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In this paper, we obtain normal dispersive 풩ℒℋ풮 shock waves for ϕ(풥1),ϕ(풥2),ϕ(풥3) dam-break intensity by the nonlinear heat system. Then, we obtain super-fluid normal dispersive 풩ℒℋ풮 shock waves for ϕ(풥1),ϕ(풥2),ϕ(풥3) dam-break microfluidics. Finally, we illustrate thermonormal 풩ℒℋ풮 pressure of ϕ(풥1),ϕ(풥2),ϕ(풥3) wave energy with normal dam-break in shallow water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, three structures (cylinder, square column, and hexagonal prism) of InGaAsP nanowire arrays are designed based on the excellent light trapping effect of nanostructures. The effects of nanowire aperture, array period, and nanowire height on the light absorption properties are simulated and analyzed using the finite-domain time-difference (FDTD) method. The photoelectron emission capacity of the nanowire arrays was also calculated using MATLAB. The results show that the cylindrical nanowire array has phenomenon of resonance enhancement (absorption peak) in the near-infrared band of 820–1000nm, and the shift of absorption peaks can be achieved by adjusting the geometric parameters. Meanwhile, the quantum efficiency is taken to 9.98%. These simulation results provide some reference for the photocathode design of InGaAsP in the near-infrared band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular illnesses are a primary global health concern because they are frequently brought on by arterial stenosis. The complicated hemodynamics of blood flow via elliptically shaped arteries with numerous stenotic lesions along their top and bottom walls are examined in this paper. Carreau fluid model is used with Navier–Stokes equations in this study. The complete comparative study is done by using the Finite Element and Finite Volume Methods. This study uses commercial software to examine blood flow velocity, pressure and temperature distributions under various physiological situations at Reynolds number 30. Our results illuminate the interaction between flow dynamics, stenosis characteristics, and arterial geometry. The novelty of the work is to investigate how stenosis size, shape, and location affect pressure gradients, and flow disturbances. These observations provide helpful direction for understanding disease progression, designing treatments, and possibly new stent designs. The future direction of this research may involve further exploration of the interplay between hemodynamics and arterial stenosis by incorporating advanced computational models. Additionally, studies focusing on in vivo validation and clinical applications could enhance the translational impact of the findings. Collaborations between researchers, clinicians, and engineers may pave the way for personalized treatment strategies and innovations in cardiovascular care based on a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics within diseased arteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is dedicated to the study of optical soliton solutions for the perturbed Fokas–Lenells equation with conformable derivative using the Kudryashov auxiliary equation method. The studied optical solutions include a class of categories, comprising dark, mixed dark-bright, multi bell-shaped, bell-shaped, and wave optical solutions. Furthermore, we analyzed the magnitude of the perturbed conformable Fokas–Lenells equation by investigating the impact of the conformable parameter and the effect of the time parameter on the novel optical solutions. It can be claimed that the current optical soliton solutions are novel and have not existed in the literature. The results obtained illustrate that the proposed method is robust, efficient, and readily applicable for constructing new solutions to a wide range of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations. The results of this study are expected to shed light on the field of soliton theory in nonlinear optics and mathematical physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the adsorption behavior of intrinsic black phosphorus (BP) and BP doped with five atoms of O, Si, S, Cu and Zn on Pb 2 + in aqueous solution was investigated by using the first principle of nature. The formation energy was calculated to be the smallest for Si-doped BP at 2.608 eV, indicating the best structural stability. The adsorption energy was calculated and showed that the doped BP is more capable of adsorbing Pb 2 + than the intrinsic BP, with the S-doped BP having the strongest adsorption capacity of 0.151 eV. The density of states was calculated and showed that the bandgaps of the doped BP are all smaller than the 1.3 eV of the intrinsic BP, indicating that the doping can improve electrical conductivity of the adsorption system. The charge transfer was calculated and showed that S doping, O doping, Cu doping and Zn doping enhanced the ionic bonding between BP surface atoms and Pb 2 + , while Si doping weakened the ionic bonding. The charge transfer of S doping was the largest at 1.371 e, indicating that S-doped BP had the strongest ability to adsorb Pb 2 + . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on first-principles, this paper calculates the structure, electrical properties and optical properties of g-GaN/AlGaN 2D/3D heterojunctions with different Al contents. By comparing the binding energies of different Al contents, it can be concluded that the structure of heterojunction is the most stable when the Al content is 0.5. The band gap of heterojunction widens as the Al content increases. When the Al content is 1, the band structure changes from direct band gap to indirect. Through the study of density of states, it can be found that impurity levels near the Fermi level mainly come from electronic states of N 2p, Al 3p, and Ga 4p. The appearance of impurity levels makes it easier to recombine the electron hole pairs in the heterojunction. The results of optical properties indicate that the heterojunction exhibits better wave absorption performance with the increase of Al content and is more conducive to the propagation of photoelectrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical metamaterials are valued for their diverse properties and potential applications. Due to the instability and large deformability of soft mechanical metamaterials (SMMs), geometric reorganization will occur and lead to some unusual properties. It is possible to change the properties of materials by varying the parameters. Conventional SMMs contain a periodic distribution of holes with the same size and shape, which can be changed to a lesser extent. Periodic dispersion of regular through-hole patterns of various sizes or shapes into elastomers, resulting in metamaterials with more mechanical functionality and deformation scenarios. In this paper, we investigated the influence of parameters on the buckling mechanical behavior of SMMs and the buckling mechanical behavior of structures with multiple sizes and geometric shapes. The parameters studied include geometric parameters (pore shape, porosity and area ratio) and physical parameters (Poisson's ratio and compression mode). Simulation of the buckling behavior of SMMs uses the finite element method. The finite element software ABAQUS is used, taking into account the almost incompressible characteristics of materials, the triangular quadratic plane strain hybrid element is selected (CPE6H). Numerical calculation gives the following results: Area ratio, pore shape and compression mode have obvious effects on buckling behavior, but Poisson's ratio has little effect; the influence of parameters on the buckling critical strains varied for SMMs with various pore shapes; very different buckling behaviors will result from swapping out the pattern of holes with the same size or shape for holes with two different sizes or shapes; the expression of buckling behavior is also varied when the mix of hole shapes is modified. These findings demonstrate that the design parameters may be used to achieve the desired buckling behaviors. This is a new method that can be used to control the deformation of structures; modify the properties of the SMMs without changing stiffness; simplify the structures without significantly changing the material properties. The design path of mechanical metamaterials is increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined heat and mass transfer, the so-called thermosolutal convective problem, has become an attractive field of research in many diversified areas. In this paper, for the first time, oscillatory flow analysis has been carried out for triple diffusive viscoelastic fluid flow in a porous medium. A comprehensive model is developed for the modified Darcy–Brinkman–Oldroyd-B fluid, porous medium, Boussinesq approximation, heat and mass transfer across a finite temperature and concentration difference in the chemical potential of two salts. Triple diffusive viscoelastic fluid flows through porous media have grown significantly as this situation occurs in more than a few applications such as improved oil recovery filtration, liquid complex molding, solidification of liquid crystals, cooling of metallic plate in a bath, exotic lubricants and colloidal solutions, polymer processing, chemical and bioengineering industries, among others. The governing coupled nonlinear partial differential equations with boundary constraints represent the modeled flow problem. In addition, these equations are converted into non-dimensional form by employing suitable non-dimensionalizing quantities. The impacts of the pertinent parameters and related dimensionless numbers on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, concentrations, shear stress, heat and mass transfer are examined for both suction and injection cases. It has been found that when the injection level on the heated plate is increased, the shear rate increases for each channel plate. Furthermore, we recognized that the viscoelastic parameters exhibit an opposite kind of behavior on the velocity, temperature, and concentrations fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on flow structures and thermal fields of the Carreau–Yasuda (CY) nanofluid model through a two-dimensional, wavy, complicated vertical asymmetrical conduit filled with porous elements. Formulations of the viscous dissipation in the case of CY nanofluids are derived and nonlinear radiation flux as well as joule heating are examined. Buongiorno’s nanofluid approach, which involves Brownian motion and thermophoresis aspects is considered. The electrical conductivity of the suspension is considered as a variable where it depends upon the ambient temperature and concentration distributions and the Joule heating impacts are not neglected. The approach of solving the problem is contingent upon converting the system to dimensionless form then the lubrication approach with low magnetic Reynold numbers is applied. Numerical solutions are found for the resultant system, and wide ranges are considered for Weissenberg number We, non-Newtonian parameter n and Darcy number Da, namely, 0≤We≤2, −0.5≤n≤1.5 and 0≤Da≤1.6, respectively. The major results indicated that gradients of the pressure are higher in case of shear thickening (n>1) comparing to in the instance of shear thinning (n<1). Also, the velocity is enhanced, close to the channel’s lowest portion, as the Weissenberg number is growing. The variable electrical conductivity gives a higher mass transfer rate compared to the constant property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the nonlinear fractional Kairat-X equation is investigated on the basis of computational simulation. The nonlinear fractional Kairat-X equation is an integrable equation and is used to explain the differential geometry of curves and equivalence aspects. Several kinds of solitary wave structures of the nonlinear fractional Kairat-X equation are established successfully via the implantation of the extended simple equation method. Here, we explore the interesting, novel and general solutions in trigonometric, exponential, and rational types, which represent periodic wave solitons, mixed solitons in the shape of bright–dark solutions, kink wave solitons, peakon bright and dark solitons, anti-kink wave solutions, bright solitons, dark solitons, and solitary wave structure. The physical structures of secured results, aided by numerical simulation, have numerous applications in applied sciences such as optical fiber, geophysics, laser optics, mathematical physics, nonlinear optics, nonlinear dynamics, communication system, and engineering. This study explores the physical behavior of models through the visualization of solutions in contour, 2D and 3D plots by revealing that these solutions yield profitable results in the field of mathematical physics. The study demonstrates that the proposed technique is more reliable, efficient, and powerful in analyzing nonlinear evolution equations in various domains of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents thorough computational and theoretical analyses of steady forced convective flow over a rotating disc submerged in a water-based nanofluid containing microorganisms. It delves into the examination of boundary layer flow characteristics of a viscous nanofluid, considering Stefan blowing effects and multiple slip conditions influenced by a magnetic field. Notably, the study accounts for novel aspects such as thermal radiation and both constructive and destructive chemical reactions. The movement of nanoparticles is elucidated based on thermophoresis and microscopic behaviors, while changes in volume fraction do not affect the thermo-physical properties of the nanofluid. To address the altered nonlinear set of differential equations, an effective numerical approach, the Keller-Box method, is implemented for critical and efficient solutions. These appropriate transformations are defined and applied. When compared to blowing suction, it shows a better enhancement in the rate of heat transfer, mass, and microorganisms. Some of the main observations are there is a decrease in wall skin friction in the directions of radial and tangential as magnetic field strength is increased. The evaluation of thermal boundary layer thickness and temperature is noted for the radiation parameter (Rd) improvement. The present analysis has applications in electromagnetic micro-pumps and nanomechanics. As to the applications in the science and engineering fields, technologies such as micro-electromechanical systems-based microfluidic devices and microfluidic-related technologies will be accepted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a theoretical exploration of the electronic, structural, and mechanical attributes inherent in three rare-earth-free intermetallic compounds, namely, MnTi, MnZr, and MnHf. Employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the Implementation of projector augmented wave (PAW); our investigation adopts the supercell approach to meticulously determine the structural and mechanical properties of these materials. The findings reveal that MnTi and MnZr exhibit intrinsic ductility, positioning them as viable contenders for applications demanding high-strength structures. In contrast, MnHf demonstrates mechanical instability. This study provides promising insights into the mechanical characteristics of MnTi and MnZr, underscoring their potential as sustainable structural materials, given the abundance and non-toxic nature of their constituents. The research findings presented herein contribute to the understanding of rare-earth-free intermetallics, offering valuable information for applications in materials science and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical engineering models often rely on complex circuit configurations that facilitate the dynamic flow of electrically charged particles within a closed conductive network. These circuits serve as essential tools for simulating and analyzing diverse electrical systems and components. This paper introduces a study on nonlinear fractional circuits modeling through the development of a stochastic neuro-computational artificial intelligent-based solver to address mathematical models governing the Fractional order Caputo–Fabrizio stiff electric circuit model (FO-CFSECM) by manipulating the knacks of layered recurrent neural networks (LRNNs) trained with Gradient-based local search algorithm (GLA). In fractional calculus, the Caputo–Fabrizio (CF) fractional order derivative (FOD) emerges as a powerful instrument, binding its capabilities to deliver remarkably accurate solutions for fractional stiff systems. The objective of this work is to exploit the numerical treatment comprehensively for the dynamics of fractal Resistor–Capacitor (RC) and fractal Resistor–Inductor (RL) circuit models by introducing the CF fractional operator. Through the application of artificial intelligence-based soft computing and advanced back-propagative deep neural networks, a deeper understanding of the behavior and distinctive characteristics inherent in these models is sought. The Levenberg–Marquardt optimizer serves as an efficient training GLA tool for learning of LRNNs weights of fractal RL/RC circuit models. The comparative studies on variants of FO-CFSECM demonstrate that LRNNs achieve an impressive mean square error (MSE) ranging from 10−9 to 10−19 and absolute error (AE) within 10−6 to 10−8. The accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of LRNNs for solving the FO-CFSECM were further validated through MSE, AE, controlling parameters of state transitions, error histograms, and correlation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional surface polishing methods are no longer able to meet the ultra-precision requirements of the high-tech industry for the inner surface of the pipe, but magnetorheological polishing technology is very suitable due to its advantages of high precision, fast controllability and good deposition stability. However, there is even less investigation on the microforce analysis, chaining mechanism and micromodeling methods of magnetorheological polishing fluid (MRPF), and the polishing mechanism of MRPF has not been explored yet. As a step to completely develop the magnetorheological polishing (MRP) technique, this paper proposed the simulation method of MRPF based on particle dynamics, and the shear stress model of magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is optimized under the action of the magnetic field after performing the chain simulation. On the basis of the optimized shear stress model and the hexagonal close-packed structure of MRF, the holding mechanism of polishing abrasive particles is explored for the MRPF and the corresponding holding models are proposed. Then, the shear yield stress models and material removal model are also established for the inner surface polishing, respectively. Eventually, the above theoretical analysis and related models have been verified though the polishing experiment of the titanium alloy pipe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sedimentation immunity is one of the key features of magnetorheological (MR) dampers, which means the lifetime-long service without degradation under the sedimentation of MR fluid. In this paper, an active-dispersing mechanism is established with twin-tube configuration toward the sedimentation immunity, by adding a circulation channel powered by rotating blades between the tubes when the MR damper is not in operation. Finite element (FE) method is employed to reveal the re-dispersion process once the MR fluid settled to a specific degree, and the benefits of circulating channel and twin-tube sedimentation-immunity system for the MR fluid are discovered by the simulation. Ultimately, a self-adaptive system could be built to ensure the MR fluid in the damper keeping in a relative uniform and thus the sedimentation immunity is fulfilled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sedimentation measurement is of significant importance when designing and synthesizing magnetorheological (MR) fluid for engineering applications. Generally, visual observation is always used to discern the mud line position but knows nothing about the concentration distribution under the mud line. The method using electromagnetic scanning is limited by the position resolution because of the height of the inductor, and the method based on thermal conductivity is time-consuming and determines the sedimentation status at a specific location.In this paper, the sedimentation behavior is revealed by the laser transmittance intensity (LTI) method which is based on scattering when the light passes through the MR fluid, the higher the concentration and the stronger the scattering, the weaker the received light intensity. Specifically, the laser diode and the photodiode were utilized as the light source and receiver, respectively.MR fluid samples in a series of concentrations are used to obtain the correlation between volume fraction and photodiode output voltage, and that is taken as the calibration of the sensing method. In the experiments, the scanning with height and the sensing with time are jointly employed to characterize the settling process of a specific MR fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, inscribed non-Newtonian Williamson fluid relaxation and contraction phenomena due to the effect of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is taken into account. This issue is modeled, and precise solutions are handled using a low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. Graphical depiction of the consequences of various parameters on temperature and velocity are provided. It becomes clear that the temperature reactions to increases in Biot numbers are decreased. Considering a cylindrical coordinate system, the impact of various physical parameters on the temperature distribution, velocity, the pressure gradient, and frictional force are secured from the flow for non-Newtonian Williamson fluid exposed from MATLAB. Additionally, it has been discovered that the velocity profile at the tube's center increases for shear-thinning a fluid and decreases for thickening a fluid. Furthermore, the peristaltic walls show the opposite behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relative humidity is an important parameter. The detection and control of humidity is of great significance for agriculture, new material development, biological research and protection, health services and other industrial and agricultural production. In this paper, a micro-nano photonic crystal fiber humidity sensor with U-shaped structure is proposed. Due to its probe structure, this structure can more conveniently realize the detection work. The experiment shows that this kind of optical sensor has good linearity in the humidity range of 42–62 RH%, and can realize the humidity sensing of 27.62 pm/RH%. The detection range of this kind of sensor is relatively wide, and can realize the optical fiber sensing in a larger humidity range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shallow water equations are used to describe the behavior of water waves in various shallow regions such as coastal areas, lakes, rivers, etc. These equations are derived by making simplifying assumptions about the water depth relative to the wavelength of the waves. In this paper, the generalized exponential rational function method (gERFM) is used to construct novel wave solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave ((3+1)-dSWW) dynamical model. These solutions encompass distinct kinds of waves, such as solitary waves, solitons, Kink and anti-kink solitons, lump Kink interactional waves, traveling breathers-type waves and multi-peak solitons. The dynamical behavior of these wave solutions is discussed, examining the influence of free parameters on the resulting wave shapes. Furthermore, to provide a scientific elucidation of the obtained results, the solutions are presented graphically, making it easy to distinguish the dynamical features, which have practical implications in different areas of applied sciences and engineering. The stability of this dynamical model is revealed via modulational instability analysis, signifying that all analytical results are stable. The obtained results show that the given technique is universal and efficient. Through comparing the projected technique with the existing techniques, the obtained results demonstrate that the given technique is universal, pithy and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper demonstrates the way tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow through a vertical cone is influenced by varying viscosity and varying thermal conductivity. This study also seeks to illustrate the impact of convective boundary conditions on a fluid. The mathematical modeling also takes the Darcy–Forchheimer effect into account.Methodology: Using the appropriate similarity transformation, the fluid problem is reduced into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These systems of differential equations are evaluated numerically by applying the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method.Findings: The nature of emergent parameters is examined in relation to the temperature distribution, nanoparticle concentration profile, and velocity profile. An increase in variable viscosity corresponds to a decrease in fluid velocity, while enhanced thermal conductivity results in elevated fluid temperature. The skin friction coefficient, Sherwood, and Nusselt numbers are numerically examined for active concerned parameters. These findings can be put into practice in a variety of fields such as polymer cooling systems and medication.Originality: Existing literature has yet to explore the combination of tangent hyperbolic nanofluids with varying viscosity and thermal conductivity under convective boundary conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variable damping control technology based on intelligent materials of electromagnetic excitation has been widely used in the field of (semi-) active vibration control and fluid control. Unfortunately, a major drawback is the electromagnetic noise interference and low response speed. In this paper, a new optically controlled variable damping system based on PLZT ceramic/electrorheological fluid (ERF) is proposed. The mathematical models of the photovoltage generated by PLZT ceramics and the pressure difference between the two ends of the microchannel are established and verified by numerical simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics. Meanwhile, with the increase of light intensity, liquid flow rate and decrease of microchannel height and width, the pressure difference shows an uptrend. Optically controlled variable damping system based on PLZT ceramic/ERF is a control method with the advantages of a clean excitation source, remote control, no electromagnetic interference, and fast response speed, and has a good application prospect in the field of vibration control and fluid control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores a specific class of equations that model the propagation of optical pulses in dual-core optical fibers. The decoupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation with properties of M fractional derivatives is considered as the governing equation. The proposed model consists of group-velocity mismatch and dispersion, nonlinear refractive index and linear coupling coefficient. Different types of solutions, including mixed, dark, singular, bright-dark, bright, complex and combined solitons are extracted by using the integration methods known as fractional modified Sardar subequation method and modified F-expansion method. Optical soliton propagation in optical fibers is currently a subject of great interest due to the multiple prospects for ultrafast signal routing systems and short light pulses in communications. In nonlinear dispersive media, optical solitons are stretched electromagnetic waves that maintain their intensity due to a balance between the effects of dispersion and nonlinearity. Furthermore, hyperbolic, periodic and exponential solutions are generated. A fractional complex transformation is applied to reduce the governing model into the ordinary differential equation and then by the assistance of balance principle the methods are used, depending upon the balance number. Also, we plot the different graphs with the associated parameter values to visualize the solutions behaviours with different parameter values. The findings of this work will help to identify and clarify some novel soliton solutions and it is expected that the solutions obtained will play a vital role in the fields of physics and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary focus of this paper is the investigation of the truncated M fractional Kuralay equation, which finds applicability in various domains such as engineering, nonlinear optics, ferromagnetic materials, signal processing, and optical fibers. As a result of its capacity to elucidate a vast array of complex physical phenomena and unveil more dynamic structures of localized wave solutions, the Kuralay equation has received considerable interest in the scientific community. To extract the solutions, the recently developed integration method, referred to as the modified generalized Riccati equation mapping (mGREM) approach, is utilized as the solving tool. Multiple types of optical solitons, including mixed, dark, singular, bright-dark, bright, complex, and combined solitons, are extracted. Furthermore, solutions that are periodic, hyperbolic, and exponential are produced. To acquire a valuable understanding of the solution dynamics, the research employs numerical simulations to examine and investigate the exact soliton solutions. Graphs in both two and three dimensions are presented. The graphical representations offer significant insights into the patterns of voltage propagation within the system. The aforementioned results make a valuable addition to the current body of knowledge and lay the groundwork for future inquiries in the domain of nonlinear sciences. The efficacy of the modified GREM method in generating a wide range of traveling wave solutions for the coupled Kuralay equation is illustrated in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hirota's bilinear method (HBM) has been successfully applied to the (2 + 1) -dimensional Pavlov equation to analyze the different wave structures in this paper. The (2 + 1) -dimensional Pavlov equation is used for the study of integrated hydrodynamic chains and Einstein–Weyl manifolds. In our research, we find new solutions in the forms of lump solutions, breather waves, and two-wave solutions. The modulation instability (MI) of the governing model is also discussed. Moreover, a variety of 3D, 2D, and contour profiles are used to illustrate the physical behavior of the reported results. Acquired findings are useful in understanding nonlinear science and its related nonlinear higher-dimensional wave fields. Through the use of Mathematica, the obtained results are verified by inserting them into the governing equation. The strengthening of representative calculations we've made gives us a strong and effective mathematical framework for dealing with the most difficult nonlinear wave problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the numerical solution of the time-fractional Gilson–Pickering equation using the Kansa method, in which the multiquadrics were utilized as the radial basis function. To achieve this, a meshless numerical scheme based on the finite difference along with the Kansa method has been presented. First, the finite difference approach has been utilized to discretize the temporal derivative, and subsequently, the Kansa method is employed to discretize the spatial derivatives. The stability and convergence analysis of the numerical scheme are also elucidated in this paper. Furthermore, the soliton solutions have been acquired by implementing the Kudryashov method for comparison with the numerical results. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to confirm the applicability and accuracy of the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a beam shaping-based method for design of optical imaging lens is proposed. The optical imaging lens is designed with Fresnel diffraction theory to focus light, and the focusing parameters of the lens, such as the number of the foci, the focal length, the size and the shape of the focal spot, and so on, can be set with great freedom. Therefore, the lens has great flexibility in optical imaging, and the imaging resolution can also be varied with the design. The optical imaging lenses possess advantages such as simple structure, compact size, customized imaging effect, and high performance. The proposed method can be extensively applied to the design of flat optical elements and the customized optical imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the theoretical model of the coupling efficiency of BG beams to few-mode fibers (FMFs) in the case of perfect alignment, lateral or vertical offsets, and random angular jitter is investigated and compared with that of sew-mode fibers (SMFs). Under the same conditions, FMF obtains a higher coupling efficiency with the BG beam and flatter response characteristics to deviations from ideal conditions compared with SMF. At the same time, the effects of the half-cone angle and topological charge of the BG beam on the coupling efficiency and response characteristics during nonideal conditions are studied. According to the precision of the coupling system, a higher coupling efficiency can be obtained by adjusting the half-cone angle, topological charge, and focal length. That makes them a more practical choice for information transmissions, such as mobile platform communication and the transmission of pedestrian data collected during transportation. The research results could help apply the BG beam and other orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams coupled with FMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the exciton binding energy and radiation lifetime in type I and II structures of CdTe/Cd 1 − x ZnxS strained core/shell spherical quantum dots under the hydrostatic pressure have been studied by using the variational method within the continuous dielectric model and effective mass approximation. The results show that for these two structures, the exciton binding energies with and without strain decrease with the increasing core radius but increase with the increasing pressure. The exciton binding energy with strain is smaller than that without strain. For type I structure, the effect of strain is small, and the radiation lifetime decreases monotonically with the increasing pressure. By contrast, for type II structure, the effects of shell radius and strain on the exciton binding energy are obvious, and the radiation lifetime increases first and then decreases with the increasing pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present two hierarchies of nonlocal reduced integrable mKdV-type equations from a vector integrable hierarchy associated with a matrix Lie algebra, not being A type. The key point is to make similarity transformations for the spectral matrix, which keep the associated zero curvature equations invariant and then there follow reduced nonlocal integrable mKdV-type equations. The success lies in determining a Laurent series solution to the corresponding reduced stationary zero curvature equation, which generates temporal matrix spectral problems in the zero curvature formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different from the conventional logistics service network design problem, we design a fast logistics service network based on high-speed railway. An integrative optimization model which is applicable for solving practical problems is established. This paper simultaneously considers three subproblems: Train timetabling, freight flow assignment and electrical multiple units (EMU) routing plan, in which the objectives are simultaneous to minimize the total train travel time, the operation cost and transportation cost of freight transport, the number of freight EMU and the number of maintenance tasks. The constraints imposed in the model include space-time path resource assignment restriction, node operation capability, train safety interval time, train connection time restriction, freight service time window, train loading capacity restriction and EMU routing restriction. Based on the thoughts of divide and conquer, the original problem is decomposed by using the decomposition mechanism of the Lagrange relaxation algorithm to solve the integrated optimization model. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model and algorithm proposed in this paper, a case study is conducted based on Harbin Dalian high-speed railway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the nonlinear longitudinal wave equation (LWE) which involves mathematical physics in a magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) circular rod. By three different methods, we found that various forms for exact traveling wave solutions of longitudinal bud equation among an MEE round rod. These new exact and solitary wave solutions are derived in the form of rational, single periodic function, double periodic Jacobian elliptic functions (JEF), especially about Weierstrass elliptic function (WEF). Additionally, certain interesting (3D), (2D) figures represent the LWE provides the corporal information to explain the physically phenomena. By choosing different suitable values of the free parameters, we made some charts and we analyzed these charts to get a lot of valuable information to understand the MEE circular rod. Our work describes the dynamics of the MEE circular rod. Finally, we conclude with some perspectives for our future research work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research paper, we scrutinize the novel traveling wave solutions and other solutions with conformable, M-truncated and beta fractional derivatives for the nonlinear fractional Hirota–Maccari system. In order to acquire the analytical solutions, the Riccati–Bernoulli sub-ODE technique is implemented. Presented method is the very powerful technique to get the novel exact soliton and other solutions for nonlinear partial equations in sense of both integer and fractional-order derivatives. Mathematical properties of different kinds of fractional derivatives are given in this paper. A comparative approach is presented between the solutions with the fractional derivatives. For the validity of the solutions, the constraints conditions are determined. To illustrate the physical meaning of the presented equation, the 2D and 3D graphs of the acquired solutions are successfully charted by selecting appropriate values of parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generalized mixed nonlinear Schrödinger equation is the core of this thesis study and it plays a pivotal position in many physical applications. In this paper, on the whole, in the framework of the Riemann–Hilbert approach, by analyzing the spectral problem of the Lax pair and applying the transformation of the matrix, the Riemann–Hilbert problem of the generalized mixed nonlinear Schrödinger equation for specific values of the parameters is constructed. After that, in the case of irregularity, the N -soliton solutions of this equation at specific values of the parameters can be presented by the scattering transformation. In particular, some three-dimensional images of this nonlinear system can be graphically depicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the propulsion performance of a screw mixed-flow jet propulsion pump is studied systematically. The optimum thrust performance is achieved by changing the geometrical dimensions of the guide vanes. Under the condition of keeping other parameters unchanged, the operating conditions of the pump can be effectively adjusted by changing the number of guide vanes and wrap angle. The focus of this paper is on the presentation and demonstration of a strategy that takes the number of guide vanes and wraps angle as the main research object and its propulsion efficiency as the main reference index to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each working condition in detail. The CFD numerical simulation technology has been used for numerical calculation. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results, and the numerical calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental values. The results show that the kinetic energy of the propulsion pump increases with the number of guide vane blades and the angle of wrap angle. The increase of guide angle and the number of blades will reduce the overall propulsion efficiency of the propeller. Finally, a mathematical model of propeller efficiency with the number of guide vane blades and the angle coefficient of guide vanes is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a new fractional electrical microtubules transmission lines model in the sense of Atangana–Baleanu and beta derivatives to comprehend nonlinear dynamics of the governing system. This structure possesses one of the most important parts in cellular process biology and fractional parameter incorporates the memory effects in microtubules. Also, microtubules are extremely beneficial in cell motility, signaling and intracellular transport. The new extended direct algebraic method is a compelling and persuasive integrating scheme to extract soliton solutions. The retrieved solutions include dark, bright and singular solitons. This model executes a prominent part in exhibiting the wave transmission in nonlinear systems. The novelty and advantage of the proposed method are portrayed by applying it to this model and its dynamical behavior is depicted by 3D and 2D plots. A comparative study of two fractional derivatives at distinct fractional parameter values and graphics of sensitivity analysis is also carried out in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers two-dimensional electrically conducting and incompressible ternary hybrid nanofluid flow on a stretching sheet with the convective boundary condition and heat source effect. Relevant similarity formulas are effectuated in converting the governing equations into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and are further treated numerically using the spectral quasilinearization method (SQLM), with error analysis. The prominent dimensionless parameters controlling the flow, and heat transfer characteristics are discussed. The results of this study show that Eckert number, heat source parameter, and magnetic effect boost the temperature profile. This work expected significant information for the future applications of innovative heat transfer devices, as well as a valuable reference for researchers to study flow behavior under various assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we construct a hierarchical network generated from the Thue–Morse sequence. First, we deduce that the degree distribution of the Thue–Morse hierarchical network follows an exponential distribution. Then, we compute the degree correlations by calculating the average degree of all neighbors of nodes which have degree k, denoted k n n (k). By getting an accurate range of k n n (k) , we show that k n n (k) ∼ 1 2 k and the Thue–Morse hierarchical network is assortative. Finally, we conclude that the hierarchical networks generated from substitution sequences still have the same properties as deterministic hierarchical networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microfluidic device with sharp-edge structures excited with acoustic wave has the characteristics of simple structure, easy manufacture, good bio-compatibility and fast response and has a good application prospect. In order to make full use of its driving characteristics, a scheme of microfluidic driving device with sharp-edge structures is designed in this paper, and the effect of structural parameters on its driving performance is analyzed with the finite element software COMSOL5.6. The model of sharp-edge structure in micro channel is established, and the relationship between the vibration mode and the resonant frequency and the inclined angle of sharp-edge structure is simulated. With the increase of the inclined angle of the sharp-edge structure, its resonant frequency with optimal vibration mode increases. The effects of the micro channel width, the inclined angle between the sharp-edge structure and the micro channel, and the distance between the two sharp-edge structures on the driving velocity are analyzed with the optimal vibration mode. The results show that the parameters of the sharp-edge structure and the micro channel can significantly affect the micro flow field and the driving effect of the micro fluid. As the width of the micro channel, the inclined angle between the sharp-edge structure and the micro channel, and the distance between the two sharp-edge structures decrease, the flow field in the micro channel increases. When the micro channel width is 500 μ m, the inclined angle between the sharp-edge structure and the micro channel is 45∘, and the distance between the two pairs of sharp-edge structures is 150 μ m, the microfluidic driving effect is the best, the maximum flow rate is 458.24 μ m/s and the velocity fluctuation transverse along the micro channel is the smallest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a reliable and effective local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) scheme for numerically solving the classical Rosenau–Hyman equation with non-periodic boundary conditions has been proposed. This study employs the third-order nonlinearly stable total variation diminishing Runge–Kutta method and the LDG method, respectively, to discretize the temporal and spatial derivatives. Finally, numerical simulations are performed on various test problems and compared with the exact results as well as results produced by a few other numerical methods, to analyze the reliability and efficiency of the proposed method. The results generated, which validate the expected order of accuracy, are presented through multiple tables. In addition, several graphical representations of the problem are presented to depict the behavior of the solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we successfully extracted the various types of soliton solutions for the complex nonlinear Kuralay-II equation through the improved F-expansion method with symbolic computational software Mathematica. The extracted soliton solutions for the Kuralay-II equation are interesting, novel and more general such as anti-kink wave solitons, dark solitons, kink wave solitons, bright solitons, periodic wave solitons, mixed solitons in bright-dark soliton shape, peakon solitons, and solitary wave structures. The graphical structure of some extracted solutions is visualized in 2D, 3D and contour plottings with imaginary, real, and absolute values of the functions by using the numerical simulation. The proposed research will contribute to advancing our knowledge about the complex nonlinear Kuralay-II equation and demonstrating the applicability to the proposed approach to investigate other higher-order complex nonlinear equations. The successful investigation demonstrated that the proposed method is effective, simple, more powerful, efficient and can be utilized on a variety of other nonlinear equations. The explored solitary waves and optical solitons will play an important role in the investigation of nonlinear phenomena in various domains of science and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the natural convective flow of hybrid nanofluid over the vertical plate has been examined. Cattaneo law of thermal flux is used to characterize thermal transport. The novel model for fractional constitutive equation is expressed by the time fractional Caputo–Fabrizio integral. The analytical solution of the generalized convective flow of viscous fluid over the vertical plate along generalized conditions is obtained by using the Laplace transform. Mathcad is used to determine numerically the influence of the physical and fractional parameters on the temperature and velocity field to depict the results graphically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the free convection flow phenomenon on magnetized second-grade nanofluid over a nonlinear elongating surface has been modeled under the assumptions of generalized Fick's and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux relations. The non-uniform heat source and sink and thermal radiation effects are used in the energy equation with the Buongiorno nanofluid model. The effect on activation energy and chemical processes is also examined, making the current numerical scrutinization innovative. The current mathematical model begins with partial derivative equations (PDEs), which are then transformed into ordinary derivative equations (ODEs) using similarity transformations. The outcomes are obtained using a combination of the finite-difference scheme with the collocation method, approximated up to desirable accuracy, and the effects of various parameters on the modified second-grade nanofluid are discussed using tables and graphs. The temperature distribution for the thermal boundary layer is raised with nonlinear thermal radiation and Brownian motion parameters. The present thorough analysis identified several technical and industrial applications, including Biomedical applications in cancer treatment, electrical wire manufacturing, oil friction control in pipelines, manufacturing processes, and aerodynamic expulsion utilizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a drop model for integer and fractional quantum Hall effects (FQHE). We show that the two-dimensional electron gas breaks up into regions with filling factors ν = 1 and ν = 0 in the disk geometry, and the formation of drops with a finite number of electrons is possible. Sequences of filling fractions are constructed on the basis of experimental data. For all sequences, there are initial FQHE states, which correspond to a drop with five electrons. The remaining FQHE states are composite states of a drop with five electrons and one or more pairs of electrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work objective focuses on studying the combined influences of variable thermal conductivity, chemical reaction, and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on the flow of a tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow over an exponentially stretching surface, considering a first-order velocity slip condition. Additionally, thermophoresis and Brownian motion impacts are taken into account. The phenomena of heat transfer are analyzed considering several factors such as thermal radiation, Joule heating and nonlinear heat source. On the other hand, mass transfer is explored under the effect of chemical reaction. Tangent hyperbolic fluid is an important branch of non-Newtonian fluids known for its ability to describe shear thinning effects. Understanding fluid flow on exponentially stretched surfaces is of great significance due to its applications in various industrial processes. These applications include fluid film condensing methods, plastic production for making plastic covers, fiber manufacturing (where it is used to spin fibers), glass blowing, metallurgical procedures, and the paper industry. The concept of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is significant due to its various engineering applications, such as MHD generators, flow meters, heat reservoirs, small components in different devices, and cooling systems for nuclear reactors. To analyze the system, using similarity transformations, the governing equations of continuity, velocity, and concentration are transformed into non-dimensional differential equations. The numerical solution is obtained using the shooting technique. The study presents the physical significance of all the fluid parameters involved, focusing on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. These profiles are presented graphically and discussed in detail. The results show that the fluid velocity profile increases with enhancing values of the We and the magnetic number M. The thermal profile increases with higher Nt and Rd The concentration profile decreases with higher values of Q t and Nb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have explored the electronic and magnetic properties of MS2(M = Co , Ni) using first-principles calculations. Our data show rather high tunability of the electronic and magnetic properties of the alloy Co 1 − x NixS2 (0. 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. 0) with the emergence of half-metallicity that persisted up to the intermediate doping concentration. The half-metallic ground state is characterized by large spin polarization at the Fermi level ( E F ). Beyond the critical doping concentration x ∼ 0. 6 , we obtained a metallic solution followed by an antiferromagnetic ground state at a larger doping concentration. This study provides the underlying physics to understand the low-energy Hilbert space and reports the role of the Fermi surface in controlling the electron transport and thus elucidating the anomalous electronic and magnetic behavior of Co 1 − x NixS2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report on optical lines of Sc-like Kr15+ and Br14+ observed using a low-energy electron beam ion trap. Within the spectral range of 220–590 nm, a total of 18 spectral lines from these two ions were identified, 12 of which were reported for the first time. To determine the energy levels, the multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method and relativistic many-body perturbation theory are employed. The excitation energies for the 19 lowest levels arising from 3d3 ground configuration of Kr15+ and Br14+ ions are presented. Comparing the theoretical wavelengths with the experimental values, a good agreement is observed with an average deviation of less than 1.1%. However, for a few lines, discrepancies larger than 2.0% are observed. The present experimental results could be reference data for further theoretical investigations of the multi-valence electron ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power efficiency and enhancing the speed are two major challenges of traditional D-Flip-Flops (D-FF) for designing energy-efficient IOT (internet of thing) devices. Therefore, the main objective of this research article is to design low power high speed D-FF circuits using emerging nanoscale devices. Hence, the first time, in this paper, a pulse-triggered Junctionless D-Flip-Flop (JLFET D-FF) circuit is presented using 15 nm technology, targeting both power budget and high performance concerns. Here, the D-FF circuit uses a signal feedthrough approach to minimize transition duration when output switches from 0 to 1, which requires only a single JLFET structure. Further, to minimize the delay time for the 1 to 0 transition, the discharging path is optimized by employing only two JLFETs. The novel JLFET D-FF circuit is simulated in the Cadence virtuoso simulator using the Verilog-A model. The simulated results have shown that the average power consumption and delay of the proposed circuit are significantly improved as compared to the earlier reported work. The average power consumption in JLFET D-FF for 25% data switching activity is improved by approximately 56% and 64% than ULPFF and SFT-FF, respectively. Further, the power delay performance (PDP) of JLFET D-FF is improved by 96% and 97% at the same data switching activity as compared to ULPFF and SFT-FF, respectively. The performance of the novel D-FF circuit is measured by considering D to Q delay as key parameter which is improved by 77% and 77.5% than ULPFF and SFT-FF, respectively. The simulation results of this work can give insights into the in-circuit behavior of modern semiconductor devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth upconversion luminescent materials have a wide range of applications in the fields of anti-counterfeiting, imaging, temperature sensing, spectral conversion and so on. CaF2-crystal-contained glass-ceramics possess low phonon energy and good stability. Therefore, as a matrix material doped with rare earth, CaF2-crystal-contained glass-ceramics should have better upconversion luminescence properties. In this paper, the upconversion luminescence properties of Yb 3 + /Er 3 + -co-doped CaF2-crystal-contained silicate glass-ceramics were studied. Er 3 + /Yb 3 + -co-doped CaF2-crystal-contained silicate glass-ceramics were synthesized by melt-cooling method. XRD proved that CaF2 crystals were successfully precipitated in the glass. Comparing the upconversion luminescence intensity of different samples, the optimum heat treatment temperature was determined to be 660∘C. The upconversion process was analyzed by analyzing the relationship between fluorescence intensity and excitation power. Finally, the relationship between the fluorescence intensity ratio of the sample at 521 nm and 538 nm with the temperature change was discussed, the absolute sensitivity and relative sensitivity of the sample to temperature were determined. The results show that the sample is expected to be used as a no-contact thermometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Cu thin films were successfully deposited on glass substrates using DC magnetron sputtering at varying deposition times. The deposition time was varied as 5, 9, 11 and 17 min. The obtained Cu thin films were analyzed for morphology and topography using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The size of the surface structures/grains was seen to evolve with deposition time. The conventional/statistical, fractal and multifractal analyses were carried out on AFM images using existing imaging algorithms. The arithmetic roughness and interface width parameters were seen to evolve with the sputtering time. The autocorrelation and height–height correlation functions revealed that the surfaces of all the Cu thin films exhibited self-affine character, but were not mounded properties. The fractal dimensions computed using box counting and power spectral density functions revealed that larger dimensions were associated with larger surface features. The lacunarity coefficients were too small indicating that the surfaces were generally deficient in porosity and other defects. The multifractal analyses revealed that spatial roughness does not exhibit linear relationship with the deposition time. The study reveals that surface evolution and nanoscale behavior is significantly influenced by the deposition time although a linear relationship is not established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of theoretical considerations on the study of the influence of the phonon quasiparticle subsystem on the thermal capacitance of a two-dimensional quasicrystal in the form of an ultrathin film, an exact formula for the thermal capacitance of an ideal ultrathin film, valid over the entire temperature range, is derived in this paper. The dispersion equation as well as the possible phonon energies and allowed phonon states were determined by the method of Green's functions. The obtained formula for the thermal capacitance of the ultrathin film is plotted and compared with the corresponding graphs representing massive crystalline structures in both the low-temperature and high-temperature regions. The conclusions that can be drawn are highly consistent with recent results related to the possibility of realizing high-temperature superconductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]