1. Oral Supplementation with Cocoa Extract Reduces UVB-Induced Wrinkles in Hairless Mouse Skin.
- Author
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Kim JE, Song D, Kim J, Choi J, Kim JR, Yoon HS, Bae JS, Han M, Lee S, Hong JS, Song D, Kim SJ, Son MJ, Choi SW, Chung JH, Kim TA, and Lee KW
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Collagen metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 genetics, Mice, Mice, Hairless, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Random Allocation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Transcription Factor AP-1 genetics, Up-Regulation, Cacao, Collagen drug effects, Dietary Supplements, Skin Aging genetics, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects
- Abstract
Cacao beans contain various bioactive phytochemicals that could modify the pathogeneses of certain diseases. Here, we report that oral administration of cacao powder (CP) attenuates UVB-induced skin wrinkling by the regulation of genes involved in dermal matrix production and maintenance. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 788 genes are down- or upregulated in the CP supplemented group, compared with the UVB-irradiated mouse skin controls. Among the differentially expressed genes, cathepsin G and serpin B6c play important roles in UVB-induced skin wrinkle formation. Gene regulatory network analysis also identified several candidate regulators responsible for the protective effects of CP supplementation against UVB-induced skin damage. CP also elicited antiwrinkle effects via inhibition of UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinases-1 expression in both the human skin equivalent model and human dermal fibroblasts. Inhibition of UVB-induced activator protein-1 via CP supplementation is likely to affect the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-1. CP supplementation also downregulates the expression of cathepsin G in human dermal fibroblasts. 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, a major in vivo metabolite of CP, showed effects similar to CP supplementation. These results suggest that cacao extract may offer a protective effect against photoaging by inhibiting the breakdown of dermal matrix, which leads to an overall reduction in wrinkle formation., (Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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