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Architecture was initially defined as the functional art specialized in the concept of shelter. However, over time, deeper ideas emerged emphasizing the importance of producing creative and distinctive architecture that possesses beauty and humanity. Architecture became the material embodiment of a manifested message. With the advent of the digital revolution, a new thought and philosophy known as digital forms emerged, spreading widely across various fields, aligning with the requirements of the present era and its evolving trends. The research problem revolves around the insufficient awareness of different patterns in architecture and their relationship with architectural form. The paper aims to enhance this relationship by integrating digital architectural mechanisms into the design process, utilizing this connection to creatively produce architectural forms. The research assumes that establishing a relationship between pattern, form, and digital architectural mechanisms, harnessing them to generate architectural shapes in different ways, may contribute to creating innovative architecture. The research paper is grounded in the primary goal of identifying methods for deducing architectural form and its relationship with architectural references. This is achieved by presenting various patterns and mechanisms used in deducing form and their impact on creating distinctive architecture. The descriptive-analytical approach was employed, exploring different concepts and analytical examples to reach results and recommendations. One of the key recommendations is the necessity of revisiting the essence of architecture as a cognitive source containing a vast number of principles adaptable to the era's variables. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of addressing the concept of pattern and its relationship with other architectural elements to enrich architectural thought and produce more distinguished architecture. The utilization of digital methods in producing architectural forms is highlighted to achieve more distinctive shapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing Engineering Systems (MEP) Play a Major Role in Enabling Hospitals to Perform their Functions, and in the Comfort, Safety, and Security of their Occupants. They Affect each other and Influence the Design and Execution of the Building’s Architectural and Structural Elements, including the Layout, Elevations, and Plans, in addition to Aspects Pertaining to Structural Systems or Shafts, and Interior Finishes. The Paper Problem is Apparent through the lack of knowledge Relating to the Requirements of different Engineering Service Systems, and the Unawareness of their Impact on each other or on the Architectural and Structural Elements of the Building. This limits Fully Benefiting from such Systems due to Conflicts between them and the Architectural and Structural Elements, in addition to Hindering Making Appropriate Design Decisions related to Operating them causing Deficient Coordination. This Paper Aims to Develop a Methodology for Achieving Integration between Types of Engineering Service Systems and the Architectural and Structural Elements of Hospital Buildings, Leading to Design Decisions that can Attain the Highest Benefit from such Systems and Ensure their Operational Safety according to their Types, Internal Components, Functional Requirements, and their Impact on the Design Decisions for all the Structural Elements of the Building. This is Performed based on a Theoretical and Analytical Study of the Types and Components of Engineering Service Systems (MEP) and Determining their Impact on the Structural Elements and Architectural Components of the Building. The Paper proposes a Methodology that Comprises 12 Stages to Achieve Integration between Engineering Systems and the Structural and Architectural Elements of the Building, according to the Types and Requirements of each System and its Impact on Design Decisions. A set of Tables are also Developed that Represents a Guideline and include Alternatives to the Different Types of Engineering Systems, their Requirements, and Highlight their Impact on the Structural and Architectural Elements of the Building, including the Layout, Plans, Elevations, and Interior Design Elements, in addition to their Relation to other Engineering Systems. The Results also Highlighted the Large Diversity of Types of Mechanical Systems, and the Significant Influence of Electrical Systems on all other Systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socio-cultural sustainability represents one of the important pillars of sustainable development. As one of the fundamentals targeted by Saudi Vision 2030, it aims to achieve sustainable development that enhances the living standards of citizens and improves the quality of their lives. This necessitates the provision of Saudi housing that achieves socio-cultural sustainability, to ensure it reflects the culture of the Saudi society, its social characteristics, and fosters a sense of stability and belonging, while also strengthening community ties. Especially since the contemporary Saudi housing model, heavily influenced by the social and cultural backgrounds of the places from which it was imported, is an adopted model. Therefore, there is a need for socio-cultural sustainability criteria in Saudi housing, which should serve as a reference for all design, review, and evaluation work. However, establishing these standards requires initially identifying the fundamental factors from which the criteria will be derived, through a conceptual framework that includes all elements, components, references, and applications necessary for building the model. The study aims to identify the most important factors influencing the derivation of criteria for socio-cultural sustainability in Saudi housing. Hence, the paper is based on a methodology that combines the analysis of current literature and the study of elements of socio-cultural sustainability, and how they are applied in the Saudi context, particularly in the city of Riyadh. It reviewed all concepts of socio-cultural sustainability in housing, its principles, and objectives, deduced its general characteristics and attributes, and reviewed their compatibility with the characteristics of Saudi society. It also identified the pillars of socio-cultural sustainability in Saudi housing (both traditional and contemporary), to then integrate the findings to arrive at the fundamental factors for deriving standards of sociocultural sustainability for use in planning and designing housing in the city of Riyadh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The architectural design patterns of buildings have varied throughout the ages according to economic, social, cultural, and other variables to suit the function of the building, the design module is one of the most important means that organize and arrange the architectural design to enhance its functional, structural, and other performance. This research paper studies the concept behind the module and the analysis and classification of its types in the design of interior spaces, mass formation, structure, and composition of architectural. The research aims to reach a criterion for selection of the appropriate module, especially in the processes of development and elevation, to avoid the scattering that occurs in the mass formation, the structure, the composition of architectural, as well as the interior spaces. In addition, the research aims to help to coordinate the urban spaces of the architectural group to achieve integration between them and the mass, space, and elements of formation to raise their efficiency, especially those created in different periods. The research paper concluded that the provision of treatments and solutions using the architectural module, and methods of architectural integration to reach integrated buildings that optimally achieve the objectives and meet their function . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Elements of landscape of vegetation or water cover or complementary elements (floors, umbrellas, etc.) are among the factors related to the local climate to achieve thermal comfort for humans in hot desert environments, which are exposed to high temperatures, bright sunlight, and undesirable strong winds. The research problem appears in the lack of accurate identification of the links between the elements of landscape and the achievement of thermal comfort within Egyptian universities (Assiut University, Old Sohag University, New Sohag University at Al Kawamel, and Qena University) in desert environments, which includes proper selection of elements and precise identification of the materials used in them in a way that reduces the effects the negative climate on users and the lack of full use of its potential to achieve thermal comfort, This paper aims to determine the role that the elements of landscape can play in achieving thermal comfort in university sites in desert environments, and then maximizing the use of these elements in reducing the negative effects of climatic elements in universities, while specifying the proposed interventions (whether by increasing, adding or deleting and replacing) the elements of landscape the new Sohag University at Al Kawamel to achieve thermal comfort as a model for dealing with universities in Upper Egypt and as a mechanism for dealing with similar universities, based on the descriptive, analytical and deductive approaches. The research has reached results that define the specifications of the suitable elements of landscape for climatic factors in hot environments, including evergreen plants with high leaf density, moving water, floors that allow permeate water, multiple bumps walls, hollow backing benches, and curved or broken surfaces or covered with solar cells umbrellas. Monitoring the elements of landscape in some universities of desert environments and indicating the extent of their availability through field visits, the interest in plant elements and the neglect of water and complementary elements, and the degree of their impact on achieving thermal comfort, determining how to benefit from it in Egyptian universities comprehensively related to plant elements, such as the use of perennial green spaces, planting trees over green spaces, using plant fences with creating a green belt around the university, using moving water elements, loose floors, interlocking tiles with shading, wood material for seats and umbrellas with seat shading, then the need to pay attention to activating the role of the architect in coordinating university sites to solve environmental problems by choosing the right elements for landscape to achieve thermal comfort in desert environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge management is one of the latest administrative concepts because of its human and intellectual capital, and it represents the basis on which project management and development are based and the basis of competitive advantage in construction companies. This is what causes managers and building experts to light and attention to managing knowledge to improve performance and better practicing the construction industry. However, many construction companies, especially medium and small enterprises, still do not effectively manage knowledge, with much lost financial burden and waste much experience, information, and knowledge without realizing the importance of lost knowledge and also what it takes to redefine lost knowledge. Therefore This paper aims to study the role provided by knowledge management to improve the performance of construction companies by reviewing the relationship between knowledge management and improving the performance of construction companies in the light of the available literature and previous studies using the descriptive analytical approach to stand on two main axes for any knowledge system applied in The two construction companies are: the effective supporting factors in the knowledge management systems, and the second is the obstacles facing the implementation of the current knowledge management systems. The result of the study is that supporting the culture of knowledge management, support from senior management, supporting information technology, and training continuous of employees are among the most important critical success factors shown by previous field studies. The obstacles differ according to the work environment and place of study. The research hypothesis was confirmed, which is that knowledge management improves the performance of construction companies, as it affects project performance, affecting project performance, company performance, employee performance, and knowledge effectiveness within the company. This research is the nucleus for decision-makers and those working to develop the performance of construction companies and the setters of strategies and knowledge systems to improve performance and achieve the required final output in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the existence of studies that confirmed that the quality of Built Environment (BEQ) is the most important factors that affect the quality of life, and In light of the absence of quality in the Egyptian built environment in one or more of its aspects and its repercussions on the behaviors of people living in it, which led to a decrease in the quality of life in general, this research paper seeks to present a model for a comprehensive framework for assessing the BEQ in general. To achieve this goal, a deductive approach is adopted by analysing built environments rating systems, identifying the concept of quality generally and BEQ, starting with the concept of quality, its aspects, and methods of measurement, and to analyse the current methods of assessing BEQ to check its comprehensiveness, followed by the proposed conceptual framework for assessing BEQ and its basic pillars. As a result, a conceptual framework for assessing the BEQ including its pillars and the mechanism of work was proposed. It could be a base for establishing a system for assuring and assessing the quality of the built environment in Egypt as the paper recommend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egypt's construction sector faces enormous challenges related to the construction phase, the most important of which is a considerable waste of effort, time, and money that may result in increasing the risk of losing projects. Indeed, eliminating such a waste will certainly improve the project performance, thereby enhancing the value of the project stakeholders. The researcher assumes that adopting lean construction (LC) approach is necessary to reduce waste, improve performance, and enhance the performance of the Egyptian construction sector at large. The research relies on a simplified methodology that has several positive outcomes: (1) saving time and cost; (2) boosting quality and safety; and (3) improving management process control, resource management, and relationships between project team members. Therefore, the main objective of the current paper is to examine and analyse the ability of wasteless construction principles to reduce waste in the construction process through an applied case study of a large construction project in Egypt. The study employs lean construction (LC) methodology and utilizes its technologies and tools to reduce waste in construction, particularly at the finishing stage, measuring their effectiveness in achieving the desired goals. The study assumes to have two major contributions: (i) determining the main causes of waste in the Egyptian construction industry; and (ii) applying LC methodology to prevent and eliminate the causes of waste inherent in the construction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multiplicity of activities inside the new Sonbol Mosque in the city of Assiut, including prayers, lessons, and worship, listening to sermons and celebrations of holidays, and all these activities have their own vocal demands. The research paper deals with the study of the acoustics of the new Sonbol Mosque in Assiut city and its acoustic defects. To determine these acoustic problems, the mosque’s shape and size were studied to know the sound behavior inside it, as well as the finishing materials and their effect on sound absorption and its actual and optimal recurrence time and calculating this mathematically using mathematical equations. It has been based on theoretical backgrounds, research and studies that are interested in this aspect. It was also relied on field visits and surveying of the mosque, and monitoring of internal and external noise values affecting it using a loudspeaker (S.L.M) (**). To draw conclusions about the mosque and come up with special recommendations to address this problem, the most important of which were: Re designing the speaker system in the mosque and distributing speakers on the ceiling as much as possible to distribute sound in an orderly manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the importance of social mechanisms as one of key elements for achieving optimal healing environment-OHE for oncology patients' rooms, by examining the reality of some oncology centers that have been shown to focus solely on providing medical treatment without taking into account the social, psychological, emotional and spiritual needs of patients, which in turn negatively affect the treatment of patients and the speed of recovery, especially adolescents and young adults–AYA where the challenges of Emotional and social resulting from cancer with challenges resulting from adolescence and adulthood. This paper aims to extract social mechanisms for oncology patient rooms, and indicate their role and priorities for their application in meeting the needs of patients in the AYA category, mitigating their disorders, and their impact on patients' health outcomes. This paper attempts to reach the best appropriate models to achieve these mechanisms, by analyzing the current situation of selected samples from case study of the South Egypt Cancer Institute in Asyut. Through this analysis, the research paper presents a set of results and recommendations that should be followed to develop patient rooms that take into account the provision of social mechanisms and the priorities of their application depending on the degree of impact of each element in order to reach the optimal setting for the optimal healing environment for the room. This paper relies the analytical descriptive approach to dealing with the research problem by studying the literature that dealt with the characterization and analysis of the needs of AYA oncologists in patient rooms, identifying the disorders and effects of the disease on this group, and thus identifying the appropriate social mechanisms for this group that can be met in the rooms. This was followed by an analytical and introspective approach through the use of various research tools and procedures to analyze the status quo to see how these mechanisms are achieved within different models of patient rooms and how they affect patient health outcomes, and then to analyze the data and results reached. Finally, this paper concludes with a comprehensive chart of social mechanisms’ matrix suitable optimal healing environment for AYA pati [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parametric design is called many meanings, including boundary design, modelling, standard design or variable design all lead to parametric meaning. Parameter design is an architectural approach that uses vocabulary in the light of a set of rules and design patterns that achieve design objectives in the presence of a design idea And research finds that the problem is that such a contemporary approach to design is rarely used in Egypt, although it is widely used around the world and in countries that share with Egypt the cultural heritage, nature and environmental condition, But the complexity of using programming techniques in design without studying or knowing the vocabulary on which the parameter and the associated formation rules depend directly affects design thinking and, in turn, affects the cost because it needs various and modern implementation techniques.. Therefore, the research aims to derive the vocabulary of the parametric approach and to identify the rules and patterns of this contemporary design approach. The paper addresses the different concepts of parameter design, the main principles on which it relies and the basic patterns on which the architect can identify the features of the parameter building. The study found that the parametric approach has been proven to be efficient using various modes of formation and various architectural vocabulary in achieving all design objectives. The research recommends using the benchmark for architectural design equation in identifying and analyzing parametric buildings in light of patterns and rules to reach the parametric vocabulary to achieve different design Features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1990 to date, Aden City has witnessed several changes which have their negative repercussions on the situation of building in residential areas. During that period several building decisions and laws have been made. Some of these decisions and laws have been defective and deficient, as they resulted in the spread of haphazard construction areas and building violations in residential areas as a result of the legislator's neglect of several local and environmental circumstances in the city and the changes that occurred in its residential architecture. This paper is intended to formulate proposed paradigms for developing the building laws and legislations to help manage or reduce architectural and constructional problems in the residential areas of Aden City. The research has come up with a set of findings, the most important of which are the following: The emergence of building laws is associated with the emergence of architecture, the increase in its areas, its expansion, and the difference of its style across ages. With the development of architecture laws developed depending on the conditions and changes of each period as well as on society's continuous need for what would regulate its building situation throughout history. The circumstances of each historical phase that societies witness contribute to defining the features of their architectural paradigms which, in turn, and through their main axes, form a main reference for the rules regulating building in them. The residential architecture paradigms in Aden City can be classified into general paradigms and a paradigm specific to the city (cultural diversity). General paradigms are divided into: typical paradigms that have a fixed influence on residential architecture in the city and atypical paradigms that are changeable over time to adapt to the conditions and requirements of each historical phase witnessed by the city. From these paradigms one can obtain the axes upon which the building laws and legislations in the residential areas of this city that must be based. This research paper deals with the following points: 1. Introduction: The research problem, objective, method, and scope. 2. Historical development of architecture and building laws and legislations as an approach to the formulations of the proposed paradigms. 3. The beginnings of the emergence of residential architecture in Aden City - South Yemen. 4. The situation of building in the residential areas of Aden City under Yemeni building laws and legislations during the period post 1990. 5. The proposed paradigms for developing the building laws and legislations of residential architecture in the residential areas of Aden City. 6. The most salient axes derived from the proposed paradigms. 7. Findings and recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For three decades (since 1990 to date), residential areas in Aden City in the south of Yemen have been suffering from the spread of squatter and imported architectural patterns and building violations. During that period the city has witnessed several changes which have their great effects on the situation of building in residential areas. Several building decisions and laws have also been made. Some of these decisions and laws have been defective and deficient, and some could not be implemented. This research paper is intended to explore the suitable ways that can contribute to improving the performance of Yemeni building laws in the residential areas of Aden City in the light of the positive role of building laws in some Arab cities which could help their urban communities reach a distinguished architectural character in the light of the changes witnessed by their communities. The researchers have concluded some of the ways through which the objective of this study can be attained. Perhaps the most important of these ways are the following: -The building law making stage should be preceded by a set of important measures and procedures such as the development of future studies and strategic policies of urban development, and the development of different programs for characterized and squatter areas (e.g. preservation – promotion) and making laws for them. - Specifying the axes on which laws rest so that some of them form constants and values that characterize residential buildings in Arab cities in general, and some may vary depending on the changes taking place in each of these cities, and incorporating them into law amendments. - The State should have trust in the municipality and give it full authority so that it can prepare its own building provisions manual and monitor the enforcement of laws on the ground by specialists who can take the necessary decision when an emergency occurs during the building operations. - Activating and enhancing the role of specialists through their participation in making laws and their amendments, and forming technical committees and administrations involving them within the municipality to preserve the architectural character and local identity of the city and its cultural and historical dimension, especially in its old district (Old Aden). The present research paper deals with the following points: 1. Introduction: Problem, objective, methodology and scope of the study. 2. The situation of building and construction in the residential areas of Aden City during the stage (1990 till now). 3. The Yemeni building legislations and their most important negative aspects. 4. The situation of building and construction in the residential areas of some models Arab cities under building laws and legislations. 5. The lessons that are learnt from the previous models to improve building laws in the residential areas of Aden City. 6. Results and recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kindergarten buildings have a great role in forming the personality of the child at this age and contributing to the achievement of skills for the child. The development of kindergarten spaces aims mainly to improve the function of the main kindergarten buildings, from which it contributes to achieving the targeted skills of these buildings. The research problem is represented in the lack of clarity of the relationship between the interactive design elements and the skills intended to be acquired by the child inside the kindergarten buildings. This research paper aims at how to use the interactive design elements to support the function of the internal spaces of the kindergarten buildings, using the descriptive approach in describing the basic skills desired in the kindergarten and what It is the role of the interior designer in using and designing interactive elements that contribute to the development, and the descriptive analytical approach in identifying and describing the interactive elements and techniques that can be used within kindergarten classes, then the deductive approach to conclude the relationship between the desired skills from the kindergarten classes and the proposed interactive methods, including access to techniques and methods. The proposed interactive to develop the internal environment of kindergarten buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study gives an ideal vision for developing the internal environment of health buildings in line with the state's vision in developing health buildings for the year 2020 AD, as the health sector in Egypt needs to keep pace with modern trends at the level of health architecture, or what is known as hospital architecture, which is related to the efficiency of the performance of health buildings, especially at the level of Interior design and its impact on the physical and psychological aspects and on the mechanisms of transforming the user experience and its interaction with reality through realizing the vocabulary of interior design. The problem of the research is that there is ambiguity in the relationship between the colors used in hospital rooms and the psychological comfort of patients and their improvement in their health condition, feeling of safety and the effectiveness of employees as well, which reflects the lack of awareness of the indications and the functional effects of colors and the extent of their impact on the users of those spaces. The research paper aims to research the role of colors represented in the interior design elements of floors, ceilings, walls, furniture, lighting, and architectural supplements and their association with patients' well-being and improvement in their health status and the behavior and well-being of the staff of doctors and nurses, which represents the main component of the health performance efficiency "user satisfaction". The research is limited to investigating the visual effect variables only and ignoring other perceptual factors such as acoustics (language, noise), smell (hygiene materials), and taste (food, medicine). The research also deals with focusing on the impact of architectural variables on the color organization of the well-being and behavior of the staff It does not include their health condition. The research ends with determining whether there is, in fact, evidence that different colors make a difference in the patient’s health and the effectiveness of the staff as factors that influence the efficiency of health performance in spaces, and then the possibility of developing a color philosophy or a scheme for choosing colors in the residence rooms depends on certain standards and specifications and scientific reasons that do not take only Considering the psychological and physiological effects, but also the aesthetic effects on the concerned persons in order to achieve the user's satisfaction and thus the efficiency of the performance of those spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of developing professions in society begins with the development of education, and to bring its outputs in line with the changes in the labour market, and the requirements of the labor market have become significant pressures, as the preparation and qualification of graduates in various branches of science and knowledge has become an important requirement for all the professional areas necessary for the labour market, and architectural education is affected as one of the academic and vocational education programs with these changes and developments, where the architectural labour market suffers from the inappropriateness of the architecture graduate in the engineering faculties for his functional Requirements; This paper aims to develop architectural education courses in the Department of Architecture at Al-Azhar University to suit the functional Requirements, so the research conducted a field study (job description form) to account for the functional Requirements of the architecture profession by identifying the career tasks of the architect in Egypt and the knowledge and skills required by using the "DACUM" methodology, and then developing and designing the educational objectives That the graduate needs to qualify for the labor market, the research concluded a series of results to contribute to the development of architectural education courses at Al-Azhar University, in addition to a set of recommendations that can promote architectural education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the first appearance of Sustainable Development approach and its applications in urban development (Green Cities, Eco-Cities, Sustainable Cities), a number of countries worldwide succeeds in achieving good results in this area, as other countries did not succeed in achieving the same results because of many challenges and problems. In this context, this paper seeks to identify the main constraints and challenges facing these countries in this regard, and to establish a set of general frameworks that enable these countries to achieve sustainable cities. The paper relies on five main steps, which are together forming an ascending research line. This line starts with the first step which focuses on paper introduction including research problem description, objectives and the importance of research, research borders, and methodological procedures. The second step is to adjust the research key concepts and terms. The third step focuses on the assessment of the current situation of developing countries' cities in the light of the basics of sustainable cities. The fourth step is to identify challenges facing developing countries in achieving sustainable cities. The fifth step relates to draft a general framework that enables developing countries to bring about sustainable cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently various countries especially Arab ones have been subjected to many catastrophes, whether environmental ones such as air and water pollution or natural catastrophes such as volcanoes or earthquakes and rain or even man-made catastrophes like war and thefts. These catastrophes could affect negatively residential areas which includes valuable heritage buildings that exist numerously in Arab countries. Many of which have been exposed to total or partial demolition which increases the possibility of the annihilation of this great heritage. Research problem: Research problem is that current traditional documentation methods lack the ability to provide means of urban and architectural conservation for heritage buildings against catastrophic events. This is due to that the traditional means of documentation lack focus on the conservation of complete documents whether architectural drawings or information regarding these heritage buildings or areas, which may be utilized in restoration or conservation of these buildings and may assist later on limiting the effect of catastrophic events. Research aim is to specify the means and methods of enhancing the potential benefit that is to be gained from digital documentation of information and data regarding heritage buildings and areas. This is to conserve them during catastrophic events and to clarify the role that digital documentation may play in conserving area and building information to achieve correct architectural conservation for future generations. Research Methodology: The paper applies a theoretical descriptive analytical approach which consists of four main parts, first: A theoretical background describing types of catastrophes and their effects on Heritage sites that are of value. Second: A study of the concepts and methods (tools and systems) of digital documentation for local heritage. Third: Some of the most important International and Arab experiences regarding dealing with digital documentation to conserve Heritage sites during catastrophic effects have been presented. Fourth: Specifying the role that digital documentation could play and how to utilize it for the conservation of architectural heritage against catastrophic events. The paper is ended with conclusions and recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the area of urban planning history, many planning Methodologies have been developed, where systematic systems were done to plan the new cities or to re-plan the existing cities. In the mid-fifties, there were approaches based on the involvement of the society and civic sectors in the planning process. All these approaches were modified and fine-tuned until Strategic planning in the 1960s was appeared and confirmed as a planning approach. Egypt is one of the countries that have followed specific rules in urban planning since the beginning of the 19th century which include the implementation of the comprehensive planning methodology. This was done under the Urban Planning Law No. 3 of 1982 and its executive regulations until 2008, where the strategic planning methodology was confirmed as governmental system for planning. This paper aims to discuss the issue of applying the strategic planning Methodology for Egyptian cities in terms of the incompatibility between the society organization structures and the current Egyptian social culture, as well as the ways of addressing them. Despite the implementation of this type of planning in some European countries had a lot of success. To achieve this aim a case study were done for three Egyptian cities in which Researcher was participated. A questionnaire sheet was designed to survey the opinion of the some consultants which participated in the preparation of the strategic plans for some Egyptian cities. The questionnaire shows the problems and issues that faced the planning Methodology implementation during the planning application process. Therefore a clear vision to avoid these problems is achieved. The paper also try to organize coordination between planning consultants and society civil sectors requirements to overcome problems due to incompatibility between theory and practice in planning methodology for Egyptian cities.A lot of Problems & challenges have appeared when applying the strategic plan approach to the Egyptian city in case of current political, administrative and cultural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable architecture is a tool for designing and constructing buildings in order to reduce the negative effects of the building on the environment and to meet the current needs without ignoring the rights of the next generation. The increasing interest of green buildings in Egypt reflects the awareness of governments, local organizations and architects of the importance of incorporating and applying the comprehensive approach of sustainability in the field of architectural design. The adopting of sustainable buildings rating system is one of the goals of sustainable development in Egypt. Although Egypt adopted a local rating system for sustainable buildings which is "Green Pyramids Rating System", there is no approved buildings by using GPRS however the density of construction activities in Egypt. The literature review shows that, the current sustainable buildings rating system in Egypt cannot be used to conduct a comprehensive assessment during the early stages of architectural design and to reevaluate the building after the construction process. In addition to the administrative obstacles and the negative aspects of GPRS, the research problem includes also the technical challenges and the problems related to people who do the evaluation. This paper investigates the development of sustainable buildings evaluation process in Egypt and the current institutions responsible for evaluating the sustainability of buildings. The main potentials and available chances for developing sustainable architectural design have been clarified. On the other hand, the current challenges which obstacle rating the sustainable buildings in Egypt were clarified. The present paper recommends some suggestions to achieve comprehensive for buildings in terms of environmental, economic and social issues and to encourage the development of materials and construction systems which are environmentally friendly [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aims to create a guide on how to develop existing hotels into smart hotels (special reference for residence rooms). The idea of developing existing buildings in itself is a sustainable and smart approach. To achieve this, use specialized evaluation programs to evaluate the performance of green and smart buildings, and extract the most important criteria that are set in the proposed guide used in the development process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term of sustainability goes beyond applying green architecture strategies. Sustainability refers to techniques which conserve resources, preserve the natural environment, protect local population, and support the principle of justice and equity. Therefore, the achievement of sustainability in the field of construction requires great and multi faces effort to solve the social, economic, and environmental problems. At the local level (Egypt), although there are serious steps toward more sustainable construction industry, many research studies confirmed that the already used system currently in Egypt to rate the sustainable buildings (Green Pyramid Rating system, GPRS) needs to be developed in order to be more effective and usable. There is a great need for developing a rating system for sustainable hotels which can classify hotels in Egypt in terms of sustainability in a comprehensive way starting from early design stages and continue to evaluate the building during and after the construction stage. Therefore, it is necessary to benefit from the systems which are used globally for rating sustainable buildings in order to create a local system by modification of the already existed criteria and to add new criteria in order to achieve a system which meets the local requirements. This research paper suggests a sustainability rating system which classifies hotels in the southern region of Upper Egypt based on improving the local system (GPRS) to be used for classifying hotels particularly because hotels are considered from the most energy consuming buildings and they generate a huge amount of wastes in addition to the increasing awareness of users who consider the sustainable and environment friendly hotels as preferred destinations. The suggested rating system which is Green Pyramid Rating System for hotels, (GPRS-H) is based on using the criteria of the German system (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen, DGNB( by modifying them to be more suitable for the local environment in Egypt in addition to excluding certain criteria which are not consistent to the local context. Additionally, the principle of participation has been applied here to help in determining logic relative weights for the criteria and indicators of the suggested system through conducting a questionnaire for the experts in the field of sustainable buildings. The suggested rating system includes six categories of criteria. The environmental quality occupies the first rank in terms of relative weight, then the economic quality, social and cultural quality, technical quality, planning and construction quality, and site quality. Each category includes some criteria which can be evaluated by using certain indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the scientific revolution and technological development led to the development of architectural trends, where the structure of mosques was affected globally, regionally and locally in terms of design concept, which led to creativity in thinking and innovation in the design of mosques, where the environmental and physical characteristics of the mosque remained constant on the importance of the mosque and its requirements as a place With the change in the concept of design, personality and architectural identity, and the relationship between the mosque and the environment of different urban areas, also led some factors as (environment, society, economy) to convert elements and vocabulary of mosques, these paper aims to read the critical analysis of the impact of the era variables and the sustainable architecture trends to design the mosque concept, monitoring, and analyze and evaluate architectural transformations with the integration between forms, spaces, and the meanings of symbolic expressions, through the elements and vocabulary of the mosques structure types, its role and mission in the Islamic city, also study the principles of the mosques design and its development through (plans, elevations, structural system, details) to derive architectural values and principles and integrate them into a modern architectural style to express the Islamic architectural personality. As an attempt to present an architectural character, values, concepts, aesthetic, social, cultural and environmental standards according to the nature of each society, to explore new horizons for the future sustainability of the concept of mosque design, the research relies on some descriptive methodological methods based on information gathering and highlighting the theoretical backgrounds of the different trends, A comparative analytical approach to the monitoring and analysis of case study samples using of statistical analysis, the results are extracted and graphically illustrated by the graph method and charts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the next decade, an expected urban acceleration will occur in Egypt. The urban population will be increased by 34% more than 2006 ratio. Demographic pressures, rapid urbanization lead to more issues. While cities are growing rapidly in population, their development model is quite different from the Sustainable model. Egypt's 2030 vision for sustainable development has defined the future of Egyptian cities. The urban economy would be grown in more competitive and diversified manner. Therefore, an urban transformation should be taking place to induce the desired sustainable urban development. Our urban areas are in an urgent need for an advanced governance that is able to improve the socio-economical and environmental sustainability. At recent decades, policy-makers and academics, either in developed or developing countries, have focused on smart city concept. ICT addresses challenges and problems related to resource management, sustainable development, climate change, quality of life and improved performance of the city as a whole. This route will present the concept of the Smart City as a radical solution to many urban issues. Such concept is considerd as a revolution in the design and management of urban areas. This paper developped guidelines to manage the urban transformation of Egyptian cities with the drive of Smart City concept to help decision-makers and city managers to prioritize and to develop strategies to achieve the smart and sustainable development of existing Egyptian cities. The study depended on the inductive approach to define the concept of smart sustainable city and related information and concepts. literature review as well as a case study analysis were the methodology to reveal success's factors of urban transformation towards smartness to achieve the desired sustainable urban development. To deduce most important opportunities and challenges as well as to conclud guidelinese, the mental syllogistic reasoning approach was used. The study concluded that urban transition of Egyptian cities towards smartness is possible but its roadmap has many obstacles and challenges. The efforts of all decision makers, governors. academics and stakeholders have to be integrated to suggest and embrace our own initiative smart sustainable city as a prompt and costlyeffective solution towards sustainability. This critical situation demand a self evolution and reconstructuring for municiplities - the key actor. municiplities have to launch smart applications and encourage the participation of all stakholders, in developing goals, priorities, plans, policies, strategies and actions. Municiplities have to look for ingenious ideas to financ the smart city’s intiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of climate change is one of the biggest challenges for the world in the coming years. This phenomenon will affect many cities in Egypt such as Aswan city. The poor thermal performance and the thermal discomfort in urban spaces of Aswan city during the summer period are considered as the main problem of this paper. This problem may be more complicated in the future due to the phenomenon of climate change and its various effects such as increasing of temperature in urban spaces. So this paper aims to evaluate the thermal performance of one of those urban spaces as a first step towards achieving the best condition of thermal comfort in these urban spaces by 2020. This goal will not be achieved without improving the thermal performance of these urban spaces through using various climate control strategies. Also it will not be achieved without redirecting urban designers towards the study of the phenomenon of climate change and its potential impact and put them into consideration when designing their urban spaces. Simulation programs were used to achieve this goal. Also analytical method was used for the analysis of the results that are obtained through simulation software “Autodesk Simulation CFD 2013”, Thermal Comfort Index Calculator and “Ccworldweathergen” program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the importance of providing security and safety needs as one of the main elements that underpin the design and function of health care facilities and provides a safe environment for individuals of users or work crews. In general, health facilities counted as the arteries, which supply societies with life, especially in times of emergency and crisis. Through the review of studies and analysis of some hospital buildings designs in Yemen, some indicators that suggest a defect in the functioning of labor system in providing security needs and safety of this type of facilities, which in turn negatively affects the safety of individuals from patients or visitors, as well as various medical, technical or administrative work crews. The aim of this paper is to analyze the status of selected sample of Yemen's hospitals buildings in Hadramout. Seyoun General Hospital (in Seyoun), and Mukalla hospital for Maternal and Children (in Mukalla) selected as samples for the study in order to identify the availability of security and safety in the design of these hospitals as one of the essential humanitarian needs of the users guided by security and safety standards listed by the World Health Organization. This paper, through these analyses, tries to determine the defects and analyze the problems that resulted from the failure of some these basic requirements that will ensure the safety of users and verify a sense of safety in these kinds of facilities. Accordingly, recognize the most important system elements appropriate to the environment in Yemen, according to local conditions and available requirements (human, technical, technology, etc.). This paper Concludes to develop a comprehensive conception of the main elements and necessary requirements, which can meet the needs of verifying the system in available resources, and determine the need for a detailed formulation to activate the elements of this system in hospitals of Yemen in line with local conditions of the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan signed agreements with the World Bank, Japan and other donor countries to conduct development projects in historic city centers, including As - Salt Historic City Center Development Project, which included the demolition of modern buildings constructed in the sixties and the seventies of the last century. This incorporated the demolition of "Uqba Bin Nafi" school, an international style hybrid built in 1960, in addition to the demolition of surrounding modern commercial buildings, known as "Uqba Triangle", in order to create open urban spaces and some services. This project has attracted criticism from local residents and shopkeepers. Consequently, this paper raises several questions: 1. What is the impact of this project on the local community, functionally, economically and culturally ? 2. Is the project responsive to the needs and priorities of the local community? 3. To what extent did the local community participate in the demolition decision and other aspects of the project? Are they satisfied with the project? 4. Did "Oqba Bin Nafi'" school hold significance and value to the local community thus warranting its conservation rather than demolition? This paper uses a multi - method approach, utilizing statistical analysis, ethnography, and historical methods. The inquiry bases its critique on conservation charters and modern heritage theories, and tackles the status quo through questionnaires, interviews and field observations. The results emphasize the need to have an urban development strategy for the city so that urban heritage conservation projects are part of such a development strategy that is rooted in a community - based vision. This current project - by - project approach leads to projects that are not responsive to the needs of the city and its people. Consequently, the recommendations emphasize the importance of public participation in order to meet people’s needs and achieve better satisfaction. This paper brings to attention the negative urban consequences of the demolition of modern heritage buildings. Often considered nonessential within the historic fabric, the results caution against the undermining of the values modern buildings hold or their role in the urban structure. Finally, the study emphasizes the significance of having a multi - disciplinary team, including economists, social workers, planners and architects. It is important not to overlook the economic and social feasibility of the interventions, and avoid the fixation on the aesthetics of the urban setting to prevent similar negative impacts on the local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the study of internal noise sources in residential buildings and their control measures without resorting to highly complex or expensive methods. Sound levels from most significant noise sources inside dwellings were measured at different frequencies. The effect of furniture elements such as curtains or carpets on noise levels was also measured. The paper then concluded to several solutions to minimize the sound level of these sources and to contain their effect on residents taking in account the technical, economical and architectural capabilities of Egyptian cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A few years ago, human was affected by a new era of information and communications technology. This new era is distinguished by its rapid change in computer systems that have a great impact on communication systems. World now becomes as a small village, Therefore globalization expression appeared and becomes a fact. This rapid communication change influences life style & systems. This is also affects city planning (land use, service structures and standards). This paper will discuss the effect of information and communications technology revolution on the city structure, specially service patterns and standards in new cities. This is will be done through theoretical study which explain globalization, information technology expressions, meanings, theories. Discussing the latest tools of communications, internet revolution, vertical reality, electronic space and all modern tools in this direction. The theoretical study conclude the impact of information technology on the service standards at new cities for all planning levels, (neighborhood unit , community, city ).A case study is done which depends on selecting three cities in different decades , starting from 1980-1990 period, 1990-2000 as second period and finally 2000-2010 as third period This selection depends on some cities which be planned at the period which before the appearance of information technology. The second period which will be at the appearance of information technology. The third period will be after the beginning of this revolution and its effects will be appeared. Comparing the services standards for these cities at every period for different planning levels will conclude the impact of information technology for every kind of services (education, religious, commercial, social, social, health, recreational, administration, and cultural services) will be concluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past, old Arab cities had a strong identity and distinctive urban and architectural characteristics. Nowadays, some of those characteristics are still visible in the historical urban texture showing Arab architecture’s great adaptability to environmental and social circumstances. However, the rapidly changing lifestyle can affect urban form and built heritage of those cities, that’s why redevelopment and reconstruction projects pose a real threat to city’s identity. Therefore, this paper aims to observe the change in urban identity of Aleppo city through analysing the result of modern interventions to achieve a better understanding of what causes the transformation of urban identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital tools are considered the industrial technology of urban computing, it aims to design interactive urban spaces which enable people and help them to practice socio-cultural aspects of their daily life. It reflects their identity and boosts their local sense of place. So, rethinking to integrate digital tools into the public urban spaces in Egypt will introduce new trends and innovative approaches in urban design, and it will enrich the design process. It has provided a new interactive experience in the urban environment. So, this paper studied the influence of the digital applications on the interactive experience to study their impact on the livability and vitality of urban spaces, in addition, to construct the design guidelines of digital interactive space. Thus, both the plaza of Arabian and Cairo Festival malls were selected as case studies to investigate the ability to accommodating of urban spaces in Egypt to the technological impact, by observing and determining the optimal places to integrate digital equipment and studying the correlation between the engagement within space and the criteria of vital urban spaces using SPSS. This study has proposed the framework to design the digital interactive urban spaces in Egypt, which is a means of making the interactive digital pattern an effective component in the urban design and has deducted the criteria to evaluate that spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increased interest to understand and evaluate travel patterns and behaviors, as an attempt to understand travel choices and to identify priorities for interventions. Factors affecting travel choices and behavior were divided into two main groups: nonurban factors and urban factors. This study examined the effect of some various land-use factors on the behavior of the inhabitants of Assiut city-Egypt and measured the preferences of users for special and alternative modes of mechanical mobility in an attempt to determine the required and urgent development priorities to improve transportation services and change travel behaviors toward sustainability. The study was based on an analytical descriptive method. The database was derived from a field study of Assiut city during the period (January 2017 to March 2017). The data were collected through: urban survey of the urban environment supporting the mobility style and behavior of the respondents, in different neighborhoods in Assiut city. During the same period, the researchers distributed a questionnaire at work centers, educational services and some commercial services sites in Assiut. The relative weights for factors limiting the use of alternative means by individuals as well as factors encouraging individuals to use alternative means of transport were determined. The study concluded that mixed land use alone is not enough to reduce mobility and to encourage individuals to move without using mechanical or motorized ways. It should be accompanied with a balanced diversity distribution of services with access by multiple means of transport. In addition, the use of mixed and diverse land use and the shortness of travel distance has a stronger impact on the quality and efficiency of pedestrian corridors and their transit areas on increasing pedestrian mobility, while the quality and efficiency of the cycling infrastructure has been found to be more effective than the limited mobility of bicycles. People's behavior and choices are affected primarily by the quality and efficiency of transport services provided, rather than by mobility costs, and the need to combine pricing policies with urban and planning procedures to change mobility behaviors and to lead to more sustainable behaviors. The paper concluded with a set of recommendations on sustainable mobility and land use in an integrated framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of implementation methods should be consistent with local capabilities in labor and equipment available, but must work on providing technology for building compatible with the surrounding environment economically and technically as especially sites of special nature, such as Toshka - Egypt, that are have environmental properties and natural special, which requires taking into account the link between importance of the selecting execution methods in the construction of buildings in general and housing in particular in this region. In this Framework paper choose the appropriate technological means to build for individuals with limited incomes, socially and economically in such areas and by which involve people in physical and technical execution, along with the effective presence of engineering departments that planned, implemented, supervised, and as alternative solutions for traditional systems of bearing walls and structural buildings, including supporting the structural shift for the better, research follows monitoring and analysis approach by collecting information, characterization and analysis in order to conclude the current problems of the methods execution used in the area of Toshka and then try to reach alternatives appropriate environmentally development and implementation in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies Al-Saleh Housing Project as a new model for affordable housing delivery for the low-income group in Yemen. The first phase of the project comprised construction of 5,018 housing units (apartments) with total built up area of 430,890 m2 , distributed in eight governorates. To highlight the housing solutions that came out of the project, the research methodology included, along with the analytical and evaluation study of the project, the collection and analysis of data related to the existing housing status, former public housing projects and the involvement of the private sector in housing activities. It was found that, Al-Saleh Housing Project provided practical solutions to make housing units affordable and suitable for the majority of the low-income beneficiaries, in technical and financial aspects, i.e. quality, appropriateness, low-cost, ease payment …etc. The project also established a wider and more comprehensive housing stage than their predecessors and has continuance measures. The study reached to the importance of a continuous delivery for affordable housing through a housing policy that needs to take into account the integration and empowerment of the private sector as a key partner in housing supply, and to arrange for the development of a regulatory framework for housing, as well as national engineering norms to guide and control the quality and safety in implementing the low-cost housing buildings. At the end, these arrangements are intended to lead to the growth and development of housing trade, as a feeder to the sustainable development in all Yemeni cities, in the direction of the housing problem solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The planning of Industrial areas in new cities in Egypt has their special design standards stemming from the needs of the society, its economy and climate characteristics. However, it can effectively take advantage of the experiences of the developed countries in this field; either condition was similar or different to get to the environmental sustainability of these cities. As the Arab Republic of Egypt suffers from blurred vision in industrial zones and new urban planning, so paper deals with the study of industrial zones in the new Egyptian cities and their environmental problems and developing proposals for achieving the environmental sustainability In order to achieve the aim of the research was presented a different method of environmental assessment, such as matrix foundations and environmental standards and the African city index and index Dimension, to evaluate the industrial zones in the cities. And then try to access a methodology in the context of the most important determinants influencing the performance of the region as a whole and of energy, water, and transport emissions, air, waste and resources.. The research has come to the positives and negatives for the new cities, of the Arab Republic Egypt and put the necessary recommendations to take advantage of the positives and avoid the negatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To become the hospital Building project is succeeded، it should be protected it from exterior noise، the protection process include acoustics studies، hospital site selecting is suitable to noise allowance limited، and studying a noise element as one of factors which effect in hospitals planning and design. The study aims to find a means can reduce the noise at Einshams hospital site (located at one of the most crowded streets in Cairo is named Elkaliafa elmamoun street. Systematically it is followed to reduce t neglected effects on the patients، employers، and staff members. To reach the aims، it can follow as:1- data collect and noise levels measure by S.L.M. 2- the measurements analyse to assess noise effect at the site. 3-the suitable solutions and treatments suggest to reduce the noise levels، and then they is examined by software program. They are as: direction the form to the noise source- choosing and changing the form- buffer zone and distance-construction a noise wall. The paper ends with a number of planning and architectural criteria which should be taken into account to reduce the influence of outdoor noise at the hospital site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Evidence Based Design ( EBD ) has become the fastest growing trend in healthcare development . It is a field of study emphasizing credible evidence to influence design. The paper deals with the EBD of "patient rooms" as one of the most important therapeutic elements of the environment inside a healthcare building. It examines the efficiency of care environment for patients, the feedback through the patient satisfaction and orientation towards the future design of patient rooms where the built environment will continuously need to be developed due to possible changes in medical technology. Some of the world proposal designs for patient rooms were studied as "Future's Patient Room". Factors associated with the room design were taken into consideration to gain access to a range of features for evidence-based design for maximum safety and optimality. An analytical study was carried out for some of patients rooms in Soin medical Center in Ohio, USA as an international case study. The field study investigated a range of patient rooms in Mansoura University hospital as well as in the the Urology and Nephrology Center-Mansoura University. Justifications for choosing the case studies were clarified, and the design of patient rooms were analyzed. The study includes evaluation of the most important features of each room through clarifying aspects of the EBD. Concluding comments are fomulated aiming to create more efficient health care environment and to improve patient and staff well-being, patient healing, stress reduction and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Historical area in Jeddah has heritage buildings since the beginning of the Islamic era, and it is considered one of the most important cities which lies on the coast of the red sea. Recently it has been its accession to the world heritage list of UNECO in the June 21/2014 AD. The Historical area has been hit by several negative factors like: Neglect severe, encroachment, loss of identity, visual pollution, neglect of the site format, and no doubt that this factors make the Historical area and traditional environmental inability to sustainability, which requires from us to think about a holistic approach use it to develop the historical area, not looking at the problems partially. So ,The paper aims to develop an integrated strategy for the possibility of achieving sustainable development and quality of life in the historical area, Through the interest in addressing the environmental aspects, sustainability of the roads, sustainable building, the provision of appropriate green space and attention to the external surroundings of heritage buildings that reflect the value of heritage area , tourist importance not only for future generations but for non-citizens in all parts of the world which is that make it more sustainable. The research methodology: First: the inductive method: is the theoretical background to show the sustainability of the heritage cities and urban environmental aspects of treatment by a special state after the adoption of the historic area of Jeddah World Heritage area Second, the analytical method: through the documentation of the current status of World Heritage areas in Jeddah (Mazloum lane and part of the Sham lane) and an analysis of the features of architectural and urban character of the heritage area Third, the approach applied: consists in the possibility of applying an integrated strategy aimed at developing environmental heritage of Jeddah from the perspective of sustainability to achieve: (a heritage area of environment-friendly). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solid waste is considered a separate environmental problem, since it leads to the pollution of the environment, if it is not recycled and reused. Qena Governorate in Upper Egypt, is one the most governorates exposed to the population increase problem, counterbalanced by income level, consequently it demands Urban Development in its desert back, besides the climate of Qena governorate is continental, i.e. very hot in summers and very cold in winters, therefore it necessitates to insulate buildings with natural inexpensive insulating materials affordable for the population. Hence the importance of this research is to illustrate the importance of benefitting from the solid waste recycling in a healthy manner, and the preservation of environment in a sustainable manner, so as to achieve sustainable development of resources, in order to over come the phenomenon of pollution and global warming. Altogether through the production of local building materials friendly to the environment and heat-insulating, suit the hot regions in general, and the villages of Qena governorate desert back in particular. The research illustrated sugar cane straw and paper blocks (as an example of such an alternative type of the traditional construction materials), which do not require in their manufacturing processing advanced techniques and it can be manufactured manually in the site and does not require high-tech manufacturing, and it also can be manufactured in factory, such blocks distinguished by its good thermal and acoustic insulation as well as its light weight, and consequently the phenomenon of environmental pollution can be reduced or even eradicated, in addition to reducing the cost of housing, these materials can be benefitted from once again in the post-construction phase.( Post-age of the building). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in humanitarian needs over time and the consequent change in their activities are essential to the formulation of sustainable urban design. The daily commercial services in the residential areas witness major change with respect to the change in social economical level of residents forming the urban context. Where changes in various activities &services provided to different residential areas were documented constantly over time, however the difference was evident in the form and formulation of the daily commercial services as it is the primary daily activity practiced by residents within various economical patterns. This research paper addressing changes in formulation of daily commercial services within residential areas according to the resident’s economic pattern beneficing theses services. The influence of economic pattern on the implementation of urban sustainability concepts and aspects to the daily commercial services was generally monitored, also a specific sustainable development elements for daily commercial services were formulated according the residents economical pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the concept of dynamic architecture - the fourth dimension "TIME" as a new concept in the contemporary architecture، where the movement happens in the design, either objectively in the visual field, or mentally in the process of cognition, where producing the mental movement "static" of the order of the design elements sequentially, by simulating the dynamic movement but at rates less, It depends on the ability and imagination of the architect on the composition kinetic to the mass, The objectivity movement "dynamic" taken it the many of architects partial ways in the past by dealing with degrees of the technological advances by then, out that appeared in this century more advanced, which allowed for some architects to achieve their visions and their dreams for the future architecture, it represents a new vision of the aesthetic concept of the human، in terms of rotation of the buildings around itself to provide the panoramic views and fully perception of the outside to enjoy the environment, to become a dynamic moving architecture features it change in time per unit, to give a new aesthetic dimension to architecture, it is the fourth dimension in the design process," time". And it is raising quality of the architectural design and strength space it, in addition to being distinctive building inside the urban surroundings، which aims search and is a strong start for other images more advanced in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, trying to searches the extent of the effect of political transitions on the architectural image of the office buildings during the twentieth century and research in books and specialized researches in the study of the correlation between politics and architecture, has been monitoring the effect of successive political transitions during the twentieth century - the british occupation (1882-1952 ) then the July 1952 revolution, then the war of October 1973 architectural image of the office buildings during each period separatel. Hence the back of the effect of the political transitions on the trchitectural image of the office buildings during the twentieth century, and therefore research recommends with the beginning of a new period of political transition in Egypt (after the revolution of 25 January 2011), the establishment of a competent authority office buildings - serve as the educational buildings authority - oversee licenses and the implementatio of the office buildings, and this authority legislation the laws and regulations for the implementation of the office buildings, in accordance with the observance of environmental conditions and the Egyptian identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-Darb Al-Ahmar area is the most important historic areas in Cairo city in order to fit on many archaeological and historical buildings from different eras as well as it includes old buildings and houses with distinct value in style and decoration architecture, the area has exposed to the deterioration and neglect for many years. So the Aga Khan foundation an d other common entities have to intervene in the area in the form of various development programs, and by contributing to the revival and development project of Al-Darb Al-Ahmar area as one of the most important local experiments in the conservation on the historical areas. However, the conservation experiment also did not continue due to several factors led to the deterioration of the area again, and thus this experiment needs to analyze and evaluate to ensure the continuity of intervention policies from the perspective of the three sustainability fields (urban -economic-social). One of the strategic analysis tools has been using - Based on statistics and surveys' the development of Darb El Ahmar community Company conducted by region and personal interviews from researchers with the responsible for the area to monitor the ongoing variables - -which is a quartet analysis (SWOT). Where it can be applied to urban, economic and social fields which are used by many Arab and foreign countries in the s uccessful conservation historical areas projects to ensure its sustainability and it is qualified to indicate the positive and negative experience aspects and thus benefit from it in similar experiences to cons ervation on the historical areas in Egypt. Research problem It appears in the lack of continuity in the experim ent of intervention policies to conservation on Al- Darb Al-Ahmar area of Cairo as one of the value conservation experiments on histo ric areas due to the lack of analysis and evaluation of such experiments in Egypt and the absence of integrated analytical study in previous studies of the area, which focused on clarifying the relationship between the three aspect s of sustainability (urban, economic and social), which appeared in deterioration the area again during the last three years (after the revolution of January 25), W here the focus was on conservation and development only , which requires the analysis of that experience to r each to the indicators contribute in its evaluation . Objective of the research Assessing experiment of historical Al -Darb Al-Ahmar area of Cairo, relying on th e integrated analytical studies that classify interventions policies into three aspects, according to the areas of sustainability and they (the Urban intervention and economic intervention and social intervention), using one of the strategic analysis tools To highlight its advantages and disadvantages, including that it may draw lessons learned from it , and to clarify the extent to which it is to ensure the continuity of similar preservation projects (whether present or future) when to intervene in other historic areas. Methodology of Research Follow this paper the theoretical descriptive and analytical. Research content It is divided into four main parts: first, introduction include theoretical background of the historic al Al-Darb Al-Ahmar area as its features and the reasons that led to the start to intervention experiment in it - Brief of intervention experiment in Al-Darb Al-Ahmar area , and the second: the various intervention policies in the area according to the classification of three sustainability aspects (urban - economic - social). And the third includes the use of strategic analysis tools for the analysis of the three intervention policies in th e area using the quartet analysis (SWOT) and evaluation the positive and negative of the experiment by th e three intervention policies to extract the most important lessons learned from the experiment , and the forth includes a summary of the most important results of the stud y and recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of housing in Egypt is an exacting problem that faces all the strata of the society. It has accumulated over ages due to the bad economic, social and political conditions in Egypt since mid-twenties. The problem of low-income housing is considered one of the greatest problems facing the governments of developing countries particularly Egypt. This is due to the fact that most Egyptians have low earnings. The National Housing Project is considered one of the most important available projects to provide convenient houses for youths. It aims at constructing 500, 000 apartments in the new cities and governorates over a span of six years. This amounts to the construction of 85,000 apartments per year to solve the housing problem. The paper deals with the study and the analysis of the Experiment of New Assiut City in the provision of appropriate low-income housing and an evaluation of the role of the project 'Build Your Home' in the provision of low-income housing. It represents a new style of housing with particular criteria and characteristics that suit those with low earnings. It has been also initiated with new financing measures in an attempt on the part of the government to open up an access for those with low earnings to the housing market. A study of the project in its area of construction has been conducted. The opinions and comments of the dwellers and the organizations concerned have been pursued to check on the participation of 'The New Assiut City' in the provision of low-income housing. The aim of the study also is to see how far the project is suitable for the present and the future needs of the dwellers. The study ends up with some results reached after thorough theoretical and field studies. It has also come up some recommendations of paramount importance that will open new horizons for future strategies to actualize the role of these new cities in the provision of low-income housing and to limit the housing crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at studying the phenomenon of the architectural and urban fields, through analyzing the most important aspects of design and planning phenomenon. The investigation analyzes four essential items: the inter-relation between rural and urban environments, aspects of the ruralization, the problems and solutions trends and finally results and recommendations of the study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To promote and encourage the concept of green architecture, many organizations and bodies have agreed to establish building assessment standards and specifications. Today, many countries use green architecture assessment systems that were already developed by several countries. Some of the expected benefits of implementing assessment standards and specifications are: The move towards applying green building assessment systems in Egypt is a result of dealing with climate related issues. Inefficient energy use and natural resources management and ineffective management of liquid, gaseous, solid and agricultural wastes, as well as sanitary and irrigation water wastes, have a very serious negative impact on the environment that affects all sectors of the State. This necessitated the development of a national Egyptian Green Building Rating System to ensure the realization of our development objectives: to fulfill the needs of the present generation without jeopardizing those of the coming generations, to reduce energy consumption and minimizing costs in the construction sector, in addition to implementing different techniques and methodologies. This paper aims to introduce the green architecture assessment system in Egypt through introducing the Egyptian Green Building Council, the Green Pyramid Rating System [GPRS] and it s assessment criteria. This is done in order to assessing this system through the principles of th e other systems around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]