical Rescue System, Emergency Medical Services Team Abstract Introduction: Civilisation development and huge technological progress influence the life and functioning of every human being. They facilitate functioning in the modern world but are also associated with increased incidence of trauma and morbidity, which are a challenge for modern health care systems. One of the main elements of health care is Emergency Medical Services System, whose aim is to save people who are in the state of sudden health hazard. Aim: The aim of this paper was to analyse the reasons for medical rescue team interventions in the northwest part of Masovian voivodeship within the period of four years (2013-2016). Materials and method: The analysis showed that the most common reason for medical rescue team intervention in the studied region and time period was cardiovascular diseases. Results: Men and people aged 75-89 were the main beneficiaries of medical services provided by medical rescue teams. Cardiovascular diseases were more often diagnosed in women and people aged 75-89, while injuries were mainly diagnosed in men and people aged 45-59. Conclusion: The gender and age of the patient, year, day of the week, the place of the call, team type and the urgency code of the call were important factors influencing the reasons for the intervention of MRTs in the analysed region and period.

Pilarska Agnieszka. Spatial diversification of musculoskeletal and connective tissue incidence of Polish population. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(12):375-383. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2307491 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6385 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.11.2018. Revised: 20.11.2018. Accepted: 16.12.2018. SPATIAL DIVERSIFICATION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE INCIDENCE OF POLISH POPULATION Agnieszka Pilarska Affiliation: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Faculty of Earth Sciences Department of Geomatics and Cartography Abstract Introduction Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders, which can be classified as civilization diseases, constitute an important element of a comprehensive analysis of health condition of people aged over 19. A comprehensive analysis of this component should not overlook the spatial aspect, i.e. the question of spatial diversification. Aim of the paper The purpose of the paper was presented in the article’s title. It is an analysis of spatial diversification of the musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorder incidence by voivodeships and districts (poviats). Materials and methods In the paper, data from the following organisations were used: Centrum Systemów Informacyjnych Ochrony Zdrowia (CSIOZ) [Centre of Health Information Systems], Bank Danych Lokalnych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (BDL GUS) [Local Data Bank of Central Statistical Office], Centralny Ośrodek Dokumentacji Geodezyjnej i Kartograficznej (CODGiK) [National Surveying and Cartographic Documentation Centre] and from “Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data”. Within the scope of the paper, the crude incidence rate was calculated and choropleth maps were developed constituting a cartographic visualization of the calculated rates. Results: The results of the carried out analysis were presented in the form of the cartographic visualisation and tables including change dynamics. It constituted the basis for identification of the areas of advantageous and disadvantageous epidemiological situation. Conclusions In light of the obtained results, among other things, the following has to be stated: the areas of disadvantageous epidemiological situation include northern Poland and some of the former Russian partition voivodeships. Key words: musculoskeletal disorders, spatial approach, voivodeships, districts (poviats), Poland, medical geography.

Kubiak Karolina, Kwiatkowska Klaudia, Lamtych Martyna, Badiuk Nataliia. Methods for assessing selected disorders of the autonomic nervous system in neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(12):1045-1051. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3404080 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7398 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author(s) 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 19.12.2018. Revised: 22.12.2018. Accepted: 24.12.2018. Methods for assessing selected disorders of the autonomic nervous system in neurodegenerative diseases Kubiak Karolina1, Kwiatkowska Klaudia1, Lamtych Martyna1, Nataliia Badiuk2 1Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy Katedrze Higieny, Epidemiologii i Ergonomii Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, UMK w Toruniu, Poland 2State Enterprise Ukrainian Research Institute for Medicine of Transport, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Odesa, Ukraine Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases belong to the group of progressive disease entities leading to pathological changes in nerve cells. Loss of nerve cells causes numerous motor and non-motor disorders, which include autonomic nervous system (AUN) disorders. The aim of the study is to review the available literature on the most frequently occurring disorders of the autonomic nervous system occurring in neurodegenerative diseases and methods of their diagnosis. For this purpose, databases such as MedLine, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Polish Medical Bibliography were searched. Articles in Polish and English were selected. The paper presents the methods most commonly used to assess the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular disorders. Accounted for methods that, thanks to their ease of implementation, have found wide clinical application. Non-invasive methods include, among others: analysis of heart rate variability, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, tilt test and deep slow breathing test. In addition to the above-mentioned studies and tests, the literature also includes questionnaires for assessing dysautonomy. The most commonly used is the Lowa Autonomous Symptom Questionnaire. Studies published so far confirm the need to use AUN assessment in neurodegenerative diseases. Diagnosis and treatment of nervous system dysautonomics is important from the point of view of a holistic therapeutic approach. Key words: multiple sclerosis, parkinson disease, autonomic dysfunction, dysautonomy

Michalczyk Michał, Torbé Dorota, Torbé Andrzej. A brief historical outline of the development of labor analgesia. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(9):827-832 eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1415443 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5970 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/877228 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2018. Revised: 18.08.2018. Accepted: 13.09.2018. A brief historical outline of the development of labor analgesia Michał Michalczyk1, Dorota Torbé2, Andrzej Torbé1 1Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Av. 72, 70-111 Szczecin Poland 2Doctoral Studium of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland Corresponding author: Prof. dr hab. n. med. Andrzej Torbé Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 70-354 Szczecin Abstract Birth of a child is an unique time in the life of every woman. Unfortunately, labor is often one of the most painful and traumatic experiences suffered in woman’s life. In the modern obstetrics pain of labor and methods of its mitigation are the main problem for both, patients and medical staff. In this paper the most important steps of the development of labor analgesia were described. Key words: chloroform, epidural anesthesia, labor analgesia, nitrous oxide, twilight sleep

Kowalczyk Anna, Kulczycka Kinga, Stychno Ewa, Chilimoniuk Beata. Risk factors for musculoskeletal pain among office workers. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(9):1376-1385 eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1433752 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6055 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/878784 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2018. Revised: 18.08.2018. Accepted: 23.09.2018. Risk factors for musculoskeletal pain among office workers Anna Kowalczyk1, Kinga Kulczycka2, Ewa Stychno2, Beata Chilimoniuk3 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce 2Chair and Department of Management in Nursing, Faculty Health Sciences Medical University of Lublin 3Department of Medical Rescue, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin Address for correspondence: Anna Kowalczyk ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4732-3934 e-mail: annakowalczyklublin@gmail.com Kinga Kulczycka: ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5517-2171 Ewa Stychno ORCID ID:0000-0003-3343-9880 Beata Chilimoniuk ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2630-9941 SUMMARY Musculoskeletal disorders occur with different frequency and intensity within particular occupational groups. On the basis of the research and observations carried out, the features of people and their living environment, which predispose to the development of disease changes within the locomotor system, were identified. They are divided into two categories: occupational risk factors and non-occupational risk factors. The aim of this paper is to present the main risk factors for musculoskeletal pain among office workers. Early identification and knowledge of vulnerable people allows to plan and implement corrective and preventive actions at the stage when they have a chance to effectively limit, stop or even reverse the disease changes developing in these people. Key words: pain, ergonomics, office work &nbsp

Popiołek Joanna, Kusz Monika, Alzubedi Adam, Konopelko Michał. The comparison of the physical activity level in young adultsassessed with measuring tools and subjective self-assessment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(9):1436-1442 eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1434785 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6082 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/878997 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2018. Revised: 18.08.2018. Accepted: 15.09.2018. The comparison of the physical activity level in young adultsassessed with measuring tools and subjective self-assessment Joanna Popiołek1, Monika Kusz2, Adam Alzubedi3, Michał Konopelko4 Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Wyszynski Hospital in Lublin Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin Department of General and Transplant Surgery and Nutritional Treatment, Medical University of Lublin Chair and Department of Hygiene, Medical University of Lublin Address for correspondence: Joanna Popiolek, Department of Cardiology, 100 Krasnicka Al., 20-718 Lublin, Poland, phone: +48 81537 47 40 e-mail: popiolek8@gmail.com Abstract Daily physical activity is one of many factors determining health.World Health Organization (WHO) recommends regular moderate physical activity for people of all ages.The aim of this study was to compare the classified level of physical activity of young adults with their subjective self-assessment. The study group consisted of 42 people aged 20-24 years, on average 21.5 years.62% (26 people) were women, and 38% (32 people) were men.Data was obtained using a paper questionnaire based on theInternational Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The respondentswere asked about their physical activity during the week and their own assessment of their level of physical activity. 52.38% of respondents reported that they regularly exercise.Men do it more often (75% of men) and women less often (38.46% of women).80.95% considered their own level of physical activity as sufficient, 9.22% as high, and 9.52% as insufficient.At the same time, based on the IPAQ calculation, 42.86% respondents represented a sufficient level of physical activity, 38.10% high, and 19.05% insufficient.The average level of activity was 1668,57 MET-min/week, which according to the IPAQ classification means a high level of physical activity. In summary, young adults representhighlevels of physical activity.The study showed that they tend to under- and overestimate their level of physical activity, whereas the underestimation is more common. Key words: physical activity, IPAQ,exercise, young adults’ health &nbsp

Khilchevska V. S. Clinical and anamnestic features of acetonemic syndrome in children with patholigy of the digestive system. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(8):701-705. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1345232 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5812 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © © The Authors 2018; The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.07.2018. Revised: 30.07.2018. Accepted: 14.08.2018. UDC 616.153.284-008.61-008.6-053.2-036.1 CLINICAL AND ANAMNESTIC FEATURES OF ACETONEMIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN WITH PATHOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM V. S. Khilchevska HSEE of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University» PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Children Infectious Diseases Abstract In the practice of a gastroenterologist, diseases that are accompanied by a clinic of acetone syndrome are of particular relevance. The study involved 38 children with acetonemic syndrome on the background of gastroenterological pathology. Two clinical groups of observations were formed: І group included 25 children with moderate ketosis, ІІ group - 13 children with severe ketosis. The paper presents comparative analysis of results of clinical and anamnestic examination of children depending on the severity of the course of pathology. Patients with less pronounced signs of acetonemic syndrome were characterized by higher occurrence of acetonemia per year, longer period of breastfeeding, more frequently compromised individual allergic anamnesis. Patients with severe acetonemic syndrome differed by higher infectious index, a tendency to bigger body mass indices, association with exacerbated gastroduodenal pathology. Key words: children, gastroduodenal pathology, acetonemic syndrome, clinical-anamnestic indices.

Urbańczuk Marcin, Urbańczuk Magdalena, Tuzim Tomasz, Schab Katarzyna, Tuzim Kamila, Lewicki Marcin. Non-Invasive Methods of Haemodynamic Monitoring. A case study. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(8):202-211. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1305464 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5628 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/869560 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.06.2018. Revised: 28.06.2018. Accepted: 05.07.2018. Non-Invasive Methods of Haemodynamic Monitoring Marcin Urbańczuk1, Magdalena Urbańczuk2, Tomasz Tuzim3, Katarzyna Schab4, Kamila Tuzim2, Marcin Lewicki5 1Chair and Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Poland http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5736-1726 2Chair and Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2718-8213 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3748-1579 3Sanus Specialist Hospital, ul. Wojska Polskiego 4, Stalowa Wola, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7793-0156 4Chair and Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8516-6971 5Chair and Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology of Medical University of Lublin, Poland http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1906-9326 Abstract Diseases of the cardiovascular system are one of the most common causes of death in Poland and in the world. Along with the progress of medicine and development of diagnostic methods, there are a growing number of useful procedures allowing for better monitoring of patient’s cardiovascular parameters and thereby more effective treatment. Monitoring of haemodynamic parameters of the circulatory system is necessary in patients hospitalised in anaesthesiology departments and in most intensive cardiac care units. The methods employed to evaluate the work of the heart can be divided into invasive and non-invasive, depending on whether they require a disruption of the continuity of the patient's tissues. In view of the ease of implementation of non-invasive methods, their costs and their implementability in practically every patient, these methods are used with increased frequency, both in patient care, as well as in measurements taken for scientific purposes. In recent years, several new methods have been developed which in many aspects are by no means inferior to the "golden standard" constituted by the invasive methods. When supported by medical knowledge and experience of health care professionals, they become particularly useful and valuable for improving medical care. This paper presents the latest of the currently available methods of haemodynamic monitoring. The mechanism of action of each of them has been explained, as well as the possibilities they present, the limitations they hold and the examples of their use in patient care. Key words: haemodynamic monitoring, bioimpedance, electrocardiography

Husarz Renata, Jurek Anna, Jaroszyński Janusz, FurtakNiczyporuk Marzena, Mela Aneta. Definition of medical error and physicians’ interest in changes in the law. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(7):148-158. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1294909 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5579 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/868052 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.05.2018. Revised: 18.05.2018. Accepted: 21.06.2018. Definition of medical error and physicians’ interest in changes in the law Renata Husarz¹, Anna Jurek¹, Janusz Jaroszyński¹, MarzenaFurtakNiczyporuk¹, Aneta Mela² ¹ Chair and Department of Public Health, II Faculty of Medicine with English Language Division, Medical University of Lublin ² Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw Summary The main purpose of the paper is to discuss the definition of medical error. Moreover, the statistical analysis was aimed at demonstrating, at which level is the legal knowledge of the professional group of doctors, in relation to the performed profession. The research group consisted of doctors of different specializations, of different ages, with diverse work experiences, performing their profession in the Lubelskie voivodeship. These were people working on the basis of contract of employment, civil law contracts or individual medical practice, employed in provincial hospitals, clinics, district hospitals, outpatient’s clinics, ambulances or medical centers. The author's questionnaire survey consisted of questions and answers for 298 doctors. Damage resulting from a widely understood medical error can be caused not only by the physician but by all medical staff or due to the organizational failure of the medical establishment. It must be stated with all conviction that the formulation of the concept of medical error is still ongoing and will evolve with the development of medicine as well as the law, which will strive to delineate the framework of its occurrence. The majority of doubts, which results from the obtained research, raises the issue of provision of medical help without the consent of the patient and the right to refuse treatment, but above all, what is quite surprising is the question of accepting gifts from pharmaceutical companies. The most frequently cited reasons influencing the lack of updating legal knowledge in the field of the performed profession were lack of time and a large number of duties, whereas the research group, in order to deepen their knowledge on that matter, most frequently used the Internet resources, industry articles, and on the third place was the training related to the subject matter of the medical law. Key words: medical error, knowledge of law, changes in the law &nbsp

Husejko Jakub, Prylińska Monika, Skierkowska Natalia, Bieniek Daria,Walkowski Piotr, Szewczak Dorota, Wycech Alicja, Matulewicz Karolina, Gajos Małgorzata, Topka Weronika, Kujawska Agnieszka, Kędziora‑Kornatowska Kornelia. What affects the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease? Overview of risk factors. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(7):25-38. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1256711 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5544 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/866413 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author(s) 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.05.2018. Revised: 18.05.2018. Accepted: 31.05.2018. What affects the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease? Overview of risk factors Jakub Husejko, Monika Prylińska, Natalia Skierkowska, Daria Bieniek, PiotrWalkowski, Dorota Szewczak, Alicja Wycech, Karolina Matulewicz, MałgorzataGajos, Weronika Topka, Agnieszka Kujawska, KorneliaKędziora‑Kornatowska Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, UMK w Toruniu Abstract Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is currently one of the key challenges of medicine, due to the growing number of cases every year, especially in developed countries. It is characterized by disorders of episodic memory and specific neuropathological changes. Knowledge of risk factors allows for early prevention of the disease and gives the opportunity to delay the appearance of symptoms. Among them are: genetic factors, diet, dietary supplements, cardiovascular system, education and social involvement, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Material and Methods: The paper reviews literature using the EBSCO and Google Scholar databases. Articles have been analyzed using the keywords Alzheimer's disease, supplements, risk factors, oxidative stress, cardiovascular system, TBI. The article presents potential risk of health and social factors affecting the development of AD. Results: The results show that one of the main risk factors are genetic factors, e.g. mutations in the presynilin 1 and presynilin 2 genes. The effect of many factors is oxidative stress, which should be minimized by a diet rich in antioxidants, including vitamins C, E and β- carotene and from group B and additionally supplement it with vitamin D supplement. It is also very important to properly operate the blood-brain barrier transporters, e.g. GLUT1. Studies have shown that β-amyloid accumulation, characteristic of AD, was noted a few hours after the onset of TBI, especially among men. Psychological and social observations, which indicate lower risk of AD in case of mentally and socially active people, can not be overlooked. Conclusions: The factors presented in the article are very numerous, which indicates the fact that there are many disorders that may influence the development of Alzheimer's disease to a greater or lesser degree, however the most important are the genetic factors and antioxidant deficiencies causing oxidative stress. The search for new factors causing the growing incidence of AD is important not only for social reasons, but also for economic reasons, due to the very costly care of the patient. Key words: Alzheimer's disease, supplements, risk factors, oxidative stress, cardiovascular system, TBI.

Pawłowski Witold, Lasota Dorota, Goniewicz Krzysztof, Goniewicz Mariusz, Misztal-Okońska Patrycja. Education and training of emergency nursing. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(7):19-24. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1256679 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5540 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/866412 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author(s) 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.05.2018. Revised: 18.05.2018. Accepted: 31.05.2018. Education and training of emergency nursing Witold Pawłowski¹, Dorota Lasota², Krzysztof Goniewicz¹, ³, Mariusz Goniewicz4, Patrycja Misztal-Okońska4 ¹ Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Disaster Medicine ² Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology ³ Polish Air Force Academy, Faculty of National Security and Logistics 4 Medical University of Lublin, Department of Emergency Medicine Abstract In recent years, rapid changes taking place in the system of medical emergency services, as well as in emergency nursing, have contributed to changes of binding legislation. Amendment of the regulation of the Minister of Health and Social Welfare on postgraduate education of nurses and midwives concerned the extension of domains’ list by emergency nursing, which has resulted in the organisation of specialist and training in the field of emergency nursing since 2004. The objective of the following paper is to present new regulations normalising education of nurses, with a detailed specialist curriculum “Performing tracheotomy: the decompression of tension pneumothorax and intraosseous access” as well as the nurse’s rights in the field of diagnostics and therapeutic services. Key words: emergency nursing; education; emergency nurse; disaster response

Szkutnicka Ewelina, Samardakiewicz Marzena, Barańska Agnieszka, Sokołowska Anna, Firlej Ewelina, Szkutnicki Hubert. The effects of obesity on the life activity and self-esteem of the elderly. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(4):11-19. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1213295 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5396 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/862161 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license (Http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.03.2018. Revised: 10.03.2018. Accepted: 05.04.2018. The effects of obesity on the life activity and self-esteem of the elderly Ewelina Szkutnicka1, Marzena Samardakiewicz2, Agnieszka Barańska3, Anna Sokołowska4, Ewelina Firlej5 Hubert Szkutnicki6 1 Powiatowe Centrum Zdrowia w Opolu Lubelskim/ District Health Center in Opole Lubelskie 2 Zakład Psychologii Stosowanej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie/ Department of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin 3 Zakład Informatyki i Statystyki Medycznej z Pracownią Zdalnego Nauczania, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie/ Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics with E-learning Lab, Medical University of Lublin 4 Pracownia Kosmetologii i Medycyny Estetycznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie/ Laboratory of Cosmetology and Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin 5 Katedra Zdrowia Publicznego, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie/ Department of Public Health, Medical University of Lublin 6 Student V roku kierunku lekarsko-dentystycznego, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, A fifth-year student of the Medical and Dental field, Medical University of Lublin Introduction. Metabolic disorders, the coexistence of many diseases, lack of physical activity, bad nutrition and low economic status are factors, which increase the risk of being overweight or obese. We are currently witnessing an increase in obesity along with age, which has been intensifying in recent years. Aim of the paper. The aim of the paper was to analyse the influence of overweight and obesity among the elderly on their life activity, level of self-esteem and satisfaction with life. Material and methods. The research was carried out on October 2017 in Opole Lubelskie (in Lubelskie Province). The study group consisted of 50 people aged over 65. The selection criteria for respondents were age (> 65) and BMI (>25). A specially prepared questionnaire was used for the research. The BMI of the respondents was calculated from measures of their height and body mass. Results. The BMI calculated confirmed class I obesity among 28.57% of women and 18.19% of men, class II obesity in 39.29% of women and 36.36% of men and class III obesity in 32.14% of women and 45.45% of men (Graph 1). 78% of respondents assessed their lifestyle as not very active. A whole 92% are not satisfied with their appearance. All those surveyed believe they are perceived badly by other people. Conclusions. Obesity has a major influence on the quality of life of people of advanced age. Excessive body mass has a detrimental effect on self-esteem and can lead to the elderly withdrawing from social life. Key words: obesity, elderly, self-esteem, life satisfaction

Przymuszała Aneta, Roszak Magdalena, Kulik Oksana, Uździcki Artur, TurońSkrzypińska Agnieszka, Rotter Iwona, Ptak Magdalena. Generalised joint hypermobility as a symptom of chosen diseases and syndromes. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(4):246-255. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1220079 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5418 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/863348 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license (Http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.03.2018. Revised: 10.03.2018. Accepted: 18.04.2018. Generalised joint hypermobility as a symptom of chosen diseases and syndromes Aneta Przymuszała¹, Magdalena Roszak¹, Oksana Kulik¹, Artur Uździcki², Agnieszka Turoń-Skrzypińska³, Iwona Rotter³, Magdalena Ptak³ ¹ Student Scientific Society KINEZIS of the Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy Department of the Pomeranian Medical University ² Student Scientific Society of Pharmacogenomics of Physiology Department of Pomeranian Medical University ³ Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy Department of Pomeranian Medical University Adress for corespondence mgr Agnieszka Turoń-Skrzypińska, Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy Department, Pomeranian Medical University, agi.skrzypinska@gmail.com Abstract Introduction: Hypermobility is defined as ability to actively or passively perform a move, which exceed the norm for range of movement for each joint. In any case of hypermobility it is crucial to determine if it is a sign of pathological process. Join hypermobility is a frequent abnormality in a general population and may be caused by a numerous genetic disorders. The aim of this paper is to compare the most important diseases which may manifest in generalized joint hypermobility. This study include available knowledge about hypermobility in particular diseases and syndromes which are: Joint Hypermobility Syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Hypermobility Type, Marfan Syndrome, Loeys - Dietz Syndrome, Down Syndrome, Fragile X Sydrome. Key words: hypermobility, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Marfan Syndrome, Loeys-Dietz Syndrome, Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome

Prylińska Monika, Bieniek Daria, Karpińska Anna, Skierkowska Natalia, Androsiuk-Perkowska Joanna, Perkowski Radosław, Husejko Jakub, Topka Weronika, Gajos Małgorzata, Kujawska Agnieszka, Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia. Use of diet supplements in older patients. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(4):147-158. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1217425 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5413 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 21.02.2018. Revised 22.03.2018. Accepted: 12.04.2018. Use of diet supplements in older patients Monika Prylińska, Daria Bieniek, Anna Karpińska, Natalia Skierkowska, JoannaAndrosiuk-Perkowska, Radosław Perkowski, Jakub Husejko, Weronika Topka, Małgorzata Gajos, Agnieszka Kujawska, Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska Collegium Medicum im. Ludwika Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, UMK w Toruniu Abstract Introduction: Dietary supplements are ingredients in the diet of a growing number of people, especially seniors. The physiological processes of aging of the body are often accompanied by disease processes, which may result in malnutrition of the body and supplement using could be a presumably auxiliary therapy. Material and Methods: The paper reviews literature using the EBSCO and Google Scholar databases. Articles have been analyzed using the keywords aging, elderly, malnutrition, supplements, vitamins, minerals, supplementation. The article presents effects of the use of individual dietary supplements. Results: Among the elderly, it would be worth to consider supplementation with vitamins D3, K2, B12. In addition to vitamins, iron, selenium, creatine, leucine, milk thistle, omega 3 acids use could be considered. Conclusions: Vitamins, microelements and amino acids are essential for the proper functioning of the body, while some groups of elderly are malnutritioned and could gain benefit from diet supplements. Individually prescribed therapy using supplements should be based on deficiencies examination using objective tests, for example blood test. Key words: aging, elderly, malnutrition, supplements, vitamins, minerals, supplementation.

Pawłowski Witold, Goniewicz Krzysztof, Goniewicz Mariusz, Czerski Robert, Lasota Dorota. Emergency Medical Services in Poland during mass events and disasters - competence and challenges. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(4):396-404. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1237574 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5452 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/864265 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license (Http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.04.2018. Revised: 12.04.2018. Accepted: 30.04.2018. Emergency Medical Services in Poland during mass events and disasters - competence and challenges Witold Pawłowski¹, Krzysztof Goniewicz1, 2, Mariusz Goniewicz³, Robert Czerski², Dorota Lasota4 ¹ Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Disaster Medicine ² Polish Air Force Academy, Faculty of National Security and Logistics ³ Medical University of Lublin, Department of Emergency Medicine 4 Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Abstract Disasters are unusual conditions, exceed the limits of normal human activity, in a moment the storm infrastructure, equipment, bring chaos and panic. In cases of mass accidents and disasters becomes a necessity to organize proper medical aid. With each passing second after the accident reduced the chances of effective assistance. Increasing the danger of loss of life by the victim or injuries leading to disability. Saving lives and health in the state of immediate threat, regardless of the reasons and circumstances require, inter alia, the proper functioning of medical staff working in the rescue system. The paper presents procedure for emergency medical services during mass events. Keywords: Emergency Medical Services; accidents; disasters

Gushcha S. G., Nasibullin B. A., Plakida A. L., Volyanska V. S. Perspectiveness of correction of accompanying diseases in patients with autism by course of interior use of naturally low mineralized water. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(1):228-234. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1188292 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5332 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 23.01.2018. Revised: 26.01.2018. Accepted: 31.01.2018. PERSPECTIVENESS OF CORRECTION OF ACCOMPANYING DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH AUTISM BY COURSE OF INTERIOR USE OF NATURALLY LOW MINERALIZED WATER S. G. Gushcha1, B.A.Nasibullin1, A. L. Plakida2, V. S. Volyanska1 1SI "Ukrainian Scientific-Research Institute of Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" 2Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine Abstract The article reviews the pathogenesis and the course of autism. Authors define autism as a psychosomatic disorder. A distinctive feature of mineral waters, as natural therapeutic factors of weak intensity, is their pronounced biological activity, the absence of side effects and the possibility of long-term use in combination with medication therapy. The paper presents data substantiating the possibility of using mineral water with an increased content of organic substances for the correction of the somatic component of autism (problems of the gastrointestinal tract, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, neurosis). Key words: autism, psychosomatic disorders, mineral water.

Tylkowski Jacek. Extreme weather events in Poland in the 21st century. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(10):40-51. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1000972 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4954 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.09.2017. Revised: 10.10.2017. Accepted: 10.10.2017. Extreme weather events in Poland in the 21st century Jacek Tylkowski Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Department of Environmental Monitoring Abstract This papers presents the temporal and spatial variation in the occurrence of extreme weather events in Poland which are not recorded by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management at its meteorological stations. On the grounds of the European Severe Weather Database, the study covered the occurrence of weather geo-threats such as: avalanche, dust devil, funnel cloud, gustnado, large hail, ice accumulation, damaging lightning, heavy rain, heavy, snowfall, tornado, severe wind within 2000-2016. The study also includes a case study on the extreme weather event called a bow echo which took place on 12 August 2017 and caused fatalities and significant economic losses within 6 voivodeships. Key words: extreme weather events, tornado, storms, geo-threats, bow echo, Poland.

Kozłowska Ewelina, Marzec Agnieszka. Health and social consequences of the use of psychoactive substances. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(9):377-388. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1000122 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4909 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.09.2017. Revised 10.09.2017. Accepted: 10.09.2017. Health and social consequences of the use of psychoactive substances Zdrowotne i społeczne konsekwencje stosowania substancji psychoaktywnych Kozłowska Ewelina 1, Agnieszka Marzec2 1 Independent Epidemiology Unit, Medical University of Lublin 2 Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin 1Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 2Zakład Dietetyki Klinicznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Address for correspondence Ewelina Kozłowska Laboratory of Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin ul. Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin E-mail: ewelina.kozlowska@umlub.pl Summary Today is observed the phenomenon of uncontrolled use of drugs including younger and younger age groups. In adolescence and adulthood there is a significant intensification of this phenomenon. This is particularly worrying because of the serious consequences of drug use and abuse of psychoactive substances. In their consequences leading to development of a number of somatic diseases, it contributes to the pathology of many social life. The aim of the study is to present health and social consequences resulting from the use of psychoactive substances. The paper discusses in detail the effects of consuming alcoholic drinks, smoking, drug use. Keywords. smoking, alcohol, drugs, psychoactive substances. Streszczenie Współcześnie obserwuje się zjawisko niekontrolowanego stosowania środków odurzających obejmującego coraz młodsze grupy wiekowe. W wieku dojrzewania i życiu dorosłym zachodzi znaczna intensyfikacja tego zjawiska. Jest to szczególnie niepokojące ze względu na poważne skutki zażywania i nadużywania substancji psychoaktywnych. W swych konsekwencjach prowadzi do rozwoju szeregu chorób somatycznych, przyczynia się do wielu patologii życia społecznego. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie zdrowotnych i społecznych konsekwencji wynikających ze stosowania substancji psychoaktywnych. W pracy szczegółowo omówiono skutki spożywania napojów alkoholowych, palenia tytoniu, stosowania narkotyków. Słowa kluczowe. palenie tytoniu, alkohol, narkotyki, substancje psychoaktywne.

Kujawska Agnieszka, Husejko Jakub, Topka Weronika, Androsiuk-Perkowska Joanna, Skierkowska Natalia, Gajos Małgorzata, Perkowski Radosław, Karpińska Anna, Kromrych Kamila, Kotarska Marta, Zielińska Natalia, Kożuchowski Marcin, Kędziora‑Kornatowska Kornelia. What promotes longevity? Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(9):142-154. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.888796 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4797 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.08.2017. Revised: 10.08.2017. Accepted: 31.08.2017. What promotes longevity? Agnieszka Kujawska1, Jakub Husejko1, Weronika Topka1, Joanna Androsiuk-Perkowska1, Natalia Skierkowska1, Małgorzata Gajos1, Radosław Perkowski1, Anna Karpińska1, Kamila Kromrych1, Marta Kotarska1, Natalia Zielińska1, Marcin Kożuchowski1, Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska1 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University Abstract Introduction Scientists try to answer on the need of a long life with a full physical capability Nonagenarians, centenarians and their closest family members are characterized by a survival benefit throughout life. Moreover, twin studies of longevity suggest that around 25% of the variation in lifespan in developed countries may be inherited. It is therefore worth to examine the role of inter-relationship between nature vs nurture in longevity increment. Material and methods Articles in the EBSCO database have been analyzed using keywords: longevity, gene, behavior, environment. The available literature was subjectively selected. Then, the newest version of every paper was searched for. Results Restriction of calories as well as intake of desirable nutrients can promote adequate control of metabolic pathways and gene expression. APOE, DRD4, Paraoxonase 1, SIRT 3 and SIRT 5 genes can play an important role in longevity. Conclusions Genetic profile and environmental factors seems to both influence on the longevity. Relationships between genetic profile, behavior pattern, quality of life, years spent free from activity limitations and longevity should be examined, to be able to give a recipe on living a long and happy life. Keywords longevity, gene, behavior, environment

Kucharska Ewelina. Administration Workers Knowledge on First Aid. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(9):566-574. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.999541 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4857 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.08.2017. Revised: 10.09.2017. Accepted: 10.09.2017. Administration Workers Knowledge on First Aid Ewelina Kucharska University of Life Sciences in Lublin Department of Biology, Animal Science and Bioeconomy Abstract Introduction and Aim Today, more and more emphasis is placed on training, awareness, change. People want to feel safe - this is one of the needs, according to the pyramid Maslow. To achieve this, training, knowledge acquisition and refinement are needed. Knowledge of the principles of first aid is important because it can save human life. Information about the scope of rescue and help we acquire in everyday life and in training, which aims to take care of the employee, the will to help, showing that everyone has the choice and influence on what they do, reaching people's awareness, imaging the threats and How to avoid them. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and estimate the level of knowledge and awareness about first aid among office workers. By showing what are the effective forms of training and how important first-aid skills are, I'm looking for answers as the average worker knows first aid, or should there be even more emphasis on training in the field. Material and Methods The research was conducted in the form of a questionnaire. Respondents who were administrative and office workers working in the city with over 100,000 inhabitants, in the city to 10,000 inhabitants and in the country, answered questions about their first aid knowledge. Results The results are presented in descriptive. After completing the survey, respondents answered specific questions. Conclusions The conclusion of the questionnaire replies is that there is too little first aid training, especially among rural and urban workers below 10 000 000 inhabitants. Keywords: first aid, training, risk, staff clerical

Weber Dorota, Stanisławek Andrzej, Nalepa Dorota. Knowledge of the inhabitants of Lubelskie region on proper eating habits. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(7):1051-1063. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1009714 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4955 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.07.2017. Revised: 10.07.2017. Accepted: 31.07.2017. Wiedza mieszkańców Lubelszczyzny na temat racjonalnego odżywiania Knowledge of the inhabitants of Lubelskie region on proper eating habits Dorota Weber1, Andrzej Stanisławek2, Dorota Nalepa3 1Doktorantka studiów doktoranckich Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie 2Katedra Onkologii i Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie 3Doktorantka studiów doktoranckich Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie e-mail: nalepad1@wp.pl Streszczenie Wstęp Dbałość o zdrowie, której elementem jest właściwy sposób odżywiania się, jest nie tylko indywidualną sprawą każdego człowieka, jest to sprawa publiczna. Wywiera bowiem silny wpływ zarówno na życie społeczne, jak i gospodarcze kraju. Stan zdrowia jest uwarunkowany, oczywiście, wieloma czynnikami. Jednak nawyki i zwyczaje dotyczące sposobu odżywiania się są szczególnie istotne, ze względu na znaczenie żywności dla fizycznego bytu każdego organizmu. Zwyczaje te formują się już w okresie dzieciństwa i młodości, ulegają jednak modyfikacjom w ciągu całego życia. Posiadana wiedza często jednak nie stanowi motywacji do dokonania korzystnych zmian w sposobie odżywiania, czyli nie wpływa na zmianę zachowań żywieniowych. Celem pracy była próba określenia poziomu wiedzy przypadkowych pacjentów przychodni na temat racjonalnego żywienia. Materiał i metody Badania przeprowadzono w okresie styczeń – luty 2016 roku w jednej z lubelskiej przychodni. Do badań zakwalifikowano 148 respondentów. Zastosowaną metodą w badaniach był sondaż diagnostyczny, a wykorzystaną techniką kwestionariusz wywiadu przeprowadzony wśród respondentów, w którym wykorzystano metryczkę, wywiad i badanie antropometryczne. Badaniem objęto 148 respondentów, których podzielono na 2 grupy: uczących się i pracujących. Respondenci byli mieszkańcami Lublina i pobliskich wsi. Wyniki badań poddano analizie statycznej programie Statistica 9.1 (StatSoft, Polska). Wnioski Identyfikacja stanu wiedzy żywieniowej i zachowań żywieniowych konsumentów oraz określenie poziomu i zróżnicowania ich świadomości żywieniowej powinny stać się podstawą do przygotowania wskazówek odnośnie treści przekazów popularyzujących zdrowe żywienie wśród konsumentów różnych grup. Słowa kluczowe: wiedza, prawidłowe odżywianie Introduction Due to the fact that care about health, where proper eating habits are one of its constituents, exerts a strong impact on both social and economic life of a country, it is not just an individual case of each person, but a public matter. The state of health status is obviously subject to a number of factors. However, the habits and customs with regard to daily habits are of particular importance due to the significance of food for the physical existence of each human body. These habits are formed in childhood and youth, however they undergo modifications throughout the whole life. Quite frequently the possessed knowledge is not a sufficient motivation to make great changes in the manner of eating, thus it does not change the eating habits. The aim of the paper is to determine the level of knowledge of clinic patients, selected at random, on proper eating habits. Materials and methods The research was conducted during the period of January-February 2016 year in a Lublin clinic. The investigation comprised 148 respondents. The method used in the research was a diagnostic survey, and the selected technique was a questionnaire conducted among the respondents, using a birth certificate, an interview and an anthropometric study. The study included 148 persons, who were further divided into two groups: students and workers. The respondents were the inhabitants of Lublin and nearby villages. The survey findings underwent a static programme analysis in Statistica 9.1 software (StatSoft, Poland). Conclusions The identification of nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviours of consumers as well as determination of the level and diversity of their nutritional awareness should become the basis for the preparation of guidelines on the content of broadcasts in order to promote healthy eating habits among consumers of different groups. Keywords: knowledge, proper eating habits

Rymkiewicz Emilia, Karczewska Agnieszka, Lis Beata, Mosiewicz Barbara, Sołdaj–Bukszyńska Katarzyna, Ścirka Natalia, Grzywa‑Celińska Anna, Rękas‑Wójcik Agata, Grochowski Cezary, Dzida Grzegorz, Mosiewicz Jerzy. Coronary arteritis as a cause of cardiac rhythm disorders. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(9):33-44. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.854838 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4751 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.08.2017. Revised: 02.08.2017. Accepted: 28.08.2017. Coronary arteritis as a cause of cardiac rhythm disorders Emilia Rymkiewicz, Agnieszka Karczewska, Beata Lis, Barbara Mosiewicz, Katarzyna Sołdaj–Bukszyńska, Natalia Ścirka, Anna Grzywa-Celińska, Agata Rękas‑Wójcik, Cezary Grochowski, Grzegorz Dzida, Jerzy Mosiewicz Katedra i Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych prof. dr hab. n. med. Jerzy Mosiewicz Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny Nr 1 w Lublinie Abstract Ischemic heart disease is a unit consisting of all heart ischemic states regardless of their pathomechanism. Despite common knowledge about risk factors, it remains the most frequent cause of death in industrialized countries. Aim of this paper is to present a case of 23-year-old patient hospitalized in the Department of Internal Diseases because of sensation of heart palpitation and weakness due to acute coronary syndrome in course of coronary arteritis, which occurred 7 years earlier. After performing 24-hour cardiac rhythm observation using Holter monitor, episodes of atrioventricular block Mobitz II, sinoatrial block and multiple supraventricular and ventricular excitations were found. Key words: coronary arteritis, myocardial infarction.

Introduction: CrossFit is a challenging sport. It enforces full engagement of the athlete in every move during every training session. CrossFit teaches perseverance, discipline and respect. Sports psychology allows for in-depth analysis of trainings or competitions. The athlete can better prepare himself for what he may face, both on the mistakes made and on success. Regular mental training supports the athlete's ability to be successful in sports. The aim of the study: The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate the relationship between mental training - here mainly focused on concentration, self-confidence and imagery, CrossFit and sports performance. Material and the method: This paper is a case study. The subject of the study was a male - 30 years old, training crossfit, with the 3-year training experience. Meeting period with the subject male was conducted for 2 months. Before and after the meeting period there were used below mentioned methods: Sports Confidence Inventory (TSCI-PL); The Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS); The Imagination in Sport Questionnaire; The Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) and the profile of skills. Results: There was a noticeable increase of the results in the questionnaires: Sports Confidence Inventory (TSCI-PL); The Imagination in Sport Questionnaire; The Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) questionnaire for the self-confidence (TSCI-PL). The Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) there was an increase of the results regarding the somatic anxiety and worrying also there was a decrease in the scale of distraction. Conclusion: The meeting period turned out to be effective, however the mental training requires regularity and longevity in order to maintain consistency and repeatability of behavior.

Szubstarski Mateusz, Sekuła Przemysław, Głodek Łukasz, Tarczyńska Marta, Gawęda Krzysztof, Mazur Rafał. Intra-articular injections – current indications and contraindications. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(8):907-916. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.995621 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4873 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.08.2017. Revised: 10.08.2017. Accepted: 31.08.2017. Intra-articular injections – current indications and contraindications Mateusz Szubstarski1, Przemysław Sekuła1, Łukasz Głodek1, Marta Tarczyńska1, Krzysztof Gawęda1, Rafał Mazur2 1 Medical University of Lublin, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lublin, Poland 2 Student, I Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin Mateusz Szubstarski M.D1: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6291-8536 e-mail: mateuszszubstarski@gmail.com Przemysław Sekuła M.D1: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0328-032X e-mail: przemyslawsekula@hotmail.com Łukasz Głodek M.D1: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3741-4392 e-mail: lukaszglodek9@o2.pl Marta Tarczyńska M.D , Ph.D1: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-6230 e-mail: martatarczyn@o2.pl Krzysztof Gawęda M.D. Ph.D1: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1374-3343 e-mail: krzylub@o2.pl Rafał Mazur2: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8486-5567, e-mail: rafall.mazur@gmail.com Address for correspondence: Mateusz Szubstarski mateuszszubstarski@gmail.com Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology SPSK 4 Jaczewskiego 8 20-954 Lublin Abstract Therapeutic intra-articular injections are becoming an increasingly popular treatment modality for osteoarthritis, in particular in its initial stage. The available literature provides varied reports on the efficacy of drugs being administered directly into the joint cavity. This results from inconsistent research methods and assessment criteria. There is considerable controversy as to the best therapeutic approach in everyday clinical practice. The aim of this paper was to present synthetically information and research results concerning the use of selected therapeutic agents in intra-articular injection treatment. The collected data is supposed to facilitate adjusting treatment strategies to patients' individual needs. Keywords: intra-articular injections, synovial fluid, joint

Tomaszewska Katarzyna, Kłos Alicja, Majchrowicz Bożena. Influence of work environment on the quality of benefits provided by primary health care nurses. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(8):1191-1205. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1039369 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4984 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.08.2017. Revised: 10.08.2017. Accepted: 31.08.2017. Influence of work environment on the quality of benefits provided by primary health care nurses Katarzyna Tomaszewska1, Alicja Kłos1, Bożena Majchrowicz2 1Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Techniczno – Ekonomiczna w Jarosławiu Bronisław Markiewicz State Higher School of Technology and Economics in Jarosław 2Uniwersytet Rzeszowski University of Rzeszow Abstract The work of a nurse plays a significant role in the treatment, rehabilitation and promotion of patient health. It is particularly important in the patient's home environment. The variety of benefits provided requires specific skills, abilities as well as the need for constant updating of knowledge. What is more, an environmental nurse working alone in the patient's home for his or her patients is often an authority. The quality of nursing is considered from the very beginning of its professional development. It is one of the elements of health care but no less important than others. It refers to the direct relationship between the patient and the nurse. It is dependent on many factors, primarily from the working environment. Purpose of research The aim of the study was to find nurses' opinions about the impact of the working environment on the quality of services provided within the primary care Material and methods For the purposes of this paper, a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was used. The study was conducted among 128 family nurses of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship from January to April 2017. All persons were informed about the purpose of the study. They were voluntary and anonymous. For the purpose of this paper, hypotheses were used for questions on nominal scales: V Kramer (2x3, 4x5, etc.), Phi (2x2). Tb - Kendall or Tc tests were used for the order scales. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program and all compounds were statistically significant when p Results and conclusions: 128 nurses participated in the study. The average age of the respondents was nearly 41 years +/- 9 years. 15.6% of the respondents provided individual nursing care, 21.1% as part of a group nursing practice, and 30.5% were employed in non-public health care facilities. The remaining 25.8% in public outpatient clinics of primary care. The results of the research indicate significant variation in the working conditions of nurses in the family environment. Most often they provide benefits to the elderly and chronically ill, resulting in high physical stress resulting from hygienic activities. Nurses still have too little time for benefits including health promotion and disease prevention. Caring for a good quality of services is an important goal for a nurse in primary health care. Keywords: nurse, work environment, quality of services in the primary care

Węgorowski Paweł, Michalik Joanna, Buchcic Zbigniew, Stanisławek Andrzej, Domżał–Drzewicka Renata. Assessment of knowledge about hypertension. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(7):873-887. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.885368 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4770 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.07.2017. Revised: 10.07.2017. Accepted: 31.07.2017. Ocena poziomu wiedzy pacjentów na temat nadciśnienia tętniczego Assessment of knowledge about hypertension Paweł Węgorowski 1, Joanna Michalik 1, Zbigniew Buchcic 2, Andrzej Stanisławek 1, Renata Domżał–Drzewicka 1 1 Katedra Onkologii i Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 2 Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej w Łęcznej, Oddział Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii Autor do korespondencji: Joanna Michalik JoannaMichalik21@wp.pl Tel. 600 065 151 Wstęp Z badań epidemiologicznych wynika, że choroby układu krążenia znajdują się w czołówce chorób dotykających polskie społeczeństwo. Pomimo postępów we współczesnej medycynie, co druga osoba doświadcza ostrych lub przewlekłych powikłań sercowo - naczyniowych. Cel badań Celem badań w niniejszej pracy była ocena poziomu wiedzy pacjentów na temat profilaktyki, diagnostyki i leczenia nadciśnienia tętniczego. Materiały i metody W pracy zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, w jej obrębie technikę ankiety, zaś jako narzędzie badawcze – kwestionariusz ankiety własnego autorstwa. Badania ankietowe przeprowadzono czerwiec – sierpień 2015 roku na terenie Samodzielnego Publicznego Zespołu Opieki Zdrowotnej we Włodawie. W badaniach wzięło udział 60 osób. Grupa została podzielona - 30 osób, które chorują na nadciśnienie tętnicze i 30 osób, które nie chorują, czyli osoby zdrowe. Wnioski W grupie badanych poziom wiedzy dotyczący czynników mających wpływ na występowanie nadciśnienia tętniczego jest wysoki zarówno wśród chorych jak i zdrowych. Większość chorych z nadciśnieniem tętniczym prozdrowotny tryb życia kojarzy z prawidłowym żywieniem, unikaniem alkoholu, paleniem tytoniu, brakiem stresu i racjonalnym odpoczynkiem. Wśród działań profilaktycznych zarówno chorzy jak i zdrowi proponowali podobne postępowanie. Dyskusja Wiedza pacjentów na temat nadciśnienia tętniczego i jego skutków może mieć wpływ na skuteczność leczenia. Niezmiernie ważna powinna być edukacja zdrowotna pacjentów przez personel medyczny, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem samokontroli ciśnienia tętniczego przez chorych. Podsumowując należy stwierdzić, iż z uwagi na duże ryzyko wystąpienia powikłań, zarówno leczenie, jak i profilaktyka nadciśnienia tętniczego mają duże znaczenie. Słowa kluczowe: nadciśnienie tętnicze, styl życia, profilaktyka Admission Epidemiological studies show that cardiovascular diseases are at the forefront of diseases affecting Polish society. Despite advances in modern medicine, every second person experiences acute or chronic cardiovascular complications. Purpose of research The purpose of this study was to assess patients' knowledge of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Materials and methods The paper used the method of the diagnostic survey, within the framework of the survey technique, and as a research tool - questionnaire survey of its own author. The survey was conducted June - August 2015 in the Independent Public Health Care Team in Włodawa. 60 people participated in the study. The group was divided - 30 people with hypertension and 30 people who are not sick or healthy people. Conclusions In the study group, the level of knowledge about the factors influencing the occurrence of hypertension is high both among the sick and the healthy. Most patients with hypertension have a healthy lifestyle associated with proper nutrition, alcohol avoidance, smoking, lack of stress and rational rest. Among prevention activities, both the sick and the sick proposed similar treatment. Discussion Patient knowledge about hypertension and its effects can affect the effectiveness of treatment. Medical education should be of paramount importance for medical staff, with particular attention to the self-control of blood pressure by patients. In summary, it is important to note that due to the high risk of complications, both treatment and prevention of hypertension are important. Key words: hypertension, lifestyle, prevention

Kravchenko V. V. Historical aspects of the development of public-private partnership in the countries of the world and Ukraine. Feasibility of using PPP mechanisms to optimize secondary outpatient. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(7):1295-1309. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1208046 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5387 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.07.2017. Revised: 02.07.2017. Accepted: 31.07.2017. Historical aspects of the development of public-private partnership in the countries of the world and Ukraine. Feasibility of using PPP mechanisms to optimize secondary outpatient V. V. Kravchenko Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education Abstract Introduction. Today, in the face of failure of funding and absence of a radical change in the country, the current situation is ineffective health care system. The need for solving these tasks made necessary the development of complex of measures that go beyond the competences and financial capabilities of the State and share sectors, which allowed to establish the Institute for public-private cooperation. Objective: to study historical aspects of development of private partnership in the countries of the world and Ukraine. the feasibility of using PPP mechanisms to optimize secondary outpatient care. Materials and methods: the research performed using the method of the system approach and analysis. Information Base for its implementation have become scientific papers of foreign dealers. The results of the study. The research found that in the world formed the successful experience of wide use and high level of development of mechanisms for public-private partnerships. The transition to using PPP mechanisms in the system of secondary outpatient care, in particular, in the Organization of work of the consultative-diagnostic centers, will greatly improve the situation through the use of additional investment, optimize costs and creation of conditions for technological leapfrogging and sustainable development of CDC, will create conditions for efficient address use of resources, improving the accessibility and quality of care to the population. Keywords: world practice of public-private partnerships, consultative-diagnostic center, accessibility, quality.

Szwajdler Paweł. Tax jurisdiction and E-Commerce. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(6):685-704. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.889850 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4813 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 03.06.2017. Revised: 20.06.2017. Accepted: 30.06.2017. Jurysdykcja podatkowa w przypadku działalności gospodarczej w branży e- commerce Tax jurisdiction and E-Commerce Paweł Szwajdler Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Abstrakt Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie kluczowych koncepcji dotyczących jurysdykcji podatkowej w odniesieniu do podmiotów prowadzących działalność gospodarczą w branży e- commerce. Głównym zadaniem postawionym sobie przez autora niniejszego opracowania jest krytyczna ocena rozwiązań jurydycznych, idei doktrynalnych oraz propozycji podnoszonych na forach międzynarodowych dotyczących władztwa podatkowego wobec przedsiębiorstw internetowych. Przed przejściem do głównych zagadnień poruszanych w niniejszym artykule przedstawione zostaną definicje pośredniego oraz bezpośredniego e- commerce. W toku dalszych rozważań podjęta zostanie problematyka jurysdykcji podatkowej zarówno w przypadku podatków dochodowych, jak i podatków konsumpcyjnych. W ramach omawiania zagadnienia wskazanego w zdaniu poprzednim zastosowane zostanie kryterium podziału oparte o różnice pomiędzy bezpośrednim oraz pośrednim e-commerce. W podsumowaniu przedstawione zostaną wnioski dotyczące słuszności zastosowania zasady jurysdykcji państwa przeznaczenia w odniesieniu do podatków konsumpcyjnych. Autor zwróci także uwagę, że warto byłoby rozważyć wprowadzenie w oparciu o wiedzą techniczną z zakresu informatyki regulacji prawnych umożliwiających powiązanie osób fizycznych oraz prawnych -rezydentów określonych państw z przedsiębiorstwami z branży direct e-commerce. Abstract The aim of this work is to show main ideas related to tax jurisdiction with reference to e- commerce. The author is going to evaluate legal solutions, scientific ideas and proposals of international organizations, which concern subject of this paper. In the beginning of the work, the author presents notions of direct and indirect e-commerce. The work also deals with tax jurisdiction in relation to income taxes and consumption taxes. The above-mentioned issues are discussed in relation to direct and indirect e-commerce. The author assesses positively regulations, which apply destination principle to consumption taxes. Furthermore, it is submitted that it is worth to consider entering into force regulations, which let find connection between persons and direct e -commerce enterprises so as to determine tax jurisdiction. Słowa kluczowe: E-Commerce, Jurysdykcja podatkowa, Bezpośredni e-commerce, Pośredni e-Commerce Key words: E-commerce, Tax jurisdiction, Direct e-commerce, Indirect e-commerce

StreszczeniePraca ma na celu identyfikację modelu odwzorowującego efektywne współdziałanie w pozycjonowaniu gry (przyjęciu zagrywki – podaniu) w piłce siatkowej. W pracy wykorzystano oryginalną metodę badawczą zwaną pragmatycznym studium unikatowych przypadków. Badania obejmują obserwację zespołu narodowego Stanów Zjednoczonych w grze podczas Igrzysk Olimpijskich w Rio de Janeiro 2016. Na podstawie obserwacji oraz wykorzystania autorskiego arkusza obserwacji przyjęcia zagrywki udało się zidentyfikować pewien model odwzorowujący efektywne współdziałanie w przyjęciu-podaniu zagrywki, oparty o kryterium dokładności współdziałania oraz elastyczności współdziałania. Na podstawie badań można też stwierdzić, że istnieją różne modele współdziałania w tym elemencie, które stosują drużyny o największej efektywności sportowej. Modele te różnią się od siebie. Praca ta skłania do przemyśleń na temat identyfikowania współdziałania w grach zespołowych i zachęca do prowadzenia dalszych badań w tym temacie. AbstractPurpose: The paper is aimed at identification of a model which shows the effective cooperation in the game positioning (exactly in receiving-passing the ball) in a volleyball game.Design/methodology/approach: The original research method is used in this thesis which is called pragmatic unique case study. The research is aimed at observation USA team playing volleyball during The Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro 2016. Findings: There is a cooperation model in receiving and passing the ball among USA volleyball team players found, based on the observation. There are also other cooperation models used by teams. Research and practical limitations/implications: Based in the research I can tell that there are different models of cooperation in the game positioning in volleyball. The teams which are the most effective use different models of cooperation while playing. Originality/value: The paper is original and leads to think about the identification of the process of cooperation in team games. More research in this field is recommended.