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Using various chromatographic methods, two new alkaloids, antidesoic acids A (1) and B (2) along with fourteen known compounds (3-16) were isolated from the leaves of Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn. Their chemical structures were elucidated by physical and chemical methods. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity on LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in BV2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Bisflavone 8 significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated NO production in BV2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 5.4 and 8.0 μM, respectively. Compounds 1–3, 7, 10, 12, 14, and 16 showed moderate inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 11.7 to 77.4 μM.

Using various chromatographic methods, one new sesquiterpene quinone named smenohaimien F (1) and five known, neodactyloquinone (2), dactyloquinone C (3), dactyloquinone D (4), isoamijiol (5), and amijiol (6), were isolated from the marine sponge Smenospongia cerebriformis DuchassaingMichelotti, 1864. Their structures were elucidated by ID-, 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis, HR-ESI-MS, and by comparing with the NMR data reported in the literature. The cytotoxic activities of the all compounds were evaluated on five human cancer cell lines, LU-1, HL-60, SK-Mel-2, HepG-2, and MCF-7. Compound 4 was found to exhibit significant cytotoxic activities on all tested human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.7 to 1.6 μg/mL.

Two new sesquiterpenes and one new bis-sesquiterpene, named dysinidins C-E (1–3) along with three known sterols, dysideasterol F, 9α,11α-epoxycholest-7-en-3β,5α,6α-triol, and 9α,11α-epoxycholest-7-en-3β,5α,6α,19-tetrol 6-acetate (4–6) were isolated from the Vietnamese marine sponge Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1814). Their structures were determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopies and HR-ESI-MS, as well as by comparison with reported literature data. Compounds 4–6 were found to inhibit eight human cancer cell lines (KB, LU-1, HL-60, LNCaP, SK-Mel-2, HepG-2, MCF-7, and PC-3), with IC50 values ranging from 7.3 to 31.5 μM.

Two new steroidal glucosides, chantriolides D and E (1 and 2), along with four known compounds, chantriolide A (3), chantriolide B (4), chantriolide C (5), and (25S)-spirost-5-en-3-ol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1--2)-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1--3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) were isolated from the rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri. Their structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and HR-ESI-MS data, as well as by comparison with reported data. Compounds 1 and 2 were found to show strong inhibitory NO effect in BV2 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 12.45 and 59.03 µM, respectively.

Two new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, named glomeruloside I (1) and glomeruloside II (2), were isolated from the leaves of Glochidion glomerulatum (Miq.) Boerl. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, MS data, and chemical methods.

A new ent-kaurane glycoside, annoglabasin H (1), and three known ent-kauranes, annoglabasin E (2), annoglabasin B (3), and 19-nor-ent-kaurent-4-ol-17-oic acid (4) were isolated from the fruits of Annona glabra. Their structures were determined by the combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods, including 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, as well as by comparison with the NMR data reported in the literature. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated on four human cancer cell lines, LU-1, MCF-7, SK-Mel2, and KB. Compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on all tested human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 3.7 to 4.6 μM.

One new isoflavane, 7,4′-dihydroxy-isoflavanquinone (1), together with ten known compounds (2–11) were isolated from the bark of Dalbergia oliveri Prain. The structures of compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR and CD spectroscopic data. Using a cell proliferation assay, the isolated compounds were evaluated for their proliferation effects on hair growth. (3 R)-5’-Methoxyvestitol (2) and (6a R,11a R)-3,8-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan (10) significantly increased the proliferation of immortalized dermal papilla cells (iDPC).

Two new resorcinol derivatives, named agrimopilosides A and B (1 and 2), along with two known compounds, (2 S, 3 S)-aromadendrin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (2 S, 3 S)-glucodistylin (4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Agrimonia pilosa. Their chemical structures were determined by mean of HRMS, NMR, CD spectra, and as well as by comparison with the reported data. At concentration of 20 μM, compounds 1–4 modestly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, with the inhibitory rates in the range of 9.55–33.73%. None of them showed cytotoxicity toward HepG2, MCF-7, and SK-LU-1 human cancer cells by MTT assay.

Using various chromatographic methods, one new sesquiterpene quinone named smenohaimien F (1) and five known, neodactyloquinone (2), dactyloquinone C (3), dactyloquinone D (4), isoamijiol (5), and amijiol (6), were isolated from the marine sponge Smenospongia cerebriformis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864. Their structures were elucidated by 1D-, 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis, HR-ESI-MS, and by comparing with the NMR data reported in the literature. The cytotoxic activities of the all compounds were evaluated on five human cancer cell lines, LU-1, HL-60, SK-Mel-2, HepG-2, and MCF-7. Compound 4 was found to exhibit significant cytotoxic activities on all tested human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.7 to 1.6 μg/mL.

Two new phenolic glycosides, physangulosides A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the whole plant of Physalis angulata. Their chemical structures were determined by mean of HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D-NMR spectra. Both of the compounds showed weak protection against hydrogen peroxide induced hepatocytes damage.

Using combined chromatographic methods, two new compounds, 6β,9β:9,13-diepoxymegastig-4-en-3β-ol (1), 5α,6α-epoxy D:C-friedoolean-8-en-3β-ol (2) were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Glochidion obliquum Decne. Their structures were elucidated by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra and in comparison with those reported in the literature.

Two new sesquiterpenes, named dysinidins A-B (3, 4) along with two known sesquiterpenes, furodysinin lactone (1) and O-methyl furodysinin lactone (2), were isolated from the Vietnamese marine sponge Dysidea fragilis. Their structures were determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopies and HR ESI MS, as well as by comparison with reported literature data. None of compounds showed inhibitory growth of human lung cancer cell lines, A-549 and H-1975 (IC50 > 30μM).

Two new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, named glomeruloside I (1) and glomeruloside II (2), were isolated from the leaves of Glochidion glomerulatum (Miq.) Boerl. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, MS data, and chemical methods.

A new ent-kaurane glycoside, annoglabasin H (1), and three known ent-kauranes, annoglabasin E (2), annoglabasin B (3), and 19-nor- ent-kaurent-4-ol-17-oic acid (4) were isolated from the fruits of Annona glabra. Their structures were determined by the combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods, including 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, as well as by comparison with the NMR data reported in the literature. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated on four human cancer cell lines, LU-1, MCF-7, SK-Mel2, and KB. Compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on all tested human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 3.7 to 4.6 μM.

Two new isoflavone glycosides, dalspinosin 7-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and caviunin 7-O-(5-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), and two known compounds, caviunin 7-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and caviunin (4) were isolated from the stems of Dalbergia vietnamensis. Their structures were determined by the combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods, including 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, as well as by comparing with the NMR data reported in the literature.

One new flavonol glycoside, 4′- O-methylmyricitrin 3′- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), one new sesquiterpene, reynoudiol (11), as well as the 12 known compounds (2–10, 12–14) quercetin 3- O-methyl ether (2), quercitrin (3), isorhamnetin 3- α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), tamarixetin 3- α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), myricitrin (6), 4′- O-methylmyricitrin (7), isorhamnetin 3- O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→2)- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), isorhamnetin 3- O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), (+)-catechin (10), 7-drimene-3,11,12-triol (12), clovane-2 β,9 α-diol (13), and α-cadinol (14), were isolated from the methanol extract of Reynoutria japonica roots. Based on in vitro screening of the anti-influenza activity of the isolated compounds, reynoudiol showed significantly higher activity than that of oseltamivir phosphate at the same concentration, and did not induce any detectable cytopathic effect in MDCK cells. The CC50 of reynoudiol was above 50 μM and could inhibit influenza virus infection with an IC50 of 0.29 ± 0.01 μM. The therapeutic index (TI) of reynoudiol against influenza infection was 172.4, and thus, this compound can be potentially used to treat oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus infection.

Four new cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides, charantosides D-G (1-4) were isolated from a methanol extract of Momordica charantia fruits. The structures of these compounds were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods to be (19R)-5 beta,19-epoxy-25-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3 beta,19-diol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, (19R)-5 beta, 19-epoxy-25-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3 beta,19-diol 3-O-beta-D-allopyranoside, 7 beta-methoxycucurbita-5,23E,25-triene-3 beta-ol 3-O-beta-D-allopyranoside, and 3 beta,7 beta-dihydroxycucurbita-5,23E,25-triene- 19-al 3-O-beta-D-allopyranoside.

One new biscembranoid, petronigrione (1), and five known compounds, methyl tortuoate B (2), lobophytone U (3), lobophytone H (4), (24 S)-ergostane 3β,5α,6β,25tetraol-25-monoacetate (5), and (24 S)-ergostane-1β,3β,5α,6β,25-pentaol-25-monoacetate (6), were isolated from the methanol extract of the marine sponge Petrosia nigricans. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. The cytotoxicity of all compounds was evaluated by MTT assay on four human cancer cell lines, HepG2, KB, LU-1, and MCF-7. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities on the four human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging of 20.7 - 28.9 μg/mL.