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Bioactivity-guided isolation of a MeOH extract of Aralia cordataled to the isolation of four new ent-pimarane diterpenoids (1–4) and a diacetylene (5) together with 21 known compounds (6–26). Their structures were established based on the interpretation of one- and two-dimensional NMR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations of the new isolates were determined by electronic circular dichroism data analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and Mosher’s esterification method. All compounds exhibited inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50values ranging from 1.1 to 69.4 μM.

Three biogenetically related ent-sauchinone-type lignans (1–3), four 8-O-4′-type neolignans (4–7), a diaryldimethylbutane lignan (8), and a cyclic carbonate (9), along with 12 known compounds, have been isolated from a methanol extract of the aerial parts of Saururus chinensis. The structures of the new compounds (1–9) were determined by analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra, HRESIMS, and ECD data. A putative biosynthetic pathway for the three ent-sauchinone-type lignans (1–3) was postulated. Compounds 1, 7, and 10showed inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells with IC50values of 5.6, 8.6, and 9.2 μM, respectively.

Three new guaianolide lactones (1–3) and four new 9-oxonerolidol glucosides (5–8) together with 20 known compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum. Their structures were elucidated based on the interpretation of NMR, HRESIMS, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data along with acid hydrolysis. Of the isolates, sesquiterpenoids 1–4and 15and flavones 17and 18exhibited inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells with IC50values in the range 0.2–27.0 μM.