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In this paper, the waveform control of high-order harmonic generation and attosecond pulse generation from a different initial state of He atom has been investigated. The results show that (i) by properly controlling the carrier-envelope phases, the time delays and the laser intensities of a 3-color laser pulse, the best waveforms for the harmonic cut-off extension can be found. Although the harmonic cut-offs from the ground initial state and the superposition initial state are almost the same, the harmonic intensities from the superposition initial state are 4 to 5 orders of magnitudes higher than those from the ground initial state. (ii) With the introduction of the inhomogeneous effect, the harmonic cut-offs can be further extended. However, the harmonic intensities from the superposition initial state are remarkably decreased compared with those from the homogeneous pulses, which is unbeneficial to generate the intense attosecond pulses. (iii) When the ground state is chosen to be the initial and with the assistance of the 4th UV pulse, not only the larger harmonic cut-offs can be obtained, but also the stronger harmonic plateaus can be found, which is favorable for producing the intense attosecond pulses. Thus, at the end of this paper, by superposing the harmonics from the best harmonic spectra, the single attosecond pulses with the duration of 36 as can be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generalized fractional Davey–Stewartson (DSS) equation with fractional temporal derivative, which is used to explore the trends of wave propagation in water of finite depth under the effects of gravity force and surface tension, is considered in this paper. The paper addresses the full nonlinearity of the proposed model. To extract the oblique soliton solutions of the generalized fractional DSS (FDSS) equation is the dominant feature of this research. The conformable fractional derivative is used for fractional temporal derivative and oblique wave transformation is used for converting the proposed model into ordinary differential equation. Two state-of-the-art integration schemes, modified auxiliary equation (MAE) and generalized projective Riccati equations (GPREs) method have been employed for obtaining the desired oblique soliton solutions. The proposed methods successfully attain different structures of explicit solutions such as bright, dark, singular, and periodic solitary wave solutions. The occurrence of these results ensured by the limitations utilized is also exceptionally promising to additionally investigate the propagation of waves of finite depth. The latest found solutions with their existence criteria are considered. The 2D and 3D portraits are also shown for some of the reported solutions. From the graphical representations, it have been illustrated that the descriptions of waves are changed along with the change in fractional and obliqueness parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local resonance (LR) structure can effectively suppress the low-frequency noise and vibration, but it is still a great challenge to design a kind of lightweight small-size structure with the low-frequency bandgap. This paper proposes a lightweight small-size LR structure with adjustable stiffness ratio, and there are two equivalent negative stiffness regions formed in the LR structure, which are not only greatly enlarged, but also coupled at last only by adjusting the stiffness ratio of the system (changing radius), and finally the negative stiffness region is successfully enlarged more than 2 times in this way. Based on the theory of regulating negative stiffness region, the mechanism of regulating the low-frequency bandgap within the lightweight small-size LR structure is further revealed. It is found that there are two low-frequency bandgaps in the LR structure, and its lower bound of the first bandgap is decreased from 54 Hz to 34 Hz only through adjusting the stiffness ratio (changing radius), and a low-frequency bandgap with 34–248 Hz is obtained by FEM at last. Most importantly, the mechanism of regulating the low-frequency bandgap only by adjusting the stiffness ratio can provide an important idea for designing the lightweight small-size LR structure since it can break out the limitation of the heavy mass and big structures in traditional methods, so it has great practical value for vibration isolation and noise reduction in engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a building block, the icosahedral gold 13-atom cluster has attracted much attention for many years. In this paper, the tensile and compressive deformation of the icosahedral gold 13-atom cluster are investigated and some interesting results different from bulks and nanowires are obtained. It is found that the elastic strain limits of the cluster are much larger than those of the gold bulks and the nanowires. Within the elastic strain limit, the loading force–strain relationship is not linear. And the stiffness coefficient decreases with increasing strain under the tensile loading, and increases with increasing strain under the compressive loading. Under the influence of temperature, the loading force and the stiffness coefficient decrease with the increasing temperature at the same strain. The elastic strain limit and the break-up strain are also reduced as the temperature rises. Although the bulks and nanowires cannot return to their original configurations when they are in a plastic state, however, the calculation shows that the cluster can return spontaneously to its original icosahedral structure even if the cluster has been at plastic deformation when the loading is released above a certain temperature. A monatomic chain is formed when the cluster is close to rupture. The interatomic distance and the tensile force for the monatomic chain are consistent with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have discussed the enhanced three-wave mixing (TWM) nonlinear optical processing in a three-level symmetry broken three-level quantum system. The quantum system interacts with three drivel laser fields out of which two are weak probes and generated signal beams and one of them is strong coupling light. We have shown that due to symmetry broken of quantum system the nonlinear sum frequency generation leads to TWM. By adjusting the different system parameters, the efficiency of TWM mechanism can be improved. Moreover, we have found when the strong coupling light becomes optical vortex light, the efficiency of TWM depends on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) light. Our proposed model may be having useful applications in nonlinear spectroscopy based on OAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The derivations of the most probable distribution are not self-consistent in most statistical physics textbooks since the Stirling's approximation adopted in the derivations is not valid for systems with very few particles. Any improvement by taking more higher terms of the Stirling series is insufficient due to erroneous divergence for small number. In this paper, we derive the equilibrium distribution by extrapolating the factorial function by the gamma function so that the Stirling's approximation or the Stirling formula is avoided. For the ideal Bose system in a one-dimensional harmonic trap, we find that the equilibrium distribution given by this paper coincide with the rigorous result perfectly even for very small system size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is dedicated to investigating the asymptotic synchronization of delayed Lur'e systems via non-fragile aperiodic sampled-data control. Two different kinds of gain fluctuations are taken into consideration. A time-dependent two-sided looped functional is proposed, which makes efficient use of the obtainable information not only of the whole sampling intervals, but also of the nonlinear functions of the considered systems. A criterion on global asymptotic stability is derived by means of the constructed looped functional and using the free-weighting matrix approach. Then, a non-fragile aperiodic sampled-data controller, which allows both additive and multiplicative gain fluctuations, is designed to ensure the asymptotic synchronization based on solutions of a set of linear matrix inequities. Finally, an example with simulations is presented, which shows that the designed controller allows a larger sampling period in comparison with the existing results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we calculate the Andreev bound state spectrum in a half-infinite superconducting wire with an arbitrary number of bands crossing the chemical potential. Electrons in the wire are affected by the asymmetric (Rashba) spin–orbit coupling due to the presence of a substrate. The normal state of the wire is assumed to have an antiunitary symmetry (time reversal or its combination with a point group operation), which may be broken by the superconducting order parameter and/or the boundary. The bound state spectrum is calculated without relying on any particular microscopic model, using the semiclassical approach with the boundary conditions described by a phenomenological scattering matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important auxiliary equipment for ships, the stable operation of centrifugal pumps has a significant impact on the safe operation of ships, so monitoring the operation of marine centrifugal pumps is particularly urgent. In this paper, a marine centrifugal pump is studied for four cases: the normal state, the initial stages of broken state, the intermediate stages of broken state, and the late stages of broken state. The Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) with a nonlinear eddy viscosity model is used for the nonstationary calculation of the whole channel, aiming to study the performance of the centrifugal pump in the broken state. A comprehensive analysis of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the centrifugal pump, such as external characteristics, flow situation, pressure pulsation, and flow analysis based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method, was carried out. Taken together, these results suggest that as the number of broken blades increases, the corresponding head and efficiency gradually decrease. Blade loss mainly affects the uniformity and stability of the flow field, so that the centrifugal pump performance loss increases, which in turn causes the centrifugal pump head and efficiency to decline. It also leads to an increase in radial force during operation, which in turn causes an increase in the amplitude of pump vibration. The results of the study provide some references for the fault diagnosis of centrifugal pumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the spin ladder consisting of two antiferromagnetic Heisenberg legs is investigated by means of the density matrix renormalization group method with its matrix product state form. The energy density and bipartite entanglement measured by concurrence are calculated, the effects of interleg couplings and open boundary condition on entanglement distributions are discussed in detail when the interleg couplings are ferro- and antiferromagnetic, respectively. We found that the entanglements are mainly distributed in legs and diagonals when the interleg couplings are ferromagnetic and in rungs when the couplings are antiferromagnetic. Furthermore, the intraleg entanglements are more affected by the dimerization caused by open boundary than interleg ones. Specifically, that dimerization will be weakened by the interleg couplings, and the entanglements are distributed more uniformly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of free convection above an isothermal vertical cone in the flow of Newtonian fluid suspended with solid nanoparticles like silver (Ag) and magnesium oxide (MgO) is numerically analyzed in this paper. Here, a convectively heated vertical cone is immersed in the infinite nanofluid with a porous medium. The fluid motion occurs due to the thermal gradient and force of gravity in the system. Energy transportation is studied with help of the empirical theory of Cattaneo–Christov. The physical effects included in the problem are heat source, stratification, chemical reaction, and motile microorganism. Further, the total entropy rate is computed. The flow, temperature, concentration, and microorganism distribution are explored in view graphical abstracts which are computed numerically by integration of the governing non-linear system of equations using the bvp4c technique. The outcomes are validated by relating them to earlier available data in the field, which is a remarkable feature of the proposed model. In this feature, an admired balance has been attained. The investigation proves that the buoyancy ratio characteristic and bioconvection Rayleigh number reduce the fluid velocity. Further, the concentration and microorganism stratification parameter effect diminish the motile microorganism and concentration distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) equation is extensively investigated in this study. This equation is a two-dimensional (2D) generalization of the well-known Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation, which is spatially limited as the 1D model of weakly nonlinear waves in shallow water. In this paper, we use three different methods to solve the conservation laws of it. First, the direct construction method is used to calculate the multipliers of the objective equation, and the conservation laws can be obtained by using the multipliers. Then its strict self-adjoint property is verified, and its conservation laws are solved by Ibragimov's method. Finally, the conservation laws of the target equation are solved by Noether's theorem. Then we calculate some exact solutions of the ZK equation by the extended Kudryashov method and seek a few solutions in terms of hyperbolic tangent functions and exp (ξ). Meanwhile, the conservation law analysis of the target equation is carried out, and its Lie point symmetries, reduced order form and invariant solution are determined. In the end, the Hamiltonian structure of the target equation, the generalized pre-symplectic that maps symmetries into adjoint-symmetries and some of its soliton solutions are calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents an investigation into the behavior of rarefied flow and heat transfer in a rectangular microchannel utilizing a Cu-water nanofluid. The study employs the thermal lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with a lattice featuring a double distribution function and a BGK collision model. The simulations are performed using Python software, incorporating slip velocity and temperature jump effects. The primary objective is to analyze the influence of various thermophysical parameters of the coolant fluid on the microchannel, specifically focusing on the characteristics of the Cu-water nanofluid. The study considers laminar flow conditions with nanofluid volume fractions of 2%, 4% and 6%. The findings reveal that both rarefaction effect and Reynolds numbers, as well as the nanoparticle volume fraction, significantly impact the system. Moreover, the investigation evaluates key parameters such as the Nusselt number, skin friction coefficient, temperature jump slip velocity and velocity and temperature profiles. Notably, the nanoparticle volume fraction exhibits minimal influence on the velocity distribution or temperature field, whereas the Nusselt number increases with higher nanoparticle volume fractions. Additionally, the rarefaction effect leads to a reduction in velocity and temperature. At a nanoparticle volume fraction of 2%, increasing the Reynolds number results in elevated velocities and lower temperatures. The skin friction coefficient displays a decreasing trend along the microchannel with increasing Reynolds numbers. Furthermore, an increase in Knudsen numbers corresponds to a decrease in the skin friction coefficient. Finally, an increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction is associated with a decrease in the skin friction coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss a proposal for the transfer of states belonging to the W-type states by executing a controlled teleportation protocol. A 7-qubit quantum entangled resource shared between the sender, receiver and controller is utilized in this protocol. The scheme proposed here is a perfect communication scheme where the task of quantum state transfer is performed with certainty. Further, a protocol for the generation of the quantum resource used here is designed and run on IBM platform. Additionally, we consider the effect of four types of noises, namely, amplitude-damping noise, bit-flip noise, phase-flip noise and phase-damping noise on our protocol. The efficiency of the protocol is compared with other similar protocols which shows that the present one is better performing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the dynamic behavior of the (2 + 1) -dimensional Boussinesq equation, which is a nonlinear water wave equation used to model wave packets in dispersive media with weak nonlinearity. Specifically, we investigate the equation's traveling wave solutions using the Riccati equation mapping method. Our results include solitary and soliton solutions, each with their own set of parameter values. To provide a comprehensive understanding of these solutions, we present them in general form and visualize their significance using various graphs, such as 3D, 2D, and contour plots. The computational effort and resulting outcomes highlight the efficacy of our approach, which has the potential to be applied to other nonlinear physical problems in fields such as mathematical physics, engineering, and nonlinear science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the finite element method is used to investigate the sound absorption performance of the micro perforated plates (MPPs) with acoustic black hole (ABH) back cavities. First, the finite element models of MPPs with sealed back cavities and ABH back cavities are developed. The simulation results show that the absorption bandwidth of ABH back cavities increases by 63.8% compared to the sealed back cavity of the same size, but the frequency of the highest absorption coefficient is increased. Second, the mechanism for expanding the band width is illustrated by the pressure distribution inside two cavities. Finally, the effect of different cavity numbers of stages and lengths on the sound absorption performance is analyzed. This study broadens the application scenario of MPPs by incorporating ABH back cavities and can provide a reference value for acoustic modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a performance analysis of indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO)- and pentacene-based top-gate-top-contact (TGTC) and bottom-gate-top-contact (BGTC) thin film transistors (TFTs). Extensive simulation has been performed to assess the performances in terms of threshold voltage, subthreshold slope, on-off current ratio, mobility, and figure of merit (FoM). Results indicate a trade-off between mobility and current ratio with respect to the permittivity of the dielectric layer, where tantalum oxide (Ta2O 5) provides the optimum result in terms of FoM. The mobility of IGZO is significantly higher for both structures, whereas the current ratio for IGZO is higher than pentacene in the BGTC configuration. Comparing the structural configurations, Ta2O5-IGZO-based BGTC achieves 5. 9 2 × and 4 1. 8 × better mobility and current ratio, respectively, over TGTC structures. The threshold voltage of IGZO-based TFT is observed to increase with the permittivity of the dielectric in TGTC configuration but decrease in BGTC configuration. Meanwhile, the increase in oxide and active layer thicknesses causes a decrease in the threshold voltage. Moreover, both mobility and current ratio improve with a decrease in oxide or active layer thickness. Maximum mobility of 32.30 cm2/Vs and a maximum current ratio of 7.54E+08 are achieved for Ta2O5-IGZO-based BGTC TFT with 10 μ m channel thickness and 5 μ m oxide thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a triple-layer grating beam splitter with three-port output is designed. Through the combination of rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and simulated annealing algorithms (SAA), the calculation and optimization of each parameter of the grating is carried out to make the diffraction efficiency of the grating meet the conditions. At the incident wavelength of 800 nm, the diffraction efficiencies of 0th order and ±1st order under TE polarization are 31.6% and 31.4%, respectively. The diffraction efficiencies of 0th order and ±1st order under TM polarization are 32.7% and 32.5%, respectively. It can be seen that not only the total diffraction efficiency under TE polarization and TM polarization exceeds 90%, but also the uniformity of diffraction efficiency at each order exceeds 99%. Finally, the influence of grating parameters and incident wave characteristics on diffraction efficiency is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nature, living organisms move in a collective state of aggregation, this collective motion is influenced by the nature of the environment, the obstacles refocused during the movement and the local interaction between individuals, this interaction is responsible for avoiding collision between each individual. In this paper, we study numerically the collective motion of self-organized organisms by expanding the Langevin dynamics, in which we have modeled the interaction between individuals by an elastic force. Modeling the interaction between individuals using an elastic force gives remarkable results. This interaction has an important effect if the individuals are dispersed a lot in space, but if a certain number of particles N is exceeded, this force is of no importance and the saturation velocity becomes constant. The results of the numerical simulation show that the average velocity of the individuals goes through a transient regime before reaching the permanent regime. Moreover, the results show that the system represents a transition from a nonequilibrium state to an equilibrium state, which is similar to a second-phase transition (paramagnetic/ferromagnetic) in the absence of the magnetic field; this phase transition is observable if the distance between two individuals is greater than a critical radius noted R c . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study on the dielectric characteristics of the Bi-MXene lattice using Monte Carlo simulations through the Metropolis algorithm. The study utilizes the Blume–Capel Ising model to analyze the dielectric characteristics under the effects of temperature, ferrielectric parameter, and external electric longitudinal and crystalline fields. Also, it examines the impact of the ferrielectric parameter J A B , the external electric field ( E Z) , and the crystalline field on the behavior of the blocking temperature ( T B). The results suggest a significant influence of the physical parameters on the blocking temperature analyzed in this study. Additionally, these findings hold implications on ferrielectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the time evolution of three-states spin-1 non-Hermitian systems. The state vector of the wave function for Schrödinger equation is obtained analytically by using the Cayley–Hamilton theorem. We note that the behavior of the non-Hermitian three-states system corresponds to the Hermitian three-state system. Furthermore, the fluctuation between three-state spin-1 is periodically oscillating when the eigenvalues of the non-Hermitian system are real. Moreover, if the eigenvalues are imaginary, we explore that from our analysis and analytical solution that the probabilities' amplitudes always grow with time for all physical parameters in the three-state, i.e. including the -symmetry non-Hermitian system. It means that the Schrödinger equation becomes the growth exponential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the nonparaxial nonlinear Schrödinger (NNLS) equation by considering its integrability which enables the propagation of ultra-broad nonparaxial beams in a planar optical waveguide is studied. The plenty numbers of solitary wave solutions by using Hirota's bilinear scheme are found, in addition, the bilinear transformation and also the related theorem for getting to the bilinear form of nonlinear system are considered. Two new simple approaches are implemented to recover periodic wave, bright soliton, singular, and singular soliton for this model. Because of the significance of the NNLS in modeling the propagation of solitons through an optical fiber, the recovered solitons are vital for describing and understanding a variety of fundamental physical processes. The effect of the free parameters on the behavior of acquired figures to a few obtained solutions by providing the feasibility and reliability of the used procedure was also discussed. For more physical illustration and knowledge of the physical characteristics of this equation, some important solutions are discussed graphically in the form of 2D and 3D plots by selecting suitable parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene has excellent mechanical properties and vibration frequency is an important mechanical property. In this paper, the effects of doping elements and doping concentrations on the vibration characteristics of graphene nanoribbons were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. The vibration characteristics are influenced by the doping element, depending on the bond structural difference in bond structure between doping atoms and carbon atoms. The vibration frequencies of Nitrogen (N)-doped and Nitrogen–Nitrogen (N–N)-doped graphene nanoribbons are slightly lower than those of pure graphene nanoribbons. However, the vibration frequencies of Sulfur (S)/Phosphorus (P)-doped and Sulfur–Sulfur (S–S)/Phosphorus–Phosphorus (P–P)-doped graphene nanoribbons are significantly lower than those of pure graphene nanoribbons. In addition, with the increase of S (P) doping concentration, the vibration frequency of monolayer graphene nanoribbons decreases gradually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strain engineering is generally employed as an efficient means of tuning the physical properties of a target compound. In this research paper, we investigated the effect of three axial stretches on the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of inorganic Ge-based halide perovskites LiGeBr3. Computations were carried out using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the semi-classical Boltzmann transport theories. The electronic investigation indicated that LiGeBr3 perovskite exhibits a direct bandgap of 0.480 eV. The findings suggest that the bandgap is highly responsive to strain, which improves the absorption ability in the visible light range (300–500 nm). The relative stability of the strained compounds and the feasibility of their synthesis were robustly demonstrated by the negative formation energies. The transport features were assessed as a function of temperature and yielded interesting results. The electrical conductivity was considerably enhanced under strain, and the highest figure of merit was found at low temperatures (approximately 0.741). Our theoretical discovery proved that strain is an enormously exciting technique for extending semiconductor applications and boosting thermoelectric and solar cell devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the numerical analysis of a highly performed surface plasmon resonance (SPRE)-based sensor employing a hybrid structure of SrTiO3 (STO) and graphene for rapid detection of malaria. The investigation is performed using the angular interrogation technique and transfer matrix method. The SPRE device has a glass prism, silver (Ag), STO, graphene, affinity layer and sensing medium (SGM). Four coupling prisms are examined and we found the prism N-FK51A corresponds to the highest sensitivity. The sensitivity of the structure N-FK51A/Ag/STO/graphene/affinity layer/SGM is found to be 205.405, 222.222 and 2 5 8. 3 3 3 ∘ /RIU for Schizont, Trophozoite and Ring malaria stages. The layer thicknesses are then optimized and it is found that the proposed SPRE sensor can achieve a sensitivity of 278.378, 227.027 and 4 0 0 ∘ /RIU for Schizont, Trophozoite and Ring malaria stages with 30 nm (silver), 1 nm (STO), mono-sheet of graphene and 5 nm of the affinity layer. These findings demonstrate that the proposed method and structure can be used efficiently for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research paper, we numerically analyze the flow and heat transfer rate of non-Newtonian pseudo-plastic nanofluid with variable apparent viscosity and thermal conductivity effects, respectively, through annular sector duct. Concentric pipes annular sector duct of an apex angle, 2 β and ratio of radii, R ̂ , is filled with saturated porous media. For this purpose, we utilize the power law Darcy–Brinkman flow model along with Forchheimer term. Also, the contribution of nanoparticles is accounted in carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC)-water, which has been taken as base fluid. Finite volume method (FVM) is utilized to discretize the governing mathematical model, whereas algebraic equations are solved numerically by using strongly implicit procedure (SIP). With the help of graphs, the impacts of nanoparticles' contribution and porosity factor have been discussed by giving physical interpretation. Results are also found in the limiting sense and show the good agreement with already published data. At β = π / 3 , ϕ = 0. 1 0 , D a = 0. 0 1 and R ̂ = 0. 2 5 , we can observe down in f Re and Nu upto 5. 6 5 8 % and 1 0. 0 1 % , respectively, when n decreases from 1 to 0. 9 1 , whereas 1 3. 4 7 % and 2 3. 5 7 % , respectively, by decreasing the value of n from 1 to 0. 7 6. For both cases of nanoparticles' contribution, the downs in Nu have been observed same by decreasing the value of n. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a finite spin system corresponding to magnetic molecules with the wheel geometry is discussed in the Ising-like limit of the Heisenberg Hamiltonian. We put stress on the ground state degeneration, which is determined with the use of some discrete mathematics methods, especially investigating some integer sequences, including the famous Fibonacci one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the magnetic dipole theory and the elastic mechanical plane strain method, this paper establishes a multi-chain model of ferromagnetic particle inclusions–superconducting matrix and investigates the effects of the distribution form of ferromagnetic particle inclusions and elastic parameters on the effective magnetostriction of superconductors. A dimensionless parameter is introduced to describe the spatial distribution form of ferromagnetic particles in the matrix, and the calculation is carried out using the elastic mechanical plane strain method. The change of the effective magnetostriction following the elastic parameter is given for three kinds of distribution forms: single-chain, planar–laminar, and spatial three-dimensional multi-chain, respectively. The results show that the distribution of ferromagnetic particle inclusions and the change of elastic parameters have a notable influence on the displacement and magnetostrictive distribution of superconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) system is often used to describe physical problems such as wave propagation in a birefringent optical fiber. Under investigation in this paper is the nonlocal -symmetric reverse-space type of CNLS system, through constructing two types of Darboux transformation (DT), we will derive a new series of nonlocal analytic solutions: (1) Single-periodic and double-periodic solutions; (2) Four different combinations about dark and anti-dark solitons, as well as the bright and dark breathers on a periodic background. Moreover, the fundamental properties and dynamical behaviors of those solutions will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-focusing of a laser beam is one of the major consequences of nonlinear interaction of laser with plasma. In this paper, self-focusing of skew cosh Gaussian (skew-ChG) laser beam is studied in anisotropic, collisional plasma where in externally exponentially decreasing magnetic field is applied. Skewness parameters in the field profile of skew-ChG laser beam eventually determine intensity profile of the beam. The symmetry in skewness parameter in two transverse directions simplifies the calculations considerably. Second order, nonlinear, ordinary, coupled differential equations for Beam Width Parameters (BWP) are obtained using Akhmanovs approach under Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) and paraxial approximations which are solved numerically. For given amplitude of applied magnetic field, attenuated oscillatory self-focusing is observed with respect to change in attenuation coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steering is a type of nonseparable quantum correlation, where its inherent asymmetric feature makes it distinct from Bell nonlocality and entanglement. In this paper, we investigate quantum steering in a two-mode Gaussian state ϱ ̂ c 1 c 2 coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoir. The mode c 1  ( c 2 ) is emitted during the first (second) transition of a nondegenerate three-level cascade laser. By means of the master equation of the state ϱ ̂ c 1 c 2 , we derive the analytical expression of the steady-state covariance matrix of the modes c 1 and c 2 . Using realistic experimental parameters, we show that the state ϱ ̂ c 1 c 2 can exhibit asymmetric steering. Furthermore, by an appropriate choice of the physical parameters of the state ϱ ̂ c 1 c 2 , we show that one-way steering can be achieved. Essentially, we demonstrate that one-way steering can, in general, occur only from c 1 → c 2 . Besides, we perform a comparative study between the steering of the two laser modes and their Gaussian Rényi-2 entanglement. As a result, we found that the entanglement and steering behave similarly in the same circumstances, i.e. both of them decay under dissipation effect; moreover, they can be well enhanced by inducing more and more quantum coherence in the state ϱ ̂ c 1 c 2 . In particular, we found that the steering remains always less than the Gaussian Rényi-2 entanglement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a (2+1)-dimensional generalized Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Konopelchenko-Schiff system in a fluid or plasma is investigated. Via the Hirota method and symbolic computation, we work out some two-resonance Y-type soliton solutions as well as some hybrid solutions composed of the two-resonance Y-type solitons and solitons/breathers. Graphically, we display some two-resonance Y-type solitons. We present the interactions between the two-resonance Y-type soliton and one soliton, among the two-resonance Y-type soliton and two solitons, between the two-resonance Y-type soliton and first-order breather as well as among the two-resonance Y-type soliton and second-order breathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the novel solitary wave solutions of the perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu (CLL) equation, aiming to elucidate the physical and dynamic behaviors of pulses in optical fiber. The perturbed CLL equation is derived from the well-known Schrödinger equation and serves as an iconic model. Two analytical techniques are employed to obtain these novel solitary wave solutions. Subsequently, these solutions are subjected to objective analysis using a widely recognized semianalytical scheme to comprehend their underlying mechanisms. Multiple graphs with diverse styles are utilized to illustrate the analysis of pulse waves in optical fiber and assess the accuracy of the analysis. The scientific novelty of this research lies in providing a comprehensive explanation through a comparative analysis of our recently published results in related research papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic quantum secret sharing occupies an important position in quantum cryptography. In this paper, an efficient and secure dynamic quantum direct two-secrets sharing scheme is proposed based on the GHZ state. The proposed scheme is a one-time sharing of a determined classic message and quantum states. For recovering the secret messages, the agents only need to have the ability to perform X-basis measurements on the particles without performing any unitary operation. When dynamically deleting agents, our scheme only requires the other agents to announce some information without transmitting any quantum. Moreover, the analysis shows that our scheme is able to resist dishonest revoked agent attack as well as a range of other common attacks. Compared with the existing dynamic quantum direct secret sharing schemes, the proposed scheme is more efficient and more secure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the generalized Kudryashov (GK) approach and the sine-Gordon expansion approach are used for constructing new specific analytical solutions of the deoxyribonucleic acid model, which include the well-known bell-shaped soliton, kink, singular kink, periodic soliton, contracted bell-shaped soliton and anti-bell-shaped soliton. The efficacy of these strategies demonstrates their utility and efficiency in addressing a wide range of integer and fractional-order nonlinear evolution problems. The physical relevance of the demonstrated results has been proven using three-dimensional forms. It is interesting to mention that the solutions achieved here using the provided methods are extra-extensive and may be used to explain the internal interaction of the deoxyribonucleic acid model originating in mathematical biology. The suggested approach was utilized to get exact traveling wave solutions for fractional nonlinear partial differential equations appearing in nonlinear science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a novel, simple and accurate analytical study based on nonlocal elasticity theory to forecast small-scale effects on the radial vibration of anisotropic gold nanospheres submerged in viscoelastic fluid (VEF). Eringen's model is used to determine the motion equation for anisotropic nanospheres, with the fluid assumed to be viscoelastic and compressible. The frequency equation is derived by imposing the fluid-nanosphere interface continuity conditions. A comparison with the literature results is conducted to demonstrate the validity and correctness of this analysis, which indicates a very good agreement. The importance of small-scale effects in the radial vibration, which need to be included in the nonlocal elasticity model of submerged nanospheres, is eventually revealed by numerical examples. It is discovered that the nanosphere size, nonlocal parameter, and glycerol–water mixture have a significant impact on the vibration behaviors. Our results show that the small scale is crucial for the radial vibration of gold nanoparticles when the gold nanosphere is smaller than 5. 5 nm. Thus, the resulting frequency equation is very useful to interpret experimental measurements of the vibration characteristics of submerged gold nanospheres in VEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a simple two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PhC) plus-shaped resonator is suggested to detect different cancer cells as well as urine glucose. A novel biosensor design is presented that features a plus-shaped PhC resonator capable of detecting cancerous cells in human skin, cervix, blood, adrenal glands and breast, as well as detecting glucose levels in human urine to diagnose the likelihood of diabetes. Our biosensor boasts of an impressive quality factor of 307 for cancerous skin cells and 670.6 for glucose concentration in the blood. In addition, the device offers a maximum sensitivity of 750 nm/RIU for detecting various cancerous cells and 2420 nm/RIU for glucose in human urine. By positioning the resonator and the waveguide in a way that enables light to resonate in the middle of the structure and pass to the output terminal, we were able to focus on the absorption rate rather than the transmission. As a result, the maximum glucose and cancerous cell absorption rates reach 87.1% and 89.8%, respectively. Our unique yet simple sensor structure offers exciting new possibilities for detecting different cancerous cells and glucose concentrations, while the impressive sensitivity and quality factor make it an exceptional candidate for a wide range of biosensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has become a priority of physics, chemistry, and material science to find new perovskite materials with environmentally friendly, excellent photoelectric properties and stable structures. This paper reports the design of lead-free double perovskite Rb2KBiCl6 and the effects of pressure on its structural, electronic, and optical properties. Also, its thermoelectric (TE) properties were systematically studied using a first-principles calculation based on density functional theory (DFT). It is found that Rb2KBiCl6 exhibits significant optical absorption in the ultraviolet range and that the band gap is an ideal choice for series photovoltaic applications and for use in wide-band-gap photovoltaic materials. At the same time, Rb2KBiCl6 shows excellent TE properties. In addition, the research results suggest a new way to adjust the crystal structure, optical band gap, and electronic structure of such materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastic wave metamaterials, such as phononic crystals (PnCs) always composed of several materials in terms of periodical structures, possess unique acoustic characteristic which can exhibit outstanding performance in forbidding wave propagation with some specific frequencies. In this paper, due to the thermal sensitivity of the thermally induced shape memory polymers (SMP) and period thermal fields, a tunable planar acoustic metamaterial which is constituent homogeneous is proposed and designed to realize the function of waveguides. A thin plate model composed of homogenous thermally induced SMP and adhered with a series of metallic films at the top boundary which plays the role of local heating sources is established. The homogenous plate can be transferred into acoustic metamaterial once the non-uniform period thermal fields are imported. Based on the Fourier law of heat conduction and finite element method (FEM), a two-dimensional numerical model via COMSOL Multiphysics is carried out to perform the in-plane mode band structures and transmission spectra. The results show that the bandgap will be effectively opened and change obviously as the injected heat flux increases. Furthermore, band structures of 7 × 1 supercell with thermal defect are performed to reveal the design guideline of waveguides which is supposed to be the basis of line-type and L-type waveguides. The tunable characteristics of waveguides based on thermal fields with thermal defects are also discussed. These results may pave a new avenue for the design of tunable acoustic metamaterial composed of thermal sensitive material which own a prospect to be applied in area of acoustic waveguides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has become a priority of physics, chemistry, and material science to find new perovskite materials with environmentally friendly, excellent photoelectric properties and stable structures. This paper reports the design of lead-free double perovskite Rb2KBiCl6 and the effects of pressure on its structural, electronic, and optical properties. Also, its thermoelectric (TE) properties were systematically studied using a first-principles calculation based on density functional theory (DFT). It is found that Rb2KBiCl6 exhibits significant optical absorption in the ultraviolet range and that the band gap is an ideal choice for series photovoltaic applications and for use in wide-band-gap photovoltaic materials. At the same time, Rb2KBiCl6 shows excellent TE properties. In addition, the research results suggest a new way to adjust the crystal structure, optical band gap, and electronic structure of such materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of the hexagonal Ceria CeO2 have been studied with hybrid functionals. The rare-earth oxide compound exhibits a Γ − M indirect bandgap, with a bandgap energy of 2.706 eV. The electronic bandstructure has been described in detail in terms of orbital states. The rare-earth Ce f orbital contributes to the conduction band and transitional Ce d, O s electron orbitals to the valence bands. Our optical spectra also fully explain the structural and electronic properties of the material. (i.e. atomic-bonding, density or capacity inside Cerium oxide system, and the excitation of electrons to transfer from valence O 2p to conduction Ce f orbitals, leading to orbital hybridizations, etc.). Finally, our elastic coefficients verify the mechanical stability of our Ceria system. Our bandgap energy found is in excellent agreement with the experimental data. A high optical absorption coefficient of up to 1 × 1 0 5  cm − 1 is found, indicating a good material absorption within the ultraviolet C (UVC) range. The findings of this work would be beneficial to both theoretical and experimental research works to explore the potential applications of CeO2 in optoelectronics devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss the forced convective heat transfer of power-law fluid flow through porous annular sector duct by applying the Brinkman-extended Darcy flow model. A strongly implicit procedure (SIP) is utilized to solve the algebraic momentum and energy equations which was discretized by using the finite volume method (FVM). The effects of permeability factor and power-law index corresponding to the Brinkman-extended Darcy flow model and power-law fluid, respectively, on flow and heat transfer rate are carried out numerically and graphically against different values of parameters corresponding to geometrical configuration. In the pseudo-plastic fluids, a maximum decrease of more than 1 0 0 % has been observed in f Re , whereas maximum decrease in dilatant fluid is around 3 0 % , when we increase the values of k. A decrease of 16.02% in Nu has been carried out in pseudo-plastic fluid, whereas unforeseen decrease in Nu has been observed in both Newtonian and dilatant fluids comparably pseudo-plastic fluid for particular values of k. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to construct a six-component integrable hierarchy associated with a matrix spatial spectral problem of arbitrary order. The adopted method is the zero curvature formulation. The corresponding Hamiltonian formulation is furnished by using the trace identity, which guarantees the Liouville integrability for the resulting hierarchy. Two illustrative examples of integrable equations of lower orders are six-component coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations and modified Korteweg–de Vries equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we proposed a new model based on the electron tunneling effect in a four-level quantum dot molecule (QDM) for studying the optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM). The QDM interacts with a probe and two coupling and Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) fields. We found that by adjusting the electron tunneling effect and the parametric controlling of LG light, the transition from OB to OM or vice versa is possible. Moreover, due to the simultaneous interaction between coupling and LG lights with the same optical transition adjusting the threshold of OB and OM by orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the LG light becomes achievable. Our results show that by adjusting the simultaneous effect of electron tunneling and OAM state of the vortex light, the favorable OB and OM patterns with adjustable intensity thresholds are achievable. Our proposed model may have potential application in quantum information science based on quantum dot (QD) devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze quantum walks on cycles with an absorbing wall. We set the absorbing wall on cycles with N vertices (where N is an even number), and divide | φ (t) 〉 into two parts, L (t) and R (t). Due to the periodicity of the cycles, the condition L (M + N) = L (M) (or R (M + N) = R (M)) is applied to L (t) and R (t) , then the transmission probability P M and reflection probability Q M at the absorbing wall n = M (M = N 2) at time t are obtained. Furthermore, we show that over time, the absorbing wall absorbs less and less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the deepening of research on quantum information transmission, multicast-based quantum teleportation (QT) has attracted considerable attention. In this paper, utilizing the six-qubit cluster state entanglement feature, a synchronous multicast-based QT scheme is presented, which fulfills multicast-based QT among four participants. This means that a controller is not needed, the sender Alice can realize quantum multicast communication successfully and efficiently, which makes the receivers Bob, Charlie and David gain the desired states synchronously with only knowing the measurement outcomes of Alice. Our scheme realizes the synchronous transmission of different coded information. In addition, we analyze the impact of four distinct noises and calculate the fidelities of the output states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under investigation is the (2+1)-dimensional version of fifth-order equation, which is an extension of the (1+1)-dimensional fifth-order equation. First, the N -soliton solutions of this (2+1)-dimensional equation are constructed by using its Hirota bilinear form. Second, through using long-wave limit technique and selecting appropriate parameters for the N -soliton solutions, diverse localized wave structures including kink soliton, breather, lump solution and their mixed interaction behaviors are obtained, and relevant dynamics features are discussed and analyzed graphically. Finally, some mathematical properties and special physical phenomena are summarized. The results obtained in this paper might be helpful to deepen the understanding of the interaction evolution of nonlinear localized waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the stronger moment conditions which are sufficient to show the finiteness of the first collision time between N -dimensional Gaussian jump particle and another N -dimensional Brownian particle in a fractured medium. To obtain these conditions, we use the triangular arrays of the random sequence vector which gives all probable positions of the first collision at any time. This study is an extension of the analytical study which is detailed in Alzulaibani and El-Hadidy [Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 33(28) (2019) 1950334] using the uniform integrability conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we give the form of q -cmKP hierarchy generated by the gauge transformation operator T n + k . We show a necessary and sufficient condition to reduce the generalized q -Wronskian solutions from the q -mKP hierarchy to generalize q -Wronskian solutions of M -component q -cmKP hierarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The noise attenuation ability of a single material or structure, especially for low-frequency noise, is limited by its thickness. Aiming to achieve high-efficiency noise attenuation at low frequencies, this paper proposes the methods of porous material filling and micro-perforated plate (MPP) embedding to design a perfect sound absorber at different frequencies using the under-loss Helmholtz resonator (HR). Based on the transfer matrix method, the theoretical calculation models of the sound absorption coefficients of the HR, Helmholtz resonator with porous material (HRP), and Helmholtz resonator with micro-perforated plates (HRM) are constructed. Based on the theoretical models, the under-loss absorber HR1 with the peak absorption at 243 Hz, and the HRP and HRM with perfect absorption at 212 Hz and 157 Hz are designed, respectively. The impedance analysis and complex frequency plane method are used to analyze the sound absorption mechanisms of the HR1, HRP, and HRM. The accuracy of the theoretical model is verified by the finite element method. Finally, the three acoustic absorbers are manufactured using 3D printing technology, and the absorption coefficients are evaluated experimentally. The experimental results show that the HR1 has a high working frequency at 245 Hz and a narrow bandwidth of high-efficiency sound absorption (α > 0. 8), which is only 12 Hz. The working frequency of the HRP is 214 Hz, and its high-efficiency sound absorption bandwidth is 54 Hz. The HRP has the lowest working frequency at 157 Hz and the widest high-efficiency sound absorption bandwidth of 58 Hz among the three absorbers. The research results presented in this paper provide a reference for the realization of low-frequency broadband noise attenuation designs and have certain application potential in noise control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]