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1. Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms

Author

Zuntini, Alexandre R., primary, Carruthers, Tom, additional, Maurin, Olivier, additional, Bailey, Paul C., additional, Leempoel, Kevin, additional, Brewer, Grace E., additional, Epitawalage, Niroshini, additional, Françoso, Elaine, additional, Gallego-Paramo, Berta, additional, McGinnie, Catherine, additional, Negrão, Raquel, additional, Roy, Shyamali R., additional, Simpson, Lalita, additional, Toledo Romero, Eduardo, additional, Barber, Vanessa M. A., additional, Botigué, Laura, additional, Clarkson, James J., additional, Cowan, Robyn S., additional, Dodsworth, Steven, additional, Johnson, Matthew G., additional, Kim, Jan T., additional, Pokorny, Lisa, additional, Wickett, Norman J., additional, Antar, Guilherme M., additional, DeBolt, Lucinda, additional, Gutierrez, Karime, additional, Hendriks, Kasper P., additional, Hoewener, Alina, additional, Hu, Ai-Qun, additional, Joyce, Elizabeth M., additional, Kikuchi, Izai A. B. S., additional, Larridon, Isabel, additional, Larson, Drew A., additional, de Lírio, Elton John, additional, Liu, Jing-Xia, additional, Malakasi, Panagiota, additional, Przelomska, Natalia A. S., additional, Shah, Toral, additional, Viruel, Juan, additional, Allnutt, Theodore R., additional, Ameka, Gabriel K., additional, Andrew, Rose L., additional, Appelhans, Marc S., additional, Arista, Montserrat, additional, Ariza, María Jesús, additional, Arroyo, Juan, additional, Arthan, Watchara, additional, Bachelier, Julien B., additional, Bailey, C. Donovan, additional, Barnes, Helen F., additional, Barrett, Matthew D., additional, Barrett, Russell L., additional, Bayer, Randall J., additional, Bayly, Michael J., additional, Biffin, Ed, additional, Biggs, Nicky, additional, Birch, Joanne L., additional, Bogarín, Diego, additional, Borosova, Renata, additional, Bowles, Alexander M. C., additional, Boyce, Peter C., additional, Bramley, Gemma L. C., additional, Briggs, Marie, additional, Broadhurst, Linda, additional, Brown, Gillian K., additional, Bruhl, Jeremy J., additional, Bruneau, Anne, additional, Buerki, Sven, additional, Burns, Edie, additional, Byrne, Margaret, additional, Cable, Stuart, additional, Calladine, Ainsley, additional, Callmander, Martin W., additional, Cano, Ángela, additional, Cantrill, David J., additional, Cardinal-McTeague, Warren M., additional, Carlsen, Mónica M., additional, Carruthers, Abigail J. A., additional, de Castro Mateo, Alejandra, additional, Chase, Mark W., additional, Chatrou, Lars W., additional, Cheek, Martin, additional, Chen, Shilin, additional, Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., additional, Christin, Pascal-Antoine, additional, Clements, Mark A., additional, Coffey, Skye C., additional, Conran, John G., additional, Cornejo, Xavier, additional, Couvreur, Thomas L. P., additional, Cowie, Ian D., additional, Csiba, Laszlo, additional, Darbyshire, Iain, additional, Davidse, Gerrit, additional, Davies, Nina M. J., additional, Davis, Aaron P., additional, van Dijk, Kor-jent, additional, Downie, Stephen R., additional, Duretto, Marco F., additional, Duvall, Melvin R., additional, Edwards, Sara L., additional, Eggli, Urs, additional, Erkens, Roy H. J., additional, Escudero, Marcial, additional, de la Estrella, Manuel, additional, Fabriani, Federico, additional, Fay, Michael F., additional, Ferreira, Paola de L., additional, Ficinski, Sarah Z., additional, Fowler, Rachael M., additional, Frisby, Sue, additional, Fu, Lin, additional, Fulcher, Tim, additional, Galbany-Casals, Mercè, additional, Gardner, Elliot M., additional, German, Dmitry A., additional, Giaretta, Augusto, additional, Gibernau, Marc, additional, Gillespie, Lynn J., additional, González, Cynthia C., additional, Goyder, David J., additional, Graham, Sean W., additional, Grall, Aurélie, additional, Green, Laura, additional, Gunn, Bee F., additional, Gutiérrez, Diego G., additional, Hackel, Jan, additional, Haevermans, Thomas, additional, Haigh, Anna, additional, Hall, Jocelyn C., additional, Hall, Tony, additional, Harrison, Melissa J., additional, Hatt, Sebastian A., additional, Hidalgo, Oriane, additional, Hodkinson, Trevor R., additional, Holmes, Gareth D., additional, Hopkins, Helen C. F., additional, Jackson, Christopher J., additional, James, Shelley A., additional, Jobson, Richard W., additional, Kadereit, Gudrun, additional, Kahandawala, Imalka M., additional, Kainulainen, Kent, additional, Kato, Masahiro, additional, Kellogg, Elizabeth A., additional, King, Graham J., additional, Klejevskaja, Beata, additional, Klitgaard, Bente B., additional, Klopper, Ronell R., additional, Knapp, Sandra, additional, Koch, Marcus A., additional, Leebens-Mack, James H., additional, Lens, Frederic, additional, Leon, Christine J., additional, Léveillé-Bourret, Étienne, additional, Lewis, Gwilym P., additional, Li, De-Zhu, additional, Li, Lan, additional, Liede-Schumann, Sigrid, additional, Livshultz, Tatyana, additional, Lorence, David, additional, Lu, Meng, additional, Lu-Irving, Patricia, additional, Luber, Jaquelini, additional, Lucas, Eve J., additional, Luján, Manuel, additional, Lum, Mabel, additional, Macfarlane, Terry D., additional, Magdalena, Carlos, additional, Mansano, Vidal F., additional, Masters, Lizo E., additional, Mayo, Simon J., additional, McColl, Kristina, additional, McDonnell, Angela J., additional, McDougall, Andrew E., additional, McLay, Todd G. B., additional, McPherson, Hannah, additional, Meneses, Rosa I., additional, Merckx, Vincent S. F. T., additional, Michelangeli, Fabián A., additional, Mitchell, John D., additional, Monro, Alexandre K., additional, Moore, Michael J., additional, Mueller, Taryn L., additional, Mummenhoff, Klaus, additional, Munzinger, Jérôme, additional, Muriel, Priscilla, additional, Murphy, Daniel J., additional, Nargar, Katharina, additional, Nauheimer, Lars, additional, Nge, Francis J., additional, Nyffeler, Reto, additional, Orejuela, Andrés, additional, Ortiz, Edgardo M., additional, Palazzesi, Luis, additional, Peixoto, Ariane Luna, additional, Pell, Susan K., additional, Pellicer, Jaume, additional, Penneys, Darin S., additional, Perez-Escobar, Oscar A., additional, Persson, Claes, additional, Pignal, Marc, additional, Pillon, Yohan, additional, Pirani, José R., additional, Plunkett, Gregory M., additional, Powell, Robyn F., additional, Prance, Ghillean T., additional, Puglisi, Carmen, additional, Qin, Ming, additional, Rabeler, Richard K., additional, Rees, Paul E. J., additional, Renner, Matthew, additional, Roalson, Eric H., additional, Rodda, Michele, additional, Rogers, Zachary S., additional, Rokni, Saba, additional, Rutishauser, Rolf, additional, de Salas, Miguel F., additional, Schaefer, Hanno, additional, Schley, Rowan J., additional, Schmidt-Lebuhn, Alexander, additional, Shapcott, Alison, additional, Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan, additional, Shepherd, Kelly A., additional, Simmons, Mark P., additional, Simões, André O., additional, Simões, Ana Rita G., additional, Siros, Michelle, additional, Smidt, Eric C., additional, Smith, James F., additional, Snow, Neil, additional, Soltis, Douglas E., additional, Soltis, Pamela S., additional, Soreng, Robert J., additional, Sothers, Cynthia A., additional, Starr, Julian R., additional, Stevens, Peter F., additional, Straub, Shannon C. K., additional, Struwe, Lena, additional, Taylor, Jennifer M., additional, Telford, Ian R. H., additional, Thornhill, Andrew H., additional, Tooth, Ifeanna, additional, Trias-Blasi, Anna, additional, Udovicic, Frank, additional, Utteridge, Timothy M. A., additional, Del Valle, Jose C., additional, Verboom, G. Anthony, additional, Vonow, Helen P., additional, Vorontsova, Maria S., additional, de Vos, Jurriaan M., additional, Al-Wattar, Noor, additional, Waycott, Michelle, additional, Welker, Cassiano A. D., additional, White, Adam J., additional, Wieringa, Jan J., additional, Williamson, Luis T., additional, Wilson, Trevor C., additional, Wong, Sin Yeng, additional, Woods, Lisa A., additional, Woods, Roseina, additional, Worboys, Stuart, additional, Xanthos, Martin, additional, Yang, Ya, additional, Zhang, Yu-Xiao, additional, Zhou, Meng-Yuan, additional, Zmarzty, Sue, additional, Zuloaga, Fernando O., additional, Antonelli, Alexandre, additional, Bellot, Sidonie, additional, Crayn, Darren M., additional, Grace, Olwen M., additional, Kersey, Paul J., additional, Leitch, Ilia J., additional, Sauquet, Hervé, additional, Smith, Stephen A., additional, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., additional, Forest, Félix, additional, and Baker, William J., additional

Published
2024
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2. Astrocytes mediate synapse elimination through MEGF10 and MERTK pathways

Author

Chung, Won-Suk, Clarke, Laura E, Wang, Gordon X, Stafford, Benjamin K, Sher, Alexander, Chakraborty, Chandrani, Joung, Julia, Foo, Lynette C, Thompson, Andrew, Chen, Chinfei, Smith, Stephen J, and Barres, Ben A

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Information and Computing Sciences, Neurosciences, Machine Learning, Underpinning research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Aetiology, Neurological, Animals, Astrocytes, Brain, In Vitro Techniques, Lateral Thalamic Nuclei, Learning, Membrane Proteins, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Neural Pathways, Phagocytosis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Retina, Synapses, c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase, General Science & Technology
Abstract

To achieve its precise neural connectivity, the developing mammalian nervous system undergoes extensive activity-dependent synapse remodelling. Recently, microglial cells have been shown to be responsible for a portion of synaptic pruning, but the remaining mechanisms remain unknown. Here we report a new role for astrocytes in actively engulfing central nervous system synapses. This process helps to mediate synapse elimination, requires the MEGF10 and MERTK phagocytic pathways, and is strongly dependent on neuronal activity. Developing mice deficient in both astrocyte pathways fail to refine their retinogeniculate connections normally and retain excess functional synapses. Finally, we show that in the adult mouse brain, astrocytes continuously engulf both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. These studies reveal a novel role for astrocytes in mediating synapse elimination in the developing and adult brain, identify MEGF10 and MERTK as critical proteins in the synapse remodelling underlying neural circuit refinement, and have important implications for understanding learning and memory as well as neurological disease processes.

Published
2013

3. A multi-modal parcellation of human cerebral cortex

Author

Glasser, Matthew F., Coalson, Timothy S., Robinson, Emma C., Hacker, Carl D., Harwell, John, Yacoub, Essa, Ugurbil, Kamil, Andersson, Jesper, Beckmann, Christian F., Jenkinson, Mark, Smith, Stephen M., and Van Essen, David C.

Subjects
Cerebral cortex -- Physiological aspects, Brain mapping -- Methods, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Understanding the amazingly complex human cerebral cortex requires a map (or parcellation) of its major subdivisions, known as cortical areas. Making an accurate areal map has been a century-old objective in neuroscience. Using multimodal magnetic resonance images from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and an objective semi-automated neuroanatomical approach, we delineated 180 areas per hemisphere bounded by sharp changes in cortical architecture, function, connectivity, and/or topography in a precisely aligned group average of 210 healthy young adults. We characterized 97 new areas and 83 areas previously reported using post-mortem microscopy or other specialized study- specific approaches. To enable automated delineation and identification of these areas in new HCP subjects and in future studies, we trained a machine-learning classifier to recognize the multi-modal 'fingerprint' of each cortical area. This classifier detected the presence of 96.6% of the cortical areas in new subjects, replicated the group parcellation, and could correctly locate areas in individuals with atypical parcellations. The freely available parcellation and classifier will enable substantially improved neuroanatomical precision for studies of the structural and functional organization of human cerebral cortex and its variation across individuals and in development, aging, and disease., Neuroscientists have long sought to subdivide the human brain into a mosaic of anatomically and functionally distinct, spatially contiguous areas (cortical areas and subcortical nuclei), as a prerequisite for understanding [...]

Published
2016
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4. SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank

Author

Douaud, Gwenaëlle, primary, Lee, Soojin, additional, Alfaro-Almagro, Fidel, additional, Arthofer, Christoph, additional, Wang, Chaoyue, additional, McCarthy, Paul, additional, Lange, Frederik, additional, Andersson, Jesper L. R., additional, Griffanti, Ludovica, additional, Duff, Eugene, additional, Jbabdi, Saad, additional, Taschler, Bernd, additional, Keating, Peter, additional, Winkler, Anderson M., additional, Collins, Rory, additional, Matthews, Paul M., additional, Allen, Naomi, additional, Miller, Karla L., additional, Nichols, Thomas E., additional, and Smith, Stephen M., additional

Published
2022
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5. Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments

Author

Zanne, Amy E., Tank, David C., Cornwell, William K., Eastman, Jonathan M., Smith, Stephen A., FitzJohn, Richard G., McGlinn, Daniel J., O'Meara, Brian C., Moles, Angela T., Reich, Peter B., Royer, Dana L., Soltis, Douglas E., Stevens, Peter F., Westoby, Mark, Wright, Ian J., Aarssen, Lonnie, Bertin, Robert I., Calaminus, Andre, Govaerts, Rafael, Hemmings, Frank, Leishman, Michelle R., Oleksyn, Jacek, Soltis, Pamela S., Swenson, Nathan G., Warman, Laura, and Beaulieu, Jeremy M.

Subjects
Angiosperms -- Natural history, Evolutionary biology -- Research, Plants -- Evolution, Plant physiological ecology -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Early flowering plants are thought to have been woody species restricted to warm habitats (1-3). This lineage has since radiated into almost every climate, with manifold growth forms (4). As angiosperms spread and climate changed, they evolved mechanisms to cope with episodic freezing. To explore the evolution of traits underpinning the ability to persist in freezing conditions, we assembled a large species-level database of growth habit (woody or herbaceous; 49,064 species), as well as leaf phenology (evergreen or deciduous), diameter of hydraulic conduits (that is, xylem vessels and tracheids) and climate occupancies (exposure to freezing). To model the evolution of species' traits and climate occupancies, we combined these data with an unparalleled dated molecular phylogeny (32,223 species) for land plants. Here we show that woody clades successfully moved into freezing-prone environments by either possessing transport networks of small safe conduits (5) and/or shutting down hydraulic function by dropping leaves during freezing. Herbaceous species largely avoided freezing periods by senescing cheaply constructed aboveground tissue. Growth habit has long been considered labile (6), but we find that growth habit was less labile than climate occupancy. Additionally, freezing environments were largely filled by lineages that had already become herbs or, when remaining woody, already had small conduits (that is, the trait evolved before the climate occupancy). By contrast, most deciduous woody lineages had an evolutionary shift to seasonally shedding their leaves only after exposure to freezing (that is, the climate occupancy evolved before the trait). For angiosperms to inhabit novel cold environments they had to gain new structural and functional trait solutions; our results suggest that many of these solutions were probably acquired before their foray into the cold., Flowering plants (angiosperms) today grow in a vast range of environmental conditions, with this breadth probably related to their diverse morphology and physiology (7). However, early angiosperms are generally thought [...]

Published
2014

6. Evolutionary history of the angiosperm flora of China

Author

Lu, Li-Min, Mao, Ling-Feng, Yang, Tuo, Ye, Jian-Fei, Liu, Bing, Li, Hong-Lei, Sun, Miao, Miller, Joseph T., Mathews, Sarah, Hu, Hai-Hua, Niu, Yan-Ting, Peng, Dan-Xiao, Chen, You-Hua, Smith, Stephen A., Chen, Min, Xiang, Kun-Li, Le, Chi-Toan, Dang, Viet-Cuong, Lu, An-Ming, Soltis, Pamela S., Soltis, Douglas E., Li, Jian-Hua, and Chen, Zhi-Duan

Subjects
Angiosperms -- Natural history, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Li-Min Lu [1]; Ling-Feng Mao [2]; Tuo Yang [1]; Jian-Fei Ye [1, 3, 4]; Bing Liu [1, 5]; Hong-Lei Li [6, 7]; Miao Sun [8, 9]; Joseph T. Miller [...]

Published
2018
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7. Zanne et al. reply

Author

Zanne, Amy E., Tank, David C., Cornwell, William K., Eastman, Jonathan M., Smith, Stephen A., FitzJohn, Richard G., McGlinn, Daniel J., OʼMeara, Brian C., Moles, Angela T., Reich, Peter B., Royer, Dana L., Soltis, Douglas E., Stevens, Peter F., Westoby, Mark, Wright, Ian J., Aarssen, Lonnie, Bertin, Robert I., Calaminus, Andre, Govaerts, Rafaël, Hemmings, Frank, Leishman, Michelle R., Oleksyn, Jacek, Soltis, Pamela S., Swenson, Nathan G., Warman, Laura, and Beaulieu, Jeremy M.

Published
2015
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8. Resolving the evolutionary relationships of molluscs with phylogenomic tools

Author

Smith, Stephen A., Wilson, Nerida G., Goetz, Freya E., Feehery, Caitlin, Andrade, Sonia C. S., Rouse, Greg W., Giribet, Gonzalo, and Dunn, Casey W.

Subjects
Evolution -- Research, Mollusks -- Research -- Origin -- Physiological aspects -- Identification and classification, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Molluscs (snails, octopuses, clams and their relatives) have a great disparity of body plans and, among the animals, only arthropods surpass them in species number. This diversity has made Mollusca one of the best-studied groups of animals, yet their evolutionary relationships remain poorly resolved (1). Open questions have important implications for the origin of Mollusca and for morphological evolution within the group. These questions include whether the shell-less, vermiform aplacophoran molluscs diverged before the origin of the shelled molluscs (Conchifera) (2-4) or lost their shells secondarily. Monoplacophorans were not included in molecular studies until recently (5,6), when it was proposed that they constitute a clade named Serialia together with Polyplacophora (chitons), reflecting the serial repetition of body organs in both groups (5). Attempts to understand the early evolution of molluscs become even more complex when considering the large diversity of Cambrian fossils. These can have multiple dorsal shell plates and sclerites (7-10) or can be shell-less but with a typical molluscan radula and serially repeated gills (11). To better resolve the relationships among molluscs, we generated transcriptome data for 15 species that, in combination with existing data, represent for the first time all major molluscan groups. We analysed multiple data sets containing up to 216,402 sites and 1,185 gene regions using multiple models and methods. Our results support the clade Aculifera, containing the three molluscan groups with spicules but without true shells, and they support the monophyly of Conchifera. Monoplacophora is not the sister group to other Conchifera but to Cephalopoda. Strong support is found for a clade that comprises Scaphopoda (tusk shells), Gastropoda and Bivalvia, with most analyses placing Scaphopoda and Gastropoda as sister groups. This well-resolved tree will constitute a framework for further studies of mollusc evolution, development and anatomy., Since the first animal phylogenies based on molecular data, many researchers have struggled to resolve mollusc phylogenies even as taxon sampling improved (5,6,12) (see Fig. 1 for some hypotheses that [...]

Published
2011

9. Oxidation of methane by a biological dicopper centre

Author

Balasubramanian, Ramakrishnan, Smith, Stephen M., Rawat, Swati, Yatsunyk, Liliya A., Stemmler, Timothy L., and Rosenzweig, Amy C.

Subjects
Methane -- Research, Genetic code -- Usage, Spectrum analysis -- Usage, Oxidation-reduction reaction -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Vast world reserves of methane gas are underutilized as a feedstock for the production of liquid fuels and chemicals owing to the lack of economical and sustainable strategies for the selective oxidation of methane to methanol (1). Current processes to activate the strong C-H bond (104 kcal [mol.sup.-1]) in methane require high temperatures, are costly and inefficient, and produce waste (2). In nature, methanotrophic bacteria perform this reaction under ambient conditions using metalloenzymes called methane monooxygenases (MMOs). MMOs thus provide the optimal model for an efficient, environmentally sound catalyst (3). There are two types of MMO. Soluble MMO (sMMO) is expressed by several strains of methanotroph under copper-limited conditions and oxidizes methane with a well-characterized catalytic di-iron centre (4). Particulate MMO (pMMO) is an integral membrane metalloenzyme produced by all methanotrophs and is composed of three subunits, pmoA, pmoB and pmoC, arranged in a trimeric [α.sub.3][β.sub.3][γ.sub.3] complex (5). Despite 20 years of research and the availability of two crystal structures, the metal composition and location of the pMMO metal active site are not known. Here we show that pMMO activity is dependent on copper, not iron, and that the copper active site is located in the soluble domains of the pmoB subunit rather than within the membrane. Recombinant soluble fragments of pmoB (spmoB) bind copper and have propylene and methane oxidation activities. Disruption of each copper centre in spmoB by mutagenesis indicates that the active site is a dicopper centre. These findings help resolve the pMMO controversy and provide a promising new approach to developing environmentally friendly C-H oxidation catalysts., Three distinct metal centres were identified in the 2.8 Å-resolution structure of pMMO from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath)6,7 (Fig. 1). Two copper centres are located in the soluble regions of the [...]

Published
2010
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10. Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life

Author

Dunn, Casey W., Hejnol, Andreas, Matus, David Q., Pang, Kevin, Browne, William E., Smith, Stephen A., Seaver, Elaine, Rouse, Greg W., Obst, Matthias, Edgecombe, Gregory D., Sorensen, Martin V., Haddock, Steven H.D., Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas, Okusu, Akiko, Kristensen, Reinhardt Mobjerg, Wheeler, Ward C., Martindale, Mark Q., and Giribet, Gonzalo

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Long-held ideas regarding the evolutionary relationships among animals have recently been upended by sometimes controversial hypotheses based largely on insights from molecular data (1,2). These new hypotheses include a clade [...]

Published
2008

11. Regulation of axon growth in vivo by activity-based competition

Author

Hua, Jackie Yuanyuan, Smear, Matthew C., Baier, Herwig, and Smith, Stephen J.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Jackie Yuanyuan Hua (corresponding author) [1, 2]; Matthew C. Smear [3]; Herwig Baier [3]; Stephen J. Smith [1] The formation of functional neural networks requires precise regulation of the [...]

Published
2005
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12. An anatomically comprehensive atlas of the adult human brain transcriptome

Author

Hawrylycz, Michael J., Lein, Ed S., Guillozet-Bongaarts, Angela L., Shen, Elaine H., Ng, Lydia, Miller, Jeremy A., van de Lagemaat, Louie N., Smith, Kimberly A., Ebbert, Amanda, Riley, Zackery L., Abajian, Chris, Beckmann, Christian F., Bernard, Amy, Bertagnolli, Darren, Boe, Andrew F., Cartagena, Preston M., Chakravarty, Mallar M., Chapin, Mike, Chong, Jimmy, Dalley, Rachel A., Daly, Barry David, Dang, Chinh, Datta, Suvro, Dee, Nick, Dolbeare, Tim A., Faber, Vance, Feng, David, Fowler, David R., Goldy, Jeff, Gregor, Benjamin W., Haradon, Zeb, Haynor, David R., Hohmann, John G., Horvath, Steve, Howard, Robert E., Jeromin, Andreas, Jochim, Jayson M., Kinnunen, Marty, Lau, Christopher, Lazarz, Evan T., Lee, Changkyu, Lemon, Tracy A., Li, Ling, Li, Yang, Morris, John A., Overly, Caroline C., Parker, Patrick D., Parry, Sheana E., Reding, Melissa, Royall, Joshua J., Schulkin, Jay, Sequeira, Pedro Adolfo, Slaughterbeck, Clifford R., Smith, Simon C., Sodt, Andy J., Sunkin, Susan M., Swanson, Beryl E., Vawter, Marquis P., Williams, Derric, Wohnoutka, Paul, Zielke, Ronald H., Geschwind, Daniel H., Hof, Patrick R., Smith, Stephen M., Koch, Christof, Grant, Seth G. N., and Jones, Allan R.

Published
2012
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14. Mice overexpressing human uncoupling protein-3 in skeletal muscle are hyperphagic and lean

Author

Clapham, John C., Arch, Jonathan R. S., Chapman, Helen, Haynes, Andrea, Lister, Carolyn, Moore, Gary B. T., Piercy, Valerie, Carter, Sabrina A., Lehner, Ines, Smith, Stephen A., Beeley, Lee J., Godden, Robert J., Herrity, Nicole, Skehel, Mark, Changani, K. Kumar, Hockings, Paul D., Reid, David G., Squires, Sarah M., Hatcher, Jonathan, Trail, Brenda, Latcham, Judy, Rastan, Sohaila, Harper, Alexander J., Cadenas, Susana, Buckingham, Julie A., Brand, Martin D., and Abuin, Alejandro

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): John C. Clapham (corresponding author) [1]; Jonathan R. S. Arch [1]; Helen Chapman [1]; Andrea Haynes [1]; Carolyn Lister [1]; Gary B. T. Moore [1]; Valerie Piercy [1]; Sabrina [...]

Published
2000
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16. Optical detection of a quantal presynaptic membrane turnover

Author

Ryan, Timothy A., Reuter, Harald, and Smith, Stephen J.

Subjects
Endocytosis -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Researchers have used the fluorescent dye FM 1-43 as a tracer for presynaptic endocytosis, thus making it possible to characterize both evoked and spontaneous components of presynaptic function at the level of single quanta. It was found that dye uptake takes place in quantal steps during evoked and spontaneous presynaptic function. There was seen to be temporal proximity of single-quantum dye uptake events to single-action potential stimuli. This indicates that unitary exocytic and endocytic events are closely connected in some way.

Published
1997

17. Cystic fibrosis in the mouse by targeted insertional mutagenesis

Author

Dorin, Julia R., Dickinson, Paul, Alton, Eric W.F.W., Smith, Stephen N., Geddes, Duncan M., Stevenson, Barbara J., Kimber, Wendy L., Fleming, Stewart, Clarke, Alan R., Hooper, Martin L., Anderson, Louise, Beddington, Rosa S.P., and Porteous, David J.

Subjects
Cystic fibrosis -- Models, Mice as laboratory animals -- Innovations, Mutagenesis -- Usage, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

A new mouse model for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been devised that should be useful in trials of potential treatments for this deadly autosomal recessive disorder. The new model was produced through mutagenesis or the genetic disruption of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene in murine embryonic stem cells. The detection of the characteristic CF pathophysiology in the mice such as abnormal chloride ion transport verified the similarity of the model to human CF.

Published
1992

19. Corrigendum: Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments

Author

Zanne, Amy E., Tank, David C., Cornwell, William K., Eastman, Jonathan M., Smith, Stephen A., FitzJohn, Richard G., McGlinn, Daniel J., O'Meara, Brian C., Moles, Angela T., Reich, Peter B., Royer, Dana L., Soltis, Douglas E., Stevens, Peter F., Westoby, Mark, Wright, Ian J., Aarssen, Lonnie, Bertin, Robert I., Calaminus, Andre, Govaerts, Rafaël, Hemmings, Frank, Leishman, Michelle R., Oleksyn, Jacek, Soltis, Pamela S., Swenson, Nathan G., Warman, Laura, and Beaulieu, Jeremy M.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Amy E. Zanne; David C. Tank; William K. Cornwell; Jonathan M. Eastman; Stephen A. Smith; Richard G. FitzJohn; Daniel J. McGlinn; Brian C. O'Meara; Angela T. Moles; Peter B. [...]

Published
2015
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20. Correction: Corrigendum: Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments

Author

Zanne, Amy E., primary, Tank, David C., additional, Cornwell, William K., additional, Eastman, Jonathan M., additional, Smith, Stephen A., additional, FitzJohn, Richard G., additional, McGlinn, Daniel J., additional, O'Meara, Brian C., additional, Moles, Angela T., additional, Reich, Peter B., additional, Royer, Dana L., additional, Soltis, Douglas E., additional, Stevens, Peter F., additional, Westoby, Mark, additional, Wright, Ian J., additional, Aarssen, Lonnie, additional, Bertin, Robert I., additional, Calaminus, Andre, additional, Govaerts, Rafaël, additional, Hemmings, Frank, additional, Leishman, Michelle R., additional, Oleksyn, Jacek, additional, Soltis, Pamela S., additional, Swenson, Nathan G., additional, Warman, Laura, additional, and Beaulieu, Jeremy M., additional

Published
2015
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21. Corrigendum: Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments

Author

Zanne, Amy E., Tank, David C., Cornwell, William K., Eastman, Jonathan M., Smith, Stephen A., FitzJohn, Richard G., McGlinn, Daniel J., Moles, Angela T., Reich, Peter B., Royer, Dana L., Soltis, Douglas E., Stevens, Peter F., Westoby, Mark, Wright, Ian J., Aarssen, Lonnie, Bertin, Robert I., Calaminus, Andre, Govaerts, Rafael, Hemmings, Frank, Leishman, Michelle R., Oleksyn, Jacek, Soltis, Pamela S., Swenson, Nathan G., Warman, Laura, and Beaulieu, Jeremy M.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Amy E. Zanne; David C. Tank; William K. Cornwell; Jonathan M. Eastman; Stephen A. Smith; Richard G. FitzJohn; Daniel J. McGlinn; Brian C. O'Meara; Angela T. Moles; Peter B. [...]

Published
2014
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22. Erratum: Corrigendum: Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments

Author

Zanne, Amy E., primary, Tank, David C., additional, Cornwell, William K., additional, Eastman, Jonathan M., additional, Smith, Stephen A., additional, FitzJohn, Richard G., additional, McGlinn, Daniel J., additional, O’Meara, Brian C., additional, Moles, Angela T., additional, Reich, Peter B., additional, Royer, Dana L., additional, Soltis, Douglas E., additional, Stevens, Peter F., additional, Westoby, Mark, additional, Wright, Ian J., additional, Aarssen, Lonnie, additional, Bertin, Robert I., additional, Calaminus, Andre, additional, Govaerts, Rafaël, additional, Hemmings, Frank, additional, Leishman, Michelle R., additional, Oleksyn, Jacek, additional, Soltis, Pamela S., additional, Swenson, Nathan G., additional, Warman, Laura, additional, and Beaulieu, Jeremy M., additional

Published
2014
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23. Corrigendum: Resolving the evolutionary relationships of molluscs with phylogenomic tools

Author

Smith, Stephen A., Wilson, Nerida G., Goetz, Freya E., Feehery, Caitlin, Andrade, Sonia C.S., Rouse, Greg W., Giribet, Gonzalo, and Dunn, Casey W.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Nature 480, 364-367 (2011); doi:10.1038/nature10526 In this Letter, we investigated the evolutionary relationships of molluscs with multigene data sets assembled from new transcriptome data and published genomes and transcriptomes. Since [...]

Published
2013
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24. Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments

Author

Zanne, Amy E., primary, Tank, David C., additional, Cornwell, William K., additional, Eastman, Jonathan M., additional, Smith, Stephen A., additional, FitzJohn, Richard G., additional, McGlinn, Daniel J., additional, O’Meara, Brian C., additional, Moles, Angela T., additional, Reich, Peter B., additional, Royer, Dana L., additional, Soltis, Douglas E., additional, Stevens, Peter F., additional, Westoby, Mark, additional, Wright, Ian J., additional, Aarssen, Lonnie, additional, Bertin, Robert I., additional, Calaminus, Andre, additional, Govaerts, Rafaël, additional, Hemmings, Frank, additional, Leishman, Michelle R., additional, Oleksyn, Jacek, additional, Soltis, Pamela S., additional, Swenson, Nathan G., additional, Warman, Laura, additional, and Beaulieu, Jeremy M., additional

Published
2013
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25. Just a chemical attraction

Author

Smith, Stephen J.

Subjects
Neurotransmitters -- Research, Acetylcholine -- Analysis, Neurons -- Growth, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

An analysis reveals the capacity of growing embryonic frog nerve fibers to establish not only the presence, but also a gradient, in neurotransmitter concentration. This confirms the ability of a neurotransmitter to control the direction of fiber growth. A micropipette was employed to develop clear ACh gradients near growth cones of fibers growing from cultured Xenopus spinal cord neurons.

Published
1994

30. NMDA-receptor activation increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration in cultured spinal cord neurones

Author

MacDermott, Amy B., Mayer, Mark L., Westbrook, Gary L., Smith, Stephen J., and Barker, Jeffery L.

Abstract

Excitatory amino acids act via receptor subtypes in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS)1–3. The receptor selectively activated by N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) has been best characterized using voltage-clamp and single-channel recording; the results suggest that NMDA receptors gate channels that are permeable to Na+, K+and other monovalent cations4–7. Various experiments suggest that Ca2+flux is also associated with the activation of excitatory amino-acid receptors on vertebrate neurones8–11. Whether Ca2+enters through voltage-dependent Ca2+channels or through excitatory amino-acid-activated channels of one or more subtype is unclear. Mg2+can be used to distinguish NMDA-receptor-activated channels from voltage-dependent Ca2+channels, because at micromolar concentrations Mg2+has little effect on voltage-dependent Ca2+channels12while it enters and blocks NMDA receptor channels4,5,7,13,14. Marked differences in the potency of other divalent cations acting as Ca2+channel blockers compared with their action as NMDA antagonists also distinguish the NMDA channel from voltage-sensitive Ca2+channels5,7. However, we now directly demonstrate that excitatory amino acids acting at NMDA receptors on spinal cord neurones increase the intracellular Ca2+activity, measured using the indicator dye arsenazo III, and that this is the result of Ca2+influx through NMDA receptor channels. Kainic acid (KA), which acts at another subtype of excitatory amino-acid receptor, was much less effective in triggering increases in intracellular free Ca2+.

Published
1986
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36. Detection of intracellular Ca2+transients in sympathetic neurones using arsenazo III

Author

Smith, Stephen J., MacDermott, Amy B., and Weight, Forrest F.

Abstract

Changes in cytosolic calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) have been implicated in a wide variety of cellular stimulus–transduction roles1–3. In nerve cells, it is believed that electrical activity raises [Ca2+]i, by allowing influx of Ca2+through voltage-dependent channels in the surface membrane4,5. Elevation of neuronal [Ca2+]imay also occur due to release of Ca2+from intracellular storage sites6–8. Transient increases in [Ca2+]iare thought to trigger neurotransmitter release9, and to modulate axonal transport10, energy metabolism11and growth cone movement12. Intracellular Ca2+also appears to regulate membrane potassium channels and thereby to regulate electrical excitability13. Although [Ca2+]itransients have been measured in a few giant invertebrate neurones14, detection of such transients in a vertebrate neurone has not been previously reported. We have measured [Ca2+]iin bullfrog sympathetic neurones by photometry of a microinjected calcium indicator dye, arsenazo III (refs 14–16), and report here that action potentials and voltage-clamped depolarizations cause long-lasting increases in [Ca2+]i. Also, exposure to the drug theophylline can cause spontaneous periodic increases in [Ca2+]i. Comparisons of [Ca2+]isignals with simultaneous intracellular recordings of membrane potential suggest that the kinetics of the post-tetanic hyperpolarization (PTH) following a series of action potentials or the spontaneous hyperpolarizations induced by theophylline directly reflect the kinetics of the [Ca2+]i, transient.

Published
1983
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