1. A sensitive environmental forensic method that determines bisphenol S and A exposure within receipt-handling through fingerprint analysis
- Author
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Dongyeop X. Oh, Huichan Lee, Sung Yeon Hwang, Yong Sik Ok, Joo Yeon Oh, Hyemin Yang, Kwang Seon Lee, Min Jang, Jeyoung Park, and Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Subjects
Paper ,endocrine system ,Environmental Engineering ,Chromatography ,urogenital system ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Skin Absorption ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Pollution ,Visual evidence ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bisphenol S ,chemistry ,Phenols ,Fingerprint ,Environmental Chemistry ,Humans ,Sulfones ,Benzhydryl Compounds ,Waste Management and Disposal ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Skin - Abstract
As human beings have been consistently exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) derived from various products, the intake of BPS/BPA to humans has been extensively studied. However, using conventional biological matrices such as urine, blood, or dissected skin to detect BPS/BPA in the human body system requires longer exposure time to them, hardly defines the pollutant source of the accumulated BPS/BPA, and is often invasive. Herein, our new approach i.e. fingerprint analysis quantitatively confirms the transfer of BPS/BPA from receipts (specific pollution source) to human skin only within receipt-handling of “20 s”. When receipts (fingertip region size; ~1 cm2) containing 100–300 μg of BPS or BPA are handled, 20–40 μg fingerprint-1 of BPS or BPA is transferred to human skin (fingertip). This transferred amount of BPS/BPA can still be toxic according to the toxicity test using water fleas. As a visual evidence, a fingerprint map that matches the distribution of the absorbed BPS/BPA is developed using a mass spectrometry imaging tool. This is the first study to analyze fingerprints to determine the incorporation mechanism of emerging pollutants. This study provides an efficient and non-invasive environmental forensic tool to analyze amounts and sources of hazardous substances.
- Published
- 2021