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1. Lack of SMARCB1 expression characterizes a subset of human and murine peripheral T-cell lymphomas

Author

Anja Fischer, Thomas K. Albert, Natalia Moreno, Marta Interlandi, Jana Mormann, Selina Glaser, Paurnima Patil, Flavia W. de Faria, Mathis Richter, Archana Verma, Sebastian T. Balbach, Rabea Wagener, Susanne Bens, Sonja Dahlum, Carolin Göbel, Daniel Münter, Clara Inserte, Monika Graf, Eva Kremer, Viktoria Melcher, Gioia Di Stefano, Raffaella Santi, Alexander Chan, Ahmet Dogan, Jonathan Bush, Martin Hasselblatt, Sylvia Cheng, Signe Spetalen, Alexander Fosså, Wolfgang Hartmann, Heidi Herbrüggen, Stella Robert, Florian Oyen, Martin Dugas, Carolin Walter, Sarah Sandmann, Julian Varghese, Claudia Rossig, Ulrich Schüller, Alexandar Tzankov, Martin B. Pedersen, Francesco A. d’Amore, Karin Mellgren, Udo Kontny, Venkatesh Kancherla, Luis Veloza, Edoardo Missiaglia, Virginie Fataccioli, Philippe Gaulard, Birgit Burkhardt, Oliver Soehnlein, Wolfram Klapper, Laurence de Leval, Reiner Siebert, and Kornelius Kerl

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with poor outcome. Here, we identify a subgroup, PTCL-NOS SMARCB1- , which is characterized by the lack of the SMARCB1 protein and occurs more frequently in young patients. Human and murine PTCL-NOS SMARCB1- show similar DNA methylation profiles, with hypermethylation of T-cell-related genes and hypomethylation of genes involved in myeloid development. Single-cell analyses of human and murine tumors revealed a rich and complex network of interactions between tumor cells and an immunosuppressive and exhausted tumor microenvironment (TME). In a drug screen, we identified histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) as a class of drugs effective against PTCL-NOS Smarcb1- . In vivo treatment of mouse tumors with SAHA, a pan-HDACi, triggered remodeling of the TME, promoting replenishment of lymphoid compartments and reversal of the exhaustion phenotype. These results provide a rationale for further exploration of HDACi combination therapies targeting PTCL-NOS SMARCB1- within the TME.

Published
2024
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2. Lack of SMARCB1 expression characterizes a subset of human and murine peripheral T-cell lymphomas

Author

Fischer, Anja, Albert, Thomas K., Moreno, Natalia, Interlandi, Marta, Mormann, Jana, Glaser, Selina, Patil, Paurnima, de Faria, Flavia W., Richter, Mathis, Verma, Archana, Balbach, Sebastian T., Wagener, Rabea, Bens, Susanne, Dahlum, Sonja, Göbel, Carolin, Münter, Daniel, Inserte, Clara, Graf, Monika, Kremer, Eva, Melcher, Viktoria, Di Stefano, Gioia, Santi, Raffaella, Chan, Alexander, Dogan, Ahmet, Bush, Jonathan, Hasselblatt, Martin, Cheng, Sylvia, Spetalen, Signe, Fosså, Alexander, Hartmann, Wolfgang, Herbrüggen, Heidi, Robert, Stella, Oyen, Florian, Dugas, Martin, Walter, Carolin, Sandmann, Sarah, Varghese, Julian, Rossig, Claudia, Schüller, Ulrich, Tzankov, Alexandar, Pedersen, Martin B., d’Amore, Francesco A., Mellgren, Karin, Kontny, Udo, Kancherla, Venkatesh, Veloza, Luis, Missiaglia, Edoardo, Fataccioli, Virginie, Gaulard, Philippe, Burkhardt, Birgit, Soehnlein, Oliver, Klapper, Wolfram, de Leval, Laurence, Siebert, Reiner, and Kerl, Kornelius

Published
2024
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3. Multiomic profiling of medulloblastoma reveals subtype-specific targetable alterations at the proteome and N-glycan level

Author

Godbole, Shweta, Voß, Hannah, Gocke, Antonia, Schlumbohm, Simon, Schumann, Yannis, Peng, Bojia, Mynarek, Martin, Rutkowski, Stefan, Dottermusch, Matthias, Dorostkar, Mario M., Korshunov, Andrey, Mair, Thomas, Pfister, Stefan M., Kwiatkowski, Marcel, Hotze, Madlen, Neumann, Philipp, Hartmann, Christian, Weis, Joachim, Liesche-Starnecker, Friederike, Guan, Yudong, Moritz, Manuela, Siebels, Bente, Struve, Nina, Schlüter, Hartmut, Schüller, Ulrich, Krisp, Christoph, and Neumann, Julia E.

Published
2024
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4. Multiomic profiling of medulloblastoma reveals subtype-specific targetable alterations at the proteome and N-glycan level

Author

Shweta Godbole, Hannah Voß, Antonia Gocke, Simon Schlumbohm, Yannis Schumann, Bojia Peng, Martin Mynarek, Stefan Rutkowski, Matthias Dottermusch, Mario M. Dorostkar, Andrey Korshunov, Thomas Mair, Stefan M. Pfister, Marcel Kwiatkowski, Madlen Hotze, Philipp Neumann, Christian Hartmann, Joachim Weis, Friederike Liesche-Starnecker, Yudong Guan, Manuela Moritz, Bente Siebels, Nina Struve, Hartmut Schlüter, Ulrich Schüller, Christoph Krisp, and Julia E. Neumann

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Medulloblastomas (MBs) are malignant pediatric brain tumors that are molecularly and clinically heterogenous. The application of omics technologies—mainly studying nucleic acids—has significantly improved MB classification and stratification, but treatment options are still unsatisfactory. The proteome and their N-glycans hold the potential to discover clinically relevant phenotypes and targetable pathways. We compile a harmonized proteome dataset of 167 MBs and integrate findings with DNA methylome, transcriptome and N-glycome data. We show six proteome MB subtypes, that can be assigned to two main molecular programs: transcription/translation (pSHHt, pWNT and pG3myc), and synapses/immunological processes (pSHHs, pG3 and pG4). Multiomic analysis reveals different conservation levels of proteome features across MB subtypes at the DNA methylome level. Aggressive pGroup3myc MBs and favorable pWNT MBs are most similar in cluster hierarchies concerning overall proteome patterns but show different protein abundances of the vincristine resistance-associated multiprotein complex TriC/CCT and of N-glycan turnover-associated factors. The N-glycome reflects proteome subtypes and complex-bisecting N-glycans characterize pGroup3myc tumors. Our results shed light on targetable alterations in MB and set a foundation for potential immunotherapies targeting glycan structures.

Published
2024
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5. Mouse models of pediatric high-grade gliomas with MYCN amplification reveal intratumoral heterogeneity and lineage signatures

Author

Melanie Schoof, Shweta Godbole, Thomas K. Albert, Matthias Dottermusch, Carolin Walter, Annika Ballast, Nan Qin, Marlena Baca Olivera, Carolin Göbel, Sina Neyazi, Dörthe Holdhof, Catena Kresbach, Levke-Sophie Peter, Gefion Dorothea Epplen, Vanessa Thaden, Michael Spohn, Mirjam Blattner-Johnson, Franziska Modemann, Martin Mynarek, Stefan Rutkowski, Martin Sill, Julian Varghese, Ann-Kristin Afflerbach, Alicia Eckhardt, Daniel Münter, Archana Verma, Nina Struve, David T. W. Jones, Marc Remke, Julia E. Neumann, Kornelius Kerl, and Ulrich Schüller

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Pediatric high-grade gliomas of the subclass MYCN (HGG-MYCN) are highly aggressive tumors frequently carrying MYCN amplifications, TP53 mutations, or both alterations. Due to their rarity, such tumors have only recently been identified as a distinct entity, and biological as well as clinical characteristics have not been addressed specifically. To gain insights into tumorigenesis and molecular profiles of these tumors, and to ultimately suggest alternative treatment options, we generated a genetically engineered mouse model by breeding hGFAP-cre::Trp53 Fl/Fl ::lsl-MYCN mice. All mice developed aggressive forebrain tumors early in their lifetime that mimic human HGG-MYCN regarding histology, DNA methylation, and gene expression. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a high intratumoral heterogeneity with neuronal and oligodendroglial lineage signatures. High-throughput drug screening using both mouse and human tumor cells finally indicated high efficacy of Doxorubicin, Irinotecan, and Etoposide as possible therapy options that children with HGG-MYCN might benefit from.

Published
2023
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6. Mouse models of pediatric high-grade gliomas with MYCN amplification reveal intratumoral heterogeneity and lineage signatures

Author

Schoof, Melanie, Godbole, Shweta, Albert, Thomas K., Dottermusch, Matthias, Walter, Carolin, Ballast, Annika, Qin, Nan, Olivera, Marlena Baca, Göbel, Carolin, Neyazi, Sina, Holdhof, Dörthe, Kresbach, Catena, Peter, Levke-Sophie, Epplen, Gefion Dorothea, Thaden, Vanessa, Spohn, Michael, Blattner-Johnson, Mirjam, Modemann, Franziska, Mynarek, Martin, Rutkowski, Stefan, Sill, Martin, Varghese, Julian, Afflerbach, Ann-Kristin, Eckhardt, Alicia, Münter, Daniel, Verma, Archana, Struve, Nina, Jones, David T. W., Remke, Marc, Neumann, Julia E., Kerl, Kornelius, and Schüller, Ulrich

Published
2023
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7. Genomic characterization of DICER1-associated neoplasms uncovers molecular classes

Author

Kommoss, Felix K. F., Chong, Anne-Sophie, Chong, Anne-Laure, Pfaff, Elke, Jones, David T. W., Hiemcke-Jiwa, Laura S., Kester, Lennart A., Flucke, Uta, Gessler, Manfred, Schrimpf, Daniel, Sahm, Felix, Clarke, Blaise A., Stewart, Colin J. R., Wang, Yemin, Gilks, C. Blake, Kommoss, Friedrich, Huntsman, David G., Schüller, Ulrich, Koelsche, Christian, Glenn McCluggage, W., von Deimling, Andreas, and Foulkes, William D.

Published
2023
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8. Pathogen-specific innate immune response patterns are distinctly affected by genetic diversity

Author

Antje Häder, Sascha Schäuble, Jan Gehlen, Nadja Thielemann, Benedikt C. Buerfent, Vitalia Schüller, Timo Hess, Thomas Wolf, Julia Schröder, Michael Weber, Kerstin Hünniger, Jürgen Löffler, Slavena Vylkova, Gianni Panagiotou, Johannes Schumacher, and Oliver Kurzai

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Innate immune responses vary by pathogen and host genetics. We analyze quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and transcriptomes of monocytes from 215 individuals stimulated by fungal, Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. We identify conserved monocyte responses to bacterial pathogens and a distinct antifungal response. These include 745 response eQTLs (reQTLs) and corresponding genes with pathogen-specific effects, which we find first in samples of male donors and subsequently confirm for selected reQTLs in females. reQTLs affect predominantly upregulated genes that regulate immune response via e.g., NOD-like, C-type lectin, Toll-like and complement receptor-signaling pathways. Hence, reQTLs provide a functional explanation for individual differences in innate response patterns. Our identified reQTLs are also associated with cancer, autoimmunity, inflammatory and infectious diseases as shown by external genome-wide association studies. Thus, reQTLs help to explain interindividual variation in immune response to infection and provide candidate genes for variants associated with a range of diseases.

Published
2023
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9. The transcriptional landscape of Shh medulloblastoma.

Author

Skowron, Patryk, Farooq, Hamza, Cavalli, Florence MG, Morrissy, A Sorana, Ly, Michelle, Hendrikse, Liam D, Wang, Evan Y, Djambazian, Haig, Zhu, Helen, Mungall, Karen L, Trinh, Quang M, Zheng, Tina, Dai, Shizhong, Stucklin, Ana S Guerreiro, Vladoiu, Maria C, Fong, Vernon, Holgado, Borja L, Nor, Carolina, Wu, Xiaochong, Abd-Rabbo, Diala, Bérubé, Pierre, Wang, Yu Chang, Luu, Betty, Suarez, Raul A, Rastan, Avesta, Gillmor, Aaron H, Lee, John JY, Zhang, Xiao Yun, Daniels, Craig, Dirks, Peter, Malkin, David, Bouffet, Eric, Tabori, Uri, Loukides, James, Doz, François P, Bourdeaut, Franck, Delattre, Olivier O, Masliah-Planchon, Julien, Ayrault, Olivier, Kim, Seung-Ki, Meyronet, David, Grajkowska, Wieslawa A, Carlotti, Carlos G, de Torres, Carmen, Mora, Jaume, Eberhart, Charles G, Van Meir, Erwin G, Kumabe, Toshihiro, French, Pim J, Kros, Johan M, Jabado, Nada, Lach, Boleslaw, Pollack, Ian F, Hamilton, Ronald L, Rao, Amulya A Nageswara, Giannini, Caterina, Olson, James M, Bognár, László, Klekner, Almos, Zitterbart, Karel, Phillips, Joanna J, Thompson, Reid C, Cooper, Michael K, Rubin, Joshua B, Liau, Linda M, Garami, Miklós, Hauser, Peter, Li, Kay Ka Wai, Ng, Ho-Keung, Poon, Wai Sang, Yancey Gillespie, G, Chan, Jennifer A, Jung, Shin, McLendon, Roger E, Thompson, Eric M, Zagzag, David, Vibhakar, Rajeev, Ra, Young Shin, Garre, Maria Luisa, Schüller, Ulrich, Shofuda, Tomoko, Faria, Claudia C, López-Aguilar, Enrique, Zadeh, Gelareh, Hui, Chi-Chung, Ramaswamy, Vijay, Bailey, Swneke D, Jones, Steven J, Mungall, Andrew J, Moore, Richard A, Calarco, John A, Stein, Lincoln D, Bader, Gary D, Reimand, Jüri, Ragoussis, Jiannis, Weiss, William A, Marra, Marco A, Suzuki, Hiromichi, and Taylor, Michael D

Subjects
Humans, Medulloblastoma, Cerebellar Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Adolescent, Adult, Middle Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Infant, Female, Male, Hedgehog Proteins, Gene Regulatory Networks, Genetic Variation, Young Adult, Transcriptome, Pediatric Research Initiative, Brain Cancer, Pediatric, Rare Diseases, Genetics, Pediatric Cancer, Clinical Research, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Biotechnology, Human Genome, Cancer, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors
Abstract

Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma encompasses a clinically and molecularly diverse group of cancers of the developing central nervous system. Here, we use unbiased sequencing of the transcriptome across a large cohort of 250 tumors to reveal differences among molecular subtypes of the disease, and demonstrate the previously unappreciated importance of non-coding RNA transcripts. We identify alterations within the cAMP dependent pathway (GNAS, PRKAR1A) which converge on GLI2 activity and show that 18% of tumors have a genetic event that directly targets the abundance and/or stability of MYCN. Furthermore, we discover an extensive network of fusions in focally amplified regions encompassing GLI2, and several loss-of-function fusions in tumor suppressor genes PTCH1, SUFU and NCOR1. Molecular convergence on a subset of genes by nucleotide variants, copy number aberrations, and gene fusions highlight the key roles of specific pathways in the pathogenesis of Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma and open up opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

Published
2021

10. Genomic characterization of DICER1-associated neoplasms uncovers molecular classes

Author

Felix K. F. Kommoss, Anne-Sophie Chong, Anne-Laure Chong, Elke Pfaff, David T. W. Jones, Laura S. Hiemcke-Jiwa, Lennart A. Kester, Uta Flucke, Manfred Gessler, Daniel Schrimpf, Felix Sahm, Blaise A. Clarke, Colin J. R. Stewart, Yemin Wang, C. Blake Gilks, Friedrich Kommoss, David G. Huntsman, Ulrich Schüller, Christian Koelsche, W. Glenn McCluggage, Andreas von Deimling, and William D. Foulkes

Subjects
Science
Abstract

DICER1 syndrome is associated with a predisposition to multiple tumor types. Here, the authors identify and characterize 3 molecular subgroups of mesenchymal tumors with DICER1 mutations.

Published
2023
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11. DNA methylation-based classification of sinonasal tumors

Author

Philipp Jurmeister, Stefanie Glöß, Renée Roller, Maximilian Leitheiser, Simone Schmid, Liliana H. Mochmann, Emma Payá Capilla, Rebecca Fritz, Carsten Dittmayer, Corinna Friedrich, Anne Thieme, Philipp Keyl, Armin Jarosch, Simon Schallenberg, Hendrik Bläker, Inga Hoffmann, Claudia Vollbrecht, Annika Lehmann, Michael Hummel, Daniel Heim, Mohamed Haji, Patrick Harter, Benjamin Englert, Stephan Frank, Jürgen Hench, Werner Paulus, Martin Hasselblatt, Wolfgang Hartmann, Hildegard Dohmen, Ursula Keber, Paul Jank, Carsten Denkert, Christine Stadelmann, Felix Bremmer, Annika Richter, Annika Wefers, Julika Ribbat-Idel, Sven Perner, Christian Idel, Lorenzo Chiariotti, Rosa Della Monica, Alfredo Marinelli, Ulrich Schüller, Michael Bockmayr, Jacklyn Liu, Valerie J. Lund, Martin Forster, Matt Lechner, Sara L. Lorenzo-Guerra, Mario Hermsen, Pascal D. Johann, Abbas Agaimy, Philipp Seegerer, Arend Koch, Frank Heppner, Stefan M. Pfister, David T. W. Jones, Martin Sill, Andreas von Deimling, Matija Snuderl, Klaus-Robert Müller, Erna Forgó, Brooke E. Howitt, Philipp Mertins, Frederick Klauschen, and David Capper

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Sinonasal tumour diagnosis can be complicated by the heterogeneity of disease and classification systems. Here, the authors use machine learning to classify sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas into 4 molecular classe with differences in differentiation state and clinical outcome.

Published
2022
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12. Ultrafast pseudospin quantum beats in multilayer WSe2 and MoSe2

Author

Simon Raiber, Paulo E. Faria Junior, Dennis Falter, Simon Feldl, Petter Marzena, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Jaroslav Fabian, and Christian Schüller

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Here, the authors investigate excitonic transitions in mono- and multi-layer WSe2 and MoSe2 by time-resolved Faraday ellipticity (TRFE) with in-plane magnetic fields, and attribute the oscillatory TRFE signal in the multilayer samples to pseudospin quantum beats of excitons, a manifestation of spin- and pseudospin layer locking.

Published
2022
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13. DNA methylation-based classification of sinonasal tumors

Author

Jurmeister, Philipp, Glöß, Stefanie, Roller, Renée, Leitheiser, Maximilian, Schmid, Simone, Mochmann, Liliana H., Payá Capilla, Emma, Fritz, Rebecca, Dittmayer, Carsten, Friedrich, Corinna, Thieme, Anne, Keyl, Philipp, Jarosch, Armin, Schallenberg, Simon, Bläker, Hendrik, Hoffmann, Inga, Vollbrecht, Claudia, Lehmann, Annika, Hummel, Michael, Heim, Daniel, Haji, Mohamed, Harter, Patrick, Englert, Benjamin, Frank, Stephan, Hench, Jürgen, Paulus, Werner, Hasselblatt, Martin, Hartmann, Wolfgang, Dohmen, Hildegard, Keber, Ursula, Jank, Paul, Denkert, Carsten, Stadelmann, Christine, Bremmer, Felix, Richter, Annika, Wefers, Annika, Ribbat-Idel, Julika, Perner, Sven, Idel, Christian, Chiariotti, Lorenzo, Della Monica, Rosa, Marinelli, Alfredo, Schüller, Ulrich, Bockmayr, Michael, Liu, Jacklyn, Lund, Valerie J., Forster, Martin, Lechner, Matt, Lorenzo-Guerra, Sara L., Hermsen, Mario, Johann, Pascal D., Agaimy, Abbas, Seegerer, Philipp, Koch, Arend, Heppner, Frank, Pfister, Stefan M., Jones, David T. W., Sill, Martin, von Deimling, Andreas, Snuderl, Matija, Müller, Klaus-Robert, Forgó, Erna, Howitt, Brooke E., Mertins, Philipp, Klauschen, Frederick, and Capper, David

Published
2022
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15. Single-cell transcriptomics identifies potential cells of origin of MYC rhabdoid tumors

Author

Graf, Monika, Interlandi, Marta, Moreno, Natalia, Holdhof, Dörthe, Göbel, Carolin, Melcher, Viktoria, Mertins, Julius, Albert, Thomas K., Kastrati, Dennis, Alfert, Amelie, Holsten, Till, de Faria, Flavia, Meisterernst, Michael, Rossig, Claudia, Warmuth-Metz, Monika, Nowak, Johannes, Meyer zu Hörste, Gerd, Mayère, Chloe, Nef, Serge, Johann, Pascal, Frühwald, Michael C., Dugas, Martin, Schüller, Ulrich, and Kerl, Kornelius

Published
2022
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16. Single-cell transcriptomics identifies potential cells of origin of MYC rhabdoid tumors

Author

Monika Graf, Marta Interlandi, Natalia Moreno, Dörthe Holdhof, Carolin Göbel, Viktoria Melcher, Julius Mertins, Thomas K. Albert, Dennis Kastrati, Amelie Alfert, Till Holsten, Flavia de Faria, Michael Meisterernst, Claudia Rossig, Monika Warmuth-Metz, Johannes Nowak, Gerd Meyer zu Hörste, Chloe Mayère, Serge Nef, Pascal Johann, Michael C. Frühwald, Martin Dugas, Ulrich Schüller, and Kornelius Kerl

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are aggressive paediatric cancers with yet unknown cells of origin. Here, the authors establish genetically engineered mouse models of RT and, using single-cell RNA-seq and epigenomics, identify potential cells of origin for the SHH and MYC subtypes.

Published
2022
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17. Comprehensive molecular characterization of pediatric radiation-induced high-grade glioma

Author

John DeSisto, John T. Lucas, Ke Xu, Andrew Donson, Tong Lin, Bridget Sanford, Gang Wu, Quynh T. Tran, Dale Hedges, Chih-Yang Hsu, Gregory T. Armstrong, Michael Arnold, Smita Bhatia, Patrick Flannery, Rakeb Lemma, Lakotah Hardie, Ulrich Schüller, Sujatha Venkataraman, Lindsey M. Hoffman, Kathleen Dorris, Jean M. Mulcahy Levy, Todd C. Hankinson, Michael Handler, Arthur K. Liu, Nicholas Foreman, Rajeev Vibhakar, Kenneth Jones, Sariah Allen, Jinghui Zhang, Suzanne J. Baker, Thomas E. Merchant, Brent A. Orr, and Adam L. Green

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Radiation-induced high-grade gliomas (RIGs) are an incurable late complication of cranial radiation therapy. In the largest study to date, we report the results of DNA methylation profiling, RNA-Seq and genomic sequencing of 32 RIG tumors, and an in vitro drug screen in two RIG cell lines.

Published
2021
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18. The transcriptional landscape of Shh medulloblastoma

Author

Patryk Skowron, Hamza Farooq, Florence M. G. Cavalli, A. Sorana Morrissy, Michelle Ly, Liam D. Hendrikse, Evan Y. Wang, Haig Djambazian, Helen Zhu, Karen L. Mungall, Quang M. Trinh, Tina Zheng, Shizhong Dai, Ana S. Guerreiro Stucklin, Maria C. Vladoiu, Vernon Fong, Borja L. Holgado, Carolina Nor, Xiaochong Wu, Diala Abd-Rabbo, Pierre Bérubé, Yu Chang Wang, Betty Luu, Raul A. Suarez, Avesta Rastan, Aaron H. Gillmor, John J. Y. Lee, Xiao Yun Zhang, Craig Daniels, Peter Dirks, David Malkin, Eric Bouffet, Uri Tabori, James Loukides, François P. Doz, Franck Bourdeaut, Olivier O. Delattre, Julien Masliah-Planchon, Olivier Ayrault, Seung-Ki Kim, David Meyronet, Wieslawa A. Grajkowska, Carlos G. Carlotti, Carmen de Torres, Jaume Mora, Charles G. Eberhart, Erwin G. Van Meir, Toshihiro Kumabe, Pim J. French, Johan M. Kros, Nada Jabado, Boleslaw Lach, Ian F. Pollack, Ronald L. Hamilton, Amulya A. Nageswara Rao, Caterina Giannini, James M. Olson, László Bognár, Almos Klekner, Karel Zitterbart, Joanna J. Phillips, Reid C. Thompson, Michael K. Cooper, Joshua B. Rubin, Linda M. Liau, Miklós Garami, Peter Hauser, Kay Ka Wai Li, Ho-Keung Ng, Wai Sang Poon, G. Yancey Gillespie, Jennifer A. Chan, Shin Jung, Roger E. McLendon, Eric M. Thompson, David Zagzag, Rajeev Vibhakar, Young Shin Ra, Maria Luisa Garre, Ulrich Schüller, Tomoko Shofuda, Claudia C. Faria, Enrique López-Aguilar, Gelareh Zadeh, Chi-Chung Hui, Vijay Ramaswamy, Swneke D. Bailey, Steven J. Jones, Andrew J. Mungall, Richard A. Moore, John A. Calarco, Lincoln D. Stein, Gary D. Bader, Jüri Reimand, Jiannis Ragoussis, William A. Weiss, Marco A. Marra, Hiromichi Suzuki, and Michael D. Taylor

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma (Shh-MB) comprises four subtypes each with distinct clinical traits. Here the authors characterize the genome, transcriptome, and methylome of Shh-MB subtypes, revealing a complex fusion landscape and the molecular convergence of MYCN and cAMP signaling pathways.

Published
2021
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19. Sarcoma classification by DNA methylation profiling

Author

Christian Koelsche, Daniel Schrimpf, Damian Stichel, Martin Sill, Felix Sahm, David E. Reuss, Mirjam Blattner, Barbara Worst, Christoph E. Heilig, Katja Beck, Peter Horak, Simon Kreutzfeldt, Elke Paff, Sebastian Stark, Pascal Johann, Florian Selt, Jonas Ecker, Dominik Sturm, Kristian W. Pajtler, Annekathrin Reinhardt, Annika K. Wefers, Philipp Sievers, Azadeh Ebrahimi, Abigail Suwala, Francisco Fernández-Klett, Belén Casalini, Andrey Korshunov, Volker Hovestadt, Felix K. F. Kommoss, Mark Kriegsmann, Matthias Schick, Melanie Bewerunge-Hudler, Till Milde, Olaf Witt, Andreas E. Kulozik, Marcel Kool, Laura Romero-Pérez, Thomas G. P. Grünewald, Thomas Kirchner, Wolfgang Wick, Michael Platten, Andreas Unterberg, Matthias Uhl, Amir Abdollahi, Jürgen Debus, Burkhard Lehner, Christian Thomas, Martin Hasselblatt, Werner Paulus, Christian Hartmann, Ori Staszewski, Marco Prinz, Jürgen Hench, Stephan Frank, Yvonne M. H. Versleijen-Jonkers, Marije E. Weidema, Thomas Mentzel, Klaus Griewank, Enrique de Álava, Juan Díaz Martín, Miguel A. Idoate Gastearena, Kenneth Tou-En Chang, Sharon Yin Yee Low, Adrian Cuevas-Bourdier, Michel Mittelbronn, Martin Mynarek, Stefan Rutkowski, Ulrich Schüller, Viktor F. Mautner, Jens Schittenhelm, Jonathan Serrano, Matija Snuderl, Reinhard Büttner, Thomas Klingebiel, Rolf Buslei, Manfred Gessler, Pieter Wesseling, Winand N. M. Dinjens, Sebastian Brandner, Zane Jaunmuktane, Iben Lyskjær, Peter Schirmacher, Albrecht Stenzinger, Benedikt Brors, Hanno Glimm, Christoph Heining, Oscar M. Tirado, Miguel Sáinz-Jaspeado, Jaume Mora, Javier Alonso, Xavier Garcia del Muro, Sebastian Moran, Manel Esteller, Jamal K. Benhamida, Marc Ladanyi, Eva Wardelmann, Cristina Antonescu, Adrienne Flanagan, Uta Dirksen, Peter Hohenberger, Daniel Baumhoer, Wolfgang Hartmann, Christian Vokuhl, Uta Flucke, Iver Petersen, Gunhild Mechtersheimer, David Capper, David T. W. Jones, Stefan Fröhling, Stefan M. Pfister, and Andreas von Deimling

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Sarcomas are morphologically heterogeneous tumours rendering their classification challenging. Here the authors developed a classifier using DNA methylation data from several soft tissue and bone sarcoma subtypes, which has the potential to improve classification for research and clinical purposes.

Published
2021
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20. Sarcoma classification by DNA methylation profiling

Author

Koelsche, Christian, Schrimpf, Daniel, Stichel, Damian, Sill, Martin, Sahm, Felix, Reuss, David E., Blattner, Mirjam, Worst, Barbara, Heilig, Christoph E., Beck, Katja, Horak, Peter, Kreutzfeldt, Simon, Paff, Elke, Stark, Sebastian, Johann, Pascal, Selt, Florian, Ecker, Jonas, Sturm, Dominik, Pajtler, Kristian W., Reinhardt, Annekathrin, Wefers, Annika K., Sievers, Philipp, Ebrahimi, Azadeh, Suwala, Abigail, Fernández-Klett, Francisco, Casalini, Belén, Korshunov, Andrey, Hovestadt, Volker, Kommoss, Felix K. F., Kriegsmann, Mark, Schick, Matthias, Bewerunge-Hudler, Melanie, Milde, Till, Witt, Olaf, Kulozik, Andreas E., Kool, Marcel, Romero-Pérez, Laura, Grünewald, Thomas G. P., Kirchner, Thomas, Wick, Wolfgang, Platten, Michael, Unterberg, Andreas, Uhl, Matthias, Abdollahi, Amir, Debus, Jürgen, Lehner, Burkhard, Thomas, Christian, Hasselblatt, Martin, Paulus, Werner, Hartmann, Christian, Staszewski, Ori, Prinz, Marco, Hench, Jürgen, Frank, Stephan, Versleijen-Jonkers, Yvonne M. H., Weidema, Marije E., Mentzel, Thomas, Griewank, Klaus, de Álava, Enrique, Martín, Juan Díaz, Gastearena, Miguel A. Idoate, Chang, Kenneth Tou-En, Low, Sharon Yin Yee, Cuevas-Bourdier, Adrian, Mittelbronn, Michel, Mynarek, Martin, Rutkowski, Stefan, Schüller, Ulrich, Mautner, Viktor F., Schittenhelm, Jens, Serrano, Jonathan, Snuderl, Matija, Büttner, Reinhard, Klingebiel, Thomas, Buslei, Rolf, Gessler, Manfred, Wesseling, Pieter, Dinjens, Winand N. M., Brandner, Sebastian, Jaunmuktane, Zane, Lyskjær, Iben, Schirmacher, Peter, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Brors, Benedikt, Glimm, Hanno, Heining, Christoph, Tirado, Oscar M., Sáinz-Jaspeado, Miguel, Mora, Jaume, Alonso, Javier, del Muro, Xavier Garcia, Moran, Sebastian, Esteller, Manel, Benhamida, Jamal K., Ladanyi, Marc, Wardelmann, Eva, Antonescu, Cristina, Flanagan, Adrienne, Dirksen, Uta, Hohenberger, Peter, Baumhoer, Daniel, Hartmann, Wolfgang, Vokuhl, Christian, Flucke, Uta, Petersen, Iver, Mechtersheimer, Gunhild, Capper, David, Jones, David T. W., Fröhling, Stefan, Pfister, Stefan M., and von Deimling, Andreas

Published
2021
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21. Comprehensive molecular characterization of pediatric radiation-induced high-grade glioma

Author

DeSisto, John, Lucas, Jr., John T., Xu, Ke, Donson, Andrew, Lin, Tong, Sanford, Bridget, Wu, Gang, Tran, Quynh T., Hedges, Dale, Hsu, Chih-Yang, Armstrong, Gregory T., Arnold, Michael, Bhatia, Smita, Flannery, Patrick, Lemma, Rakeb, Hardie, Lakotah, Schüller, Ulrich, Venkataraman, Sujatha, Hoffman, Lindsey M., Dorris, Kathleen, Mulcahy Levy, Jean M., Hankinson, Todd C., Handler, Michael, Liu, Arthur K., Foreman, Nicholas, Vibhakar, Rajeev, Jones, Kenneth, Allen, Sariah, Zhang, Jinghui, Baker, Suzanne J., Merchant, Thomas E., Orr, Brent A., and Green, Adam L.

Published
2021
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22. Giant magnetic splitting inducing near-unity valley polarization in van der Waals heterostructures

Author

Philipp Nagler, Mariana V. Ballottin, Anatolie A. Mitioglu, Fabian Mooshammer, Nicola Paradiso, Christoph Strunk, Rupert Huber, Alexey Chernikov, Peter C. M. Christianen, Christian Schüller, and Tobias Korn

Subjects
Science
Abstract

In transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers, the spin and valley degrees of freedom are strongly coupled. Here, the authors engineer a WSe2/MoSe2 heterostructure in which inter-valley transitions of interlayer excitons exhibit a giant splitting and near-unity polarization in a magnetic field.

Published
2017
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23. Pathogen-specific innate immune response patterns are distinctly affected by genetic diversity

Author

Häder, Antje, primary, Schäuble, Sascha, additional, Gehlen, Jan, additional, Thielemann, Nadja, additional, Buerfent, Benedikt C., additional, Schüller, Vitalia, additional, Hess, Timo, additional, Wolf, Thomas, additional, Schröder, Julia, additional, Weber, Michael, additional, Hünniger, Kerstin, additional, Löffler, Jürgen, additional, Vylkova, Slavena, additional, Panagiotou, Gianni, additional, Schumacher, Johannes, additional, and Kurzai, Oliver, additional

Published
2023
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24. Neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons in monolayer MoSe2

Author

Kai Hao, Judith F. Specht, Philipp Nagler, Lixiang Xu, Kha Tran, Akshay Singh, Chandriker Kavir Dass, Christian Schüller, Tobias Korn, Marten Richter, Andreas Knorr, Xiaoqin Li, and Galan Moody

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides host excitons and trions, however higher-order states, although possible, are difficult to identify experimentally. Here, the authors perform polarization-resolved coherent spectroscopy to unveil the signature of neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons in monolayer MoSe2.

Published
2017
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25. Coulomb engineering of the bandgap and excitons in two-dimensional materials

Author

Archana Raja, Andrey Chaves, Jaeeun Yu, Ghidewon Arefe, Heather M. Hill, Albert F. Rigosi, Timothy C. Berkelbach, Philipp Nagler, Christian Schüller, Tobias Korn, Colin Nuckolls, James Hone, Louis E. Brus, Tony F. Heinz, David R. Reichman, and Alexey Chernikov

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Electronic bandgap tuning in semiconductors enables key functionalities in solid-state devices. Here, the authors present a strategy to control the bandgap of atomically thin WS2 and WSe2semiconductors via manipulation of the surrounding dielectric environment rather than by modifications of the materials themselves.

Published
2017
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26. Excitonic linewidth and coherence lifetime in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides

Author

Malte Selig, Gunnar Berghäuser, Archana Raja, Philipp Nagler, Christian Schüller, Tony F. Heinz, Tobias Korn, Alexey Chernikov, Ermin Malic, and Andreas Knorr

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The interplay between dark and bright excitons has a significant impact on the optical properties of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides. Here, the authors perform computational and experimental studies which unveil the microscopic origin of the excitonic coherence lifetime in WS2 and MoSe2.

Published
2016
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27. Trion fine structure and coupled spin–valley dynamics in monolayer tungsten disulfide

Author

Gerd Plechinger, Philipp Nagler, Ashish Arora, Robert Schmidt, Alexey Chernikov, Andrés Granados del Águila, Peter C.M. Christianen, Rudolf Bratschitsch, Christian Schüller, and Tobias Korn

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are promising materials for valleytronics applications. Here, the authors study WS2samples using photoluminescence spectroscopy and time-resolved Kerr-rotation measurements at low temperatures, gaining insight into the valley dynamics of excitons.

Published
2016
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28. Enhanced spin–orbit coupling in core/shell nanowires

Author

Stephan Furthmeier, Florian Dirnberger, Martin Gmitra, Andreas Bayer, Moritz Forsch, Joachim Hubmann, Christian Schüller, Elisabeth Reiger, Jaroslav Fabian, Tobias Korn, and Dominique Bougeard

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Spin-orbit coupling underlies many important spintronic concepts, and is strongly influenced by crystal symmetry. Here, the authors demonstrate a strong enhancement of spin-orbit coupling in core/shell semiconductor nanowires induced by the large interfacial surface areas

Published
2016
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29. Ultrafast pseudospin quantum beats in multilayer WSe2 and MoSe2.

Author

Raiber, Simon, Faria Junior, Paulo E., Falter, Dennis, Feldl, Simon, Marzena, Petter, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Fabian, Jaroslav, and Schüller, Christian

Subjects
DEGREES of freedom, ELECTRON spin, SIGNAL sampling, MAGNETIC fields, EXCITON theory, MONOMOLECULAR films
Abstract

Layered van-der-Waals materials with hexagonal symmetry offer an extra degree of freedom to their electrons, the so-called valley index or valley pseudospin, which behaves conceptually like the electron spin. Here, we present investigations of excitonic transitions in mono- and multilayer WSe2 and MoSe2 materials by time-resolved Faraday ellipticity (TRFE) with in-plane magnetic fields, B∥, of up to 9 T. In monolayer samples, the measured TRFE time traces are almost independent of B∥, which confirms a close to zero in-plane exciton g factor g∥, consistent with first-principles calculations. In contrast, we observe pronounced temporal oscillations in multilayer samples for B∥ > 0. Our first-principles calculations confirm the presence of a non-zero g∥ for the multilayer samples. We propose that the oscillatory TRFE signal in the multilayer samples is caused by pseudospin quantum beats of excitons, which is a manifestation of spin- and pseudospin layer locking in the multilayer samples. Here, the authors investigate excitonic transitions in mono- and multi-layer WSe2 and MoSe2 by time-resolved Faraday ellipticity (TRFE) with in-plane magnetic fields, and attribute the oscillatory TRFE signal in the multilayer samples to pseudospin quantum beats of excitons, a manifestation of spin- and pseudospin layer locking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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30. Single-cell transcriptomics identifies potential cells of origin of MYC rhabdoid tumors

Author

Graf, Monika, Interlandi, Marta, Moreno, Natalia, Holdhof, Dörthe, Göbel, Carolin, Melcher, Viktoria, Mertins, Julius, Albert, Thomas K., Kastrati, Dennis, Alfert, Amelie, Holsten, Till, de Faria, Flavia, Meisterernst, Michael, Rossig, Claudia, Warmuth-Metz, Monika, Nowak, Johannes, Meyer zu Hörste, Gerd, Mayère, Chloe, Nef, Serge, Johann, Pascal, Frühwald, Michael C., Dugas, Martin, Schüller, Ulrich, and Kerl, Kornelius

Subjects
Mice, Germ Cells, Animals, Humans, ddc:610, SMARCB1 Protein, Single-Cell Analysis, Transcriptome, Rhabdoid Tumor
Abstract

Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are rare and highly aggressive pediatric neoplasms. Their epigenetically-driven intertumoral heterogeneity is well described; however, the cellular origin of RT remains an enigma. Here, we establish and characterize different genetically engineered mouse models driven under the control of distinct promoters and being active in early progenitor cell types with diverse embryonic onsets. From all models only Sox2-positive progenitor cells give rise to murine RT. Using single-cell analyses, we identify distinct cells of origin for the SHH and MYC subgroups of RT, rooting in early stages of embryogenesis. Intra- and extracranial MYC tumors harbor common genetic programs and potentially originate from fetal primordial germ cells (PGCs). Using PGC specific Smarcb1 knockout mouse models we validate that MYC RT originate from these progenitor cells. We uncover an epigenetic imbalance in MYC tumors compared to PGCs being sustained by epigenetically-driven subpopulations. Importantly, treatments with the DNA demethylating agent decitabine successfully impair tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our work sheds light on the origin of RT and supports the clinical relevance of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors against this disease.

Published
2020

31. Comprehensive molecular characterization of pediatric radiation-induced high-grade glioma

Author

Adam L. Green, Patrick Flannery, Michael Arnold, John T. Lucas, Thomas E. Merchant, Brent A. Orr, Gregory T. Armstrong, Lakotah Hardie, Chih-Yang Hsu, Nicholas K. Foreman, Ulrich Schüller, Suzanne J. Baker, Rakeb Lemma, John DeSisto, Kenneth L. Jones, Smita Bhatia, Kathleen Dorris, Jinghui Zhang, Lindsey M. Hoffman, Rajeev Vibhakar, Michael H. Handler, Jean M. Mulcahy Levy, Ke Xu, Quynh T. Tran, Todd C. Hankinson, Dale Hedges, Arthur Liu, Tong Lin, Sujatha Venkataraman, Gang Wu, Bridget Sanford, Sariah Allen, and Andrew M. Donson

Subjects
Adolescent, DNA Copy Number Variations, DNA repair, viruses, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, PDGFRA, medicine.disease_cause, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Receptor tyrosine kinase, Article, Cohort Studies, Paediatric cancer, Young Adult, CDKN2A, Glioma, medicine, Cancer genomics, Humans, Computer Simulation, Child, Mutation, Multidisciplinary, Chromothripsis, Radiation, biology, business.industry, virus diseases, General Chemistry, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, DNA Methylation, medicine.disease, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, CNS cancer, Gene Ontology, DNA methylation, Cancer research, biology.protein, biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Neoplasm Grading, business, Transcriptome
Abstract

Radiation-induced high-grade gliomas (RIGs) are an incurable late complication of cranial radiation therapy. We performed DNA methylation profiling, RNA-seq, and DNA sequencing on 32 RIG tumors and an in vitro drug screen in two RIG cell lines. We report that based on DNA methylation, RIGs cluster primarily with the pediatric receptor tyrosine kinase I high-grade glioma subtype. Common copy-number alterations include Chromosome (Ch.) 1p loss/1q gain, and Ch. 13q and Ch. 14q loss; focal alterations include PDGFRA and CDK4 gain and CDKN2A and BCOR loss. Transcriptomically, RIGs comprise a stem-like subgroup with lesser mutation burden and Ch. 1p loss and a pro-inflammatory subgroup with greater mutation burden and depleted DNA repair gene expression. Chromothripsis in several RIG samples is associated with extrachromosomal circular DNA-mediated amplification of PDGFRA and CDK4. Drug screening suggests microtubule inhibitors/stabilizers, DNA-damaging agents, MEK inhibition, and, in the inflammatory subgroup, proteasome inhibitors, as potentially effective therapies., Radiation-induced high-grade gliomas (RIGs) are an incurable late complication of cranial radiation therapy. In the largest study to date, we report the results of DNA methylation profiling, RNA-Seq and genomic sequencing of 32 RIG tumors, and an in vitro drug screen in two RIG cell lines.

Published
2020

32. Giant magnetic splitting inducing near-unity valley polarization in van der Waals heterostructures

Author

Nagler, Philipp, Ballottin, Mariana V., Mitioglu, Anatolie A., Mooshammer, Fabian, Paradiso, Nicola, Strunk, Christoph, Huber, Rupert, Chernikov, Alexey, Christianen, Peter C. M., Schüller, Christian, and Korn, Tobias

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Science, ddc:530, ATOMICALLY THIN SEMICONDUCTOR, MONOLAYER WSE2, INTERLAYER EXCITONS, MOS2, GENERATION, EMITTERS, FIELDS, LAYER, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, lcsh:Q, 530 Physik, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, lcsh:Science, Article
Abstract

Monolayers of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit intriguing fundamental physics of strongly coupled spin and valley degrees of freedom for charge carriers. While the possibility of exploiting these properties for information processing stimulated concerted research activities towards the concept of valleytronics, maintaining control over spin–valley polarization proved challenging in individual monolayers. A promising alternative route explores type II band alignment in artificial van der Waals heterostructures. The resulting formation of interlayer excitons combines the advantages of long carrier lifetimes and spin–valley locking. Here, we demonstrate artificial design of a two-dimensional heterostructure enabling intervalley transitions that are not accessible in monolayer systems. The resulting giant effective g factor of −15 for interlayer excitons induces near-unity valley polarization via valley-selective energetic splitting in high magnetic fields, even after nonselective excitation. Our results highlight the potential to deterministically engineer novel valley properties in van der Waals heterostructures using crystallographic alignment., In transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers, the spin and valley degrees of freedom are strongly coupled. Here, the authors engineer a WSe2/MoSe2 heterostructure in which inter-valley transitions of interlayer excitons exhibit a giant splitting and near-unity polarization in a magnetic field.

Published
2017

33. Neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons in monolayer MoSe2

Author

Chandriker Kavir Dass, Andreas Knorr, Kha Tran, Lixiang Xu, Xiaoqin Li, Philipp Nagler, Akshay Singh, Kai Hao, Tobias Korn, Galan Moody, Christian Schüller, Marten Richter, and Judith F. Specht

Subjects
Photon, Science, Exciton, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Spectral line, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, 010306 general physics, Coherent spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Quantum, Biexciton, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter::Other, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

In atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), reduced dielectric screening of the Coulomb interaction leads to strongly correlated many-body states, including excitons and trions, that dominate the optical properties. Higher-order states, such as bound biexcitons, are possible but are difficult to identify unambiguously using linear optical spectroscopy methods. Here, we implement polarization-resolved two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (2DCS) to unravel the complex optical response of monolayer MoSe2 and identify multiple higher-order correlated states. Decisive signatures of neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons appear in cross-polarized two-dimensional spectra as distinct resonances with respective ∼20 and ∼5 meV binding energies—similar to recent calculations using variational and Monte Carlo methods. A theoretical model considering the valley-dependent optical selection rules reveals the quantum pathways that give rise to these states. Inter-valley biexcitons identified here, comprising of neutral and charged excitons from different valleys, offer new opportunities for developing ultrathin biexciton lasers and polarization-entangled photon sources. Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides host excitons and trions, however higher-order states, although possible, are difficult to identify experimentally. Here, the authors perform polarization-resolved coherent spectroscopy to unveil the signature of neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons in monolayer MoSe2.

Published
2017

34. Coulomb engineering of the bandgap and excitons in two-dimensional materials

Author

Raja, Archana, Chaves, Andrey, Yu, Jaeeun, Arefe, Ghidewon, Hill, Heather M., Rigosi, Albert F., Berkelbach, Timothy C., Nagler, Philipp, Schüller, Christian, Korn, Tobias, Nuckolls, Colin, Hone, James, Brus, Louis E., Heinz, Tony F., Reichman, David R., and Chernikov, Alexey

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Science, ddc:530, Physics::Optics, 530 Physik, DER-WAALS HETEROSTRUCTURES, SINGLE-LAYER MOS2, MONOLAYER WSE2, SEMICONDUCTOR, WS2, PHOTOLUMINESCENCE, HETEROJUNCTIONS, TRANSITIONS, GRAPHITE, CRYSTALS, Article
Abstract

The ability to control the size of the electronic bandgap is an integral part of solid-state technology. Atomically thin two-dimensional crystals offer a new approach for tuning the energies of the electronic states based on the unusual strength of the Coulomb interaction in these materials and its environmental sensitivity. Here, we show that by engineering the surrounding dielectric environment, one can tune the electronic bandgap and the exciton binding energy in monolayers of WS2 and WSe2 by hundreds of meV. We exploit this behaviour to present an in-plane dielectric heterostructure with a spatially dependent bandgap, as an initial step towards the creation of diverse lateral junctions with nanoscale resolution., Electronic bandgap tuning in semiconductors enables key functionalities in solid-state devices. Here, the authors present a strategy to control the bandgap of atomically thin WS2 and WSe2 semiconductors via manipulation of the surrounding dielectric environment rather than by modifications of the materials themselves.

Published
2017

35. Neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons in monolayer MoSe

Author

Kai, Hao, Judith F, Specht, Philipp, Nagler, Lixiang, Xu, Kha, Tran, Akshay, Singh, Chandriker Kavir, Dass, Christian, Schüller, Tobias, Korn, Marten, Richter, Andreas, Knorr, Xiaoqin, Li, and Galan, Moody

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Article
Abstract

In atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), reduced dielectric screening of the Coulomb interaction leads to strongly correlated many-body states, including excitons and trions, that dominate the optical properties. Higher-order states, such as bound biexcitons, are possible but are difficult to identify unambiguously using linear optical spectroscopy methods. Here, we implement polarization-resolved two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (2DCS) to unravel the complex optical response of monolayer MoSe2 and identify multiple higher-order correlated states. Decisive signatures of neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons appear in cross-polarized two-dimensional spectra as distinct resonances with respective ∼20 and ∼5 meV binding energies—similar to recent calculations using variational and Monte Carlo methods. A theoretical model considering the valley-dependent optical selection rules reveals the quantum pathways that give rise to these states. Inter-valley biexcitons identified here, comprising of neutral and charged excitons from different valleys, offer new opportunities for developing ultrathin biexciton lasers and polarization-entangled photon sources., Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides host excitons and trions, however higher-order states, although possible, are difficult to identify experimentally. Here, the authors perform polarization-resolved coherent spectroscopy to unveil the signature of neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons in monolayer MoSe2.

Published
2016

36. Trion fine structure and coupled spin-valley dynamics in monolayer tungsten disulfide

Author

Alexey Chernikov, Philipp Nagler, Peter C. M. Christianen, Rudolf Bratschitsch, Tobias Korn, Ashish Arora, Gerd Plechinger, Andrés Granados del Águila, Christian Schüller, and Robert Schmidt

Subjects
Soft Condensed Matter & Nanomaterials (HFML), Photoluminescence, Science, Exciton, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Optics, Nanotechnology, Correlated Electron Systems / High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, 010306 general physics, Spin (physics), GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Multidisciplinary, Condensed Matter::Other, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Quasiparticle, Trion, 0210 nano-technology, Excitation
Abstract

Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides have recently emerged as possible candidates for valleytronic applications, as the spin and valley pseudospin are directly coupled and stabilized by a large spin splitting. The optical properties of these two-dimensional crystals are dominated by tightly bound electron–hole pairs (excitons) and more complex quasiparticles such as charged excitons (trions). Here we investigate monolayer WS2 samples via photoluminescence and time-resolved Kerr rotation. In photoluminescence and in energy-dependent Kerr rotation measurements, we are able to resolve two different trion states, which we interpret as intravalley and intervalley trions. Using time-resolved Kerr rotation, we observe a rapid initial valley polarization decay for the A exciton and the trion states. Subsequently, we observe a crossover towards exciton–exciton interaction-related dynamics, consistent with the formation and decay of optically dark A excitons. By contrast, resonant excitation of the B exciton transition leads to a very slow decay of the Kerr signal., Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are promising materials for valleytronics applications. Here, the authors study WS2 samples using photoluminescence spectroscopy and time-resolved Kerr-rotation measurements at low temperatures, gaining insight into the valley dynamics of excitons.

Published
2016

37. Neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons in monolayer MoSe2

Author

Hao, Kai, primary, Specht, Judith F., additional, Nagler, Philipp, additional, Xu, Lixiang, additional, Tran, Kha, additional, Singh, Akshay, additional, Dass, Chandriker Kavir, additional, Schüller, Christian, additional, Korn, Tobias, additional, Richter, Marten, additional, Knorr, Andreas, additional, Li, Xiaoqin, additional, and Moody, Galan, additional

Published
2017
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40. Enhanced spin–orbit coupling in core/shell nanowires

Author

Furthmeier, Stephan, primary, Dirnberger, Florian, additional, Gmitra, Martin, additional, Bayer, Andreas, additional, Forsch, Moritz, additional, Hubmann, Joachim, additional, Schüller, Christian, additional, Reiger, Elisabeth, additional, Fabian, Jaroslav, additional, Korn, Tobias, additional, and Bougeard, Dominique, additional

Published
2016
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41. Neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons in monolayer MoSe2.

Author

Hao, Kai, Specht, Judith F., Nagler, Philipp, Xu, Lixiang, Tran, Kha, Singh, Akshay, Dass, Chandriker Kavir, Schüller, Christian, Korn, Tobias, Richter, Marten, Knorr, Andreas, Li, Xiaoqin, and Moody, Galan

Abstract

In atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), reduced dielectric screening of the Coulomb interaction leads to strongly correlated many-body states, including excitons and trions, that dominate the optical properties. Higher-order states, such as bound biexcitons, are possible but are difficult to identify unambiguously using linear optical spectroscopy methods. Here, we implement polarization-resolved two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (2DCS) to unravel the complex optical response of monolayer MoSe2 and identify multiple higher-order correlated states. Decisive signatures of neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons appear in cross-polarized two-dimensional spectra as distinct resonances with respective ∼20 and ∼5 meV binding energies-similar to recent calculations using variational and Monte Carlo methods. A theoretical model considering the valley-dependent optical selection rules reveals the quantum pathways that give rise to these states. Inter-valley biexcitons identified here, comprising of neutral and charged excitons from different valleys, offer new opportunities for developing ultrathin biexciton lasers and polarization-entangled photon sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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